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Bismarck - Jekyll and Hyde? Reassessing Civil-Military Relations During the Franco-Prussian War War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Christoph Nübel
Previous research has highlighted that during the Franco-Prussian War Bismarck kept the ambitions of the military in check. He is seen as a statesman involved in peace-making, while Moltke and the general staff advocated ruthless warfare and struggled to exert influence on the political decision-making process. The article argues that the traditional concept of a separation between civil and military
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Biafrans Everywhere: Diaspora Voices and Activism During the Nigerian Civil War War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Taiwo Bello
How did Biafrans abroad respond to the civil war events, and how did their reactions shape the experiences of their relatives across Biafra? I argue that the active protests, mobilizations and transnational appeals by Biafrans in the diaspora helped bring the war and its destructive characters to the attention of the global audience. Although the locations of the Biafrans abroad were not shaken by
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Book Review: The Age of the Gas Mask: How British Civilians Faced the Terrors of Total War by Susan Grayzel War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-03 Alex Mayhew
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Book Review: Churchill’s American Arsenal: The Partnership Behind the Innovations That Won World War Two by Larrie D. Ferreiro War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-03 Mark R. Wilson
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Book Review: Anzac Nations: The Legacy of Gallipoli in New Zealand and Australia, 1965–2015 by Rowan Light War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-03 Martin Crotty
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Book Review: For King and Country: The British Monarchy and the First World War by Heather Jones War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-03 Romain Fathi
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Book Review: Captive Fathers, Captive Children: Legacies of the War in the Far East by Terry Smyth War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-03 Edgar Jones
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Book Review: Survivors: Warsaw under Nazi Occupation by Jadwiga Biskupska War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-03 Catherine Epstein
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Book Review: Renegotiating First World War Memory: The British and American Legions, 1938–1946 by Ashley Garber War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-03 Emma Hanna
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Book Review: Age of Emergency: Living with Violence at the End of the British Empire by Erik Linstrum War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-03 Margot Tudor
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The 1942 Garmisch Conference: A Snapshot of Mid-War Axis Naval Strategy War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-25 Joel Hayward, Massimiliano Fiore
On 14 and 15 January 1942, a German and Italian maritime strategy conference occurred in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in order to coordinate a joint plan of action for the ongoing conduct of naval warfare. Drawing upon extensive exploration in German and Italian archives, this article challenges coventional wisdom and argues that coordination improved as a consequence of the meeting and that strategic realities
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The Workload of the Italian Military Health Service During the First World War: A Quantitative Assessment War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Alessio Fornasin, Giuliana Freni
The article proposes a quantitative evaluation of the workload of the Italian military health service during the First World War. In the Great War, there were unprecedented medical and health care issues. This was a result of the size of armies; the poor living conditions of the soldiers; and the introduction of new weapons. This article reconstructs some quantitative aspects of the Italian military
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The Army, the Great War, and the Belated Industrialisation of Shoemaking in the Czech Lands War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Martin Jemelka
The army was perhaps the first bulk buyer of mass-produced footwear. In Europe, several regions focused on the bulk production of military (and civilian) footwear owe their origins to the army. This was also the case in the Czech Lands. The belated industrialisation of footwear production in the Czech Lands dates back to the Balkan Wars and World War I. The army and the war economy businesses under
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The Road to the Winter Line in Italy: The Tale of Two Divisions War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Daniel Marston
By late 1943, the British 8th Army had developed a strong learning and training culture, drawing from its battlefield experience. This essay will examine the evolution of this culture and its implementation across diverse units during its Italian campaign. The primary focus will be on the training and performance of the 8th Indian and 78th British divisions, focusing on the battles of October–December
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Book Review: The Vietnam War in the Pacific World by Brian Cuddy and Fredrik Logevall (eds.) War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Amanda C. Demmer
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Book Review: World War II and Southeast Asia: Economy and Society under Japanese Occupation by Gregg Huff War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Mark Harrison
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Book Review: Indianization, the Officer Corps, and the Indian Army: The Forgotten Debate, 1817-1917 by Chandar S. Sundaram War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Anirudh Deshpande
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Book Review: The Art of Occupation: Crime and Governance in American-Controlled Germany, 1944–1949 by Thomas J. Kehoe War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Andrew H. Beattie
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Book Review: Before the Holocaust: Antisemitic Violence and the Reaction of German Elites and Institutions during the Nazi Takeover by Hermann Beck War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Amy Carney
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Book Review: More Than Parcels: Wartime Aid for Jews in Nazi-Era Camps and Ghettos by Jan Láníček and Jan Lambertz (eds.) War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Laura J. Hilton
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Book Review: The Peoples’ War? The Second World War in Sociopolitical Perspective by Alexander Wilson, Richard Hammond, and Jonathan Fennell (eds.) War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Wendy Ugolini
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Book Review: Service Denied: Marginalized Veterans in Modern American History by John M. Kinder and Jason A. Higgins (eds.) War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Heather M. Haley
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‘Imperial Germany's Push to the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean: A Strategic Imperative of Weltpolitik’ War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Peter Overlack
With the extension of the Berlin-Baghdad Railway and Germany's search first for naval coaling and later for radio station locations, the strategic usefulness of footholds in the Persian Gulf region came to the fore. Reliable communication with the African colonies and warships of the East Asian Cruiser Squadron in the expanse of the Indian Ocean was essential. With the allied Ottoman Empire regional
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Espionage, Counterintelligence, and Naval Observation in the Middle of the Atlantic: A Case Study of US Intelligence in the Canary Islands (1939–1945) War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Marta García Cabrera
From 1939 to 1945, the Spanish archipelago of the Canary Islands became an alternative battleground for the intelligence services of the warring powers. US intelligence operated through diplomatic, military, and strategic channels such as consulates, the Office of Naval Intelligence, and the Office of Strategic Services. The archipelago was integrated into the US intelligence network in Spain but was
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Know Thy Enemy and Know Yourself – The Role of Operational Data in Managing the Mines and Booby Trap Threat in Vietnam, 1965–73 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Roland Evans, Tracey Temple, Liz Nelson
Victim operated explosive devices (VOEDs) such as mines and booby traps, have been an enduring problem since their large-scale use started in the 1940s. While the overall problem is often known about in general terms, the real complexion of the problem was not necessarily fully appreciated. Eventually the need to understand the problem and the response to it was partially identified and acted upon
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The Transformation of Cattle Feet to Torpedo Oil: A Case Study in Nazi German Wartime Recycling War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-07 Chad B. Denton
In January 1940, the Wehrmacht had only a two-month supply of torpedo oil, an irreplaceable lubricant derived solely from the feet and shinbones of slaughtered cattle. The Wehrmacht resolved this s...
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The Emergence of Maritime Polity in Goa (Tenth Century to Fifteenth Century CE ) War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Nagendra Rao
Scholars, who studied the nature of the Goa Kadamba polity, did not comprehend the fact that the Goa Kadambas exhibited the features of not only coastal polity but also maritime polity. At the same...
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Crucial but Overlooked: The Italian Naval Contribution to the Conquest of Sevastopol War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-29 Massimiliano Fiore
Axis land forces overran most of the Crimea in October 1941, but were unable to capture Sevastopol. Realizing that sea power was now necessary, Hitler ordered that light boats be transferred to the...
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A Single Imperial Army? The Development of Australian Army Staff Training in an Imperial Context, 1919–19391 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-07 Iain Farquharson
This article examines the development of Australian staff training across the interwar period. Focussing on the establishment of the Australian Command and Staff School in Sydney in 1938, this arti...
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“Extremely Depressed with a Hopeless Outlook”: The Experiences of Psychologically Traumatized Nursing Sisters During and After the First World War War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-05 Lyndsay Rosenthal
During the First World War, 2,845 women served as nursing sisters with the Canadian Army Medical Corps. Although the majority of those who enlisted had pre-war training, these experiences did not p...
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‘Enough to be Seen to be Onside but Hardly Substantial?’: RAF Bomber Command and Operation Husky War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 Richard J. Worrall
This article considers the operations of RAF Bomber Command in support of Operation Husky. Earmarked to play a considerable supporting role, the piece goes on to examine how valid operational diffi...
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Improvising Language Capability: The British Army's Corps of Interpreters, 1914–1915 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Jim Beach, James Bruce
This article examines the British army's short-lived Corps of Interpreters on the Western Front during the early stages of the First World War. It begins by establishing a benchmark for the regular...
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‘First Essentials of Survival’: Ensuring the Support and Compliance of Civilians in the Guerrilla Conflict with Japan on Panay, 1942–1945 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-05 Kelly Maddox
This article offers a detailed examination of the strategies employed by the resistance leadership in Panay to mobilize and, if necessary, coerce civilians into supporting them in their guerrilla c...
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Absence, Agency and Empire: Desertion from the French Army During the First World War War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-05 Claire Eldridge
An estimated 66,678 men deserted from the French Army between 1914 and 1918. Using conseil de guerre (military tribunal) evidence, including interviews with captured deserters, this article shifts ...
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Managing Emergencies for the Safeguarding of Cities of Art in Corrado Ricci's Correspondence: Ravenna, ‘Open City’ without Air Defences (1916–1918) War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-25 Eleonora Maria Stella
This paper intends to examine the dramatic events which involved Ravenna and its historical pinewood from 1916, during the First World War. In that terrible year, the centre of the monumental city ...
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Enslaved by the Uniform: Contemporary Descriptions of Eighteenth-Century Soldiering War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Jennine Hurl-Eamon
A wide variety of eighteenth-century authors made comparisons to soldiering and slavery in newspapers, pamphlets and books. The analogy tended to be applied to highlight the lack of personal autono...
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Two Weeks in Summer Soldiers and Others in Occupied Hesse-Kassel, 14–28 July 1625 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-11 Lucian Staiano-Daniels
The occupation of Hesse-Kassel during the Thirty Years War has been discussed by historians like John Thiebault. This paper revisits this topic with an analysis of letters exchanged between ordinar...
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Rethinking Lines of Operations: Jomini's Contribution to the Conceptualization of Strategy in the Early 19th Century War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-06 Ami-Jacques Rapin
The changes in the conduct of military operations during the wars of the French Revolution were the basis for the theory of lines of operation formulated by Jomini in his Traité de grande tactique....
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French Military and Civil Deployment in Ottoman Istanbul During the Crimean War (1853–1856) War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-13 Saltuk Duran
Based mainly on original French archival sources, this paper discusses the conduct and extent of French military and civil activities in Ottoman Istanbul during the Crimean War. Using both qualitative and quantitative indicators, the paper shows how the necessities generated by the war, promoted an unprecedented growth in the French military and civil presence in Istanbul. Through this approach, the
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Britain and the Protection of the Gulf During the Second World War: The Ad hoc Defence of a Peripheral Theatre War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-12 Ash Rossiter, Athol Yates
The Gulf, a little-studied theatre of the Second World War, grew in importance to the area's leading power, Britain, as well as the Allies, as war progressed. All three Axis powers at one time or another tested Britain's ability to discharge its defence obligations, which included the protection of tiny Arab shaikhdoms and guarding nearby waters. With Britain's strategic imperatives lying elsewhere
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The Representation of the Rhodesian Security Forces in the Propaganda of ZANU and ZAPU, 1965–1980 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-06 Hugh Pattenden
This article considers in detail the ways in which ZANU and ZAPU sought to present the Rhodesian Security Forces in their propaganda during the UDI period. The Rhodesian Bush War was fought as much in the arena of public opinion as it was on the battlefield, a fact not lost on the guerrilla forces, who sought to delegitimize the RSF in a variety of ways. It argues that ZANU and ZAPU had to balance
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Clausewitz and the Personality Characteristics of the Battlefield Commander in British and German Military Doctrine, 1918–1941 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-18 Martin Samuels
Even after the First World War, the British and German armies remained strongly influenced by Clausewitz, for whom personality rather than mass was the best means to reduce friction. This article explores how this was reflected in their military doctrine between the two world wars. The German regulations showed a clear alignment with Clausewitz's thinking. The British tended to focus on the characteristics
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Discussing Maritime Defence Programmes During the Interwar Period: Argentine Navy Officers and the Lessons of the First World War (1919-1924) War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-18 Agustín Daniel Desiderato
This article focuses on the Argentine Navy’s situation during the years after the Great War. It explores some of the issues discussed within the institution and their connection to the national and international political context of the time. The technological backwardness and material obsolescence of the Navy was the focus of criticisms and claims made by some of its officers. The experience of the
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A War of Information: Spanish Naval Intelligence During the American Revolutionary War (1775–83) War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 Pablo Ortega-del-Cerro
Early-Modern war absorbed large material resources, including manpower, warships, guns, ammunition and supplies, but there was one key element of warfare that was quite immaterial: information. This article analyses Spanish naval intelligence and deals with the production, collection, and management of information within and through the navy. To examine this complex issue this paper will focus on the
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Massacre at Tambach: American War Criminals and the Limits of Military Justice, 1945 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 Benjamin M. Schneider
In April of 1945, members of the U.S. army massacred twenty unarmed prisoners near Tambach, Germany. This paper examines the army's response, and why despite abundant evidence and multiple confessions the military justice system failed to convict anyone for the crime. The system faltered due to an incomplete shift in the nature of military justice, one that sought to turn it from a disciplinary tool
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The trench of death: What’s in a name, 1914-1918 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 Jan Van der Fraenen
During the Great War, hundreds of kilometres of trenches were indicated on maps. The names are extremely diverse and some of them can be more easily explained than others. The name of the most famous Belgian trench, the Trench of Death, has never been examined. It is generally accepted that the name reflects the large number of lives lost in the trench. Research reveals that the name appeared in June
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‘Moral Factors’ in British military thought and doctrine, 1856–1899 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 Martin Samuels
During the second half of the nineteenth century, the introduction of new weaponry dramatically changed the balance between moral factors and technology on the battlefield. Yet, this shift was widely met by a renewed emphasis on the importance of the human element. This article explores the development of thinking on this issue in the British Army during the period from 1856 to 1899. This reveals three
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Franco-British military co-operation in the Great Gas War 1915-1918 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 Hanene Zoghlami
Because the Anglophone historiography has tended to marginalize the French contribution to the allied chemical war during the Great War 1914-1918, this study has attempted to re-balance the historical narrative by emphasizing the collective nature and importance of this joint Franco-British enterprise. By interrogating a raft of under-utilized primary evidence in the French and British archives, elements
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‘Fuzzy Wuzzy’ soldiers: Race and Papua New Guinean soldiers in the Australian Army, 1940–60 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 Tristan Moss
This article examines the most militarily important indigenous units formed by Australia, arguing that racially based assumptions played a central role in how Papua New Guinean soldiers were conceptualized and used by the Australian Army during the 1940s and 1950s. Equally, while the perception of Papua New Guinean soldiers was heavily racialized, there was no construction of a martial race myth by
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‘A kind of useless man’? An evaluation of AIF cooks and cookery, 1914–1918 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 Daniel Reynaud, Emanuela Reynaud
While the Australian Imperial Force of 1914–1918 experienced a significant shift from amateurism to professionalism over the course of the war in most areas, one crucial role not yet examined in the literature on the Australian Imperial Force is that of army cook. This article argues that their role was not taken sufficiently seriously during the Great War, leaving them effectively still amateurs at
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‘The termination of the long immunity from air raids’: The bombing of Berlin under Operation Tannenberg, August 1942–March 1943 War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 Richard John Worrall
Arthur Harris infamously pursued the Battle of Berlin in winter 1943/1944 in the face of an increasingly sceptical Air Staff and a disinterested prime minister. The irony was that originally the C-in-C Bomber Command was lukewarm about bombing Berlin. Instead, it was Churchill who continually pressed for attacking the German Capital under Operation Tannenberg, which went ahead in mid-January 1943,
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Book Review: Another Kind of War: The Nature and History of Terrorism by John A. Lynn II War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Silke Zoller
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Book Review: The 1945 Burma Campaign and the Transformation of the British Indian Army by Raymond A. Callahan and Daniel Marston War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Alexander Wilson
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Book Review: France’s Wars in Chad: Military Intervention and Decolonization in Africa by Nathaniel K. Powell War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Roel Van Der Velde
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Book Review: Strange Allies: Britain, France and the Dilemmas of Disarmament and Security, 1929–1933 by Andrew Webster War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Joseph Maiolo
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Book Review: The United States Army and the Making of America: From Confederation to Empire, 1775–1903 by Robert Wooster War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Wayne E. Lee
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Book Review: Why America Loses Wars: Limited War and US Strategy from the Korean War to the Present by Donald Stoker War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 William Thomas Allison
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Book Review: Stalin’s War by Sean McMeekin War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Evan Mawdsley
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Book Review: Rough Draft: Cold War Military Manpower Policy and the Origins of Vietnam-Era Draft Resistance by Amy J. Rutenberg War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Megan Threlkeld
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Book Review: Divided Armies: Inequality & Battlefield Performance in Modern War by Jason Lyall War in History (IF 0.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Patrick Finnegan