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Cash Waqfs and Commercial Capital: Evidence from Ottoman-Venetian Trade (16th Century) Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-16 Tommaso Stefini
This article offers new evidence on commercial financing in the early modern Ottoman Empire. It examines the little-known role of cash waqfs (nukud-ı mevkufe), Islamic trusts, in supporting Ottoman trade with Europe in the sixteenth century. Most of scholarship on cash waqfs considers this institution exclusively as a provider of micro-credit to consumers because the Islamic legal framework allegedly
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Prostitution in Nineteenth-Century Tehran Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-16 Farzin Vejdani
This article examines the shifting lines between ethics and law in the policing and punishment of prostitution in nineteenth-century Tehran. It begins by exploring Tehran’s urban policing and legal institutions before examining how illicit sexual acts were defined alternatively as sins or crimes, depending on the relative publicness of the act, in prescriptive and legal texts. It then turns to how
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Sufis and Sultans in Eighteenth-Century Delhi: Re-evaluating the Political Letters of Shāh Walī Allāh of Delhi (d. 1762) Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-16 Daniel Jacobius Morgan
While Shāh Walī Allāh’s political letters have been the subject of much scholarly discussion, they are still deeply misunderstood. These misunderstandings are due, primarily, to erroneous attributions of recipients, misidentified individuals in the letters, and the failure to read these “political letters” alongside Walī Allāh’s broader epistolographic corpus, contemporary biographical texts and political
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Demonic Descents: Contests in Islamic Tribal Etiology Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Tanvir Ahmed
This essay explores the theme of demonic descent in etiologies assigned to Lurs, Kurds, Afghans, and the Baloch across the past millennium. In it, I parse the imputation of nonhuman beginnings to these peoples while also examining retorts to that same accusation. While agents of premodern empires used the narrative of demonic descent to racialize peoples on the peripheries of sovereignty, demonized
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Gender and Property Relations in Eighteenth-Century Inner Mongolia: Records of Marriage Transactions from Qanggin-Banner (Ordos) Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Dorothea Heuschert-Laage
The study is based on a register of changes in household affiliation, which was compiled by local authorities in Inner Mongolia during the Qing dynasty (1636–1911). The records pertain to household divisions, economic compensation in case of divorce and death, and conditions under which divorced or widowed women could (or had to) return to their families of origin. The present article makes the argument
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“Gilanis on the Move”: Mapping an Inter-Asian Society of Shiʿi Muslim Naturalists Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Hunter Casparian Bandy
A mobile professional and familial network of Shiʿi Muslim naturalists emerged from Kārkiyā’ī Gilan and served royal courts across much of the Persianate world during the 16th and into the 17th centuries. While its members have been known in different historiographic contexts, they have not been studied together as a unique inter-Asian society that endured according to intrinsic logics cultivated
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Tax Farming, the Provincial Council and the Nature of the Late Ottoman State Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yavuz Aykan
This article focuses on the Council (Divan) of Amid in Diyarbekir Province as a petition-receiving institution throughout the eighteenth century. By drawing on the court records of the city of Harput, one of the sub-districts of Diyarbekir, and the tax farming registers of the larger province, the article discusses the role of the provincial governor in legal procedures. It argues that the Provincial
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The Deed of Sale of Bint Toghrïl (666/1267): a First In-Depth Study of the Ilkhanid Private Documents from the Mausoleum of Shaykh Ṣafī in Ardabil Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 David Durand-Guédy, Emad al-Din Sheykh al-Hokamaee
This article is the first in-depth study of an Ilkhanid private document from the Mausoleum of Shaykh Ṣafī in Ardabil (North-Western Iran). It contains the critical edition, translation and commentary of an original deed recording the sale of half a village near Miyāna, in the south of the Iranian province of Azarbayjan, in 666/1267. The document is remarkable for its length, its highly literary wording
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From Reluctance to Reliance: Opium Smuggling in 18th-Century Macao Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Jose A. Canton-Alvarez
This paper critically appraises the role of the opium trade in the politics of 18th-century Macao. By examining previously unexplored Portuguese accounts on opium smuggling, this study contributes new insights into the shift in attitudes of the Macanese authorities towards the opium trade in this period, which subsequently aided further European opium smuggling in the Pearl River Delta. Thus, this
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From Western India to Eastern Africa—the Rise of the Parsis in the 18th and 19th Centuries Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Kaveh Yazdani
The present paper examines the socio-economic conditions for the ascendancy of the Zoroastrian community in Western India between the 18th and 19th centuries. This study reinforces the well-established thesis on the role played by the Parsis in the development of capitalism in India. What distinguishes it from other narratives is the periodization of this development and the consideration of Parsi
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Slaves Holding Slaves: Mükâtebe Contracts, Velâ and a Probate Inventory in the Seventeenth-Century Crimean Khanate Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Fırat Yaşa
This article aims to reveal some aspects of relationships between former slaves and their ex-owners in light of seventeenth-century Crimean qadi court records. It elaborates on a number of terms that indicate the social and legal status of slaves in the Crimean Khanate and analyzes a former slave probate inventory. In addition, the paper also examines the phenomenon of the mükâtebe contract in the
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Turkstroi: Soviet-Turkish Industrial Cooperation and the Dialectics of Divergence and Convergence in Interwar Statism, 1931–1941 Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Michael O’Sullivan
Turkstroi was a Soviet trust that, in partnership with Turkey’s state-owned Sümerbank, constructed several industrial enterprises in the Turkish Republic in the 1930s. By situating the trust in the context of Soviet, Turkish, and multilateral economic development, this article argues that the trust was an expression of patterns of both convergence and divergence in Soviet and Turkish interwar statism
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In Defence of Arabic Palaeography Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Arianna D’Ottone
Museum Cuficum Borgianum (Rome 1782) is one of Jacob Georg Christian Adler’s works which traditionally mark the birth of Arabic palaeography. Almost a century ago the Russian Arabist Ignatij Kratchovsky considered Arabic palaeography an indispensable branch of knowledge that needed to be acquired. In 2023, however, Arabic palaeography is a discipline at risk. Rarely included in Oriental studies programs
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An Issue of Intercultural Communication: An Unknown Letter from the “Sultan of Babylon” to Pope Innocent VIII Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Piotr Tafiłowski
In the University of Glasgow Library’s copy of Pius II’s Epistolae familiares (Nuremberg: Anton Koberger, 16 Sept. 1481), recorded on leaf 1–1v one can find a copy of a letter addressed to Pope Innocent VIII that starts with the heading “Soldanus pontifici Romano pro Restauracione Iunioris filii senioris Turchi”. The letter’s sender, who is referred to in the text as the “Sultan of Babylon”, was the
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Shrines Unyielding: Inter-Asian Networks and the Enduring Power of Sacred Spaces Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Ameem Lutfi
This essay examines modern states’ strategic destruction and patronage of Muslim shrines to consolidate majoritarian power. Drawing on Rian Thum’s notion of shrines as “durable sacred geography,” it conceptualizes shrines as active historical agents embedded in expansive transnational networks. Their extensive sacred geography enables shrines to persist as generative fulcrums that sustain meaning by
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The Timurid Regions and Moghulistan through the Eyes of a Ming Diplomat: An Annotated Translation of the Xiyu fanguo zhi and Selected Poems by Chen Cheng (1415) Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 茸 范
The article investigates the fifteenth-century Ming diplomat Chen Cheng’s travel accounts by situating them against the backdrop of Islamic and Mongol history. The first part of the article presents Chen Cheng’s travels and his reports in the context of Ming-Timurid relations and comprehensively studies the existing editions of Chen’s writings. The second part of the article provides a complete, critical
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The Crimean Khan Şahin Giray (1777–1783): The First Modernizer of the Islamic World and his Image in Imperial and Minority Perspectives Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Golda Akhiezer
The last Tatar khan in the Crimean Peninsula, Şahin Giray, lived during the period that saw the annexation of this Ottoman suzerainty by the Russian Empire. He is the first recorded Muslim ruler in history who tried to introduce a program of modernization based on contemporary European models, and his reforms concerned all spheres of Tatar society. In spite of his collaboration with the Russian Empire
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‘Do You Not Bow before Heaven?’: The First Qing- Durrānī Encounter, the Tributary Non-relationship, and Disorder on a Shared Frontier Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Juul Eijk, Timur Khan
In 1763, Aḥmad Shāh Durrānī sent an embassy to the Qianlong emperor. The envoy caused offence by refusing to prostrate himself. Still, the Qing court fêted his embassy. It seemed the beginning of a promising relationship, but the two empires never had contact again. The Qing court presented the embassy as a tributary mission, but in the pragmatic world of Qing frontier policy, contact with the Durrānīs
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From the Tian Shan to Crimea: Dynamics of Plague Spread during the Early Stages of the Black Death, 1338–46 Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Philip Slavin
The present paper aims to reconstruct tentative ways, in which the Black Death (the first wave of the Second Plague Pandemic) spread from its now-established home in the Tian Shan region to Western Eurasia between c.1338/41 and 1346. On the basis of all the available evidence—textual, palaeogenetic, archaeological, topographic, numismatic and palaeoclimatalogical—the article argues for two phases of
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Place without an Owner: Urban Modernization and Waqf Property in post-Ottoman Niš Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Jelena Radovanović
This article takes the example of post-Ottoman Niš to argue that the transformation of post-Ottoman cities was not a local, nationalism-induced architectural phenomenon, as suggested by the studies of “de-Ottomanization,” but rather a global development which was made possible through the dismantling of the local Ottoman legal regime of urban property. Focusing on the waqf as a quintessential Ottoman
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Rural Administration, Tax-Farming, and the mutadarriks in Egypt from the Late 14th to the Early 16th Centuries Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Daisuke Igarashi
This paper focuses on the category of Egyptian provincial officials called mutadarrik who emerged in the late 14th century, to understand the relationship between the government and rural areas, and the state of rural society in late medieval Egypt. After the mid-14th century, the iqṭāʿ land system underwent a major transformation. Amidst repeated plagues, declining agricultural production, rampant
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The Arghūn State in Qandahar and the New World Economy, 1479–1522 Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Ali Anooshahr
Traffic on overland routes connecting the Indian subcontinent to the Iranian Plateau and Central Asia increased from the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries. This led to the formation of strong states in the Kabul-to-Delhi region—namely, the state ruled by the later Lodīs in north India, the embryonic Mughal state in Kabul, and the Arghūn state in Qandahar (1479–1522). This article will especially
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An Enduring Prestige: Land Grants in a Princely State Census Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Brian T. Cannon
This essay employs the land register of a late nineteenth-century Hindi census conducted in the princely state of Marwar (Rajasthan) to examine the durability of the tax-free (sasan) land grant regime over the course of three centuries. It evaluates the privilege sasan grants inured on their holders until the mid-twentieth century, when a series of a structural land reforms all but overnight changed
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The Lords of Kawkabān and the Transformation of the State in Early Modern Yemen (15th–17th Centuries) Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Ekaterina Pukhovaia
This article reconstructs the history of a Zaydi sayyid clan, the Āl Shams al-Dīn, their rise to prominence prior to the Ottoman conquest of Yemen and their continued success in maintaining their status at the top of Yemeni socio-political hierarchies over four centuries. The article explains the reasons for the success of the family as resilient local rulers and argues that the ability of the lords
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The Russian-Iranian Silk Trade during the Reign of Shāh Ṣafī I (1629–1642) Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Lukas Rybar, Artem A. Andreev
This article is a case study of the Russian-Iranian silk trade, particularly during the period of the Safavid Shāh Ṣafī I (1629–1642). During his reign, substantial changes occurred in the state silk trade, which also affected the Russian-Iranian trade. This study mainly focuses on the amount of Iranian silk exported to Russia by royal merchants, the form the Russian-Iranian silk trade took and the
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The Sino-Kharoṣṭhī Coins of Khotan and Their Significance for This Kingdom’s Interregional Connections Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Joe Cribb
Recent discoveries have greatly increased understanding of the co-called ‘Sino- Kharoṣṭhī’ coinage of the early kings of Khotan. They confirm the chronology of the coinage in the 1st to early 2nd centuries CE, and show the framework of their internal chronology and of Khotan’s monetary system. The coins show strong links between Khotan and the territory ruled by the first four Kushan kings in Afghanistan
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Arboriculture and Viticulture as Investment in the Early Islamic Levant: An Archaeobotanical and Historical Investigation of the Site of Ashkelon Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Kathleen M. Forste
This article combines historical and archaeological evidence to investigate the role arboriculture played in the agricultural economy in the southern Levant as centers of production moved away from rural agricultural estates and focused instead on urban centers. Integrating this evidence with archaeobotanical data from Early Islamic deposits at the archaeological site of Ashkelon, located on the southern
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Archaeological Perspectives on Contacts between Cairo and Eastern Ethiopia in the 12th to 15th Centuries Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Timothy Insoll
A sustained relationship between Cairo, Egypt more broadly, and eastern Ethiopia appears to have existed, particularly in the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. In the general absence of historical sources, it is archaeology that provides primary insight into how and why this relationship was maintained, particularly over the twelfth to thirteenth centuries. This is considered through archaeological data
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Judiciary and Wealth in the Ottoman Empire, 1689–1843 Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Zeynep Dörtok Abacı, Jun Akiba, Metin Coşgel, Boğaç Ergene
This article examines the accumulation, temporal variation, and inequality of wealth in the Ottoman judiciary between the late seventeenth and early nineteenth centuries. Using information from the estate inventories, we calculate the gross and net wealth of judges at the time of death. Comparisons against contemporary economic indicators show low to moderate levels of wealth accumulation among the
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Preaching and Preening: A Ṭūṭī’s Book in Persianate India Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Jahnabi Barooah Chanchani
Starting from the fifteenth century, richly illustrated manuscripts written in Perso- Arabic scripts began to proliferate in north-central India. In some manuscripts, paintings appeared as frequently as in every other folio. I investigate the rise to prominence of the visual through a close study of the Ṭūṭīnāma manuscript currently housed at the Cleveland Museum of Art. My argument is that this phenomenon
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The Watermills of Mosul in the Ottoman Period Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Onur Usta, Cristina Tonghini
This paper presents a documentary and archaeological study of the watermills in Ottoman Mosul to gain a political and social-economic understanding of the water-resource management in Mosul and its north-eastern hinterland in the early modern period. Watermills are of importance to historians, as the simple buildings equipped with sophisticated hydraulic devices, for teasing out various strands of
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Ijtihād in Putin’s Russia? Signature Fatwas from Moscow and Kazan Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Michael Kemper
The present article analyzes the recent fatwa production by two of Russia’s major muftiates, the traditionalist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan (DUMRT) in Kazan and the modernist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation (DUMRF) in Moscow. The author investigates the methodologies that Russia’s muftis follow when elaborating fatwas, and the global
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A Law One Hundred Years Young: The Interpretative Viability of the Ottoman Family Law in Palestine/Israel, 1917–2017 Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Ido Shahar
The article aims at illustrating the “interpretative viability” of the Ottoman Family Code of 1917—i.e., its susceptibility to changing interpretations—and to discuss some of the interpretative tools that qāḍīs have applied to it over the years. By tracing the changing implementation of Article 130 of this law (nizāʿ wa-shiqāq) by sharīʿa courts in Palestine/Israel over a period of one hundred years
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Praxis of Reform: The Politics of Zaytūna Student Housing in Colonial Tunis Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Julian Weideman
This article expands the category of “reform” to encompass a key area of urban infrastructure in colonial Tunis—the housing for students at the Zaytūna Mosque-University. Focusing on the French protectorate in Tunisia (1881–1956), I use documents from the Tunisian National Archives to frame housing as an intra-Zaytūna matter from which French officials withdrew during the interwar period. The housing
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Codex Hammurabi 49–52 and the esip-tabal Contracts from Susa Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Hossein Badamchi, Guido Pfeifer
The so-called esip-tabal contract is a particular type of agricultural transaction known from Codex Hammurabi and the Akkadian legal texts found in Susa. The Akkadian phrase esip-tabal is a statement made by the owner of the field to the other party, which is commonly understood to be a tenant. Modern scholarship first interpreted this contract as a lease. Later it was considered an antichretic loan
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Divorce from Missing Husbands: Rizaeddin Fakhreddin and Reform Within Islamic Tradition in Imperial Russia Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Rozaliya Garipova
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Muslim communities in different parts of the world faced a common problem—women’s inability to obtain divorce after their husbands went missing. These women, deprived of provision (nafaqa), could neither sustain themselves financially nor remarry. In response to this situation, Muslim scholars, in their respective communities (Egypt, Ottoman Syria
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A Hebrew Letter on Papyrus and Its Contexts: Oxford MS Heb.d.69(P) Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Amit Gvaryahu
This article is a new reading of a Hebrew letter, Oxford MS Heb.d.69(P), written on papyrus and dated tentatively by scholars to the 6th century. The article begins with a new edition of the letter, first published in 1903, its first translation into English, a discussion of its language and epistolary conventions, including layout, script, and formulary. In the letter, written by the scribe Isi, the
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The Rights of Subjects over the Kingdom: Situating the History of Rights in Early Modern South Asia Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Hasan Zahid Siddiqui
Eighteenth-century critics of the concept of Oriental Despotism understood rights to hold an important place in the governance of Muslim-ruled empires. In asking what we might make of this idea, this article examines a tradition of speaking about the “rights of subjects over the kingdom” in sultanic India from the late fourteenth century onwards. This tradition, drawing to a significant extent from
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Social Infrastructures, Military Entrepreneurship, and the Making of the Sultan’s Court in Fifteenth-Century Cairo: The Case of the Court Office of ‘the Chief Head of the Guards’ (raʾs nawbat al-nuwab) Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Jo Van Steenbergen, Maya Termonia
This paper engages with the organization of the leadership of the Syro-Egyptian sultanate in the long ninth/fifteenth century, focusing particularly on the case of the court position of ‘the Chief Head of the [sultan’s] Guards’ (raʾs nawbat al-nuwab). It explores narrative source reports to identify the sultanate’s sixty ‘Chief Heads’ and to reconsider what they did in this capacity. Through the analytical
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Fifteenth-Century Melaka’s Networked Ports-of-Trade and Maritime Diasporas in the Bay of Bengal and Western Indian Ocean Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 Kenneth R. Hall
Internationally Western scholars have emphasized the importance of pre-fifteenth-century Western and Eastern Indian Ocean, South Asian, Bay of Bengal, South China; regional Java and wider Southeast Asia commercial, landed, maritime, and societal networking; and Islamic, Hindu, Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. Notably where there were upstream agrarian hinterlands of early historical Southeast Asia
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From Bhauma to Vārāha: The Shifting Lineage Identity of the Kāmarūpa Rulers in Northeast India, 7th–12th Century Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-24 Jae-Eun Shin
To show how a frontier power of pre-modern South Asia defined its history and identity in different ways in changing political contexts, this article presents an analysis of the unusual asura lineage of three lesser-known dynasties between the seventh and twelfth centuries in succession: the Varmans, the Mlecchas and the Pālas, who sequentially all ruled Kāmarūpa, a historical region located in the
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A ‘Good Qaṣba:’ Chamkanī and the Confluence of Politics, Economy and Religion in Durrānī Peshawar, 1747–1834 Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-24 Timur Khan
Between 1747 and 1834, Durrānī Afghan rulers built webs of alliance to political, economic, and religious elites in Peshawar. The village of Chamkanī serves as a useful case study of these networks. Chamkanī housed an influential Indian merchant family, Afghan landed nobility, and a powerful Sufi lineage. Reflecting the fundamental tension between the Durrānī ideal of universal sovereignty and the
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Imperial Landed Endowments (Vakıf Çiftliks) in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire: The Case of Pertevniyal Valide Sultan’s Endowments in Thessaly Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-24 Fatma Öncel
This article takes Pertevniyal Valide Sultan’s endowments as a case study and proposes an original contribution to the literature by discussing the transformation of Ottoman endowment management throughout the nineteenth century. The account books of landed estates (çiftliks), other endowment documents, and the Ottoman imperial archives constitute the basis of explaining different phases of estate
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Ottoman Raiders (Akıncıs) as a Driving Force of Early Ottoman Conquest of the Balkans and the Slavery-Based Economy Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-24 Oliver Jens Schmitt, Mariya Kiprovska
The paper examines the akıncıs’ actions and hence the motivation for their raids as essential constituents within the process of Ottoman conquest of the Balkans in the late Middle Ages. Focusing on the raiders and their plundering activities, it asserts that the akıncıs played a crucial key role in the early Ottoman slave economy, as slave hunting was arguably the main economic driving force behind
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Capitalism in Khiva: Cash Waqf or Cash Loan? Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 Alisher Khaliyarov
This article examines the sharp increase of cash waqf endowments in the Khivan Khanate and the circumstances of their usage during the final decades of the nineteenth century. This research supports the conclusion that the rise of monetization in the economy prompted the rapid emergence of cash waqf endowments and led the administrators of such pious institutions to become personally involved in moneylending
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Crafting a Categorical Ayutthaya: Ethnic Labeling, Administrative Reforms, and Social Organization in an Early Modern Entrepôt Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 Matthew Reeder
In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, royal officials in Ayutthaya—the name for both the kingdom of Siam and its principal city—increasingly deployed ethnic labels for a new political purpose: to organize and distinguish administrative categories of foreign merchants, migrants, captives, and sojourners. The ethno-administrative categories that emerged were neither disinterested nor
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Poetry, Magic, and the Formation of Wahhabism Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 Nadav Samin
The Sunni revivalist Muḥammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (d. 1792) has been subjected to rigorous scrutiny by a number of scholars. Much remains unknown about Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb’s life and work, however, not least the rationale behind his idiosyncratic style of authorship. Examining the scholar’s theological writings from the vantage point of Arabia’s oral vernacular and popular religious traditions casts
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When the Other Speaks: Ismāʿīl Gasprinskii and the Concept of Islamic Reformation Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 Gulnaz Sibgatullina
Through analysis of the Russian-language writings of the prominent Crimean Tatar Muslim educator Ismāʿīl Gasprinskii, this article engages in unpacking the term ‘Islamic Reformation’. Gasprinskii’s membership of various, not necessarily overlapping social groups, including Russian conservative circles and international Muslim liberal networks, gave rise to the multitude of complex, often mutually exclusive
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The Madness of the Majẕūbs: Three Sufi Hagiographies in Sixteenth-Century Mughal India Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 Anurag Advani
This article explores the phenomenon of madness in sixteenth-century north India among Sufi saints called majẕūbs. By focusing on three Indo-Persian Sufi hagiographies (taẕkirāt)—ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Dihlawī’s Akhbār al-Akhyār (1591), ʿAbd al-S̱amad Akbarābādī’s Akhbār al-Aṣfiyā (1608), and Ghaus̱ī Shaṭṭārī Mānḍwī’s Gulẕār-i Abrār (1613)—I argue that madness was central to how majẕūbs in the early Mughal
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Oriental Dressings, Imperial Inhalations: The Indian Hookah in British Colonial Culture Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 Arup K. Chatterjee
Over the course of its Anglo-Indian career, the hookah began as an archetype of colonial hybridity in eighteenth-century Bengal, before entering nineteenth-century London and its consumer sensorium as a seductive Oriental artefact, through travelogues, hookah clubs, Indian-styled diwans and a massive cataloguing of Eastern artefacts culminating in the Crystal Palace Exhibition (1851) and the Colonial
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Remarks on Petrushevskii’s Article K istorii instituta soiurgala Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-29 Jürgen Paul
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Ottoman Archival Documents on the Shrines of Karbala, Najaf, and the Hejaz (1660s-1720s): Endowment Wars, the Spoils System, and Iranian Pilgrims Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-29 Selim Güngörürler
This study introduces and publishes an array of Ottoman archival documents on the shrines of Ahl al-Bayt imams in Iraq, the endowments dedicated to these shrines, and the Shiite-Iranian pilgrims visiting these sites as well as the Kaaba and the shrine of Muhammad in the Hejaz. Focusing on the later seventeenth and the early eighteenth centuries, it discusses the political-economic function of Islamic
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From the Archives of Asian History Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-29 Paolo Sartori
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On the History of the Institution of the Soyūrghāl Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-29 I.P. Petrushevskii,August N. Samie,John E. Woods
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Introduction: The Persianate Bazaar Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-26 Fahad Ahmad Bishara, Nandini Chatterjee
The collection of essays in this volume examines forms of business documentation in the late Persianate world and the Indian Ocean, between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. Looking upon business in its broadest sense, the themes range from property disputes within families to inter-polity and inter-imperial deals, all of which is captured within the notion of the bazaar. Presenting documents
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Transacting Politics in the Maratha Empire: An Agreement between Friends, 1795 Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-26 Dominic Vendell
AbstractDiplomacy was a principal site of linguistic and cultural exchange in the early modern Persianate world. Focusing on the karārnāmā or agreement, this paper explores how a repertoire of Marathi and Persian documentary genres, binding formulae, and graphic procedures enabled legal, commercial, and diplomatic transactions in eighteenth-century western India. The exchange of written agreements
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Persian in the Villages, or, the Language of Jamiat Rai’s Account Books Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-26 Samira Sheikh
AbstractDistrict (pargana)-level land revenue administration in late-Mughal south Gujarat was run mostly by Hindu and Jain family firms which operated within a multilingual environment featuring Gujarati and Marathi as well as Persian. Similar arrangements continued under early East India Company control but, by the 1820s, the British had done away with land-revenue family firms and their contextual
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Conditional Sales and Other Types of Loans in Qajar Iran Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-26 Nobuaki Kondo
This article examines various aspects of conditional sales (bayʿ-i sharṭ) and other types of loans in Qajar Iran (1796-1925). Islamic law prohibited usury, but Shiʿi jurists found a way to legalize money lending at interest. In this paper, I explore how these transactions occurred in practice and what features they had. To this end, I consider three groups of bayʿ-i sharṭ deeds from the National Archives
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The Marathi Kaulnāmā: Property, Sovereignty and Documentation in a Persianate Form Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-26 Prachi Deshpande
AbstractKaulnāmās were ubiquitous in early modern Marathi bureaucratic documentation. They were issued as deeds of assurance offering protection and confirming various rights, especially during warfare or invasion. Such documents were issued at different levels of the administrative hierarchy in the Adilshahi and Maratha administrations to prevent flight from troubled areas, extend cultivation, and
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Disputed Transactions: Documents, Language, and Authority in Eighteenth-Century Marwar Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (IF 0.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-26 Elizabeth M. Thelen
Even though all state documents in Marwar in the second half of the eighteenth century were issued in Rajasthani, Persian-language documents continued to have an active legal life and were debated, discussed and judged through Rajasthani-language petitions and orders. A close reading of one such dispute highlights tensions over the authority of community versus documents, how new forms of state record-keeping