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Recovery and identity: a five-year follow-up of persons treated in 12-step-related programs Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 Ninive von Greiff, Lisa Skogens
Abstract Recovery is an established term used to describe positive processes of change concerning problems related to alcohol and other drugs (AOD). The present article investigates first-person experiences of recovery self-identification over time in clients who have completed 12-step programs with a positive outcome (sobriety). The data comprises qualitative interviews with 47 individuals five years
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Academic, socioeconomic and interpersonal consequences of cannabis use: a narrative review Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 Natalie Castellanos-Ryan, Élisabeth Morin, Charlie Rioux, Kira London-Nadeau, Maggy Leblond
Abstract This article reviews the literature on the association between cannabis use (CU) and psychosocial functioning, operationalized here as academic achievement, economic prospects, social relationships and quality of life. So far, study results have been inconsistent. To clarify whether CU has an impact on psychosocial functioning, this article mainly reviewed prospective and longitudinal studies
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How a moral panic influenced the world’s first blanket ban on new psychoactive substances Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 James Windle, Paul Murphy
Abstract Ireland passed the world’s first blanket ban on new psychoactive substance in 2010. This article traces the historical processes culminating in the Criminal Justice (Psychoactive Substances) Act (2010) through a systematic review of Irish media articles published between 2000 and 2010 (N = 338). The review found that head shops were largely tolerated when they sold cannabis paraphernalia (2000–2008)
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The attitude of attorneys toward substance users and referral of offenders for drug treatment in southern Nigeria Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-03-23 Oluyemi O. Akanni, Bawo O. James, Olubukola O. Arigbede
Abstract This study describes attorney's attitudes towards substance use, offenders with drug problems and referral for treatment in Nigeria. It is a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted among 70 attorneys in Benin City, Nigeria. Participants drawn by both convenience sampling and snowballing approach filled a paper questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, questions on drug dependence
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A gender-focused multilevel analysis of how country, regional and individual level factors relate to harm from others’ drinking Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-03-16 Sarah Callinan, Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe, Sarah C. M. Roberts, Won Cook, Sandra Kuntsche, Ulrike Grittner, Kathryn Graham, Robin Room, Kim Bloomfield, TomK Greenfield, Sharon Wilsnack
Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to examine how gender, age and education, regional prevalence of male and female risky drinking and country-level economic gender equality are associated with harms from other people’s drinking. Methods: 24,823 adults in 10 countries were surveyed about harms from drinking by people they know and strangers. Country-level economic gender equality and regional
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“Something wasn’t right”—parents of children with drug problems looking back at how the troubles first began Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Olivia Liahaugen Flensburg, Björn Johnson, Johan Nordgren, Torkel Richert, Bengt Svensson
Abstract In this study we analyze how parents of adult children with drug use problems view the initial stages of identifying their children’s troubles as a severe drug problem. We focus on the parents’ accounts of the discovery process by identifying significant events in the parents’ narratives through ‘the micro-politics of trouble’. The study is based on an analysis of 32 semi-structured interviews
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Editorial DEPP: drug experienced young people in contact with the criminal justice system. Understanding the challenges and working towards solutions Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-05 Vibeke A. Frank, Sara Rolando, Betsy Thom, Franca Beccaria, Karen Duke, Maria Dich Herold
(2021). Editorial DEPP: drug experienced young people in contact with the criminal justice system. Understanding the challenges and working towards solutions. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy: Vol. 28, Special Focus: Drug experienced young people in contact with the Criminal Justice System. Guest editors: Vibeke A. Frank & Sara Rolando, pp. 1-6.
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Unintended consequences of drug policies experienced by young drug users in contact with the criminal justice systems Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Jacek Moskalewicz, Katarzyna Dąbrowska, Maria Dich Herold, Franca Baccaria, Sara Rolando, Rachel Herring, Betsy Thom, Rahel Kahlert, Günter Stummvoll, Babak Moazen, Heino Stöver, Agnieszka Pisarska
Abstract The aim of this paper is to assess to what extent prohibitive drug policies hamper the management of drug problems from the perspective of young people who have experience with the criminal justice systems (CJS). Qualitative, in-depth interviews were carried out in six European countries (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland, and the UK) following a common interview guide to obtain comparative
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Personal and environmental social capital predictors of relapse following departure from recovery homes Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 Leonard A. Jason, Mayra Guerrero, Meghan Salomon-Amend, John M. Light, Mike Stoolmiller
Abstract Substance use recovery homes represent the largest residential, community-based post-treatment option for those with substance use disorders in the United States. It is still unclear what unique factors predict relapse after residents leave such homes. This study presents results of a longitudinal study of 497 residents who departed from 42 Oxford House recovery houses. We hypothesized that
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Libido as a motivator for starting and restarting non-prescribed anabolic androgenic steroid use among men: a mixed-methods study Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Orlanda Harvey, Margarete Parrish, Edwin van Teijlingen, Steven Trenoweth
Abstract Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are commonly used for their anabolic effects and the potentially detrimental consequences are well documented. Most studies focus on the motivations of increased muscle development and report increased libido as a secondary motivation. This paper aims to explore users’ reports of libido as a motivator for starting and restarting AAS use. This mixed-methods
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Residential treatment and its role in recovery pathways for people with addictions in France: the residents’ point of view Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Emmanuelle Jouet, Aurélien Troisoeufs, Tim Greacen
Abstract While several quantitative studies exist describing the factors associated with maintaining objectives attained by people with addictions during their stay in residential therapeutic centres (RTC), few studies have examined the point of view of the residents themselves on this question. In the present study, qualitative interviews were conducted with 45 residents of an RTC in the Paris area
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Alcohol consumption and illicit drug use among young music festival attendees in Australia Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Caitlin H. Douglass, Michelle Raggatt, Cassandra J. C. Wright, Helen Reddan, Holly O’Connell, Megan S. C. Lim, Paul M. Dietze
Abstract Vanessa is a youth-led service promoting road safety at music festivals. We conducted a cross-sectional survey at 23 festivals in Victoria, Australia to investigate alcohol and illicit drug use among attendees aged ≥16 years who visited Vanessa. Participants completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C) and reported recent illicit drug use and intentions to
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Understanding preferences for type of take-home naloxone device: international qualitative analysis of the views of people who use opioids Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Joanne Neale, Adrian Farrugia, Aimee N. Campbell, Paul Dietze, Robyn Dwyer, Renae Fomiatti, Jermaine D. Jones, Sandra D. Comer, Suzanne Fraser, John Strang
Abstract Background Take-home naloxone (THN) is provided to non-medically trained people to reverse potential opioid overdoses. There is an increasing range of effective intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) naloxone devices and this paper explores the types preferred by people who use opioids, using consumer behaviour literature to interpret the findings. Methods Data derive from two unconnected
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Keeping concerned significant others at a distance in compulsory treatment for people with substance use in Sweden Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Karin Berg, Frida Petersson, Anette Skårner
Abstract While previous drug treatment research has focused on the importance of supportive social relationships for recovery from alcohol and drugs, less is known about how this theme relates to compulsory drug treatment. This study analyzes how staff at four compulsory treatment institutions for adult drug users in Sweden rationalize the importance of maintaining contact with concerned significant
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“I’m always hiding and ducking and diving”: the stigma of growing older on methadone Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-15 Paula Mayock, Shane Butler
Abstract Background There is emerging consensus that older opiate treatment patients have specific health and social care needs and also evidence of a particular stigma associated with opiate maintenance treatment. Yet, very little is known about the stigma experienced by individuals who have been interacting with methadone treatment services over a prolonged period. Aim and Method Conducted in Ireland
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Factors contributing to frequent police contact among young people: a multivariate analysis including homelessness, community visibility, and drug use in British Columbia, Canada Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-15 Alissa Greer, Marion Selfridge, Kiffer Card, Cecilia Benoit, Mikael Jansson, Zina Lee, Scott Macdonald
Abstract There is increasing recognition and attention towards the patterns of police encounters with citizens. In this study, we examine the determinants of being stopped and questioned by the police among a heterogenous sample of adolescents and young adults, who were either people who use drugs and a comparison group, in three non-metropolitan areas of British Columbia, Canada. We conducted bivariate
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Domain-specific consideration of future consequences and early alcohol use: a bivariate and person-centered analysis Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-11 Michael T. McKay, John L. Perry, Jon C. Cole
Abstract Research into temporal psychology, and in particular its relationship with health behaviors, has grown exponentially in recent years. Accordingly, studies have shown that how individuals think and feel about the past, present, and future, is significantly related to alcohol-use behaviors. This has been shown to be particularly true where studies have applied person-centered analyses rather
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Prevalence of illicit drug use before imprisonment in Europe: results from a comprehensive literature review Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-08 Frank C. van de Baan, Linda Montanari, Luis Royuela, Paul H. H. M. Lemmens
Abstract Current data on the prevalence of prior illicit drug use among the prison population in Europe is scarce. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of illicit drug use prior to incarceration, as reported by studies conducted in 30 European countries. A comprehensive literature review was conducted from the 5–31 of March 2018 using the databases Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE,
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“I was already in the system from the start”: how substance-using women in the street sex trade make decisions about pregnancy Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Susan Dewey, Kyria Brown, Jennifer Hankel, Theresa Anasti
Abstract The present study examines how substance-using women in the street sex trade formulate understandings of pregnancy at the intersections of healthcare, social services, and family systems in ways that reflect internalized dominant cultural assumptions about substance use, motherhood, and the street sex trade. Three primary frameworks emerged with respect to pregnancy-related decision-making
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Variations in the accomplishment of persistent heroin use in Wales: a typology of users’ lifestyles Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 James Morgan, Trevor Bennett
Abstract Background Much of the previous qualitative research on heroin users has focused on the progression and inevitable decline of a heroin using career or the struggles and setbacks of small single groups of heroin users. Much less attention has been paid to the ability of heroin users to successfully integrate heroin use into their broader lifestyles. We build on this literature by offering a
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“I was already in the system from the start”: how substance-using women in the street sex trade make decisions about pregnancy Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Susan Dewey, Kyria Brown, Jennifer Hankel, Theresa Anasti
Abstract The present study examines how substance-using women in the street sex trade formulate understandings of pregnancy at the intersections of healthcare, social services, and family systems in ways that reflect internalized dominant cultural assumptions about substance use, motherhood, and the street sex trade. Three primary frameworks emerged with respect to pregnancy-related decision-making
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Risk and substance use: Framing dangerous people and dangerous places Reviewed by: Amy Pennay Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-01-27 Amy Pennay
(2021). Risk and substance use: Framing dangerous people and dangerous places Reviewed by: Amy Pennay. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. Ahead of Print.
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“I’m not like others”: stigma navigation by people who inject drugs in Vietnam Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Nguyen Thu Trang, Marie Jauffret-Roustide, Le Minh Giang, Laurent Visier
Abstract Background People who inject drugs are subjected to great stigmatization in many parts of the world. How they deal with stigma is closely linked to how stigma means to them. Understanding the strategies individuals employ to cope with these negative attitudes and what resources they mobilize in this process gives useful insights for clinical work and policy development. Methods We conducted
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Overdoselifesavers.org: a mixed-method evaluation of a public information website on experiences of overdose and using take-home naloxone to save lives Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Adrian Farrugia, Carla Treloar, Suzanne Fraser
Abstract Aims Overdoselifesavers.org was created as part of a larger Australian research project investigating impediments to take-home naloxone uptake. The aim of the project was to create a resource to enhance public and professional understandings of take-home naloxone and to counter stigmatising misconceptions about overdose. This article presents the findings of a mixed-method evaluation of Overdoselifesavers
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The role of ADHD in the development of motivation for change in persons with SUD treated in Czech therapeutic communities Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Eva Rubášová, Kateřina Lukavská, Michal Miovský
Abstract Fluctuations in motivation to change in persons with substance use disorder (SUD) may lead to their dropping out of treatment. ADHD in SUD persons is known to have a negative effect on motivational processes in general. Residents with comorbid ADHD may therefore experience more fluctuations in motivation during treatment. We assessed the development of motivation to change within the initial
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Operationalising cultural competency in the context of substance use treatment: a qualitative analysis Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Maja Lindegaard Moensted, Carolyn Day
Abstract The concept of cultural competency raises questions about the meaning of culture, difference and professional practice as well as how best to address religious and cultural marginality, epistemologically and practically, within codes of ethical practice. Despite continued policy and research emphasis on delivering culturally competent substance-use services to the Muslim and Arabic speaking
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Preventing, producing, or reducing harm? Fitness doping risk and enabling environments Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 April Henning, Jesper Andreasson
Abstract Policies and approaches addressing image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) use in the gym and fitness context, also known as fitness doping, vary widely by country. Fitness doping, and those who participate in it, maybe met with individual-level strategies ranging from criminal penalties to harm reduction efforts. This research compares two distinct approaches to fitness doping: Sweden’s
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Gender differences in alcohol onset and drinking frequency in adolescents: an application of the theory of planned behavior Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 Henriette Kyrrestad, Geraldine Mabille, Frode Adolfsen, Roman Koposov, Monica Martinussen
Abstract The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a model utilized to predict human behavior that was used to examine adolescents’ alcohol drinking behavior (onset and frequency of drinking). Longitudinal data collected over a 2 year period from Norwegian junior high school students (N = 1,563) was used. Multilevel structural equation models was used to examine the utility of the TPB to explain variance
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Implementation of the Icelandic Prevention Model: a critical discussion of its worldwide transferability Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Ina M. Koning, C. De Kock, P. van der Kreeft, Andrew Percy, Zila M. Sanchez, G. Burkhart
Abstract Environmental drug prevention interventions are gaining momentum alongside and in concert with ‘classical’ prevention practices such as school, family and community interventions. The Icelandic Prevention Model (IPM) is particularly gaining attention because of its innovative environmental approach and because of its supposed impact on lowering (the onset of) substance use among youth during
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Gender and recovery pathways in the UK Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Catrin Andersson, Emma Wincup, David Best, Jamie Irving
Abstract Recovery is now the defining feature of UK drug and alcohol policy. Despite this policy emphasis, little attention has been paid to the lived experience of those in recovery. Instead, research has typically concentrated on treatment populations, which are predominantly male. Consequently, we have little insight into recovery experiences in general, and specifically how they might differ for
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Why are drug-related deaths among women increasing in Scotland? A mixed-methods analysis of possible explanations Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Emily J. Tweed, Rebekah G. Miller, Joe Schofield, Lee Barnsdale, Catriona Matheson
Abstract Drug-related deaths have increased significantly in Scotland in recent years, with a much greater percentage increase in deaths among women than among men. We undertook a mixed-methods project to identify explanations for this trend, comprising three parallel methodological strands: (i) an analysis of available routine data, including drug treatment data, death registrations, and surveys of
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People of color in North America report improvements in racial trauma and mental health symptoms following psychedelic experiences Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 Monnica T. Williams, Alan K. Davis, Yitong Xin, Nathan D. Sepeda, Pamela Colón Grigas, Sinead Sinnott, Angela M. Haeny
Abstract This study examined how psychedelics reduced symptoms of racial trauma among black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) subsequent to an experience of racism. A cross-sectional internet-based survey included questions about experiences with racism, mental health symptoms, and acute and enduring psychedelic effects. Changes in mental health were assessed by retrospective report of symptoms
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Experiences of people who use drugs with naloxone administration: a qualitative study Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Eleanor Rochester, Melissa Graboyes
Abstract The United States is in the midst of an epidemic of opioid-related overdose deaths. In response, harm reduction programs commonly distribute the opioid antagonist naloxone directly to PWUD so that they can act as first responders when an overdose occurs. Naloxone reverses respiratory depression and can save the life of a person overdosing on opioids. Little research has been conducted about
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Interest in online supports and brief self-help interventions among cannabis using Canadian university students Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Alexandra Loverock, Igor Yakovenko, T. Cameron Wild
Abstract Only a fraction of problematic cannabis users ever seek treatment from specialty addiction services. This gap could be reduced via online brief interventions and self-help resources; however, it is not clear whether cannabis users would be interested in accessing those tools. We examined whether cannabis use, motives for using cannabis, and protective behavioral strategies predicted hypothetical
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‘We do what we can as soon as we can’ Alcohol and Other Drug workforce perspectives on preventing and responding to prenatal alcohol exposure Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 Rebecca A. Pedruzzi, Olivia Hamilton, Helena H. A. Hodgson, Elizabeth Connor, Elvira Johnson, James Fitzpatrick
Abstract Evidence based strategies are needed to enhance the ability of the Alcohol and Other Drugs (AOD) sector to prevent prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and harms including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). In Australia FASD prevention research has largely focused on primary care and child development sectors, while little research has been conducted with AOD services providing comprehensive
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Are members of mutual aid groups better equipped for addiction recovery? European cross-sectional study into recovery capital, social networks, and commitment to sobriety Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Thomas F. Martinelli, Dike van de Mheen, David Best, Wouter Vanderplasschen, Gera E. Nagelhout
Abstract An increasing body of evidence shows that informal mutual aid groups benefit those in addiction recovery. However, attention for mutual aid groups in practice and policy varies internationally and is only recently emerging in continental Europe. Existing evidence is mostly limited to studies of Alcoholics Anonymous groups in the United States. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to examine
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Is it FASD? And does it matter? Swedish perspectives on diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Karin Heimdahl Vepsä
Abstract Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term covering a range of conditions related to prenatal alcohol exposure. In Sweden, only the most severe of these conditions, Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), is used as a medical diagnosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the Swedish discussion on whether or not FASD conditions (other than FAS) should be actively diagnosed/identified
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Harm reduction as an approach to ethical nursing care of people who use illicit substances: an integrative literature review of micro and meso influences Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Cassandra (Sammy) Iammarino, Bernadette (Bernie) Pauly
Abstract People who use illicit substances and experience socioeconomic disadvantage experience poor health as a result of structural vulnerabilities made worse by barriers to health care. In particular, stigma and discrimination often act as a barrier to health care for people who use illicit substances. Lack of respect for persons and judgements based on discrimination are in violation of core ethical
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Development of alcohol use disorder in young Swiss men: the influence of retrospectively perceived parenting profiles Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Sophie Baudat, Katia Iglesias, Joseph Studer, Gerhard Gmel, Stéphanie Baggio
Abstract This four-wave longitudinal study aimed to examine the associations between retrospectively perceived parenting profiles in adolescence and the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) throughout emerging adulthood. The cohort consisted of 190 young Swiss men who completed retrospective reports of parenting at baseline and a short AUD self-report screening tool at four measurement times (mean
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Maintenance of long-term recovery from substance use: a mixed methods study of self- and treatment-changers Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 Keren Gueta, Gila Chen, Natti Ronel
Abstract Drawing on a person-centered approach to recovery from substance use that acknowledges recovery pathways as shaped by people’s personal and social context, the purpose of this study was to compare recovery maintenance of two pathways, self-change and treatment-change. A mixed methods design was employed among 229 respondents [134 self-changers (SCs) and 95 treatment-changers (TCs)], with a
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Cannabis use motivations: a study of young adults in Nigeria Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 Emeka W. Dumbili, Reiner Hanewinkel, Hannah M., Degge, Emmanuel C. Ezekwe, MaryJane Nnajiofor
Abstract Drug-related problems are growing in Nigeria. Yet, there is a paucity of research on the motives for using cannabis and its contribution to drug-related problems. Understanding the underlying motives for taking cannabis from users’ perspectives would facilitate the provision of harm reduction policies/interventions. Using normalization framework, semi-structured interviews were conducted with
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Alcohol consumption in aquatic settings: a mixed-method study exploring young adults’ attitudes and knowledge Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 Hannah L. M. Calverley, Lauren. A. Petrass, Jennifer. D. Blitvich
Abstract Retrospective studies have identified alcohol as a significant risk factor in drownings involving young adults. Few studies have explored this issue, therefore the current contextual understanding of alcohol consumption in aquatic settings is limited. This study used a survey (n = 182) and one-to-one and small group interviews (n = 23) to investigate knowledge and attitudes of United Kingdom
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Perspectives of people with opioid use disorder on improving addiction treatments and services Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 Élise Lachapelle, Léonie Archambault, Camille Blouin, Michel Perreault
Abstract In North America, the recent increase in opioid-related deaths has highlighted a need to consult people with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) on how to improve treatments, namely in terms of service access and patient retention. The aim of this study is to explore experiential perspectives on how to improve accessibility and retention in OUD treatments. Four focus groups were conducted with a total
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The relationship between amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use and violent crime in Penang, Malaysia: findings from a preliminary study Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 Darshan Singh, Suresh Narayanan, Krishnan Harinderan, Balber Singh, Balasingam Vicknasingam
Abstract Amphetamine-type-stimulant (ATS) use in Malaysia has surged but the relationship between ATS use and crime remains poorly investigated. Our study sample consisted of 149 self-reported people who use ATS detained for armed, unarmed, and narcotic offences in a centre in Penang, Malaysia. All information was elicited through personal interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. A multinomial
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‘Zombies’, ‘cannibals’, and ‘super humans’: a quantitative and qualitative analysis of UK news media reporting of the cathinone psychostimulants labelled ‘monkey dust’ Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 Amanda Marie Atkinson, Harry Sumnall
Abstract Background News media helps set the agenda for public thinking and policy responses to drugs use, by framing substances, substance use and people who use drugs (PWUD) within a ‘drug scare’ narrative. Using the example of ‘monkey dust’, an inconsistently identified set of substituted cathinone psychostimulants, we explored how an emerging drug ‘problem’ was reported in the UK news media, and
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Shining light on darkness: suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among Iranian women who do and do not use drugs Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Salahedin Ghaderi, Borzoo Morovat, Reza Masoumirad, Roya Noori, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Babak Moazen, Kate Dolan, Mostafa Shokoohi
Abstract Background Illicit drug use and dependence is a well-established risk factor for self-harm and suicide. The present comparative study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among Iranian women. Methods With a cross-sectional design, a total of 787 Iranian women who reported using illicit drugs and 406 women without drug use history were recruited and invited
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Practices and policies of marijuana retail stores in the first two US states to legalize recreational marijuana sales Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Kathleen M. Lenk, Terra Wiens, Lindsey E. A. Fabian, Darin J. Erickson
Abstract With the recent introduction of recreational marijuana retail stores throughout the United States and other jurisdictions, research is warranted on whether responsible sales practices are implemented. We assessed store practices/policies in the first two US states to legalize recreational marijuana, Colorado and Washington. We surveyed a random sample of store managers (25 per state) and observed
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Alcohol drinking among adolescents with native-Swedish and non-European immigrant background: the importance of parental attitudes and peer attitudes for acculturation Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Björn Johnson, Robert Svensson
Abstract In this study, we examine differences in alcohol drinking between first- and second-generation non-European immigrant and native-Swedish adolescents. We also examine whether parental and peer attitudes toward alcohol are associated with the acculturation of drinking habits among adolescents with an immigrant background. The study is cross-sectional and based on a school survey conducted in
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Overdose response among trained and untrained women with a history of illicit drug use: a mixed-methods examination Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Janna Ataiants, Silvana Mazzella, Alexis M. Roth, Randall L. Sell, Lucy F. Robinson, Stephen E. Lankenau
Abstract Little is known about differences in bystander behavior among people who use drugs, trained and untrained in opioid overdose prevention. We examined three types of recommended overdose response – a 911 call, rescue breathing/CPR, and naloxone administration—among Philadelphia-based, predominantly street-involved women with a history of illicit drug use. The study utilized a convergent mixed
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Representation of adverse childhood experiences is associated with lower public stigma towards people who use drugs: an exploratory experimental study Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Harry R. Sumnall, Ian Hamilton, Amanda M. Atkinson, Catharine Montgomery, Suzanne H. Gage
Abstract Background Stigmatising attitudes towards people who use drugs are pervasive amongst the public. We investigated whether public stigma was affected by presentation of a history of adversity, and how substance use was described. Methods A cross-sectional online study using a convenience sample, with a randomised 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Participants read one of eight randomly presented vignettes
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Use characteristics and harm potential of ecstasy in The Netherlands Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Jan van Amsterdam, Johannes G. Ramaekers, Ton Nabben, Wim van den Brink
Abstract Introduction Ecstasy (MDMA) is a popular recreational drug, but its illegal production and trade in the Netherlands have developed into a serious public order and ecological problem which endanger and question the harm reduction approach of the Dutch ecstasy policy. Methods The market characteristics, adverse health effects, risk profile, and link to criminal activity of ecstasy were reviewed
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A critical narrative inquiry to understand relapse among Filipino methamphetamine polydrug users in low-income communities Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Ronnel R. Asumbrado, Nico A. Canoy
Abstract In the Philippines where an ongoing national drug campaign is implemented, continuous recovery of drug users is compromised especially those coming from low-income communities. However, studies that explore drug relapse and recovery issues in such communities are still scant. As an exemplar case, a critical narrative inquiry was performed to analyze accounts of 17 Filipino male low-income
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Roles of gender, social anxiety and extraversion in drinking patterns among Nigerian students Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-08-24 John E. Eze, Chibueze Fortune Uzuegbu, JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji
Abstract Background Effective interventions to curb the growing alcohol use problem in African countries require an understanding of critical factors associated with drinking patterns. Previous studies have examined the contributions of gender, social anxiety and extraversion in alcohol use, but little research exists on the operationalization of drinking patterns as high-risk situations for alcohol
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Exploring the short-term effects of the Strengthening Families Program on Brazilian adolescents: a pre-experimental study Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Sheila Giardini Murta, Luís Gustavo do Amaral Vinha, Larissa de Almeida Nobre-Sandoval, Viviane Paula Santos Rocha, Karina Damous Duailibe, Maria do Socorro Mendes Gomes, Danielle Aranha Farias, David Foxcroft
Abstract Background Substance abuse and violence are among the primary health concerns regarding Brazilian adolescents. This study sought to explore the short-term effects of the Strengthening Families Program (SFP 10-14), a preventive program for families with adolescents, adapted to Brazil. Methods A pre-experimental design was used, with a pretest and 10-12-month follow-up evaluation. A qualitative
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Assessment of Norwegian physicians’ knowledge, experience and attitudes towards medical cannabis Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 John Laurence Arnfinsen, Adnan Kisa
Abstract Background Medicinal cannabis (MC) has been used extensively throughout history. However, its criminalization in the United States in 1937 spurred the international community to follow suit, including Norway. Despite being reintroduced as a medical treatment in many countries in recent years, the use of MC in Norway is confined to a select few patient groups, and medical specialists must formally
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‘How much heroin is too much heroin?’ Youth inquiries regarding opioids Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-08-09 Cory M. Morton, Nicholas D’Amore, Kerry Nolte, Philip Bryan
Abstract Primary prevention initiatives specifically designed for youth are an important strategy to combat the opioid crisis in the United States. The developmental period of adolescence is critical for impacting lifetime patterns of opioid misuse. Providing youth with relevant information to guide decisions around initiation of drug use may reduce the most serious opioid related harms. Prevention
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Binge drinking in 14-year-old Italian students is correlated with low or high psychological well-being: a cross-sectional study Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-07-29 Sara Gostoli, Luana Fantini, Sara Casadei, Veronica A. De Angelis, Chiara Rafanelli
Abstract Balanced levels of Psychological Well-Being (PWB) can represent protective factors for human functioning. PWB has not been investigated among young adolescents who practice binge drinking (BD), a popular pattern of alcohol intake, defined as the consumption of five or more alcoholic units in one session. The negative impact of BD on psychophysical health has been extensively studied, but there
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‘Sometimes I feel like the other life on heroin was better’: transitioning experiences towards methadone, and HIV prevention implications in Urban Kenya Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 Emmy Kageha Igonya, Andrew Guise, James Ndimbii, Fredrick Owiti, Tim Rhodes, Stephanie Strathdee
Abstract In 2014 methadone as part of Medically Assisted Therapy (MAT) was introduced in Kenyan public health facilities as part of a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention and treatment. This paper explores the transition experiences for people moving from the use of heroin to MAT. The paper reports on a qualitative study conducted in an urban setting in Kenya in 2015. Findings show that transitioning
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The engagement of young people in drug interventions in coercive contexts: findings from a cross-national European study Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-06-12 Karen Duke, Helen Gleeson, Katarzyna Dąbrowska, Maria Herold, Sara Rolando
Abstract Background The engagement of young people has been a neglected area in youth justice and drug policy and practice. This paper explores the concept of ‘engagement’ in relation to drug interventions in custodial and community settings in different European countries. Methods Interviews were undertaken with young people (aged 14–25 years) in contact with the criminal justice system who use illegal
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‘Discursive struggles’ between criminal justice sanctions and health interventions for people who use drugs: a qualitative exploration of diversion policy and practice in Scotland Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (IF 1.17) Pub Date : 2020-06-12 T. Price, T. Parkes, M. Malloch
Abstract Amidst growing recognition that people who use drugs are often vulnerable and in need of health-focused support, international conventions and national priorities on personal drug use are changing with emphasis shifting from criminal justice to health narratives. In Scotland, there has been a move toward health-led drug policymaking, and yet little is known about how diversion operates in
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