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This letter presents an analytical procedure for the synthesis of a low-pass prototype filter constituted by the cascade of doublet blocks coupled by inverters or shunt reactances. The considered doublet is a second-order resonating structure composed of two resonant and two nonresonant nodes which allow the placement of two finite transmission zeros (TZs) in the frequency response. The considered

In this letter, we consider the scenario that a linearly polarized electromagnetic plane wave excites a transmission line (TL). By tailoring the reciprocity theorem for modeling the field-coupling problem, we prove that the maximal/minimal coupling scenarios can be determined from the radiation pattern data. Particularly, the incidence and polarization angles of the field that maximize/minimize the

This letter presents a novel dual-band band-stop filter (DBBSF) based on suspended stripline (SSL) with short-ended waveguide stubs on its metal housing. A short-ended waveguide stub embedded transversally in the metal housing of the SSL has been shown to introduce independent transmission zeros. It is mostly suitable for high harmonic depression. This letter describes a band-stop filter with four

This letter presents a high isolation substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) diplexer using dual-mode resonators. Each dual-mode SIW resonator can generate one transmission pole (TP) and one transmission zero (TZ) for the channel filter. The frequencies of the TZs can be easily controlled by the perturbation vias. One channel filter’s two TZs’ frequencies are designed to cover the other channel filter’s

A novel tunable vector-sum filtering power divider (FPD) with arbitrary output phase difference is proposed. It is constructed by a tunable FPD [which has reconfigurable in-/out-of-phase output and arbitrary power division ratios (PDRs)] on the left and a wideband branch-line coupler (BLC) on the right. The output wave from the left FPD forms two orthogonal vectors at each output port of the BLC. The

In this letter, a compact branch-line-based quadrature hybrid coupler using a line miniaturization technique for a 28-GHz application is presented. Coplanar waveguide-based artificial transmission lines are used in the miniaturization, and T-equivalent circuit models are exploited to elaborate on the optimization method. A multistage T-model is utilized to eliminate the need for lumped elements, improve

A millimeter-wave (mmW) fully metallic crossover with six intersecting channels based on Maxwell fish-eye (MFE) lens is proposed. The quasi-MFE lens consists of an almost-parallel plate waveguide with a curved top plate and an array of uniform metallic posts loaded on the bottom plate. Six pairs of rectangular waveguides are added that surround the lens to form a six-channel crossover. The results

This letter presents the design of a new type of wideband waveguide matched loads. Unlike conventional loads based on absorbing materials, the proposed design relies on conductor loss of the waveguide to achieve the desired absorption level. To increase the waveguide loss and meanwhile maintain a small footprint of the whole device, gap waveguide structures are employed to reduce the group velocity

In this work, directly perforated substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) in the form of periodic air holes are studied with a focus on the electromagnetic shielding effect by examining its bandpass and stopband filtering characteristics. Two different configurations of the air-filled holes are considered for this electromagnetic bandgap structure, which are called shielded and unshielded cases. In

This letter presents a technique for designing metallic packages and cavities hosting RF and/or digital electronic systems for minimizing the unintentional coupling due to cavity resonances. The method involves an appropriate design of the conductive lid by adding periodic structures, unit cells (UCs), characterized by metal pins of appropriate length. The technique proposed herein, based on a quick

The methodology for the measurement of the knee voltage and maximum collector current for the linear operation of bipolar transistors is described and demonstrated on the horizontal current bipolar transistor (HCBT). Both limits are determined by measuring loadlines at 1-dB compression point (P1dB), wherein the hard-limiting nonlinearity occurs only in the positive half-wave of the collector current

Heterogeneous integration of IC chiplets into systems on a chip (SoC) is further revolutionizing the semiconductor industry. This letter introduces a metal embedded chiplet assembly for microwave integrated circuit (MECAMIC) technology that uses high-scaled GaN HEMT chiplets. MECAMIC relies on the cointegration of transistor chiplets with passive interposers using an embedding backside metal process

In this letter, a straightforward accurate method for magnetic nanowires (MNWs) ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency determination and permeability extraction is proposed. FMR frequencies are obtained using a one-port coplanar waveguide (CPW) circuit system. Relative permeability, defined as ${\mu } = {\mu }{'}\mathrm {-j} {\mu }{'}{'}$ , of MNW samples is extracted by “four steps” method, commonly

This letter presents a 17.5–22.5-GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA) with the high out-of-band rejection in the range of 27.5–32.5 GHz and 4–10 GHz by using 90-nm GaAs p-HEMT technology. The multizero control method is proposed to produce multiple zeros for generating the high out-of-band rejection and expanding the rejection bandwidth. The multizero control is realized by bypass capacitor notch filters

We present a diplexed power amplifier (PA) architecture for achieving more than octave bandwidth with high efficiency. Two relatively narrowband single-stage PAs are connected with a contiguous diplexer-combiner network. The average efficiency across the larger than octave band is maintained with a flat gain response from 1.8 to 4 GHz. To maintain efficiency, the two transistors are biased in class

In this letter, a linearization solution for Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) based on independently tunable linearizer (ITL) is proposed. The ITL for DPA (DITL) is obtained by vector synthesis of two parallel ITLs; the back-off and gain characteristic is configurable to match the DPAs. To verify the method, a prototype is designed at 3.5 GHz. A DPA with 8.5 dB back-off and 20-MHz wideband signal stimulated

In this letter, the design of a broadband high-efficiency Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with a bandwidth of 1000 MHz for the 5G frequency band is proposed. The postmatching structure is employed to achieve broadband performance. The proposed DPA shows high efficiency at 6-dB output power back-off (OBO) in the entire 1000-MHz band. The DPA has been designed and implemented using commercial GaN HEMTs

This letter describes a single-transistor oscillator implemented on a paper substrate at the operating frequency of 24 GHz, based on a design procedure that makes it possible to overcome the limitations caused by thin high-loss substrates and package parasitics of commercial components. The commercial transistor adopted in the oscillator is led to instability by exploiting its parasitic gate inductance

This letter presents the design, performance, and analysis of four low-noise amplifier (LNA) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) operating in ${W}$ -band. Two LNA designs were fabricated in two variations of a 20-nm gate-length metal–oxide–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (MOSHEMT) technology each. While for the first technology version the heterostructure is directly grown

A single-pole double-throw (SPDT) CMOS switch at 15–25 GHz is presented, which has a small size, low insertion losses, and high-power handling capabilities for both output nodes. It has an SPDT structure in which nMOS and pMOS are alternately used as series and shunt transistors. An inductor-matching network is placed between two output nodes for input and output matching, which is also used to increase

Phase/frequency detectors (PFDs), equipped with blind zone (BZ) relieving delay elements (DEs), are studied. DE design guidelines for oscillation-free optimal PFD I/O characteristics, along with detailed validation, are presented. This PFD study is useful for the design of charge-pumped phase-locked loops (CP-PLLs) that employ high-frequency input clocks.

A frequency quadrupler for the up-conversion of a 63.75-GHz signal to an output frequency of 255 and 12.7 GHz of bandwidth for use in a local oscillator chain is presented. The presented circuit extends the common push–push architecture to a single-stage frequency quadrupler and improves upon existing designs concerning frequency of operation and conversion core efficiency. By replacing the usual $2\times

Leakage in frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar with a homodyne receiver induces strong signal components in the lower frequency parts of the radar observations. There, the dynamic range of the observations has been reduced, such that close and weak targets are hard to detect. In this letter, a signal processing method is proposed to mitigate the leakage. First, background subtraction is

A dual-band wireless power transfer (WPT) system is proposed to satisfy multiple distinct-band WPT demands. A power amplifier combined with a dual-band output matching coil, which is relatively compact, is adopted to enable asynchronous two-band power transfer for multiple single-band receivers (RXs). The measurement results revealed that the efficiency reached 71% for both 6.78 and 13.56 MHz when

Different from the forward channel interference signal, the feedback (FB) channel interference signal, including nonlinear distortion of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and RF downconverter, cannot be eliminated by the existing digital predistortion (DPD) system, which will seriously affect the performance of DPD system. The blind identification and compensation method of the nonlinear system

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A multiple scattering method is proposed for the analysis of substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) structures in this letter. SIW structures are considered to be parallel plates embedded by the fence of metallic vias (labeled as SIW vias). The addition theorem of cylindrical waves is applied to the calculation of the multiple scattering among SIW vias and coaxial ports. The reflection matrix of SIW

Accurateyield estimation is of particular importance in microwave component design due to the presence of manufacturing tolerances. Coarse- and fine-mesh space mapping (SM) methodology has been regarded as a powerful tool for facilitating electromagnetic (EM)-based yield estimation, especially when equivalent circuit coarse models are not available. This letter proposes a novel EM-based yield estimation

This letter reports on the RF design and practical development of miniaturized substrate-integrated-(SI)-coaxial-resonator-based bandstop filters (BSFs). Size compactness is achieved through the use of double-resonant coaxial resonators that are shaped by two coupled capacitively loaded posts within the volume of a circular cavity. The operating principles of the double-resonant SI-coaxial-resonator-based

A class of input-reflectionless low-pass filter (LPF) using a multilayered diplexer-based architecture is presented. It consists of two signal-transmission parts: 1) a reflective-type LPF network built with an open-ended microstrip resonator and a shunt microstrip section and 2) a resistively terminated wide-band microstrip-to-microstrip vertical transition. Thus, based on the in-band transmission

In this letter, a novel dual-band microstrip balun bandpass filter (BPF) is designed by using interdigital capacitor-loaded codirectional split ring resonators (CDSRRs). The utilized resonator is analyzed by coupled line theory and exhibits independently controllable dual resonance behavior. The proposed balun BPF is constructed by coupling two identical CDSRRs to rotationally symmetrical balanced

The groove gap waveguide (GGWG) technology is used to design a simple asymmetric orthomode transducer (OMT) at the Ka -band in this letter. The OMT consists of two metal layers which do not need electrical contact due to the property of the gap waveguide technology. The vertical polarization (VP) is directly fed to a standard rectangular waveguide port from the main arm of a square waveguide, while

Two low-noise amplifiers fabricated with 100-nm gate length gallium nitride (GaN)-on-silicon process in $W$ -band are presented in this work. One has a gain of 17.5–20.5 dB in 77.5–84 GHz with 3.8–4.7-dB noise figure (NF), the other has wider bandwidth of 78.5–90 GHz with 14.5–17-dB gain and 4.5–5.2-dB NF. The chip sizes of these two low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) are $3\times 1.6$ mm 2 and $3\times 1

In this letter, a 2.4-GHz quadrature local oscillator (LO) buffer insensitive to frequency-dependent loads is presented for Bluetooth low energy (BLE) applications. An LC tank is used as a load in the proposed buffer to provide a sufficient voltage gain and large voltage swing at the operating frequencies of BLE. Furthermore, the effect of the frequency-dependent impedance of the LC tank on the gain

In this letter, a self-mixing balanced frequency tripler is presented. It comprises a push–push frequency doubling stage followed by a single balanced mixing stage sharing the input power via coupled lines. The chip is fabricated using the SG13G2 (130-nm SiGe BiCMOS) technology of Innovations for High Performance Microelectronics (IHP). A measured output power of 3 dBm is achieved at 280 GHz with a

A millimeter-wave (mm-wave) voltage-controlled inductor (VCI) that is based on a series inductor–capacitor tank and that achieves large ratios of maximum to minimum inductance is proposed. For demonstration, a VCI with an inductance ratio of 4 is employed in a 22-nm CMOS silicon on insulator (SOI) Colpitts third-order-harmonic-extracted injection-locked (IL) oscillator (ILO) operating from 112.5 to

This work presents a self-biased 5 GHz hybrid class-B/F −1 oscillator for low phase noise and robust startup. The design exploits the concurrent conduction of nMOS and pMOS, when placed on differential sides, to form a differential-mode (DM) high-quality-factor second-harmonic resonator for low phase noise. The same resonator is shared between the main core (class-F −1 ) and the startup core (class-B)

This letter presents a negative conductance ( $G_{m}$ )- and swing-enhanced Colpitts voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based on optimization of the capacitance ratio. In the proposed VCO structure, a current source typically used in conventional VCOs is replaced with an inductor to increase the output voltage swing. A current-reuse configuration is also adopted to decrease power consumption. Theoretical

A harmonic-tuned (HT) voltage-controlled oscillator in a 65-nm CMOS process is demonstrated in this letter. The oscillation frequency and harmonics are tuned independently by two separated high- $Q$ resonators. A novel F 23 inductor–capacitor resonator resonating at the second and third harmonics simultaneously is introduced. The proposed F 23 inductor has a high-quality factor of 15 and 24 in common-mode

This letter presents new wideband single-pole double-throw (SPDT) RF switches utilizing SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) for both series and shunt switches. SiGe HBT, when used as a series switch, exhibits small parasitic components compared to bulk CMOS, which improves insertion loss at high frequency and supports wider bandwidth. For a series switch, three configurations are proposed:

Contactless sensors with CMOS on-chip antennas use only the top thick metal for the polarization antenna due to the low inductance contribution of the bottom (thin) CMOS metals adding only resistance to the antenna. In this letter, a two-layer inductor (thick top metal layer inductor in series with the bottom thin four-layer metal inductor) configuration was proposed for wireless polarization (by electromagnetic

This letter introduces two concentric open-loop spiral resonators (OLSRs) that are used to improve magnetic field for nonradiative wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. OLSRs are fed through metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitive coupling using a 50- $\Omega $ microstrip transmission line. First, a single OLSR is designed and implemented for WPT, then two OLSRs are used instead of a single OLSR to

In this letter, a frequency-tunable rectifier in the $C$ -band designed by a hybrid semiconductor integrated circuit (HySIC) concept is proposed. A GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) and a Si radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) were utilized as the HySIC configuration in the rectifier design. For the purpose of initial confirmation of this design validity, the GaAs and Si chips

For wireless power transfer and energy harvesting applications, an advantage of having a broadband rectifier is the coverage of a wide range of narrowband frequencies as well as wideband pulses. Many broadband rectifiers have been recently proposed, but their reported characteristics are mainly evaluated at discrete frequencies. Due to the nonlinear nature of rectifiers, such frequency domain characteristics

Measurements of dielectric constant are of significant importance. Existing methods, contact or noncontact, require the sample under test (SUT) with a specified dimension. It can be the cross section of a rectangular waveguide or a regular-shaped reference SUT. In this work, a new approach extended from microwave imaging is proposed to remotely measure the dielectric constants of 2-D SUTs with arbitrary

An integrated photonic electric field sensor comprised of a tapered antenna array and an optical waveguide asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) has been fabricated and experimentally demonstrated. The tapered antenna array is fabricated across the MZI for a broadband receiving of the electromagnetic (EM) wave. The phase of the light beam traveling in the optical waveguide therefore changes

In this letter, we present the first use of a terahertz (THz) photonic-driven source toward active circuit characterization. We show that a single source can be used for intermodulation points and noise figure measurement. The method is applied at 300 GHz with a HEMT technology-based low noise amplifier (LNA). We show that the third and fifth intermodulation behavior at 300 GHz can be extracted taking

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal.

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In this letter, a novel transition from microstrip (MS) line to empty substrate-integrated waveguide (ESIW) with tapered artificial dielectric slab matrix in compact size is proposed. ESIW exhibits effective characteristics for energy transmission, especially in the millimeter waveband, due to the loss of dielectric. Recently, an MS to ESIW transition without sharp dielectric taper is achieved through

A coplanar Magic-T is proposed based on a combination of ridge and $E$ -plane groove gap waveguides for Ka -band applications. All four ports of the proposed Magic-T are coplanar. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed Magic-T is about 43% covering the whole Ka -band from 26 to 40 GHz. The Magic-T isolation is better than 40 dB in the whole bandwidth while its insertion loss is about 0.25 dB.

In this letter, a novel waveguide-below-cutoff (WBC) structure with electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) surfaces is proposed to increase the cutoff frequency without sacrificing the waveguide size. To implement the proposed WBC structure, EBG arrays with various via patterns are fabricated and attached to the wide walls inside a normal rectangular waveguide. Transmission loss of the WBC structure is measured

In this letter, an ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass Wilkinson power divider (WPD) is introduced. By using filter synthesis theory and proposed optimization algorithm, all the $S$ -parameters ( $S_{11}$ , $S_{21} = {S} _{31}$ , $S_{22} = {S} _{33}$ and $S_{32}$ ) of the proposed topology could provide an equal-ripple response, and their equal-ripple level and bandwidth can be controlled, respectively. For

In this letter, a multilayer balanced substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter (BPF) using the TE 102 and TE 201 modes is designed with an aperture etched on the common ground between two stacked SIWs. Under common-mode (CM) operation, the aperture is a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). When the height is less than $\lambda _{g}$ /4, the space between the perfect electric conductor (PEC)