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In this letter, a novel transition from microstrip (MS) line to empty substrate-integrated waveguide (ESIW) with tapered artificial dielectric slab matrix in compact size is proposed. ESIW exhibits effective characteristics for energy transmission, especially in the millimeter waveband, due to the loss of dielectric. Recently, an MS to ESIW transition without sharp dielectric taper is achieved through

A coplanar Magic-T is proposed based on a combination of ridge and $E$ -plane groove gap waveguides for Ka -band applications. All four ports of the proposed Magic-T are coplanar. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed Magic-T is about 43% covering the whole Ka -band from 26 to 40 GHz. The Magic-T isolation is better than 40 dB in the whole bandwidth while its insertion loss is about 0.25 dB.

In this letter, a novel waveguide-below-cutoff (WBC) structure with electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) surfaces is proposed to increase the cutoff frequency without sacrificing the waveguide size. To implement the proposed WBC structure, EBG arrays with various via patterns are fabricated and attached to the wide walls inside a normal rectangular waveguide. Transmission loss of the WBC structure is measured

In this letter, an ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass Wilkinson power divider (WPD) is introduced. By using filter synthesis theory and proposed optimization algorithm, all the $S$ -parameters ( $S_{11}$ , $S_{21} = {S} _{31}$ , $S_{22} = {S} _{33}$ and $S_{32}$ ) of the proposed topology could provide an equal-ripple response, and their equal-ripple level and bandwidth can be controlled, respectively. For

In this letter, a multilayer balanced substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter (BPF) using the TE 102 and TE 201 modes is designed with an aperture etched on the common ground between two stacked SIWs. Under common-mode (CM) operation, the aperture is a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). When the height is less than $\lambda _{g}$ /4, the space between the perfect electric conductor (PEC)

This letter aims at investigating the impact of the gate width on the microwave field effect transistor (FET) performance, focusing on the GaAs high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) technology as a case study. To accomplish this complex task, the small-signal equivalent-circuit elements together with the major RF figures of merit are thoroughly analyzed for seven HEMTs based on an interdigitated

This letter presents the application of the $f_{\mathrm {T}}$ -doubler technique, for the first time, to improve the unity-gain frequency $(f_{\mathrm {T}})$ of inverse-mode (IM) silicon–germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). An $f_{T}$ -doubler structure, which used three identical SiGe HBTs with the same emitter area of 0.07 (width) $\times0.9$ (length) $\mu \text{m}^{2}$ , is

A 28-GHz two-stage differential cascode power amplifier (PA) linearized with a simple common-source (CS) body network, in which the body of the CS amplifier at the power stage is connected to the drain through a large resistance. The body network is very simple but very effective to linearize the PA. The linearity improvements are explained and shown with the intermodulation distortions (IMD3) and

This presents a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier (PA). The branch line coupler is used to design the output circuits of the PA. By appropriately selecting the impedance conditions of terminal ports, the branch line coupler can not only realize impedance conversion but also realize harmonic impedance control. Two-stage couplers are exploited to expand the working bandwidth. To verify the effectiveness

A novel method called the edge-triggered gate modulation method is proposed in this letter to decrease the voltage overshoot while maintaining high efficiency for high-power amplifiers (HPAs). In this method, the HPA is biased in high-efficiency mode, i.e., Class B/C, during the pulse-on period and switched to Class A on the rising/falling edge of the pulse. For verification, a pulsed HPA prototype

This work is believed to be the first report of a single-supply quasi-enhancement-mode GaN-based monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifier that operates from dc to 50 GHz. The quasi-E-mode GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have an $f_{T}$ of 120 GHz and a positive turn-on voltage, $V_{\mathrm {gs-on}}$ , that enables an all positive-supply, regulated self-bias over threshold

A novel RF power amplifier (RFPA) architecture, the orthogonal load-modulated balanced amplifier, or OLMBA, is described and demonstrated. Compared to the load-modulated balanced amplifier (LMBA), the OLMBA displays many of the same benefits, such as active adaptive tuning using the phase and amplitude of an external control signal, but with much lower power requirements on the control signal power

Benefited from the high breakdown voltage and low noise characteristics, GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) can be used for manufacturing of robust low noise amplifiers (LNAs). Therefore, limiter circuits which protect the entire system are no longer necessary and systems with smaller volume can be realized. In this letter, a LNA with low noise figure (NF) and longtime survivability for

A 27–42-GHz 5-bit passive switching phase shifter is presented using 65-nm CMOS technology for the fifth generation (5G) applications. In the 180° phase shift bit, a reflection-type-based biphase modulator topology is developed to achieve good phase shifting performance over a wide bandwidth. The measured insertion loss (IL) of all 32 states is 12.4 ± 1.2 dB at 39 GHz and 11.4 ± 2.3 dB at 28 GHz with

This letter presents a fractional-N frequency synthesizer with an ultrawideband continuously tuning range of 32.4% centered at 26.85- and 8.7-GHz chirp for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars. The synthesizer uses a fractional-N 9-GHz charge-pump phase-locked loop (CPPLL) cascaded by an injection-locked frequency tripler (ILFT). A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with transformer (TFM)

A 480-GHz sensor consists of signal stimulus and the transducer element as well as a subharmonic mixer in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology is reported. It features a mixer-first architecture based on down-conversion subharmonic mixer, an local oscillator (LO) chain at 240-GHz using a frequency doubler with variable-gain characterization, and a 480-GHz RF chain, making the fully integrated 480-GHz receiver

This letter presents a tunable metamaterial (MTM) slab for high-efficiency wireless power transfer (WPT) in misaligned conditions, which operates at 6.78 MHz, an AirFuel Alliance Standard frequency. The tunable MTM slab is located between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) coils serving as a tunable lens to help focus the magnetic field toward the place where the Rx coil is located. This tunable slab

This letter presents a low-cost and compact reconfigurable frequency measurement circuit able to reconfigure bandwidth and resolution, the design uses a varactor loaded phase shifter, a reference delay line, and power divider/combiner to form a 2-bit frequency discriminator with four states for frequency measurement. The reconfigurable discriminator has four bandwidth states of 0.5, 0.9, 1.3, and 1

In this study, a loss-compensated microwave (MW) planar sensor is used to characterize fluids at ~1 GHz. The environmental temperature is shown to adversely impact the recorded resonance frequency of the MW sensor, leading to data mixing. This issue is resolved using a feedforward artificial neural network with two hidden layers. Various concentrations of methanol in water (0%–100% with 10% increments)

For macro–femto network, intratier and cross-tier interference (CI) must be canceled to achieve the quality of service, better indoor coverage, and higher data rates. Moreover, for better wireless local area network (WLAN) and mobile communication services while ensuring WLAN security, appropriate temperature in modern buildings with reduced energy cost is also required. To address these issues, RadioClear

A phase-extraction technique with multiple frequencies of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar is proposed, which allows the detection of target motions exactly. An FMCW chirp signal is decomposed into multiple-frequency continuous-wave (CW) signals to extract modulated phases due to target motions. The demodulated phases at multiple frequencies are summed and averaged. Since the proposed

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In this letter, the effectiveness of a recently developed stretched coordinate (SC) perfectly matched layer (PML) formulation in the transmission line modeling (TLM) method is investigated for truncating the out-of-plane computational domain of different unit-cell-based frequency selective surface (FSS) simulations. Transmitted power is compared against various absorbing boundary conditions; the accuracy

Based on the alternating direction implicit (ADI) procedure, the complex envelope (CE) method, and the higher order (HO) concept, an unconditionally stable performance-enhanced convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) is proposed to efficiently simulate bandpass electromagnetic (EM) devices and signals in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) lattice. Through the numerical example, the proposed

Accurate electromagnetic (EM) analysis for interconnect structures of integrated circuits is challenging because multicomponent materials and multiscale geometry coexist and they will greatly deteriorate the conditioning of system matrix in the integral equation approach. We use the volume-surface integral equations (VSIEs) to describe the problem and develop a mixed method to solve the VSIEs. The

An expression for the propagation constant, cutoff frequency, and associated fields of the first two modes in a waveguide filled with a tilted slab of the dielectric is derived using the variational analysis. The solution to such a problem is divided into two parts. First, the slab is assumed to be parallel with the walls of the waveguide with no tilt. In this part, the effective permittivities of

We report on a novel compact wideband 90° twist with performance tolerant to small geometry variation and hence improved manufacturability through direct milling. The experimental verification shows 44% fractional bandwidth with return loss better than 20 dB over the 140–220 GHz band. The performance, compactness, and tolerance to manufacturing inaccuracy make it very suitable for use in various waveguide

Acoustic-wave lumped-element resonator (AWLR)-based filters with reconfigurable all-pass-to-bandstop transfer function are reported. They are based on in-series cascaded resonant stages that comprise two parallel RF signal paths, namely: 1) a thru-line and 2) an AWLR-based resonant section. Reconfigurability is achieved by altering the phase of the thru-line through varactors. In this manner, the filter

In this letter, a miniaturized half-mode fan-shaped substrate integrated waveguide (HMFSSIW) resonator is proposed to form different order of filters without increasing the size. The resonator is based on a semicircular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity with metallized vias distributed along the circumference. A metallized via located on the circle center and a semicircular ring slot etched

A slow-wave (SW) effect enhancement method based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is presented, theoretically studied, and experimentally validated. The SW effect is achieved by incorporating multi-antipodal metalized blind via-holes and distributed metal strips longitudinally connecting the bottom of upper posts. This improved SIW-based topology achieves a dramatic cutoff frequency reduction

In this letter, a nondestructive local characterization of graphene fabricated by the reduction method on graphene oxide aqueous was demonstrated by using a near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM). The dielectric properties of graphene films have been extracted to analyze the quality of graphene. Clear images of defects on graphene film were obtained by mapping the resonant frequency, $f_{r}$

A 2-D simplified memory polynomial (2D-SMP) model is proposed for concurrent dual-band power amplifiers (PAs) in this letter. The derivation of the proposed model is similar to that of the 2-D modified memory polynomial (2D-MMP) model. The 2D-SMP model consists of an in-band part and a cross-band modulation part without the envelope factors, which exist in the 2D-MMP model. Theoretical analysis shows

This letter proposes a novel methodology and a metric for the assessment of the linearizability of broadband nonlinear power amplifiers (PAs). Validation of the proposed methodology and the proposed metric on two linearized Doherty PAs (DPAs) using digital predistortion (DPD) technique was carried out and it demonstrated the suitability and appropriateness of the new metric. Different from the iterative

This letter presents a power-amplifier (PA)-stabilization technique based on the low-frequency out-of-band feedback. The proposed structure replaces a conventional stability network to ensure unconditional stability at the frequencies up to the radio-frequency (RF) operating band, with the in- and above-band frequencies stabilized through the matching network design. The approach offers an alternative

This letter presents the design of a broadband power amplifier (PA) that achieves, over the 0.45–3.4-GHz frequency band, an output power between 41.5 and 44.3 dBm and a power added efficiency (PAE) higher than 54%. A four-section transformer has been adopted as the output-matching network in order to target the impedance region defined by a simplified prediction of the power and efficiency contours

A novel class-E power amplifier (PA) using a current-injection (CI) technique is presented in this letter. An auxiliary current source, which injects the current into the load during each turn-off period of switching transistors, is introduced into the conventional class-E PA. Without the need of impedance transforming or increasing of the supply voltage, the proposed PA provides a new method to increase

This letter presents a fully integrated two-stage monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier (PA) with a 1:1 transformer balun in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 180-nm CMOS process. To optimize the performance of PA, an on-chip 1:1 turn spiral transformer balun (STB) was used with a high supply power through the cascode topology. The proposed PA achieved a 40–43-dB

This letter presents a distributed power amplifier (DPA) topology that improves both the power combining efficiency and the operation bandwidth. Multi-drive intra-stack coupling is introduced in the design of the gain cells to break the tradeoff between high output power ( $P_{\text {OUT}}$ ) requirement and the achieved bandwidth. The proposed technique also compensates for the input transmission

This letter presents a $V$ -band switchless bidirectional power amplifier-low noise amplifier (PALNA) in a SiGe:C 130-nm BiCMOS technology, featuring $\text{f}_{t}/\text{f}_{\text {max}}$ of 250/340 GHz. This bidirectional PALNA architecture avoids the use of lossy transmit–receive switches by introducing a proper matching network that insures a good isolation when the amplifier is OFF and satisfies

This work presents an all-passive harmonic rejection mixer (HRM) with watt-level in-band IIP 3 . The HRM operates in the voltage mode using resistors to scale the voltages of the different paths across the frequency cycle and therefore, attains very high linearity. The passive HRM employs a non-overlapping clock generation chain combined with duty cycle control circuit to trim the rise and fall times

This letter presents a 3–6-GHz wideband compact 6-bit phase shifter (PS) in 0.5- $\mu \text{m}$ GaAs pHEMT process. It combines a 3-bit enhanced high-pass/low-pass topology, a 2-bit modified low-pass/resonator topology, and a 1-bit switched-filter structure, with optimized cascade order to achieve a bandwidth (BW) up to 66.7%. Since the proposed PS consists of lumped elements and minimized the number

In this letter, a 24-GHz high-isolation ON–OFF keying (OOK) modulator with reduced input impedance variation in a 65-nm CMOS technology is proposed. A modified magnetic coupled triple-cascode configuration with a series inductor and two shunt transistors, which can simultaneously improve the ON/OFF isolation and reduce the input return loss variation between the ON- and OFF-states, is designed and

This work presents a new structure of center tap (CT) inductor to improve the performance of Ku -band voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). Conventional CT inductor provided by the foundry suffers from a poor-quality ( $Q$ -) factor large area and low self-resonance frequency. These problems are solved by introducing a coupling structure. For the proposed CT inductor, despite its size is miniaturized

This letter presents a compact ${W}$ -band frequency tripler implemented in a 0.13- $\mu \text{m}$ SiGe BiCMOS technology. It uses a single-balanced differential pair core overdriven as Class A amplifiers. The usage of a single-stage multiplication without any additional amplifying stage along with the on-chip transformer baluns for single-ended to differential conversions at the input and the output

Conventional two-coil wireless power transfer (WPT) systems achieve the maximum output power at the optimal distance. In the over-coupled state, in which the distance between coils is shorter than the optimal distance, the input impedance is significantly higher than that with the optimal distance. As a result, the output power at the load is dramatically decreased. In this letter, we propose a method

Mutual inductance is an important parameter for the design and optimization of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system. In this letter, a compact analytical model for mutual inductance of two coupled planar coil is proposed. The model is derived from Neumann’s integral of constant current-carrying filament with a Taylor expansion approach. It can predict mutual inductance at various lateral and angular

This letter presents efficient near-field beamforming using two-layer planar loop array resonator for magnetic resonance wireless power transfer (MR WPT). This two-layer structure provides enhanced power transfer efficiency (PTE) of two important functions by adjusting the lumped capacitance of each loop: beamforming and ability of spatial position freedom and spatial alignment freedom with the receiver

A novel waveguide-integrated rectenna with high conversion efficiency is proposed and implemented at 35 GHz in this letter. A metallic Fabry–Perot resonator antenna is designed as the receiving antenna. Using the metallic structure instead of the microstrip structure that is widely used in the conventional rectenna design, the dielectric loss is avoided and a high radiation efficiency of 95.5% is achieved

This letter describes the design, simulation, and measurement process of a series radio frequency (RF) rectifier at the 2.4 GHz ISM band, composed of a distributed filter with radial stub elements. The proposal is to reduce the first- and second-order harmonic components that are generated by the diode nonlinearities at the rectifier output. The efficiency and output voltage are presented according

The addition of RF interferometers to vector network analyzer (VNA) test benches has allowed for realization of low-noise high-frequency measurements of extreme impedance devices. However, when employing correction techniques such as the short-open-load method, the RF response of the interferometer hardware introduces measurement inaccuracies due to unwanted load-dependent inconsistencies. This letter

This letter presents a new technique for determining the polarization of the electromagnetic waves by using a passive circuit. The necessary mathematical operations required to retrieve the polarization are achieved using a passive circuit built with the cascaded Wilkinson power dividers. This technique is robust and simple, and enables the detection of all necessary characteristics for determining

This letter presents a practical method for identifying the resonance frequencies of arbitrary complex cavity within the reverberation chamber (RC). Based on a sufficient set of independent samples, the permutation entropy (PE) algorithm is used to determine the resonance frequency. For this method, the relevant parameters and regularity indicators have been defined, and the corresponding results are

This letter presents a broadband active Van Atta array system at $X$ -band, which is used for monostatic radar cross section (RCS) modulation and enhancement. The active system mainly consists of two uniform linear arrays (ULAs) and an active four-channel radio frequency (RF) amplifying circuit. By introducing the electrically modulated attenuator (EMA) into the active system, the transmission gain

In this letter, we propose an efficient solution to linearize mmWave active antenna array transmitters that suffer from beam-dependent load modulation. We consider a dense neural network that is capable of modeling the correlation between the nonlinear distortion characteristics among different beams. This allows providing consistently good linearization regardless of the beamforming direction, thus