Combined rotational surface and inclined magnetic effects on the mixed convection and melting behavior of CNT-water nanofluid in an annulus is analyzed with finite element method. Constant temperatures are used for the inner and outer walls while the inner surface is also rotating. Melting behavior and convection features are analyzed by varying different parameters such as Hartmann number, magnetic

A lattice-Boltzmann method has been employed to study the aeroacoustics and aerodynamics of airfoils equipped with leading edge treatments, namely the porous leading edge and leading edge serrations. The present study aims to identify the differences in noise reduction mechanisms between the two treatments. Within the context of turbomachinery applications, the airfoils undergo aerodynamic excitation

Intra‐procedural monitoring and post‐procedural follow‐up is necessary for a successful ablation treatment. An imaging technique which can assess the ablation geometry accurately is beneficial to monitor and evaluate treatment. In this study, we developed an automated ablation segmentation technique for serial low‐dose, noisy ablation computed tomography (CT) or contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT).

The research is to develop a novel CNN‐based adversarial deep learning method to improve and expedite the multi‐organ semantic segmentation of CT images and to generate accurate contours on pelvic CT images.

It is with great sadness that we learned that Professor Jean‐Claude Dousse passed away on June 21st, 2020. Professor Dousse was the former vice‐dean of the Faculty of Sciences and head of the Atomic and X‐Ray Physics Group at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. He was also a former member of the editorial board of the X‐Ray Spectrometry journal. Jean‐Claude's contributions to science and the scientific

We construct a numerical scheme based on the scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) approach in time and the MAC discretization in space for the Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes phase- field model, prove its energy stability, and carry out error analysis for the corresponding Cahn–Hilliard–Stokes model only. The scheme is linear, second-order, unconditionally energy stable and can be implemented very efficiently

Based on a bootstrap instability method, we prove the existence of unstable strong solutions in the sense of L1-norm to an abstract Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) problem arising from stratified viscous fluids in Lagrangian coordinates. In the proof we develop a method to modify the initial data of the linearized abstract RT problem by exploiting the existence theory of a unique solution to the stratified (steady)

The paper introduces a model of collective behavior where agents receive information only from sufficiently dense crowds in their immediate vicinity. The system is an asymmetric, density-induced version of the Cucker–Smale model with short-range interactions. We prove the basic mathematical properties of the system and concentrate on the presentation of interesting behaviors of the solutions. The results

Global optimization of a non-convex objective function often appears in large-scale machine learning and artificial intelligence applications. Recently, consensus-based optimization (CBO) methods have been introduced as one of the gradient-free optimization methods. In this paper, we provide a convergence analysis for the first-order CBO method in [J. A. Carrillo, S. Jin, L. Li and Y. Zhu, A consensus-based

A system of partial differential equations for a diffusion interface model is considered for the stationary motion of two macroscopically immiscible, viscous Newtonian fluids in a three-dimensional bounded domain. The governing equations consist of the stationary Navier–Stokes equations for compressible fluids and a stationary Cahn–Hilliard type equation for the mass concentration difference. Approximate

The hydrodynamics and thermal characteristics due to mixed convection in a vertical two-sided lid-driven differentially square cavity containing four hot cylinders in a diamond array are investigated by the lattice Boltzmann equation model. The moving walls of the cavity are cold while the others are adiabatic. The flow in the cavity is driven by both the temperature difference and the moving vertical

In this paper, meshless spectral interpolation technique using implicit time stepping scheme is proposed for the numerical simulations of time-fractional higher-order diffusion wave equations (TFHODWEs) of variable coefficients. Meshless shape functions, obtained from radial basis functions (RBFs) and point interpolation method (PIM), are used for spatial approximation. Central differences coupled

In this paper, we study the geometry of a certain class of compact dynamical horizons with a time-dependent induced metric in locally rotationally symmetric class II spacetimes. We first obtain a compactness condition for embedded 3-manifolds in these spacetimes, satisfying the weak energy condition, with non-negative isotropic pressure p. General conditions for a 3-manifold to be a dynamical horizon

We define a functional 𝒥(h) for the space of Hermitian metrics on an arbitrary Higgs bundle over a compact Kähler manifold, as a natural generalization of the mean curvature energy functional of Kobayashi for holomorphic vector bundles, and study some of its basic properties. We show that 𝒥(h) is bounded from below by a nonnegative constant depending on invariants of the Higgs bundle and the Kähler

In this paper, we utilize the enriched Galerkin (EG) finite element method for the flow equation in Biot's system, which provides a robust locally conservative flux in heterogeneous porous media. The computational algorithm to solve the coupled system with the permeability alteration is presented with the linearization and Picard's iterative scheme. The block structure is utilized for the linear system

In this paper, we consider a sorting scheme for potentially spurious scattering resonant pairs in one- and two-dimensional electromagnetic problems and in three-dimensional acoustic problems. The novel sorting scheme is based on a Lippmann-Schwinger type of volume integral equation and can, therefore, be applied to structures with graded materials as well as to configurations including piece-wise constant

This work presents efficient solution techniques for radiative transfer in the smoothed particle hydrodynamics discretization. Two choices that impact efficiency are how the material and radiation energy are coupled, which determines the number of iterations needed to converge the emission source, and how the radiation diffusion equation is solved, which must be done in each iteration. The coupled

The radiation hydrodynamics equations for smoothed particle hydrodynamics are derived by operator splitting the radiation and hydrodynamics terms, including necessary terms for material motion, and discretizing each of the sets of equations separately in time and space. The implicit radiative transfer discussed in the first paper of this series is coupled to explicit smoothed particle hydrodynamics

The aim of this work was to establish a methodological approach for creation and optimization of an atlas for auto‐contouring, using the commercial software MIM MAESTRO (MIM Software Inc. Cleveland OH).

To evaluate the accuracy of a deep learning‐based auto‐segmentation mode to that of manual contouring by one medical resident, where both entities tried to mimic the delineation "habits" of the same clinical senior physician.

Objectives To identify the competencies, behaviors, activities, and tasks required by the rehabilitation workforce, and their core values and beliefs, and validate these among rehabilitation professionals and service-users. Design Mixed methods study, involving a content analysis of rehabilitation-related competency frameworks; a modified Delphi study; and a consultation-based questionnaire of service

Objectives To identify and measure the costs of implementing an intensive comprehensive aphasia program (ICAP). Design Retrospective cost analysis of a clinical ICAP. Cost inputs were gathered directly from the provider of the ICAP. We performed several sensitivity analyses to examine major cost drivers and to separate start-up costs from operating costs. Setting Urban rehabilitation hospital. Participants

Background Prone positioning improves oxygenation in adult respiratory distress syndrome. This procedure has been widely used during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, this procedure can also be responsible for nerve damage and plexopathy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a series of 7 infectious COVID-19 patients who underwent prone positioning ventilation at the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan (Italy)

The Institute of Medicine (now the National Academy of Medicine) has proposed a Learning Heath System (LHS) as a model to improve health care. A LHS focuses on capturing data from the clinical encounter and applying those data to improve practice. The process can be described as an iterative learning cycle composed of three areas: performance to data, data to knowledge, and knowledge to performance

Objective To evaluate the quality of descriptions of interventions in health care research reports, based on a synthesis of reviews that used the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) to rate the completeness and quality of intervention reporting. Design Overview of published reviews. In a systematic search of the literature, 56 review articles were retrieved that had evaluated

Objective To develop clinically relevant interpretive standards for the Spinal Cord Injury – Functional Index/Capacity (SCI-FI/C) Basic Mobility and Self-Care item bank scores. Design Modified “bookmarking” standard-setting methodology, including two stakeholder consensus meetings with individuals with SCI and SCI clinicians, respectively, and a final, combined (consumers and clinicians) “convergence”

Objective To study the short-term effect of bilateral transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) on urodynamic study (UDM) parameters in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). Design Single-blinded sham-controlled study. Setting Rehabilitation center. Participants Seventeen SCI patients with NDO were recruited. Fifteen patients (mean age 40±18 years) completed

The construction of semiconductor-based nanoheterostructures toward achieving high efficient solar-to-fuel conversion is greatly limited by the insufficient electron-hole separation and the narrow spectrum range of light absorption. In this work, a novel Mn0.5Cd0.5S solid solution decorated with robust and multifunctional MoO2 and Au nanoparticles (NPs) has been constructed by a facile two-step route:

The purpose of the study was to examine effects of verbalization of affective experience on heart-rate variability and emotions (HRV). We measured HRV of 35 subjects while they were viewing and verbalizing 48 affective pictures (IAPS). Our results showed that sympathetic activity was lower and parasympathetic activity higher when subjects were verbalizing unpleasant pictures than it was when they were

We demonstrate an ultra-stable, highly dense single-molecule assay ideal for observing protein-DNA interactions. Stable click Tethered Particle Motion (scTPM) leverages next generation click-chemistry to achieve an ultrahigh density of surface tethered reporter particles, has a high antifouling resistance, is stable at elevated temperatures to at least 45 °C, and is compatible with Mg2+, an important

Receptor recognition and subsequent membrane fusion are essential for the establishment of successful infection by SARS-CoV-2. Halting these steps can cure COVID-19. Here we have identified and characterized a potent human monoclonal antibody, HB27, that blocks SARS-CoV-2 attachment to its cellular receptor at sub-nM concentrations. Remarkably, HB27 can also prevent SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion. Consequently

Cells across all kingdoms of life actively partition molecules between discrete cellular compartments. In Gram-positive bacteria, a thick and highly cross-linked peptidoglycan cell wall separates the bacterial membrane from the extracellular space, imposing a barrier that must be crossed by proteins whose functions require that they be exposed on the bacterial cell surface. Some surface-exposed proteins

Through the insertion of nonpolar side chains into the bilayer, the hydrophobic effect has long been accepted as a driving force for membrane protein folding. However, how the changing chemical composition of the bilayer affects the magnitude side chain transfer free energies (ΔG°sc) has historically not been well understood. A particularly challenging region for experimental interrogation is the bilayer

The thermal freeze-out mechanism for relic dark matter heavier than O(10 − 100 TeV) requires cross-sections that violate perturbative unitarity. Yet the existence of dark matter heavier than these scales is certainly plausible from a particle physics perspective, pointing to the need for a non-thermal cosmological history for such theories. Topological dark matter is a well-motivated scenario of this

We consider an analogue of Witten’s SL(2, ℤ) action on three-dimensional QFTs with U(1) symmetry for 2k-dimensional QFTs with ℤ2 (k − 1)-form symmetry. We show that the SL(2, ℤ) action only closes up to a multiplication by an invertible topological phase whose partition function is the Brown-Kervaire invariant of the spacetime manifold. We interpret it as part of the SL(2, ℤ) anomaly of the bulk (2k

A classical result from analytic number theory by Rademacher gives an exact formula for the Fourier coefficients of modular forms of non-positive weight. We apply similar techniques to study the spectrum of two-dimensional unitary conformal field theories, with no extended chiral algebra and c > 1. By exploiting the full modular constraints of the partition function we propose an expression for the

Correlators of unitary quantum field theories in Lorentzian signature obey certain analyticity and positivity properties. For interacting unitary CFTs in more than two dimensions, we show that these properties impose general constraints on families of minimal twist operators that appear in the OPEs of primary operators. In particular, we rederive and extend the convexity theorem which states that for

Doubly Cabibbo-suppressed (DCS) nonleptonic weak decays of antitriplet charmed baryons are studied systematically in this work. The factorizable and nonfactorizable contributions can be classified explicitly in the topological-diagram approach and treated separately. In particular, the evaluation of nonfactorizable terms is based on the pole model in conjunction with current algebra. All three types

We study generic properties of string theory effective actions obtained by classically integrating out massive excitations from string field theories based on cyclic homotopy algebras of A∞ or L∞ type. We construct observables in the UV theory and we discuss their fate after integration-out. Furthermore, we discuss how to compose two subsequent integrations of degrees of freedom (horizontal composition)

Recently, Kim, Shiu and Vafa proposed general consistency conditions for six dimensional supergravity theories with minimal supersymmetry coming from couplings to strings. We test them in explicit perturbative orientifold models in order to unravel the microscopic origin of these constraints. Based on the perturbative data, we conjecture the existence of null charges Q∙Q = 0 for any six-dimensional

The \( \mathcal{CP} \) structure of the Higgs boson in its coupling to the particles of the Standard Model is amongst the most important Higgs boson properties which have not yet been constrained with high precision. In this study, all relevant inclusive and differential Higgs boson measurements from the ATLAS and CMS experiments are used to constrain the \( \mathcal{CP} \)-nature of the top-Yukawa

Reliability engineering concerned with failure of technical inanimate systems usually uses the vocabulary and notions of human mortality, e.g., infant mortality vs. senescence mortality. Yet, few data are available to support such a parallel description. Here, we focus on early-stage (infant) mortality for two inanimate systems, incandescent light bulbs and soap films, and show the parallel description