Interest in spectral computed tomography (CT) for diagnostics and therapy evaluation has been growing. Data acquisitions with distinct spectral sensitivities provide the ability to discriminate multiple materials, quantitative density estimates, and reduced artifacts due to energy dependencies. We introduce a novel spectral CT concept that includes a fine-pitch grid structure for prefiltration of the

OpenSBLI is an open-source code-generation system for compressible fluid dynamics (CFD) on heterogeneous computing architectures. Written in Python, OpenSBLI is an explicit high-order finite-difference solver on structured curvilinear meshes. Shock-capturing is performed by a choice of high-order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) or Targeted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (TENO) schemes. OpenSBLI

Understanding the intricate properties of one-dimensional quantum systems coupled to multiple reservoirs poses a challenge to both analytical approaches and simulation techniques. Fortunately, density matrix renormalization group-based tools, which have been widely used in the study of closed systems, have also been recently extended to the treatment of open systems. We present an implementation of

In this paper, the acoustic field with the presence of poro-elastic materials is simulated by the eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM). Problems involving interfaces between different media are our main focus. The proposed method allows interfaces to be embedded in the finite elements, easing significantly the discretization, especially when the geometry of the interface is complex. The gradient

Two vibration control devices using the tuned inerter enhanced TMD are introduced to suppress the vibration of Euler–Bernoulli beam-model in this paper. The two tuned inerter enhanced TMD systems are improved on the basis of the classical TMD system by replacing its damper element with the newly developed tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) and tuned inerter damper (TID), respectively. The equations of

The reproduction of the vibration and acoustic responses of structures under random excitation such as the diffuse acoustic field or the turbulent boundary layer is of particular interest to researchers and the transportation industry (automobile, aeronautics, etc.). In practice, the characterization of structures under random excitations requires making in-situ measurements or using test facilities

The implementation of finite element methods (FEMs) for nonlocal models with a finite range of interaction poses challenges not faced in the partial differential equations (PDEs) setting. For example, one has to deal with weak forms involving double integrals which lead to discrete systems having higher assembly and solving costs due to possibly much lower sparsity compared to that of FEMs for PDEs

Accurate modeling of the electronic structure of warm dense matter is a challenging problem whose solution would allow a better understanding of material properties like equation of state, opacity, and conductivity, with resulting applications from astrophysics to fusion energy research. Here we explore the real-space Green’s function method as a technique for solving the Kohn–Sham density functional

Abstract Objective Local thermal ablation, a minimally invasive technique, has been widely used in clinical treatment of lung cancer. This study aimed to discuss the clinical efficacy of systemic chemotherapy combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) versus systemic chemotherapy combined with microwave ablation (MWA) in treating lung cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis involving 124 lung cancer

Abstract Background High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) serves as a noninvasive stereotactic system for the ablation of brain metastases; however, treatments are limited to simple geometries and energy delivery is limited by the high acoustic attenuation of the calvarium. Minimally-invasive magnetic resonance-guided robotically-assisted (MRgRA) needle-based therapeutic ultrasound (NBTU) using

Abstract Purpose Ultrasound-guided thermal ablation (including microwave ablation [MWA] and radiofrequency ablation [RFA]) has emerged as a remarkable technology for the treatment of benign and malignant diseases. The objective of this multicenter study was to assess the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation in a large cohort of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Materials and

A new medical linear accelerator (linac) platform integrated with helical computed tomography (CT), the uRT-linac 506c, was introduced into clinical application in 2019 by United Imaging Healthcare (UIH) Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). It combines a Carm linac with a diagnostic-quality 16-slice CT imager, providing seamless workflow from simulation to treatment. The aim of this report is to assess the

In this study, 4-Hz log files were evaluated with an independent secondary Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm to reduce the workload for patient-specific quality assurance (QA) in clinical routine.

This study aimed to assess dosimetric indices of RapidPlan model-based plans for different energies (6, 8, 10, and 15 MV; 6- and 10-MV flattening filter-free), multileaf collimator (MLC) types (Millennium 120, High Definition 120, dual-layer MLC), and disease sites (head and neck, pancreatic, and rectal cancer) and compare these parameters with those of clinical plans.

We calculated the dosimetric indices and estimated the tumor control probability (TCP) considering six degree-of-freedom (6DoF) patient setup errors in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using a single-isocenter technique.

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the complete integrability of first order N–dimensional differential systems. We propose a new method to determine in the Jacobi Theorem the last N−1 first integral for the complete integrability of an N–dimensional differential system with N−2 independent first integrals and with a Jacobi multiplier. As an application we study the complete integrability

In this paper, we prove that every homogeneous Landsberg surface has isotropic flag curvature. Using this particular form of the flag curvature, we prove a rigidity result on the homogeneous Landsberg surfaces. Indeed, we prove that every homogeneous Landsberg surface is Riemannian or locally Minkowskian. Thus, we give an affirmative answer to the Xu-Deng's well-known conjecture in two-dimensional

In many physical situations, variable-coefficient nonlinear partial differential equations provide us with more realistic aspects of media inhomogeneities and boundary nonuniformities than constant-coefficient. In this research, we extract some new structures of lump solutions to some important nonlinear equations with variable coeffiecients. The equations under consideration are the (2+1)-dimensional

Euler’s instability criterion is widely used in engineering to design a column. However, this criterion is not suitable for judging the instability of a three-dimensional printing process because the axial motion of the printing jet has to be considered. A variational principle is established, and an equivalent Eulerian load is obtained. The theoretical results show that a higher printing velocity

In this paper, we focus on the supersymmetric model with left-right (LR) symmetry, that is especially proposed in our previous work [1]. In this model, there are four Higgs doublets in order to realize the Standard Model (SM) fermion masses and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. The heavy Higgs doublets unavoidably have flavor changing couplings to the SM fermions and induce flavor-changing neutral

A physics-based data-driven computational framework for the quantitative analysis of vortex kinematics and vortex-induced loads in vortex-dominated problems is presented. Such flows are characterized by the dominant influence of a small number of vortex structures, but the complexity of these flows makes it difficult to conduct a quantitative analysis of this influence at the level of individual vortices

This paper presents a new deep learning data-driven model for predicting structure dependent pore-fluid velocity fields in rock. The model is based on a Convolutional Auto-Encoder (CAE) artificial neural network capable of learning from image data generated by direct numerical simulations of fluid flow through pore-structures, such as by Lattice Boltzmann or molecular dynamics methods. The main novelty

Virtual screening is receiving renewed attention in drug discovery, but progress is hampered by challenges on two fronts: handling the ever increasing sizes of libraries of drug-like compounds, and separating true positives from false positives. Here we developed a machine learning-enabled pipeline for large-scale virtual screening that promises breakthroughs on both fronts. By clustering compounds

There is a growing appreciation of the importance of drug-target binding kinetics for lead optimization. For G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which mediate signaling over a wide range of timescales, the drug dissociation rate is often a better predictor of in vivo efficacy than binding affinity, although it is more challenging to compute. Here, we assess the ability of the τ-Random Acceleration

Membrane fusion is required for essential processes from neurotransmission to fertilization. For over 40 years protein-free fusion driven by calcium or other cationic species has provided a simplified model of biological fusion, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Cation-mediated membrane fusion and permeation are essential in their own right to drug delivery strategies based on cell-penetrating

The sperm calcium channel CatSper plays a central role in successful fertilization as a primary Ca2+ gateway into the sperm flagellum. However, the complex subunit composition of CatSper has impeded its reconstitution in vitro and structural elucidation. Here, we applied cryo-electron tomography to visualize the macromolecular organization of the native CatSper channel complex in intact mammalian sperm

A kind of tapered segmented cladding fiber (T-SCF) with large mode area (LMA) is proposed, and the mode and amplification characteristics of T-SCFs with concave, linear, and convex tapered structures are investigated based on finite-element method (FEM) and few-mode steady-state rate equation. Simulation results indicate that the concave tapered structure can introduce high loss for high-order modes

The adsorption of various environmental gas molecules, including H2, N2, CO, CO2, O2, NO, NO2, SO2 H2O, H2S, NH3 and CH4, on the surface of the recently synthesized two dimensional MoSi2N4 (MSN) monolayer has been investigated by means of spin-polarized first-principles calculations. The most stable adsorption configuration, adsorption energy, and charge transfer have been computed. Due to the weak

We present here an in-depth comprehensive study on the interplay between nitrogen (N) and various point defects in ZnO nanorods (NRs) implanted with 50 keV N ions with fluences from 1×1014 to 1×1016 ions/cm2 followed by a thermal annealing at 450 °C separately in Ar, O2 and excess Zn ambiences. Detailed X-ray diffractometry results reveal that N implantation induced structural damages increase sharply

In this work, a simple and efficient method for producing high radionuclidic purity 111In from an enriched 112Cd target was developed. The enriched 112Cd metal target formed by cyanide-free electroplating was bombarded with protons of 21 MeV in a CS-30 cyclotron. Then, we explored a purification scheme using CL-P204 cation exchange resin wherein 98% of the 111In in the bombarded target could be extracted

We compute the vacuum fermion current in the (2+1) dimensional Jackiw-Rossi model by using the 1/m expansion. The current is expressed through a weighted η-function with a matrix weight. In the presence of such a weight, the usual proof of topological nature of η(0) is no longer applicable. Direct computations confirm the following surprising result; the fermion number induced by vortices in the Jackiw-Rossi

The effects of geometry, Stefan number based on melting temperature differential, and subcooling of a phase change material (PCM) on the onset of natural convection have been reported in Part I of this paper. In this second part, the effects of Fourier, Grashof, and Rayleigh numbers are reported. The melting of n-octadecane and dodecanoic acid in horizontal cylindrical enclosures heated from the center-tubes

Astronauts under weightlessness or microgravity would have differences in thermal comfort due to several adaptive physiological changes caused by the absence of the gravity. In this study, the Mahalanobis distance discriminant was conducted to investigate the classifications of the mean thermal comfort votes (MTCV) in weightlessness, in terms of the ratio of low-frequency power (LF) and high-frequency

In this study, the effect of natural convection affected by gas radiation on a spatially developing boundary layer was investigated through large-eddy simulations to evaluate the interaction between natural convection and thermal radiation in an open environment, wherein Tollmien–Schlichting instabilities dominate. The gas radiation was calculated using the discrete ordinate method considering gray

In this paper, the notion of sequential -metric spaces has been introduced as a generalization of usual -metric spaces, -metric spaces, metric spaces, and specially of -metric spaces. In view of this notion, we prove some fixed point theorems for some classes of -rational Geraghty JS-contractions over such spaces. A supporting example and an application have been given in order to examine the validity

We give a covariant realization of the doubled sigma-model formulation of duality-symmetric string theory within the general framework of para-Hermitian geometry. We define a notion of generalized metric on a para-Hermitian manifold and discuss its relation to Born geometry. We show that a Born geometry uniquely defines a worldsheet sigma-model with a para-Hermitian target space, and we describe its

We consider a compartmental model adapted to the case of COVID-19 that takes into account the detection of ill individuals and the cost of medical treatment and investigate the effect of a budget constraint. Our analysis shows how the collapse of the budget can drastically change the outcome of an epidemics. We see how with a good testing policy the epidemic might be controllable. By introducing a

In this work, a mathematical model of the fractional-order in non-Newtonian Powell–Eyring fluid flow (PEFF) and heat transfer is presented and solved numerically. The set of nonlinear differential equations in terms of velocity, temperature which describes our proposed problem is tackled through the spectral collocation method based on Chebyshev polynomials of the third kind. This method reduces the

Supersonic vehicles are subject not only to aerodynamic heating, but also to different acoustics, one of which is aeroacoustic induced by pressure fluctuation of high speed flow. The state-of-art structure sonic fatigue analysis is conducted by using uniformly distributed random White Gaussian Noise (WGN). However, uniformly distributed excitation is usually not consistent with the actual situation

In the present study, pump-probe thermal lens spectroscopy was used to probe the thermal behavior and molecular interactions in the binary liquid mixtures of acetone, and 1-alkanol. Values of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and thermo-optical parameters were measured for the above liquids. Experimental measurement for the pure state and binary fluids are in good agreement with the literature

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a versatile technique to evaluate the intracellular molecular exchange called turnover. Physicochemical models of FRAP typically consider the molecular diffusion and chemical reaction that simultaneously occur on a time scale of seconds to minutes. Particularly for long-term measurements, however, an advection effect can no longer be ignored, which