Monte Carlo generation of high energy particle collisions is a critical tool for both theoretical and experimental particle physics, connecting perturbative calculations to phenomenological models, and theory predictions to full detector simulation. The generation of minimum bias events can be particularly computationally expensive, where non-perturbative effects play an important role and specific

An exact momentum update useful for particle codes was previously given. The expressions involved were unwieldy. By treating the momentum as a representation of SU(2)×SU(2) instead of SO(3,1), a more compact expression for the exact momentum update is obtained. An expansion in powers of the timestep can be formulated such that invariance properties are exactly preserved, and push rates comparable to

We present the GPU version of DeePMD-kit, which, upon training a deep neural network model using ab initio data, can drive extremely large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with ab initio accuracy. Our tests show that for a water system of 12,582,912 atoms, the GPU version can be 7 times faster than the CPU version under the same power consumption. The code can scale up to the entire Summit

The confinement of CO2 in deep geothermal reservoirs as a means of mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is continuously motivating research on the retention capacity of these deep aquifers. An important physical containment mechanism is related with CO2 dissolution and thermo-solutal convection. In this context, numerical simulations are performed in this work to assess the effect of inclination

The emerging applications of nanofluids in heat transfer makes it imperative to study their viscous properties. The knowledge and assessment of physical properties with changes in concentration and temperature are essential for the practical applications of nanofluids. The first part of the current study is the synthesis of Titania (TiO2) nanotubes via a conventional method. The experimental investigation

In this work, hydrodynamics and heat transfer of alumina–water nanofluid in a microchannel heat sink (MCHS) are simulated and discussed. Attention in focused to analyze how the use of nanofluids as well as vertical/horizontal porous substrates on the channel walls may alter performance of the system, compared to other design variables. To this aim, a three–dimensional solid–fluid conjugate model in

An analytic approach is utilized to investigate the heat transfer mechanism in nanofluids containing spherical nanoelements. The transient thermal conduction process in a cylindrical geometry is assessed according to the Dual-Phase-Lag (DuPhlag) model and then compared with the classic Fourier solution. For the first several seconds, the wire temperature values calculated by the two models as well

The use of a cross-tie is one of the effective countermeasures to suppress the undesired stay cable vibrations. It has been successfully applied on different cable-stayed bridges but the mechanics behind the cross-tie are not fully understood. Most of the studies dedicated to understand the dynamic behavior of the cable network assumed the main cables as taut cables. This assumption is acceptable on

The curved acoustic black hole (ABH), a thin structure with a curved baseline and a thickness that tapers according to a power law, has been proposed and investigated numerically and experimentally as a candidate for an effective and compact absorber of flexural waves. To understand physically the wave motions within a curved ABH and to utilize a spiral ABH in practical applications, systematic investigations

Planetary subassemblies in wind turbine gearbox are subject to compound faults due to harsh environment and complex structure. Disturbed by the meshing vibration from higher-speed transmission stage and intensive noise, fault diagnosis of planetary subassemblies with low rotational speed is challenging. In this paper, a tunable Q-factor wavelet transform based sparse representation method is proposed

This study aims to experimentally validate the Monte Carlo generated absorbed doses from the beta particles emitted by 90Y and 177Lu using radiochromic EBT3 film‐based dosimetry.

In this work, the generalized Robin–Regge problem with complex coefficients is investigated. Two new uniqueness theorems are proved for the inverse spectral problems, and the corresponding algorithms are also provided. For one of the inverse spectral problems, the local stability and solvability are discussed by using a constructive algorithm related to the property of Riesz basis.

We observe that the iterated tangent group of a Lie group may be realized as a double cross product of the 2nd order tangent group, with the Lie algebra of the base Lie group. Based on this observation, we derive the 2nd order Euler–Lagrange equations on the 2nd order tangent group from the 1st order Euler–Lagrange equations on the iterated tangent group. We also present in detail the 2nd order Lagrangian

The Askey–Wilson algebra is realized in terms of the elements of the quantum algebras Uq(𝔰𝔲(2)) or Uq(𝔰𝔲(1,1)). A new realization of the Racah algebra in terms of the Lie algebras 𝔰𝔲(2) or 𝔰𝔲(1,1) is also given. Details for different specializations are provided. The advantage of these new realizations is that one generator of the Askey–Wilson (or Racah) algebra becomes diagonal in the usual

We study a critical exponent of the flocking behavior to the one-dimensional 1D Cucker–Smale (C–S) model with a regular inverse power law communication on a general network with a spanning tree. For this, we propose a new nonlinear functional which can control the velocity diameter and decays exponentially fast as time goes on. As an application of the time-evolution of the nonlinear functional, we

We consider the electric field integral equation (EFIE) modeling the scattering of time-harmonic electromagnetic waves at a perfectly conducting screen. When discretizing the EFIE by means of low-order Galerkin boundary methods (BEM), one obtains linear systems that are ill-conditioned on fine meshes and for low wave numbers k. This makes iterative solvers perform poorly and entails the use of preconditioning

Urban crime such as residential burglary is a social problem in every major urban area. As such, many mathematical models have been proposed to study the collective behavior of these crimes. In [V. B. Pasour, G. E. Tita, P. J. Brantingham, A. L. Bertozzi, M. B. Short, M. R. D’Orsogna and L. B. Chayes, A statistical model of crime behavior, Math. Methods Appl. Sci107 (2008) 1249–1267; M. B. Short, A

We consider linear reaction systems with slow and fast reactions, which can be interpreted as master equations or Kolmogorov forward equations for Markov processes on a finite state space. We investigate their limit behavior if the fast reaction rates tend to infinity, which leads to a coarse-grained model where the fast reactions create microscopically equilibrated clusters, while the exchange mass

In this work, merging ideas from compatible discretisations and polyhedral methods, we construct novel fully discrete polynomial de Rham sequences of arbitrary degree on polygons and polyhedra. The spaces and operators that appear in these sequences are directly amenable to computer implementation. Besides proving the exactness, we show that the usual three-dimensional sequence of trimmed Finite Element

A combined Finite Element Method with Normal Mode (FEM-NM) is proposed for calculation of the acoustic field radiated by a three-dimensional structural source in shallow water. The FEM is used to calculate the near range acoustic field, then the modes expansion at the vertical and azimuthal direction is performed at a certain coupling range. Hence, the true three-dimensional acoustic field at any range

Surface waves have been extensively studied in earthquake seismology. Surface waves are trapped near an infinitely large surface. The displacements decay exponentially with depth. These waves are also named Rayleigh and Love waves. Surface waves are also used for nondestructive testing of surface defects. Similar waves exist in finite width three-dimensional plates. In this case, displacements are

Deep Learning research is advancing at a fantastic rate, and there is much to gain from transferring this knowledge to older fields like Computational Fluid Dynamics in practical engineering contexts. This work compares state-of-the-art methods that address uncertainty quantification in Deep Neural Networks, pushing forward the reduced-order modeling approach of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition-Neural

We present Star–Triangle Relations (STRs), a Mathematica® package designed to solve Feynman diagrams by means of the method of uniqueness in any Euclidean space-time dimension. The method of uniqueness is a powerful technique to solve multi-loop Feynman integrals in theories with conformal symmetry imposing some relations between the powers of propagators and the space-time dimension. In our algorithm

Industrial Computed Tomography (ICT) is a radiation based cross sectional imaging technique that requires a sample to be manipulated precisely in a specific geometry to acquire analytically useful data. Unlike medical CT, industrial CT may require use of gamma radiation from radio-isotopes like Co60, Cs137 etc. having higher energy radiations for penetrating through higher density and thickness of

In this paper, the compensated neutron logging is transformed into the Thermal Neutron Cross Section Logging (TNXS) to improve the application effect. Because the compensated neutron logging measures the neutron count, TNXS cannot be directly measured by the compensated neutron logging tool. Moreover, the thermal neutron ratio cannot be directly converted into the TNXS due to the influence of lithology

A method for preparing 125I brachytherapy seeds is presented. Carbon bars were used as the substrates, on which a silver coating was deposited by electroless plating, and then, 125I was adsorbed by iodinating the silver coating so as to prepare source cores. The radioactive cores were sealed individually in the titanium capsule to fabricate the 125I brachytherapy seeds. Quality control checking of

We have carried out calculations for cross sections of 102Pd(n,2n)101Pd, 110Pd(n,2n)109Pd, 106Cd(n,2n)105Cd, 108Cd(n,2n)107Cd, 110Cd(n,2n)109Cd, 114Cd(n,2n)113Cd and 116Cd(n,2n)115Cd reactions via nuclear models which are based on the equilibrium and pre-equilibrium emissions in the interactions of nuclei with neutron particles. The cross sections were determined by means of the model codes EMPIRE

We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for Poincaré Lie superalgebras in any dimension and signature to be isomorphic. This reduces the classification problem, up to certain discrete operations, to classifying the orbits of the Schur group on the vector space of superbrackets. We then classify four-dimensional 𝒩=2 supersymmetry algebras, which are found to be unique in Euclidean and in neutral

Following the classification up to isomorphism of 𝒩=2 Poincaré Lie superalgebras in four dimensions with arbitrary signature obtained in a companion paper, we present off-shell vector multiplet representations and invariant Lagrangians realizing these algebras. By dimensional reduction of five-dimensional off-shell vector multiplets, we obtain two representations in each four-dimensional signature

The stability of two different bounce scenarios from F(R,𝒢) modified gravity at later times is studied, namely a hyperbolic cosine bounce model and a matter-dominated one. After describing the main characteristics of F(R,𝒢) modified gravity, the two different bounce scenarios stemming from this theory are reconstructed and their stability at late stages is discussed. The stability of the hyperbolic

In the existing speech enhancement methods based on deep neural network (DNN), the network architectures are not designed for speech enhancement specially, which extract local features of noisy speech in a non-causal way. In this paper, inspired by the feature calculation method based on the time-frequency correlation in the improved minima controlled recursive averaging (IMCRA), by using the long

We address the problem of suppressing musical noise from speech enhanced using a short-time processing algorithm. Enhancement algorithms rely on noise statistics and errors in estimating the statistics lead to residual noise in the enhanced signal. A frequently encountered residual noise type is the so-called musical noise, which is a consequence of spurious peaks occurring at random locations in the

The concept of using special electrical circuit design to realize “cold resistors”, i.e., an active resistor circuitry with lower effective noise temperature, was first introduced about 80 years ago. Later on, various kinds of artificial resistors were applied in different research areas, such as gravitational wave detection, photo-amplifiers and quartz oscillators. Their proofs of concepts were experimentally

Prior to its discovery, O+ from the Earth's high-latitude ionosphere was not expected to be present in any significant amount in the magnetosphere. It is now known that O+ can dominate ionospheric outflow and dominate magnetotail composition during geomagnetically active times. Observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission are used here to illustrate properties of O+ in the dayside

The successful implantation depends on the favorable biocompatibility of the implant. In this paper,microgrooves on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy implants were made by laser processing technology,scanning electron microscopy and surface profilometer were used to observe the laser textured titanium samples,firstly. Then, the liquid-solid contact angle-measuring instrument was used to characterize

The influence of quantum radiative effect and electrical resistivity incorporating the Hall current is studied on the Jeans instability of magnetized plasma. The basic equation of the problem is constructed and linearized by using the QMHD model. The general dispersion relation is derived using a normal mode technique and discussed in the parallel and perpendicular propagation. In the case of longitudinal

Background and aims Surgical resection is currently the cornerstone of liver tumor treatment in children. In adults radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an established minimally invasive treatment option for small focal liver tumors. Multiprobe stereotactic RFA (SRFA) with intraoperative image fusion to confirm ablation margins allows treatment for large lesions. We describe our experience with SRFA in

Atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising semiconductor material for integrated flexible electronics due to its excellent mechanical, optical and electronic properties. However, the fabrication of large-scale MoS2-based flexible integrated circuits with high device density and performance remains a challenge. Here, we report the fabrication of transparent MoS2-based transistors and

The potential airborne transmission of COVID-19 has raised significant concerns regarding the safety of musical activities involving wind instruments. However, currently, there is a lack of systematic study and quantitative information of the aerosol generation during these instruments, which is crucial for offering risk assessment and the corresponding mitigation strategies for the reopening of these

The Ca-ATPase isoform 2a (SERCA2a) re-sequesters cytosolic Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of cardiac myocytes, enabling muscle relaxation during diastole. A central factor in heart failure is abnormally high cytosolic [Ca2+], resulting in pathophysiology and decreased cardiac performance. Therefore, augmentation of the SERCA2a Ca2+ transport activity is a promising therapeutic approach.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of transmembrane proteins, making them an important target for therapeutics. Activation of these receptors is modulated by orthosteric ligands, which stabilize one or several states within a complex conformational ensemble. The intra- and inter-state dynamics, however, is not well documented. Here, we used single-molecule fluorescence to measure

Cytoplasmic dynein is the primary motor for microtubule minus-end-directed transport and is indispensable to eukaryotic cells. Although each motor domain of dynein contains three active AAA+ ATPases (AAA1, 3, and 4), only the functions of AAA1 and 3 are known. Here, we use single-molecule fluorescence and optical tweezers studies to elucidate the role of AAA4 in dynein's mechanochemical cycle. We demonstrate

Biological membranes have been prominent targets for coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. While minimal CG lipid models with three-beads per lipid and quantitative CG lipid models with >10-beads per lipid have been well studied, in between them, CG lipid models with a compatible resolution to residue-level CG protein models are much less developed. Here, we extended a previously

Filopodia are actin-rich structures, present on the surface of practically every known eukaryotic cell. These structures play a pivotal role in specific cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions by allowing cells to explore their environment, generate mechanical forces, perform chemical signaling, or convey signals via intercellular tunneling nano-bridges. The dynamics of filopodia appear quite complex

Fluorescence microscopy has been one of the most discovery-rich methods in biology. In the digital age, the discipline is becoming increasingly quantitative. Virtually all biological laboratories have access to fluorescence microscopes, but abilities to quantify biomolecule copy numbers are limited by the complexity and sophistication associated with current quantification methods. Here, we present

Structured RNA elements are essential for biology and are ubiquitously used by viruses to control diverse infection-critical processes. Single-stranded RNA viruses often encode multiple processes into a single RNA element to maximize the functional capacity of their compact genomes. These important and elegant 'multifunctional' RNAs are hypothesized to use programmed structural changes to coordinate

Capillary forces are driven by interactions between liquids and surfaces. These forces are crucial for many processes ranging from biology and physics to engineering, such as the motion of aquatic insects on the surface of water, modulation of the material properties of spider silk, and self-assembly of small objects and microstructures. Recent studies have shown that cells assemble biomolecular condensates

Structure determination methods are needed to resolve the atomic details that underlie protein function. X-ray crystallography has provided most of our knowledge of protein structure but is constrained by the need for large, well-ordered crystals and the loss of phase information. The rapidly developing methods of serial femtosecond crystallography, micro-electron diffraction, and single-particle reconstruction