The supercritical CO2 biomass gasification technology can both reduce CO2 to produce CO gas and efficiently utilize biomass energy. This study employs a supersonic nozzle to achieve clean separation of gas products from supercritical CO2 biomass gasification, enabling CO2 recycling and reducing the cost of further CO purification. Numerical simulation results indicate that the inlet conditions of the

In this study the individual effects of water/binder (0.44, 0.35, 0.30, and 0.25), polycarboxylate superplasticizer- PCE (0.07 wt%, 0.14 wt%, and 0.21 wt%), defoamer-DF (0.5 % and 1 %), and silica fume-SF (10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt%) admixtures in oil well cement Class G properties were investigated before and after exposure to CO2 under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) of 150 bar and 70°C

This work aims at preliminary evaluating the techno-economic feasibility of a biolubricant production process starting from lignin and waste cooking oil, to be integrated in a lignocellulosic biorefinery. A phenyl-branched FAMEs mixture is obtained, which exhibit improved lubricity and oxidative stability compared to standard FAMEs-based biolubricants. The product is obtained exploiting aromatic hydrocarbons

Both experimental and theoretical studies of drug solubility in supercritical CO2 are essential for optimizing supercritical techniques in pharmaceutical formulation. This study explores the solubility of Chlorothiazide and Chloroquine, two drugs with low solubility and bioavailability, in supercritical CO₂ using various theoretical models, including empirical models, a non-cubic equation of state

The recovery of bioactive compounds from spent hops from dry-hopping was obtained by pressurized liquid (PLE) and supercritical fluids (SFE) with cosolvent. PLE was performed at 10 MPa, with 50, 75, and 100 wt% ethanol in water at 70, 90, and 110 °C. SFE was performed using carbon dioxide with 10 wt% ethanol at 15, 25, and 35 MPa, and 40, 50, and 60 °C. The extracts were evaluated in terms of global

Distillation has been widely applied for the recovery of Tagetes patula L. essential oil, while fractional supercritical fluid extraction of this plant with carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) remains underexplored and data on the volatiles and phytochemicals in CO2 extracts have not been reported. This study investigated the fractionation of T. patula flowers using supercritical CO2, with initial extraction

High-quality, efficient dye and pigment nanoparticles are ideal for supercritical dyeing in the textile industry, an eco-friendly and water-free dyeing method. This study investigates the precipitation of Yellow 2G nanoparticles, an azo dye, via the supercritical gas anti-solvent (GAS) process under varying pressures (10 MPa, 12.5 MPa, and 15 MPa), solute concentrations (0.1 mg.ml−1, 0.3 mg.ml−1, and

Upcycling of disposed photovoltaic backsheets plays important role in sustainable development of the photovoltaic industrial chain. However, the melt strength of the main component (rPET) decreased dramatically after long-term outside exposure, it is still challenging to develop a rPET-based microcellular thermal-insulation foam. Herein, we utilize a crystalline-amorphous network (CAN) strategy to

Cryogenic Minimum Quantity Lubrication (cMQL) with oil and liquid or supercritical CO2 provides efficient cooling and lubrication for machining difficult-to-cut materials. For drilling, oil and CO2 should be in a single-phase state to avoid separation in the fast-rotating drill spindle before expanding at the drill tip. This article presents the phase behavior, dissolution kinetics and expansion behavior

Polyolefin elastomer (POE) foam with a novel open-cell structure, termed the island open-cell structure, was fabricated by melt blending two kinds of POE with distinct melting points, followed by foaming using a mixture of CO₂ and N₂ as blowing agents. The formation and evolution mechanisms of the unique open-cell structure were elucidated through gas solubility test and high-pressure rheology, focusing

Crosslinking behavior of liquid silicone rubber (LSR) in CO2 is important for regulation of cell structure of LSR foam. In LSR system, introduction of CO2 can change the crosslinking reaction, but the effect of the crosslinking in CO2 on foaming behavior is not clear. Here, LSR was saturated at 40 °C and 10 MPa CO2 in order to introducing more CO2 to investigate crosslinking in CO2 and foaming behavior

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction was used to debitter Andean lupin beans (Lupinus mutabilis, SWEET) by separating quinolizidine alkaloids. ScCO2 alone was found ineffective. Alkaloids were removed with i) a specific amount of polar cosolvent, ii) a pre-wetting of the bean flour before extraction, and iii) excessive polar cosolvent. For i) and ii), about 30 % and 60 % of alkaloids could

This study introduces a novel semi-continuous hydrothermal process for the chemical recycling of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC), focusing on the selective cleavage of bisphenol A (BPA) while minimizing its decomposition. Key operational parameters and reactor design were established through calculations using available kinetic and phase equilibrium data, ensuring that BPA residence time remained

Nanocellular foams have recently received much interest due to their fascinating properties. Previous studies have shown that molecular weight and CO2 solubility are critical in obtaining nanocellular foams from commercial-grade polymers, with accepted wisdom requiring solubility exceeding 30 wt% for nanocellular PMMA generation. This study challenges this assumption by demonstrating successful production

The operational instability of supercritical CO₂ compressors near the pseudo-critical line is investigated, with a focus on key regions where pseudo-phase transitions occur. The efficiency, pressure ratio, and fluid property variations of the compressor are analyzed under three different inlet conditions (pseudo-liquid, pseudo-gas, and gas states) at rotating speeds of 30000–70000 rpm. The main findings

Currently, most colored Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textiles are not recycled, because the presence of dyes leads to uncontrollable coloration in chemically recycled PET products. Traditional solvent-based decolorization faces scalability challenges due to high solvent use, low efficiency, and environmental impact. This study explores scCO₂ to enhance solvent decolorization by reducing PET-dye

This study evaluates the extraction yields, cannabinoid profiles, and physiological effects of Cannabis sativa L. (Purple 52) using three methods: supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂), Soxhlet, and maceration. Validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDa) as the dominant cannabinoids in hemp extracts, and decarboxylation of hemp samples

A rapid and efficient method for modeling supercritical CO2 (scCO2) Brayton cycles is presented, enabling calculations for both design and off-design conditions. A library is developed within an object-oriented simulation environment, to perform the calculations, incorporating an existing open-source library for accurately computing the specific properties of CO2 near its critical point. For turbomachinery

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) has gained prominence in green chemistry due to its eco-friendly nature and unique properties, including low viscosity, nearly zero surface tension, and tunable characteristics. However, its nonpolar nature limits applications to nonpolar systems. The development of scCO2 microemulsions with polar cores, especially those incorporating ionic liquids, addresses this

This paper presents the results of a comparative study of supercritical water (SCW) co-oxidation of swine manure (SM) with methane and lignite continuously fed into a flow reactor. The tests were carried out at a temperature gradient along the vertical axis of the reactor (390–600 °C), a pressure of 25 MPa, varying reactant flow rates and oxidation ratio (OR). An analysis of the time dependence of

This study addresses the critical need for the accurate prediction of dye solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to optimize the dyeing process. An open-access dye solubility database was developed that includes 2991 experimental data points for 90 dyes. Machine learning models, namely the multilayer perceptron (MLP), wavelet neural network (WNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and long

This study investigates the hydrothermal corrosion behavior of Inconel 625 in high-chlorine, high-alkalinity supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) environments. A significant reduction in corrosion rate was observed between 450°C and 500°C due to a transition from electrochemical to chemical corrosion mechanisms. The transition temperature increased from approximately 420°C to 450–500°C at 25 MPa, attributed

The present work represents a profound investigation of material pretreatment, comparison of different isolation methods (conventional and supercritical), and characterization of phenolic compounds and amino acids from bee pollen. The determination of amino acids was carried out after developing a novel hydrophilic interaction chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometric

The production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from rice bran (RB) by integrated extraction and reaction process with pressurized ethanol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as solvents was evaluated in this research. The first step was pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) in a semi-continuous mode (120 and 150 °C, with a solvent flow rate of 4 and 8 mL min−1) and sequentially

Quercetin exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Incorporating quercetin into liposomes can overcome its limited water solubility and poor oral bioavailability, making it a promising candidate for treating inflammatory diseases. For pulmonary administration, supercritical CO2-assisted spray drying can be used to convert liposomal suspensions into dry powder formulations suitable for

In order to study the thermal and flow properties of interstage coolers in the liquefaction of methane process, numerical analyses were carried out on methane flow within a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) with airfoil fins. A geometry model was developed in this research to include staggered microchannels with airfoil fins. The SST k-ω turbulence model was utilized in the analysis of how various

This study conducted a techno-economic assessment of amino acid production from brewers’ spent grains (BSG) using semi-continuous subcritical water hydrolysis. The process was operated at a pressure of 15 MPa, with a water flow rate of 5 mL/min, a solvent-to-feed ratio of 20 g water/g BSG, and at various temperatures (80 °C to 180 °C). The experimental results demonstrated that the amino acid yield

The Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) is one of the promising application of heat exchangers in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) power cycles due to its high compactness and structural rigidity. In this study, an innovative minichannel design with half-cone fin is proposed to increase performance of PCHE and its thermal and hydraulic characteristics are investigated numerically. With the increase of

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising method for treating hazardous oily sludge waste from petroleum industry. However, achieving complete gasification under mild conditions remains challenging, particularly for persistent intermediates such as toluene and naphthalene. Herein, molecular dynamics simulations are used to explore the impact of Na2CO3 on target product yields from toluene

Mechanical subcooling is an effective method to improve the transcritical CO2 refrigeration system. To further improve its performance, a transcritical CO2 refrigeration system is investigated with vapor injection and mechanical subcooling (MVS) using R152a as an auxiliary circulating refrigerant. A comparative analysis with the basic vapor injection CO2 refrigeration system (BVS) and the mechanical

Releasing supercritical and dense-phase CO2 from pipelines entails significant phase transitions and swift depressurization. This leads to significant temperature drops and reverse thrust forces, posing risks to pipeline integrity and support structures. This study investigates stress distribution across pipeline sections during vertical and horizontal releases of supercritical and dense-phase CO2

Hydrogen, recognized as a future fuel, is considered one of the most sustainable energy sources. Accurate prediction of its thermophysical properties, particularly at high pressures, is essential for the design and development of industrial applications. Equations of state (EoSs), as practical tools for thermodynamic modeling, provide a reliable means of predicting hydrogen's thermodynamic properties

Supercritical carbon dioxide is a promising working fluid for power generation due to its superior heat transfer properties. To investigate its heat transfer behavior under in a vertical tube under operating conditions, an combined experimental and numerical study was conducted. Parameters range from (15−27) MPa of pressure, (763–2774) kg/(m2s) of mass flux, (207−424) kW/m2 of heat flux. Results show

Phthalate plasticizers, which are widely used as general-purpose plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), have been identified as harmful to human health. This has created a pressing need to separate these substances from PVC products. In addition, the potential contamination of trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM), an alternative to phthalate plasticizers, with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) cannot be overlooked

In this study, the dissolution behavior of the carbon dioxide-polyethylene system is investigated under various conditions using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In addition, the dispersion behavior of polyethylene particles in the solvent is examined across different processes using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The results indicate that optimal dissolution is achieved by incorporating

Given that casing materials in CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and sequestration processes are exposed to corrosive environments formed by supercritical CO2 and Cl–-containing water, with the crevice sensitivity yet to be fully understood, this study investigated the crevice corrosion susceptibility of L80-13Cr in Cl–-containing supercritical CO2 water-rich phases using high-pressure autoclave immersion

In this work, the PC-SAFT equation of state (EoS) is used to predict the solubility of CO2 in polar aprotic solvents (PASs). The PAS molecules are modeled as pseudo–associating molecules to mimic the polar interaction. Four scenarios are considered to study the CO2 solubility in PASs. In scenario I, the CO2 and PAS molecules are considered inert molecules (non-associating), in scenario II, the CO2

Laboratory experiments and thermodynamic simulations were performed at 25 °C (8 MPa) and 35 °C (4, 8 MPa) to investigate the effects of SO2 on the corrosion of X65 steel and water chemistry during liquid, gaseous, and supercritical CO2 transportation. Results indicated that less than 100 ppm SO2 significantly influenced corrosion processes. In the water-saturated CO2 environment, higher SO2 concentrations

An ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet Ni/TiO2-SC catalyst was synthesised through supercritical ethanol stripping, using Ni-Ti-layered double hydroxide (NiTi-LDH) as the precursor. Characterisation of the catalysts was conducted using XRD, N2 physical adsorption–desorption, SEM, HR–TEM, AFM, H2–TPD, XPS, and EPR to evaluate their catalytic activity for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of maleic

Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Choisy (Hypericaceae), a medicinal plant prevalent in the Amazon Forest region, presents anthraquinones as the main compounds. This study aims to compare the chemical composition of extracts obtained using organic solvents and supercritical CO2 (scCO2) under varying conditions. Additionally, mathematical models were applied to predict extraction kinetics. The results indicated

This study investigated the potential for high-value utilization of cocoa shell (CS) residues derived from supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) by converting them into hydrochar through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and activation (A-HTC). Hydrochar produced from residues extracted with water as a co-solvent exhibited the highest carbon content (78.7 %) after HTC and activation, highlighting the

The increasingly intensifying global climatic change necessitates carbon capture and storage. Reservoir physical properties including porosity, permeability, temperature, and pressure directly control the spatial migration, storage forms, and storage capacity of CO2 in saline aquifers. Based on China’s first CCS demonstration project in saline aquifers, this study constructed a water-CO2-thermal-chemical

Apparent molar volumes were calculated from measured density differences (δΔρ = 0.01 – 2.90 kg m−3, depending on compressibility) for subsaturated isoprene and limonene in CO2 from T = 298 – 313 K and p = 8 – 13 MPa and used to fit a fluctuation solution theory equation with RMSD values of 58.5 and 177.8 cm3 mol−1, respectively. Apparent molar volume minima at supercritical temperatures were correlated

Recently, understanding the Equation of State (EoS) has become increasingly critical for high-fidelity numerical simulations of hydrocarbon-fueled cooling channel and internal combustion engine. However, selecting an appropriate EoS that balances a straightforward algorithm with high predictive accuracy for density across various fluids remains challenging. In this work, integrating and applying simple

Cocoa bean husk (CBH), an agro-industrial by-product of Amazonian cocoa, was valorized using supercritical CO₂ extraction, yielding 31.49 % cocoa butter. The defatted CBH powder showed high phenolic content (23.90 mg GAE/g) and strong antioxidant activity (77.71 μmol TE/g), highlighting its bioactive potential. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) revealed that theobromine was mostly retained in

Results from a study of n-heptane jets injected into a nitrogen environment under supercritical pressures with respect to n-heptane are presented. The temperature of the injected jet varies from supercritical to subcritical values (with respect to the n-heptane critical temperature) while the ambient environment is maintained at temperatures above the critical temperature of n-heptane. Three types

Melting temperature, phase behaviour and densities of binary mixtures of CO2 and three Fischer-Tropsch waxes with varying molecular weights were experimentally determined. The melting temperatures of the lower molecular weight waxes increased with CO2 pressure, and pressure induced crystallisation of the lowest molecular weight wax occurred above 20 MPa. CO2 solubility in the waxes decreased with increasing

There is a lack of information on pretreatments that improve the separation of biologically valuable extracts from Spirulina using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Therefore, this study was focused on testing microwave irradiation and rapid gas decompression pretreatments for the recovery of Spirulina extracts that express antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity. Extractions from native

Accurate derivatives are required for simulating large-scale carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage using the Cubic-Plus-Association equation of state (CPA EoS). However, due to the mathematical implicitness of cross-association, calculating the correct derivatives of site fractions for cross-association mixtures is extremely difficult and computationally demanding. A general explicit formulation

In this study, salicin, the key active ingredient in willow bark and a primary source of aspirin, was extracted using supercritical CO₂. Gas chromatography (GC) characterized the extract. Key operating factors, including pressure, temperature, particle size, and extraction time, were varied to optimize extraction yield, employing response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD)

The molecular structures of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) affect its microphase separation and foaming behavior. Three aliphatic TPUs were studied to investigate the influence of their molecular structures on their crystallization behavior, shear rheological properties, mechanical properties, and foaming behavior. The experimental results indicated that the branched structure and hard segment content

Tallow, a by-product of the leather-industry, is widely used in pharmaceuticals and oleochemical applications as a source/precursor of glycerol, obtained by aqueous-hydrolysis under high-pressure-temperature from a hydrolyzing-tower. Though standard procedures of extracting glycerol from the bottom-product are well established, the purification of fatty-acids (FA) from the top crude-mixture needs attention

Propane is considered an alternative in enzymatic polyester synthesis due to its favorable enzymatic interactions and mild operating pressures. In this study, enzymatic polymerizations were carried out by ring-opening polymerization of the monomer globalide at 65 °C, using pressurized propane as solvent. Mass ratios of propane:globalide of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 were evaluated, as well as pressure conditions

Innovation and sustainability are critical for maximizing reserves in the petroleum industry, especially in deep heavy oil reservoirs where traditional thermal EOR techniques often underperform. CO2-flooding offers a promising alternative, with its effectiveness dependent on achieving minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). Reducing MMP offers higher recovery factors while avoiding issues due to formation

The solubility of a bifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, trifluoropropylisobutyl (TFIB) POSS, in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was investigated. In the temperature and pressure ranges of 308 K to 323 K and 8.8 MPa to 14.5 MPa, respectively, TFIB POSS is soluble in scCO2 up to 2.0 × 10−2 by weight fraction corresponding to 1.0 × 10−3 by mole fraction, which is between the solubility

To improve the performance of printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) in the supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) Brayton cycle system, the mathematic-physical model of the heat exchange unit was established, based on a new-type rectangular microchannel PCHE (RM-PCHE) manufacturing by total-etching technology in this study. And the influence mechanism and laws on the flow and heat transfer of the different

The poor water solubility of hesperetin (HST) has impeded its relevant medical applications. To address this problem, the supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) technique was used to prepare HST-polyvinylpyrrolidone (HST-PVP) sub-microparticles. Additionally, the Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize three parameters (temperature, total solute concentration, and pressure) to determine the optimal process