To enhance the performance of polymeric dosimeters it is necessary to design novel formulations considering the mechanisms that register the absorbed dose (e.g. induced polymerization) and the readout method. The combination of the advantages of polymeric dosimetry, such as response stability and high sensitivity in a tissue-equivalent material, together with the high optical absorbance commonly found

Carbon irradiation effects on spin coated TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), deposited on glass substrates, are studied for versatile applications. 5 MeV carbon ions with fluences, 1×1014, 5×1014, and 5×1015 ions/cm2, are used to modify NPs. The ionization energy loss and defect production in the material as a result of impinging ions is estimated using Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM). The modification

Postharvest disease is a major problem in mangoes, affecting fruit quality, reducing shelf life and negatively impacting exports. To minimize the disease and maintain fruit quality, the effect of electron beam (E-beam) radiation on anthracnose disease, plant defense enzymes, and fruit quality was investigated. Mango fruit cv. Nam Dok Mai Si-Thong was exposed to an E-beam of 0.5 kGy and stored at 13

The luminescent properties of HfO2 samples were studied considering calcinations carried out at different temperatures (1000, 1200, 1400 1600 °C). The results of XRD showed that the samples, synthesized by the precipitation method, have a crystalline phase in the monoclinic system, and the size of the crystallite increases from 22.8 nm, for sample calcined at 1000 °C, to 41.6 nm for the one calcined

Metallic nanoparticle radiosensitization (MNPR) is attracting a good deal of attention, promising enhanced efficiency target volume radiation therapy without escalation of damage to surrounding normal tissues, also devoid of modification to the irradiation setup. To study the process of DNA damage in MNPR, physical dose in the sub-cellular scale should be known. This, together with the lack of accurate

The films characterized by starch:PVA weight ratio equal to 45:55 were obtained by solution casting and irradiated with 60Co gamma rays in vacuum applying doses of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 75 kGy. The results have shown that irradiation with a dose of 5 kGy induces decrease in surface hydrophilicity shown by increase in contact angle to water with no special impact of using the higher doses. Tensile strength

The potential of a radiation crosslinking technique for developing gelatin scaffolds for tissue engineering was evaluated by comparing it with a chemical crosslinking method. Radiation-crosslinked gelatin exhibited higher visible light transmittance as compared to chemically crosslinked gelatin. The radiation crosslinking efficiency of the gelatin was estimated to be 91%; it was affected by hydroxyl

Insect pests of stored products such as the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae can be controlled in bulk and packaged grains by ionizing radiation (γ-radiation or X-ray radiation) and plant essential oils, used in combination or alone, as an alternative to standard chemical fumigantion. Irradiation source and dose rate may be factors influencing the efficacy of plant essential oils. We evaluated the effects

Gamma ray irradiation effects on non-doped lithium borate (LBO), lithium borosilicate (LBS), and cerium (Ce)-doped lithium borosilicate glasses (LBS) are investigated. All non-doped lithium borosilicate glasses exhibit gamma ray irradiation damage in the form of red shifting of the optical absorption edge, appearance of an absorption peak between 500 nm and 600 nm, and the overall increase of absorption

Development of controlled drug release carriers with gastroretentive ability is one of the most feasible approaches to improve the bioavailability and efficiency of medical treatment of Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcers. Consequently, modification of alginate with N, N-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate was occurred via graft copolymerization technique using γ-irradiation. (Alg-g-DMAEMA) copolymers

Excess fungicides can trigger many human health problems. Hence, measures for the degradation of fungicide residues are needed. In the present study, the efficiency of gamma radiation (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 4.0 kGy) in the decomposition of carbendazim and azoxystrobin levels in strawberries was monitored. Irradiated strawberry samples were extracted using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective

In the last two decades, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) were given a substantial interest due to their unique properties and wide range of applications. The size is a key feature which determines the use of MSNs. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is a standard technique for MSNs’ size determination. Despite reliable, yet it has some drawbacks, being time consuming, destructive and requires

The true fluence spectra and its conversion coefficients from the air kerma to the ICRU operational quantities for our low-energy X-ray radiation field were determined using spectrometry. The pulse height spectra were measured with a PIPS detector for the ISO reference radiations (N-15 to N-30 and L-20 to L-30). According to the calculated detector response matrices, the measured pulse height spectra

This study is original work on semiconductor materials for gamma-ray detectors and fast neutron removal cross-section. This work is focused on the investigating of γ-ray interactions using Cu2MnGeS4, Cu2MnGeSe4, and Cu2MnGeTe4 semiconductor compounds. The photon interaction parameters (MAC, LAC, HVL, TVL, MEF, ACS, ECS, Zeff, Neff, Ceff, Zeq, EBF, and EABF) of the three different semiconductor compounds

Introduction The calculation algorithm for intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) built in the Elekta Monaco treatment planning system (TPS) is based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Absorbed dose is calculated as dose to medium in medium (Dm,m), but the conversion from Dm,m to dose to water in medium (Dw,m) is enabled. According to published data, differences between these two options exist, particularly

Structural and gamma-ray/neutron radiation protection characteristics of (50-x)B2O3 +40PbO+10Li2O + xAg2O (x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 wt fraction (wt) %) glass system encoded BPLA glasses have been extensively surveyed. The structure of the prepared glasses has been investigated over X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns. With the addition of Ag2O, the glasses' amorphous structures have not deteriorated, and

Flexible shielding materials based on natural rubber (NR) composites were successfully prepared and developed. The different radiation shielding fillers including barium carbonate (BaCO3), bismuth oxides (Bi2O3) and barium sulfate (BaSO4) were used as X-rays and gamma rays radiation shielding fillers in NR composites. Crosslink density and mechanical properties (i.e., modulus at 100% elongation, tensile

Radiation induced graft polymerization (RIGP) was used to develop glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted nanohybrid polymer. The absorbed dose and monomer concentration significantly affect the degree of grafting on vinyl modified sepiolite (VMS). Maximum grafting of 665% was achieved at optimized absorbed dose and monomer concentration. Post-polymerization modification of the nanohybrid with maximum

Developing different types of radiation shielding with certain specifications according to the type of radiation and method of application is essential. In this work, the radiation shielding, optical and structural features of PVA films containing BaTiO3 nanoparticles are investigated. The radiation shielding properties were measured experimentally with real gamma sources (241Am, 133Ba, 152Eu, and

Effective sterilization methods for single-use devices are a growing need for the medical industry. Concerns with safety, throughput and source availability, however, prompt prudent contingency planning for gamma irradiation of devices suited for radiation sterilization. Electron beam (e-beam) and X-ray represent two alternatives to gamma radiation if they can be confirmed to be compatible with sterilization

Background Radiographic examinations are crucial to diagnosis and management of young patients hospitalized in a pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU). Since these infants are often subject to a large number of repeated X-ray examinations in order to follow up their clinical situation, special attention must be paid to use protocol aimed to dose reduction. Objective This work was aimed to perform

A simulation to predict DNA damages due to 114.2 MeV/u carbon ions and 62 MeV protons at different depths was performed by a new approach to make a comparison between those different beams. An atomic model of DNA was used to build the different levels of DNA organization in the cell nucleus. A new damage diagnostic algorithm was designed to identify break yields and has been used with the Geant4 toolkit

This work is focused on obtaining a general function for calculating the mass attenuation coefficients of samples whose compositions are known such as waste, biota or NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) samples. After determining the general function, it is possible to assess the self-absorption effects by the self-absorption correction factor, which is really important to consider for

A new approach combining UV and thermal treatments has been studied for improved UV dosimetry of CR-39 polymeric detector films. Prior to thermal annealing, the detector films were exposed to radiation from a UV lamp (250–263 nm) at a distance of 1 cm for different durations of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 h. Reversing the sequence, other detector films were first thermally treated in a controlled oven

Typical industry set-up, used for material thickness inspection and process monitoring of different manufactured products, is based on the detection and counting of particles emitted by the radioactive source after passing the inspected material. The sensitivity of this method for determining material thickness in the flooring industry is assessed in this paper with Monte Carlo method by simulating

Pulsed laser deposition technique was used to produce Zn/ZnO thin film and Ag/Zn/ZnO thin film by ablation of Zn metal with and without Ag metal in the evacuated chamber, respectively. The developing in the structure of Zn/ZnO thin film was carried by making an ablation of both metals at the same time, which helped to enhance the nonlinearity properties due to the local effect of Ag atoms and its nonlinearity

We are concerned in synthesizing conductive transparent oxide (CTO) films by spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) for SnO2 (undoped) and SnO2:Sb (doped) film. The average value of the optical energy gap for CTO films of SnO2 and SnO2:Sb were found 4.01and 3.92 eV, respectively for direct transition before gamma irradiation. The optical conductivity of undoped and doped CTO film was calculated 8 × 1014

This study focuses on investigating and characterizing the effects of gamma irradiation on enhancing the structural, optical, and electrical properties of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) scattered in Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP)/Polyethylene Oxide (PEO). CuO [email protected]/PEO composites have been prepared via one-potential laser ablation process then were subjected to different gamma ray doses

The purpose of the present work is to use Klein-Nishina formula to calculate the electronic cross-sections, atomic cross-section, transfer cross-sections, Compton mass attenuation coefficients and mass-energy transfer cross section of 83Bi209, 74W184, 48Cd112, 30Zn65, 28Ni59 and 26Fe56 when photon beams and γ-ray photons of various energies interact with these elements. The results reveal that all

The D2O-moderated 252Cf is a non-point neutron source used as a calibration facility for measuring devices. The Bonner spheres spectrometer (BSS) is one of the common instruments for neutron spectrometry. Due to having a non-point source, the neutron spectrum depends on distance. On the other hand, because of the detector and source size, there is a deviation in BSS reading from that expected according

This study presents gamma-shielding characteristics of Li2WO4 doped polyester composites. In the study, unsaturated polyester was chosen as resin, Li2WO4 was chosen as filling material, cobalt octoate 6% (CO-6) and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) were respectively chosen as accelerator and initiators. Four different samples with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% Li2WO4 were prepared and the prepared samples

It is desirable to examine the characteristics of radiation and dosimetric of radionuclide neutron sources. In this work, the ambient dose equivalent (H*(10)) was calculated based on the conversion coefficient from different reports with the simulation of various types of radionuclide neutron sources by Monte Carlo code MCNPX2.6. The ambient dose equivalent was obtained for neutron and gamma emitted

In this study, gamma radiation was used for triclosan (TCS) degradation with addition of persulfate (PS) to enhance the mineralization of TCS. The influence of absorbed doses, PS concentration, and initial pH value on TCS degradation and mineralization was examined. The results showed that the degradation and mineralization of TCS were remarkably enhanced in the presence of PS. With addition of 1.5

Isotopic effects in Debye-Waller factor and in extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) have been studied. The studies are succeeded based on anharmonic correlated Einstein model for isotopes derived for providing analytical expressions of cumulants containing isotopic effects and for application of these cumulants to EXAFS of isotopes. Advantageous development here is creation of a method

Background Thyroid dose reduction during brain CT scan procedures, using protective lead clothing such as lead thyroid collars were approved in the last decades. Recently, investigators have focused on applying and designing light and non-toxic shields that contain no lead. Objective This study aimed to compare the efficiency of non-lead and lead thyroid shields in radiation protection during brain

The effective atomic numbers and effective electron densities of some polymers having medical applications are determined for total as well as partial gamma ray interaction processes in the wide range of energies 1 keV to 100 GeV. Mass energy-absorption coefficient and effective atomic number corresponding to gamma ray energy absorption in these media are also estimated for the energy range of 1 keV

The nitrogen containing molecules of general structure C3HxN are important astrochemical species, which occur in interstellar and other extraterrestrial media. In this work, we have first demonstrated the formation of a number of nitriles and isonitriles (C2H3CN, C2H3NC and C2H5NC) through a direct radiation-induced synthesis from the matrix isolated intermolecular complexes HCN…C2Hn (n = 2, 4, 6)

We analyze the electromagnetic field of a bunch that moves uniformly in a circular metal waveguide and crosses a boundary between a vacuum area and an area filled with an anisotropic dispersive nonmagnetic medium. The medium is characterized by the diagonal dielectric permittivity tensor with components possessing frequency dispersion of plasma types. The investigation of the waveguide mode components

This article provides methods to fabricate and characterize tissue equivalent properties of mammography phantom. The characterized properties are elemental composition, effective atomic number, electron density, attenuation coefficient and CT number. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), ethanol solution and graphite powder were used to develop samples of breast phantoms. First, the microstructure and elemental

The fast and thermal neutron attenuation properties through polymer composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced by micro-sized and nano-sized Cadmium Oxide (CdO) particles with weight fractions of 10% and 40% have been investigated. This study was carried out to present a new composite material based on HDPE filled with CdO in the form of micro and nano particles to be used as a

Polymer blends of polylactide (PLA) with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) to improve properties of PLA has been researched widely. But very few researches focus on the degradation of the blend, which is very important for biodegradable material. Herein, PLA and PBAT blends are prepared through solution casting, and the impact of degradation on thermal and mechanical properties of the

This work detailed the characteristics of municipal excess sludge irradiated by an electron beam for land application. From 5 kGy to 20 kGy, the release of soluble organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus substances in the sludge extract were markedly improved, and they exhibited different radiation susceptibility to free radicals and molecular products of the electron beam irradiation. The results

We describe a cell culture irradiation model based on the use of a 6 MV linear accelerator. The determination of dose delivered to the cell culture relied upon a carefully validated Monte Carlo simulation of the linear accelerator head, followed by radiation transport calculations of relative dose on a model of the clonogenic assay, which included the cell culture flask and supporting media. Absolute

Thulium (Tm) doped aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films are deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering in a pure nitrogen atmosphere. As-deposited thin films are irradiated at room temperature with 335 keV protons and a fluence of 1×1014 ions/cm2. The effects of irradiation on the structural and optical properties of the deposited thin films are investigated. Rutherford backscattering (RBS)

Proteus-ONE (P-ONE) is a novel compact single-room system developed by Ion Beam Application (IBA, Belgium) for proton therapy. The objective of this research was to commission and validate Monte Carlo (MC) beam model for P-ONE using the TOol of PArticle Simulation (TOPAS) Monte Carlo software package. Thirty-three energies were determined within P-ONE energy range (70-227 MeV) to measure integral depth

Absorption properties of geopolymer from fly ash (FA) as a matrix, graphite and nickel or graphite and iron powder as a filler have been carried out by applying Cs-137 gamma ray source. Composite geopolymer was produced by the activating an alkaline solution and heated at 70oC for 1 hour. The optical phonon vibration determined from the quantitative analysis of Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra

The transfer of electrons across the oxide/water interface has been investigated for oxide particles which are typically found incorporated into structural material surfaces within water circuits of nuclear systems. A pulse radiolysis study was conducted in order to observe the generation and decay kinetics of hydrated electrons in water in the presence of metal oxides. The presence of the oxides was

An anhydrite (CaSO4) natural sample was studied as possible dosimeter for low and high gamma doses using the technique of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). EPR spectrum showed signals due to (SO3)-, (SO4)- radicals and O- center. The anhydrite sample was irradiated with gamma rays with low-dose ranges typical for medical therapy (1-20 Gy) up to high-dose of about 70 kGy. The EPR centers due to

A μm thin dosimetric coating material based on inorganic phosphor particles NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ has been developed. A dose dependency of the luminescence decay time is observed in the μs - ms domain which allows relative dose measurement in the kGy range. Dose values are obtained from decay time evaluation which facilitates a measurement independent of luminescence emission intensity. Here, near-IR luminescence

To protect the human from the γ–radiation hazard, the novel shielding materials are ever-demanding in the field of nuclear medicine. In this research, we assessed the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), mean atomic number (), effective atomic cross-section (σa), atomic number (Zeff) plus electron number (Neff) of the pure epoxy, Al2O3-epoxy (6 and 15 wt%) and Fe2O3-epoxy/(6 and 15 wt%) exposed to various

The goji-berry (Lycium barbarum) is an oval-shaped orange-red fruit with a slightly sweet flavor. This berry has a high antioxidant potential and presents interesting nutritional and therapeutic properties. Irradiation is a safe method that has long used to reduce the microbiological contamination of dried and dehydrated food products. This study aimed to evaluate the irradiation effects on the bioactive

We study the formation of C18H and C18H2 by irradiating a cyclo [18]carbon molecule with atomic and molecular hydrogen at impact energy, E, in the range of 0.5–25 eV. We utilize the density-functional tight-binding method to perform molecular dynamics simulations to emulate the interaction of a carbon ring when colliding with atomic or molecular hydrogen. From our results, the formation of the C18H

In this study, Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP)/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) blend embedded by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was synthesized via traditional casting method to study the enhanced electrical conductivity of the blend. AuNPs were synthesized by Laser Ablation in Liquids Technique (PLAL). The physical characterization of the prepared PVP/PVA/AuNPs films have been performed by various techniques. The

A thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) based nanocomposite with the same weight ratio of hybrid nanofillers composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and montmorillonite nanoclay (DK4) was prepared using a melt blending technique with an internal mixer. The TPE composite was blended from polylactic acid (PLA), liquid natural rubber (LNR) as a compatibilizer and natural rubber (NR) in a volume ratio of 70:10:20

We report the rotational excitation of O2 molecule by positron impact for energies between 0.01 and 5.0 eV. The T-matrices were obtained by the method of continued fractions within the positron correlation-polarisation potential considering different levels of polarisation description. The rotational cross sections were computed with T-matrices in conjunction with the adiabatic rotational approximation

Micellar gel dosimeters can measure complex three-dimensional dose distributions. However, they have rarely been applied to measure radiation other than X-rays. In this study, we evaluated the radiological characteristics of a micelle gel dosimeter for clinical carbon-ion-beam irradiation. We irradiated a micelle gel dosimeter with a carbon ion beam and determined the reaction rate of the dye by measuring

Polyvinyl toluene (PVT) based detectors are used in radiation portal monitors (RPMs) throughout the world to detect the trafficking of illicit nuclear material. PVT scintillators, which are normally optically clear, have been observed to suffer internal fogging throughout their volume due to prolonged exposure to varying environmental conditions. These changes could lead to reduced performance for

The widespread use of computed tomography (CT) has led researchers to study CT dose exposure associated with carcinogenic effects, especially in pediatric populations. The number of pediatric patients undergoing CT scans increases every year and there is a wide range of exposure doses from the examination. In this study, we carried out systematic reviews and meta-analysis study on radiation dose received

Purpose High dose prescription in one treatment session of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) requires precise monitoring of the delivered dose. Methacrylic acid, gelatin and tetrakis phosphonium chloride (MAGAT) gel with superior dose sensitivity and dose resolution seems to be a suitable tool for 3 dimensional dose verification of IORT. In the current study, the dose response of MAGAT gel dosimeter