The main goals of this current work are to study the elastic and radiation shielding properties of seven different compositions of ZnO-TeO2 transparent glass and characterize them using density, molar volume, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultrasonic technique, and Monte Carlo simulation method. From the ultrasonic wave measurement result, the substitution of ZnO, which works as a network modifier into the

The densitometry measurement based on the gamma-ray transmission technique of 3-layers material (tin, aluminum, and lead) has been newly developed and studied in this work. The concept and the calculation method were briefly described and the results of each material were compared with Archimedes's technique. The results showed that there was a little difference (about 1%) of the density values when

Dysprosium (Dy3+) doped glasses of the potassium aluminum gadolinium phosphate (KAGP) were fabricated by melt-quenching technique. The preparation of glasses was varied the concentrations of Dy2O3 at 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 3.00 mol%. The physical and spectroscopic properties were investigated for white light emitting devices. The absorption spectra were attributed to Dy3+ transitions from

Background In diagnostic X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, some applications, such as dose measurement using the Monte Carlo method and material decomposition using dual/multi-energy approaches, rely on accurate knowledge of the energy spectrum of the X-ray beam. In this regard, X-ray detectors providing an accurate estimation of the X-ray spectrum could greatly impact the quality of dual/multi-energy

Material properties of transparent conductive oxide (TCO), such as crystallinity and work function, have been recognized as important factors affecting a performance of optoelectronic devices. In this work, a nuclear technique, electron beam irradiation, is proposed as a post deposition technique to alter the material characteristics of an indium tin oxide (ITO) nanorods film. The ITO film is fabricated

Current work describes a technique devoted to calculating the exposure and absorbed doses at irradiation of samples by electron bremsstrahlung. The developed approach is based on using several well-known semi-empirical formulas that describe the bremsstrahlung of electrons and tabular values of the mass absorption coefficient of photon energy. The calculation algorithm is implemented in the Wolfram

One of the methods of protein crosslinking used in the synthesis of protein-based nanoparticles is the formation of bityrosine bridges, which may be achieved by the recombination of phenoxyl-type radicals in irradiated protein solutions. Radiation-induced formation of phenoxyl radicals in tyrosine is promoted in presence of H+. In this work, kinetics of this process and the influence of pH were studied

The quantitative evaluation of chemical elements from X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis still remains a strong hurdle in X-ray Spectrometry, mainly due to significant matrix effects involved in the processes. The Fundamental Parameter Method (FPM) is a valid tool for the calculation of analyte concentration unless the primary source comes from a Synchrotron Radiation facility or the experimental design

In this work, bulk Se85Te15-xBix chalcogenide glasses were synthesized by melt quenching technique. The nano-thin chalcogenide films of Se85Te15-xBix alloys with thickness 40 nm were deposited on glass/Si wafer by Physical Vapour Condensation Technique (PVCT). Their optical and structural properties were analysed by the exposure of different gamma irradiation doses. High resolution X-ray diffraction

This work investigates pediatric patients radiation doses during multiphasic computed tomography (CT) abdomen procedure in six hospitals. A total of 58 (14 (24% females) and 44 males (44 76%) males underwent CT single or multiphase procedures. A CT single phase and triple phase examination were carried a wide range of clinical indications, including renal and digestive systems pathologies. All procedures

The Doppler broadening of gamma rays occurs in the fast neutron analysis with photons emitted in inelastic scattering reactions on certain nuclei, such as 12C and 14N. In this paper, we developed an algorithm based on the Monte Carlo method to calculate the Doppler broadened gamma peak shape of the 4.438 MeV gamma ray emitted by 12C in graphite when exposed to fast neutrons of different energies. The

In the present study, five different type of new super alloys have been developed and produced which have high temperature resistance for both gamma and fast neutron radiation shielding. These super alloys have been produced with powder methodology by using the materials such as iron (Fe), rhenium (Re), boron carbide (B4C), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), boron (B), copper (Cu), tungsten (W), tantalum

Producing lead-free Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT)-based ceramics with a composition near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region is highly important to optimize the piezoelectric properties. Therefore, a range of the ceramic compositions, designed to be near the MPB region were attempted and investigated to confirm the phase was at MPB for the lead-free BNT-based ceramics, which is needed to improve the

Blood transfusion is known as a safe treatment, but it can sometimes be potentially dangerous. Despite careful examination, if the necessary precautions are not taken, blood transfusions can be unsafe for the recipient, and the risks can be fatal. Stable lymphocytes in blood products can cause fatal transplant reactions, and cause Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease, TA-GVHD. Prevention

The effect of neutron irradiation is investigated in respect of five different Gd dopant concentrations of silica (SiO2) glass; 1–10 mol% via sol-gel route fabrication. Using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), characterization was made of the defects that give rise to the luminescence signal. The approach allows the Si–O–Si coordination to be identified and studied. The fabrication process

Radon (222Rn) and Thoron (220Rn), the members of Uranium and Thorium decay series respectively, are ubiquitous in nature. Being airborne alpha active radioisotopes, they are the major contributors of inhalation dose especially in the indoor environments. This study measures the Potential Alpha Energy Concentration (PAEC) of radon/thoron progenies in the dwellings of Eloor industrial region in Kerala

Purpose Isotropy as a quality assurance aspect of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) needs to be evaluated accurately. There are some main problems associated with isotropy investigations by two dimensional dosimeters including limited positions and distances in which isotropy can be measured and long irradiation time needed for isotropy evaluation. In this study, isotropic radiation accuracy of spherical

Due to a physical constraint, dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) performed on a dual-source CT scanner has a restricted field of view (FOV) in one imaging chain (i.e. tube B, 140 kV with tin filter). This indicates that dual-energy analysis cannot be performed outside the limited FOV. As a result, the dual-source DECT scanner may not be beneficial for larger patients. To address this issue, we

The structural characterizations of Fe-substituted Barium Titanate (Fe–BaTiO3) ceramics prepared at different sintering temperatures were investigated in this work. The Fe–BaTiO3 ceramics (with 10 mol% of Fe substitution) were prepared via a conventional solid-state reaction (SSR) method. The structural data were examined by XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and XAS (X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy) techniques

In this study, we investigate thermoluminescence (TL) of calcium aluminate undoped and doped with three rare earth elements at five different concentrations, synthesized by the combustion method, which can be designed for relevant applications with suitable doping of activators. From the XRD data, we determine the phase, structure and particle size, using Scherrer's equation. Investigations on the

The aim of this work was to study the divergence between simulation and experimental measurements in the build-up region using two types of medical accelerators Elekta Synergy MLCi2 and Varian clinac 2100C and also for two types of ionization chambers. The Monte Carlo simulation was performed using the G4Linac-MT code. By demonstrating the variation of the particles in the build-up region, this work

The measured current wave shapes of PF1000 plasma focus discharged at 16 kV in deuterium in the pressure range 1.05–1.2 Torr are fitted to the computed current wave shapes using the Lee model code. Very good fit is achieved which suggests that the code is configured very well for the PF1000 for these shots. This is borne out by the computed neutron yield arising from each shot agreeing well with the

New Semi-empirical mass formulas were developed for the (n, p), (n, α), and (n, 2n) reaction cross-sections at 14.5 MeV neutron energy by using the literature data available on EXFOR library. The new formulas were derived on the basis of the statistical model considering Q − value dependence. The results obtained from the present exercise were compared with other systematic formulas developed in past

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, especially graphene, have received increasing attention due to their mechanical, electronic, optical, chemical, and thermal properties. A set of physical-chemical techniques was applied to increase the exfoliation effect's promotion and characterization over the natural graphite flakes. More than 30 natural impurities were determined in raw graphite flakes by instrumental

In this study, we try to estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of low-energy electrons released during the gadolinium neutron capture reaction (157GdNCR) using microdosimetric methods. It is assumed that the 157Gd is uniformly distributed throughout the cells and can be bound to DNAs. The microdosimetric parameters of Gd electrons along with those of carbon ions and protons were calculated

Preparation and synthesis of luminescent materials has a special interest in medicine, industry and research due to the wide variety of applications offered by phosphors. In this study, pellets of a mixture of CaF2 and Tm2O3 which were pressed and thermally treated up to 600 °C were prepared in air. Combined SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis) and CL-RGB (cathodoluminescence

Treatment planning systems play a key role in radiotherapy. Various commercial planning systems are currently available on the market. These systems usually differ in the algorithms used for radiation dose calculation and vary in the manner of implementation of the same algorithms. They also differ in optimizer algorithms used in search of the best treatment plan required to meet the user specified

The yields of hydroxyl radicals in the radiolysis of water with protons and carbon ions have been examined using experimental scavenging techniques coupled with Monte Carlo track simulations. Combined with previous results using helium ions, this set of data gives valuable information on the potential for radiation induced damage to biological systems for light ions with very different track structures

A novel phosphate-based glass system was fabricated to be applied in dental applications. The fabricated glass system consists of non-toxic CaO-K2O-Na2O- P2O5 compounds and described by the chemical formula (40+x) P2O5+20CaO+(30-x) Na2O+10K2O, where 0≤x≤20 mol%. The absorption spectra of the fabricated glasses were recorded by the UV–Vis spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 200-1100 nm. The refractive

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. The effectiveness of treatment depends on detection in its early stages. The aim of this study is to fabricate an HCC liver dynamic phantom with tissue-mimicking materials for magnetic resonance imaging. Three gelatin phantoms with concentrations of 2.5%, 4.0%, and 5.0 wt% were made. All phantoms contained three main materials;

Waste tea powder (WTP)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were prepared using a Brabender Plastograph mixer and RAY-RAN injection moulding machine. The effect of WTP loadings (0–50 wt %) and NaOH mercerisation on the properties of WTP/PLA biocomposites were investigated. The WTP/PLA biocomposites were then subjected to electron beam irradiation to elucidate the biocomposites' radiation compatibility

Recognizing the large neutron capture cross section of boron, the suitability of boron containing resources are studied for protection against nuclear radiation. Experimental and simulation study for neutron (thermal and fast) and gamma-ray shielding features of six different types of boron containing natural materials, obtained from the utilization process of boron ores in Liaoning Province of China

This study aims to investigate the energy response of a Farmer-type ionization chamber for kilovoltage x-ray beams. The chamber response in free air and at depths of 1 to 15 cm in a water phantom was calculated using the Monte Carlo method. The response in the phantom was evaluated using a beam quality conversion factor, kQx, for x-ray beams Qx to a 60Co beam. The response was expressed as a function

In this study, the radiation attenuation coefficients (μm) of different proportions of additives were produced in dry mixture shotcrete both by experimental processes and by deep neural network based on DBN. Fly ash, silica fume, and polypropylene fiber were used as additives of dry mix shotcrete. In the first part of the two-part study, μm values were obtained from seven samples produced and a data

In the present work, the Lk (k = l, α, η, β1, β3, β6, β4, β2,15, β5,7, β9,10, γ1,5, γ2,3,6,8, γ4) x ray production (XRP) cross sections have been measured for Re at energies across its Li (i = 1–3) sub-shell ionization threshold energies covering the region 10.5 keV–14.0 keV using synchrotron radiation. The measured values have been compared with the three sets of XRP cross sections calculated using

An X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method for the determination of vitamin B12 in vitamin formulations is described. The method is based on the measurement of Co, the only metallic constituent of vitamin B12. The method is simple, has no spectral interference from any element except Fe and is applicable to both solid and aqueous (dissolved solids) phases. It has a limit of the detection of 2.8 μg/g

The thermal and structural properties of a Li2O ⋅ B2O3 ⋅ Al2O3 glass matrix with the addition CaF2 or LiF were investigated by XRD and DTA. The results showed that the samples are glasses. The thermal analysis also showed a trend of the glass transition temperature shifting to lower temperatures, and the shift or new peaks of crystallization is observed as the LiF and CaF2 content goes up. The glass-forming

In this study, xanthan gum (XG) based hydrogels were prepared at a paste like state, in the presence of acetylene gas and CCl4 through γ-irradiation. Sodium polyacrylate/XG semi-interpenetrating networks [P(AAcNa)/XG semi-IPNs] were also prepared and characterized. It was determined that XG could not undergo high gelation when irradiated at a paste like state. Relatively higher gelation was obtained

The main purpose of this study was to determine the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK), effective dose (E), and organ radiation dose to patients during hysterosalpingography performed in three major hospitals in Taif city, KSA [King Abdul Aziz Hospital (A), King Faisal Hospital (B), and a private hospital (C)]. The study involved 100 female patients (22–44 years of age) for approximately 6 months. Dosecalc

In this work, we have studied low energy argon ion-induced modification of surface wetting property of molybdenum dioxide nanorod mesh. The nanorods were deposited on a conductive silicon substrate using a spin coating process. The coated thin films were irradiated at two different fluences of 5×1016 and 1×1017 ions cm-2, respectively. With increasing ion doses, the nanorods tend to bend slightly and

In this study, a facile method was developed to prepare fibrous boron-selective adsorbent through introduction of poly(vinylamine) (PVAm) onto polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP) non-woven sheet by radiation induced graft copolymerization (RIGC) of N-vinylformamide (NVF) followed by hydrolysis, and glycidol immobilisation. The dependence of the degree of grafting (DG) on the reaction parameters (absorbed

In this study, the concentration impacts of Yb3+ on a series of bismuth boro-phosphate (EBiBPxY) glasses are studied. The compositional investigations are done through FTIR spectra. EBiBP0.25Y glass is the most compact one. The EBiBP2Y glass is found to be suitable for sound-resistant purposes from the atomic packing fraction and acoustic impedance evaluations. Two procedures were used to determine

In this work, Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 powders (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The phase formation, local structure and cation distribution of Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 ferrite samples were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) Spectroscopy techniques. XRD analysis reveals that the single cubic spinel phase was

In this work, resin formulations for direct ink write (DIW) additive manufacturing (AM) were developed for facile customization to shield radiation signatures consisting of a range of gamma radiation and neutron energies in a variety of applications. The resin developed in this work has been formulated to accommodate very high loadings of shielding filler materials: up to 40 wt% bismuth (Bi) metal

Radiolytic synthesis has been used to produce a plethora of unsupported and supported metallic nanoparticles in batch. As proof of a new concept, we evaluated the formation of gold nanoparticles by radiolytic synthesis in continuous flow using a millifluidic reactor. A mixture of gold ions solution, branched polyethyleneimine, and ethylene glycol yielded gold nanoparticles with a mean size of 3.4 ± 1

Nano-crystalline oxides of manganese prepared from the radiolysis of aqueous permanganic acid solution at ambient conditions showed structural and compositional changes with variation in absorbed gamma dose. The radiolytically formed nano-oxide was transformed into different micro-structures, phases, shapes and sizes with radiation. This variation was probed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), laser

In this study, the photon interaction and the electron nonproportional response of Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC) scintillation were studied. The radioactive source of 137Cs that irradiated gamma rays with an energy of 662 keV were used in this experiment. For photon interaction, the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), the effective atomic number (Zeff) and the electron density (Nel) were measured with eight

Nowadays, as a replacement for lead which is a toxic element, bismuth glasses are explored extensively due to their higher density for radiation attenuation applications. This work is an attempt to portray the radiation shielding and thermoluminescence response of bismuth in the borosilicate glasses of composition (60-x) B2O3– 20SiO2- xBi2O3– 12ZnO– 8BaO with x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 mol% coded

Monte Carlo calculations were conducted to explore the potentials of zirconium hydride (ZrH2) as possible alternative moderator for high density polyethylene (HDPE) and water (H2O) in a simple (100MBq) 252Cf-based Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) assembly. The thickness of moderators was optimized against thermal neutron flux (ϕth) as well as the ratio of (thermal/fast) neutron flux

Gadolinium sodium borate glass in compositions of xGd2O3: 20Na2O:(80-x)B2O3 (where x is 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mol%) were prepared by melt quenching technique. The glass samples have been investigated for the physical properties and radiation shielding properties. The glass density and molar volume tended to increase with increasing Gd2O3 concentration. The theoretical values of radiation shielding were

Milk and milk-based foodstuffs are considered as a primary source of nutrition to human health. Therefore, monitoring of hazardous material in powdered milk is important for the safety of public health. This study determines the concentrations of primordial radionuclides in powdered milk samples collected from the local markets of Dhaka city in Bangladesh using HPGe γ-ray spectrometry. The mean activity

Self-powered neutron detectors are common sensory devices for flux mapping purposes in nuclear reactors. A Kalman filtering strategy has been explored in this work to overcome the inherent delay in certain designs thereof enabling their application for the online monitoring and control activities. Determination of the core excess reactivity by way of the current reading in a Rhodium detector has thus

The present study is aimed at investigating the behavior of the secondary particles due to the photon beam interaction at the presence of the longitudinal, radial, tangential (angles), and uniformly springy magnetic fields with different intensities. The photon mode of a 15 MV Siemens Primus linac is used as an example. On the validity of the accelerator simulation, the percentage of depth dose and

Measurements show the detection efficiency of the NaI(Tl) detector depends on the source-detector configuration. In this work, the geometrical and intrinsic detection efficiencies of the 2in both in height and diameter and 3in both in height and diameter cylindrical NaI(Tl) detectors have been calculated for low-energy gamma ray. In these calculations, the effects of cover layers of NaI(Tl) (aluminum

Nowadays, upon rapid advances and developments in science and technology, X-ray radiation's role in diverse kinds of applications has been highlighted. Lead, and its derivatives as preliminary shielding systems are neither light nor biocompatible. Accordingly, the demand for the fabrication of a lead-free shielding system has increased over the past few decades. To surmount the limitations mentioned

The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectra of the radicals produced by γ-irradiation of a single crystal of oxalic acid dihydrate (C2H6O6) have been reported. The EPR spectra of gamma-irradiated single crystals of oxalic acid dihydrate have been studied for different orientations of crystals in a magnetic field. As a result of studies carried out along three axes, it has been determined that