Tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP) is considered a potential alternative solvent to tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) for aqueous reprocessing of molten salt reactors and fast reactor fuels. This study explored the γ and β radiolysis of TiAP under various conditions through the analysis of the radiolytic concentration changes of TiAP and the yields of di-iso-amyl phosphoric acid (DiAP) using gas chromatography

The CeF3 doped Gd2-xMoB2O9 phosphors (where x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mol%) were synthesized by the conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction method at 900 °C for 12 h in air. DSC and TGA analysis executed to study the optimum temperature for sintering. The structural, photoluminescence and X-ray luminescence properties were investigated. The structure of the samples was analyzed by using

The irradiation is a non-thermal technological process, but it has a greater versatility than processes that use heat, being adopted by more than 50 countries as a sanitary and phytosanitary processing method, covering more than 60 foods and food products. In this context, the objective of the present work was to characterize the irradiated flour of red pitaya shell (Hylocereus costaricensis), from

The dosimetric characteristics of germanium (Ge) doped optical fibres are investigated as a potential dosimetric alternative for electron beam therapy postal audits. The dosimetric characteristics of 6 mol% Ge-doped optical fibres fabricated as cylindrical fibres (CF) and flat fibres (FF) are established in terms of signal fading, linearity of dose-response, beam energy- and dose rate dependence. Pilot

This study examined the radiation shielding features of ball clay-cement-iron slag as an alternative to concrete. Using a variety of cement, ball clay, and iron slag compositions, six samples were fabricated. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was experimentally reported using three point sources (Am-241, Cs-137and Co-60) and a HPGe detector. The results show that the LACExp and LACXCOM values

The glass formula of 20Li2O+10AlF3+2.5CaF2+(66.5-x)P2O5+xGd2O3+1Eu2O3 (PLACEu1Gdx), where x = 2,4,6,8,10 mol% have been prepared by conventional melt-quenching technique. These glasses' optical absorption, photoluminescence, decay time, and radioluminescence have been measured at room temperature. Judd-Ofelt's (J-O) analysis of PLACEu1Gd8 has been investigated and the magnitude of parameters follows

Particle therapy can largely benefit from the detailed and wide-range spectrometric and directional characterization of energetic charged particles provided by compact Timepix detectors. Among several physical quantities that can be derived, the assessment of the linear energy transfer (LET) which is based on the deposited energy and particle's track length remains challenging. Due to the detector's

This study investigates the effect of adding spinel ferrite nanoparticles to tissues irradiated with low energy photons and simulated effect of particle size on dosimetry quantities. The simulations have been carried out with MCNP 6.2 code which enables event-by-event electron transport. Firstly, dose enhancement factors have been determined with water/ferrite mixture and for MnFe2O4, CoFe2O4, Fe3O4

Interest in graphene oxide (GO) due to its controllable and adjustable properties has been increasing, especially in the field of electronic and electrochemical charge storage devices. Hence, the modification of surface chemistry and structure of GO can be outlined as crucial for achieving the preferable properties. In this study, we have investigated the influence of 15 keV proton-beam irradiation

Tb3+-doped gadolinium aluminium sodium fluorophosphate scintillating glasses were synthesized by the melt-quenching method. The photoluminescence and X-ray induced optical luminescence were investigated with the concentration of Tb2O3. For photoluminescence (PL) results, Tb3+ ions activated in glasses emit intense green emission peaking at 543 nm by stimulating at 220, 275, and 377 nm. Among three

Electron beam (EB)-cured unsaturated vegetable oil and diacrylate was formulated as an alternative and green overprint varnish (OPV) for coatings in a finishing process. Linseed oil (LO) was applied with tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) in different ratios to obtain EB-curable LO-based OPV (eLOPV). The eLOPV were irradiated by EB for curing using various absorbed doses of 10–100 kGy. Change of

Abstract not available

Purpose To study geometrical source modeling of 6 MV flattening-filter-free (FFF) beam from TrueBeam linear accelerator and its commissioning validation using Monte Carlo simulation approach. Methods & material Source modeling of 6MVFFF beam from TrueBeam linear accelerator has been accomplished by using PRIMO as the Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation software based on PENELOPE code. Initially, source modeling

The surfaces of the works of art are one of their most important parts since they interact directly with the observer's perception. On the other hand, they are also in direct contact with physical, chemical and biological agents that can induce degradation and signs of aging. Dust deposits, stains and aged layers of protection can degrade, causing irreversible damage to works of art. In this way, the

Introduction Paediatric interventional cardiology procedures have grown in recent years. The main disadvantage of these procedures is the high dose of radiation that patients receive. Such methods include the fluoroscopy mode, which allows real-time visualization, and the cine mode, which allows the documentation of images. The dosimetric quantities recommended currently for these procedures are: kerma-area

The pathology of the urinary system is usually investigated using Intravenous Urography (IVU). The study objectives are to quantify patients’ radiation dose and radiation induced malignant tumors risk during IVU examination. The radiation doses during IVU and the subsequent risks from exposure are studied, using data from 50 patients imaged in one hospital. The demographic data given as (mean ± std)

Pathogenic bacteria found in low levels in natural water systems can present a hazard to human health, such as through contraction of Legionnaires disease, if conditions are favourable for growth and there is potential to create an aerosol. In this study, gamma radiation using a60Co source was applied to Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria for 60 minutes at varying dose rates

Single crystal of Tm-doped LaCl3 (LaCl3:Tm3+) with the dimension of diameter 7 mm and length 55 mm was successfully grown using an in-house-developed Bridgman furnace. The grown crystal has the self-trapped exciton (STE) emission in the range of 300–500 nm along with the characteristic emissions corresponding to the 4f-4f transition of Tm3+ ions under X-ray excitation. The scintillation characterizations

The purpose of this work was the non-destructive characterization by gamma spectrometry of a collector's item in which uranium was used as a colouring agent. Such characterization was based on the calculation of the counting efficiency as a function of energy using the LabSOCS software from Canberra Industries. The activity concentrations obtained for the uranium isotopes were verified: i) from the

In this work, 60Co gamma-ray source was used to irradiate LLM-105 at room temperature with the radiation doses of 100, 300, 500, 696, and 900 kGy under vacuum. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) demonstrated the main radiolysis product in gamma-irradiated LLM-105 was 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine (ANPZ)

Chromium ferrite-doped barium zirconate titanate multiferroic materials in (1-x)BaZr0.1Ti0.9O3 – (x)CrFeO3; BZT-CF) system, when x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mol%, were prepared by the solid-state reaction technique. Phase formation, lattice parameter, and electronic state of materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) techniques. It was found

Graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO), have attracted enormous interest from academia and industry because of its unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, which can lead to enhanced material performance. In the present study, low contents of GO were incorporated into the poly (vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (EVOH). First, the GO was prepared by chemical oxidation of graphite

This study aimed to estimate the cumulative radiation exposure, effective and organ dose from the recurrent computed tomography (CT) head scan during the stroke. Data was collected using a validated survey, including scanner information, patient demographic information, scan protocol, and dose indices (CTDIvol and DLP). A retrospective search of the picture archiving and communicating system (PACS)

Due to the advantages of using gamma-ray radiation sources in various fields, the average equivalent dose received due to the exposure to these sources increases. The wrong handling or direct exposure to these sources give raises the equivalent dose for the receiver. Thus, a container made up of two layers (metal and glass layers) was suggested to decrease the recorded equivalent dose received from

Models for calculating dose rates of spherical particles as well as in fuel cracks are important for radionuclide source term estimations. Dose rates from UO2 based fuels were calculated for planar, spherical, and crack geometries. The escape probability for α-particles in spherical UO2 particles was derived as a continuous equation. The dose rate increased with increasing spherical radius due to the

Despite technical and methodological advances, the selective separation of antibiotics from aqueous media remains a challenge. In this work, a novel molecularly imprinting polymer (MIP) with specific recognition sites was constructed by radiation-induced RAFT-mediated graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) from PE/PP nonwoven fabric for tetracycline

Introduction Chest radiography remains the most often utilized radiological modality in the neonatal intensive care unit. Neonates are more radiosensitive and are at higher risk of cancer than adults. In addition, they have a longer life expectancy, which increases the risk of cancer. Therefore, it is essential to protect neonates from radiation hazards. Purpose The study aims to assess the effectiveness

A significant source of ionizing radiation for medical use is computed tomography (CT). According to estimates, more than 84 million CT scans are carried out yearly in the US. Because the neck area contains several organs and tissues that are very sensitive to ionizing radiation, such as the thyroid gland, CT for the neck region is commonly done for a variety of clinical causes. This study's goal is

InP surfaces are bombarded with 50 keV Ar+ ion beam at normal incidence with fluences ranging from∼2 × 1016 to 8 × 1016 ions/cm2. The formation of self-organized nanodots on Indium Phosphide (InP) are captured by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Uniformity in size of dots is improved for the higher fluences and the surface becomes Indium rich with ion irradiation

Accurate knowledge of nuclear data are important for the production of radionuclides to be used in medical applications. This study outlines the availability and scarcity of standardized nuclear data for the production of promising medical radionuclides, focusing on the accelerator route. The data are considered for the radionuclides that have the potentials to be used in theranostic applications,

The characterization of bremsstrahlung and γ-rays from fuel debris differs from that of spent fuels evaluated to date, due to factors such as material composition and release of volatile fission products. In this work, in order to clarify the conditions under which the effect of bremsstrahlung compared to the total photons (bremsstrahlung and γ-rays) in fuel debris is maximized, the average energies

The effects of long-term storage and retrogradation on the stability of the gel properties of radiation-synthesized super water absorbents (SWA) made from cassava starch and acrylic acid were explored in this study. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were used to explore

This study investigates the use of black carbon charcoal as passive radiation dosimetry, offering low dependence on photon energy and near soft tissue effective atomic number with state-of-the-art techniques. Regression analyses have now been conducted using graphite manufactured commercially in the form of charcoal from three different types: mangrove, coconut, and green charcoal recycled from sawdust

When we see a piece of art or an archaeological object for the first time, a painting, a jewel, a sculpture or merely a simple piece of pottery on display in a museum or in an exhibition, we might be fascinated by its beauty or by its simplicity. However, many questions often arise in connection with such items on display, about its origin, its context, its provenance, its authenticity. Finding complete

In proton therapy, the width of a pristine Bragg peak is too narrow to cover the entire tumor volume, and should be spread out using the Spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) techniques such as energy stacking, range modulator wheel and ridge filter. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of using a simple least square technique to decompose the simulated weight fractions of elemental

Radon is a radioactive noble gas exhaled from the soil that can reach high concentrations in enclosed spaces. As elevated concentrations cause serious health problems, legislation has been put in place in many countries to regulate the limit concentration and even establish mitigation techniques. One of the most effective techniques for new buildings is the installation of radon barriers. The most

This study aims to fabricate lead-free, flexible gamma ray shielding based on natural rubber (NR) with the original-sized barium sulphate (BaSO4) and BaSO4 nanocomposites. The shielding composites were successfully fabricated with various fillers loading of 10, 20, 30 and 50 parts per hundred rubbers (phr). The physical and mechanical properties of the NR composites have been investigated. The gamma

In this study, natural radionuclide levels and mass absorption coefficients of obsidian samples were examined to determine their gamma radiation properties. Fourteen obsidian samples were collected from 7 different locations in Rize province, İkizdere region, Turkey. X-ray fluorescence measurements of the samples revealed the silica structure and comparable elemental structure with slight differences

Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) adds an additional imaging radiation dose to existing levels of therapeutic radiation. The extra radiation dose received by organs from multiple conae beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans can increase the probability of the secondary cancer risk. In this study, an effort has been made to assess CBCT dose and image quality for standard pre-sets defined for different

A total of five zinc borotellurite glass samples containing with strontium oxide at various molar fractions of x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 was prepared, utilizing the conventional melt-quenching technique. The chemical composition of the prepared glass samples can be presented using the formula of [(TeO2)0.7(B2O3)0.3)0.7(ZnO)0.3]1-x(SrO)x. The structural features of the samples were analyzed

In this study, a stable reusable radio-chromic gel dosimeter based on a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium iodide complexes (PVA-NaI) and chemical cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde combined with additives of Glucono-δ-lactone and fructose was prepared and improved by the addition of new additive free radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The radio-chromic gels were exposed to high energy photons (X-rays)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) radiotherapy dosimetric properties of PRESAGE® dosimeter using an in-house optical computed tomography (OCT) imaging system known as 3DmicroHD-OCT. Dosimetric properties for verification of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment technique were studied including dose linearity, dose integration

Abstract not available

The physical characteristics of two computed radiography (CR) systems, Carestream EHR-M3 and Carestream GP-2 (used in mammography and general radiography, respectively), were assessed at the standard beam conditions RQA-M2 and RQA-5, in the ranges of 9.5–800 μGy and 2.5–70 μGy, respectively. Objective criteria such as response function, modulation transfer function (MTF), normalized noise power spectrum

Uranium- and thorium-series isotopes are able to dissolve in hot spring waters and decay into radon, which could potentially cause health risk of the public. Besides, several environmental investigations can be carried out by measuring radon concentrations in hot spring waters. Accordingly, the measurement of radon in hot spring water is a significant issue. A practical method for measuring radon in

We study the correlation between the structural orientation and the chromatic characteristics in rubies by combining X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The chemical compositions were investigated by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). XRD result shows the preferred orientation of Al2O3 crystals as the (113), (110), and (223) plans.

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation of medical personnel is very common at radiology and nuclear medicine departments. Strict regulations and guidelines for the exposure of staff working in such departments were regulated by international authorities such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) as well as national

A Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) is a pulsed device able to produce a hot and dense short-lived plasma that could become a fast radiation source for diagnostic applications, external radiotherapy, or intra-operative radiation therapy. The plasma confinement phase, identified as “pinch”, lasts few tens of nanoseconds, during which thermonuclear temperatures and densities could be reached. When the DPF vacuum

Given the rather short half-life of thoron (220Rn), at 56 s, its contribution to radiation exposure is often overlooked. Nevertheless, in a thorium (232Th) rich environment potential hazard does exist, in particular regarding prolonged duration exposures to 220Rn and its short-lived alpha-particle emitting progeny [polonium (216Po)]. Herein, concerning the geology and major soil types in the Malaysian

Dyeing wastewater released from dye-utilizing industries containing numerous hazardous dyes poses serious threat to environment and human beings, thus removal of dyes from wastewater is an important issue. In current work, guanidinium functionalized cellulose (GFC) was prepared by radiation emulsion grafting glycidyl methacrylate onto cellulose followed by further modification with guanidine hydrochloride

Voltage, current, target and filter in X-ray tubes define the X-ray spectrum; in turn, any dosimetric quantity depends on the spectrum. In the operation of an X-ray generator the dose is evaluated considering the contribution of leakage, scattered and direct beam contribution. For one X-ray unit using a voltage is important to know dose to 1 m per unit current (mA) and time (min); this feature is the

The objective of this work was to build slices containing the eye region using 3D printing, to be inserted in an anthropomorphic phantom, allowing to perform the dosimetry of organs associated with the eye. The slices were built using PLA 3D printing for soft tissue and a mixture of calcium sulfate dihydrate and sodium chloride for the cranial bones. Different mixtures were tested to simulate bone

Recognizing the availability and low cost of marketable glasses, this study evaluates the radiation protection efficacy of various thicknesses of float glasses used in Bangladeshi dwellings. Numerous float glasses differing in widths (2.5 mm, 3.2 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.9 mm, 7.9 mm, and 10 mm) and produced by the Nasir glass industry in Bangladesh are studied herein. In this regard, at energies 59 keV, 661 keV

In this study, having designed the electronics readout and an appropriate PIN diode, the digital alpha-particle spectroscopy was undertaken by an external sound card digitizer. The designed electronic circuit simulation was performed using the LTSpice simulator. On the other hand, since the appropriate choice of digital pulse-shaper considerably improves the performance, a fast and easy-to-use pulse

Advancements in area monitoring caused by development of environmental monitoring networks which utilise active electronic dosimeters have led to widespread use of active area dosimeters. Currently, there are various sets of requirements for area dosimeters available in IEC standards. A clear distinction is not always made between requirements for area dosimeters used for workplace monitoring and that

Introduction Breast cancer treatments cause breast changes that are detectable in subsequent mammography exams. This work investigates if these changes are perceived as differences in breast composition by automatic exposure systems, and if such differences are high enough to have impact in exam doses. Methods Data was obtained for 226 patients treated with unilateral conservative surgery followed

The glass systems with composition of 17MgO–10Li2O-(57-X) B2O3–6BaO–10Na2O-XEu2O3 (X = 0.0(BMLNBa), 0.1(BMLNBaEu0.1), 0.3(BMLNBaEu0.3), 0.5(BMLNBaEu0.5) and 1.0(BMLNBaEu1.0) mol% were prepared and studied their optical, structural properties for scintillating applications. Density and refractive index of the glasses increases with increase in Eu2O3 content indicating close packing of glass network

The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was used to manufacture uniform SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, and TiO2 thin film coatings on thin steel plates (1.5 mm by 90 mm) to study heat transport properties when in contact with water at boiling temperature. To find the thickness and uniformity of the coatings, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were made. The captured images showed that the coating

The electron momentum densities of PbTi1-xZrxO3 (x = 0, 0.4 and 1) measured using high energy 137Cs Compton spectrometer are reported. To validate the measurements, theoretical Compton profiles (CPs) and electronic structure of PbTi1-xZrxO3 (x = 0, 0.4 and 1) are computed using the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method. Differences between experimental and theoretical CPs unveil that