In CoFe Prussian Blue Analogs (PBAs), a small difference in the number of alkali cation per unit cell can lead to drastic differences in the properties of the PBA. We investigate the origin of this effect in order to be able to control it and design new functional materials for data storage devices. Here we characterize the Cs0.7Co4[Fe(CN)6]2.8.17 H2O and Cs2Co4[Fe(CN)6]3.3.11H2O PBAs by Co K-edge

We proposed a depth-intensity curve discrimination (DCD) method for assessing absorbed dose contributions of hydroxyl radicals (HO·) due to thermal neutrons, fast neutrons, and gamma rays in accelerator-based mixed radiation fields, that are relevant to boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The HO· yields of thermal neutrons, fast neutrons, and gamma-rays measured by coumarin-3-carboxylic acid solutions

PET/CT tests are becoming increasingly important imaging tools in the noninvasive evaluation and children monitoring with known or suspected malignant diseases. This equipment allows the functional images overlapping obtained from the radiopharmaceuticals administration and anatomical images generated by X-ray beam attenuation. Although the immediate benefit to the individual patient can be substantial

Thermal insulation and excellent weatherability microcellular foams based on lightweight polymer are successfully developed from chlorinated polyethylene rubber/polyvinyl chloride (CM/PVC) compounds through electron beam irradiation cross-linking and chemical foaming technology. The effect of electron beam irradiation on the blends of CM/PVC foam prepared with different compositions starting from 70:30

The near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) is an established method employed for a compositional analysis of the samples. The information about sample's elemental composition is obtained through the observation of the soft X-ray (SXR) spectra in the proximity of the high energy side of the X-ray absorption edge of a particular element of interest. This technique allows one to characterize

We present an effect of the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) at surrounding atoms on K-edge magnetic extended x-ray absorption fine structure (MEXAFS). A contribution of the SOI to a K-edge MEXAFS spectrum is described by a perturbative way within a multiple scattering (MS) theory. A numerical calculation shows that a photoelectron single scattering by the SOI at surrounding atomic sites has a negligibly

The Fano resonance photoemission study of the Pb0.97Ge0.03Te crystal doped by sequential deposition of Sm atoms on the clean [111] surface was performed to determine the contribution of the Sm4f electrons to the valence band of the Pb0.97Ge0.03Te/Sm crystal and to monitor the process of introduction of Sm into the substrate crystal host lattice. After each deposition step and after subsequent thermal

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been used to analyze the change in iron oxidation state and coordination numbers of impact glasses from the Zhamanshin crater. Series of samples, specifically aerodynamically shaped small glassy bodies – irghizites, and silica-rich and silica-poor glasses – zhamanshinites, have been investigated. The Fe2.2+ oxidation state was determined for the irghizites and

A new approach to extract accurate information on the Fe oxidation state has been tested on three different Fe-rich amphiboles annealed at 194–520 °C. The method is based on the analysis of the pre-edge structure of the X-ray absorption spectra at the Fe-K edge. The pre-edge band is deconvolved into four Gaussian components where the integrated intensities of the pairs of lower- and higher-energy bands

X-ray absorption measurements of the liquid metal alloy In20Sn80 have been carried out between 573 and 1073 K. The temperature evolution of the structure is studied through reverse Monte Carlo simulations, combining EXAFS data and partial pair distribution functions. From the equilibrated configurations we were able to obtain information about bond-angle distributions and local geometries, probed by

Purpose The goal of this pilot study was to estimate the doses delivered during of pelvimetry Computed Tomography (CT) procedures in order to establish local diagnostic reference level (DRL) of Ibn Sina Children's Hospital of Rabat. Materials and methods This study consisted of examining a total of 30 patients. All CT examinations were performed with a SIEMENS Somatom Sensation 64 CT with Automatic

This study aimed to assess the main factors affecting radiographic image quality in selected routine radiography procedures, to establish guidelines for maintaining the expected quality, while keeping the patient radiation doses as low as possible. Entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) for 811 patients undergoing chest, abdomen and pelvis x-ray procedures in ten X-ray departments were assessed using the

This paper presents a review of process control methods in electron beam sterilization of medical devices. Starting from normative requirements, the proper use of different types of control charts to demonstrate that the process is in statistical control, is discussed in depth. Special emphasis is laid on the establishment of control limits. Their performance is analyzed using data from an actual electron

The measurement accuracy of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) patient-specific quality assurance (QA) is challenging as small-field dosimetry contains lateral charge disequilibrium, partial blocking of the beam source, and limitations based on the detector size. The aim of this study was to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of a two-dimensional high-resolution silicon diode array for SRT end-to-end

Accompanying the busy lifestyles of modern Malaysian, coffee is becoming one of the nations’ most popular stimulating drinks. In association with nutrients uptake, natural radionuclides in soil are also being taken up by the coffee plant, subsequently appearing in the human body through consumption of coffee. Present study concerns the assessment of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K in

The objectives of this work are preparation and study of properties of some shielding materials to protect public and personnel from the effect of ionizing radiation. In the present work the increment in mass attenuation coefficients (μm) by using Lead oxide (PbO) and/or Iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles instead of bulk lead and iron oxides was investigated. Lead oxide nanostructure was synthesized

The aims of this study were to construct a mouse model based on experimental data and to evaluate two approaches for a radiation dosimetry study on the development of a new radiopharmaceutical based on MIRD Formalism with free software. The first one obtaining S-values from a reference model and with these data calculating the absorbed doses. The second consisting of a specific anatomy mouse considering

Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with hippocampal avoidance improves neurocognitive function deterioration. To improve both planning and treatment efficiency, we investigated the feasibility of using the coplanar volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique with various head flexion angles for hippocampal avoidance during WBRT. Six patients with brain metastases were selected for the study. We

The aim of the study was to evaluate the radiation entrance skin dose (ESD) in most radiographic X-ray examinations in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. The study was carried out in 3 different hospitals in Taif City. These hospitals are indicated in this study as I, II, and III. In total, 221 images were acquired at the aforementioned hospitals by using two different techniques of dose assessment, DosCal software

The objective of our work was to investigate the specificity of the European standard method of analysis EN 1787:2000 “Detection of irradiated food-containing cellulose by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy”. Butz and Hildebrand (2006) have expressed doubts about the specifity of the methods when applied to walnuts and hazelnuts in shells. To this end, walnuts and hazelnuts in shell were bleached

Secondary electron energy dependent ionization cross-sections for the C2H2 and C2H5OH molecules by electron-collision have been calculated at a set of impinging electron energies 100 and 200 eV. The revisited Jain-Khare semiempirical approach based on the Born approximation has been employed to calculate these cross-sections. The averaged secondary electron energy and the integral total ionization

Phantom has been widely used in the medical field, especially for radiography. The aims of this study is to determine the linear attenuation coefficient and mass attenuation coefficient of the composite gelatin, particleboard from Rhizophora spp, and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as constituents of soft tissue phantom. Phantom has been synthesized from gelatin for various concentrations (16%, 20%, 24%, and

Spectrally resolved thermoluminescence (SR-TL) measurements of beta irradiated chemically pure KCl pellets were carried out. Before each SR-TL measurement the pellets were measured using continuous wave optically stimulated luminescence (CW-OSL) with a green stimulation source. It was found that CW-OSL readout significantly affects the SR-TL response with respect to both total intensity and spectral

Nanostructures have generated interest in science and industry due to their properties and diverse applications. In this review we examine interaction of radiation with nanostructures, focusing on published works from 2010 to 2019. Specifically, we look at studies that attempt to measure transient species formed during radiolysis in the presence of nanostructures, and discuss the value of different

In optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLD), the intensity of luminescent is a function of the dose of radiation absorbed and then it may be utilized as the basis of a radiation dosimetry method. For photons in the energy range from 1 keV to 20 MeV, the Kerma coefficients for fifteen OSLD, air, and ICRU standard tissue were calculated respectively from the analytical method and Monte Carlo

The radiocatalytic behavior of zinc oxide (ZnO), hafnia (HfO2), titania (TiO2), and gold-titania ([email protected]2) nanomaterials was investigated through the degradation of methylene blue as the organic probe. The dye degradation by X-rays from a medical linear accelerator with endpoint energy of 6 MeV was enhanced in the presence of the oxide-based nanoparticles evidencing their promise as radiosensitizers

Phytosanitary irradiation treatment is used to control insects in fresh commodities so that the commodities can be safely exported to pest-free areas. The goal of phytosanitary irradiation is to prevent reproduction. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage creating a low oxygen environment are used to preserve the quality of fruits and vegetables. Low oxygen is known

Incomplete curing of sheet moulding compounds (SMC), as well as the post-curing and outgassing during the industrial thermal coating process, are the two main reasons for the coating problems of SMC Class-A automotive parts. Furthermore, their surface properties as contact angle and surface roughness strongly depend on the processing parameters of thermal curing and coating as well as cleaning and

Absorbed dose from gamma radiation is one of the most important safety considerations when planning a nuclear facility decommissioning. In this paper, a local method of characteristics (LMOC) is presented for gamma dose assessment in three-dimensional space. The LMOC method – an improvement on the method of characteristics (MOC) - performs local area-based ray tracking to improve the computation efficiency

We have systematically enlarged Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock wavefunctions for the relativistic configuration interaction calculation to include the Breit interaction and quantum electrodynamic corrections for evaluating fine structure data of He-like ions having non-zero nuclear spin for five 3d group elements Scandium, Vanadium, Manganese, Cobalt and Copper. Computed energy levels, transition probabilities

The present paper proposes a novel model for estimating the free-volume size of porous materials based on the analysis of various experimental ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime data. The model is derived by combining the semi-classical (SE) physics model, which works in the region of large pores (pore size R> 1 nm), with the conventional Tao-Eldrup (TE) model, which is applicable only for the small-pore

Incomplete charge collection efficiency of employed ion chamber for high energy photon dosimetry is one of the main concerns which should be compensated. In this regard, a correction factor, known as recombination correction factor (Ks), has been introduced by different methods. The aim of this study is to measure and compare the obtained Ks values by different recommended protocols for a Farmer-type

The melt quenching technique used to prepare tungsten gadolinium borate (Eu: WGdB) glasses doped with different concentrations of Eu3+ ions. The structural and spectroscopic analysis have been carried out by density, molar volume, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), UV-VIS-NIR absorption, excitation, emission spectra and decay time measurements. The glasses containing WO3 exhibit a high density of

Computed tomography angiography (CTA), a noninvasive imaging procedure, is frequently used for the diagnosis of blood vessel diseases. Pediatric patients are more sensitive to radiation than adults due to their rapidly dividing cells and long life expectancy. Thus, evaluation of pediatric exposure is crucial to ensure that the procedure is justified and the practice is optimized. The objectives of

Yttrium (Y3+) doped barium zirconate titanate, (Ba1-xY2x/3)(Zr0.20Ti0.80)O3; BYZT ceramics with varying x (0 = x ≤ 0.10) were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. These samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the XRD patterns were fitted using the Rietveld refinement. The local structural changes of the BYZT ceramics were investigated by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Structural, Morphological and neutron attenuation properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with molybdenum trioxide composite material obtained by solid state mixing of pellets and powder components via hot pressing have been studied. In this work, Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene and MoO3 has been utilized with different concentration using a hot compression

The scavenging of primary free radicals generated during radiolysis of water (eaq−, •OH, •H) and CO2•‒ (reducing radical) or N3• (oxidizing radical) by PERK inhibitor, AMD (3-acetyl-6-methylheptane-2,4-dione) and APD (3-acetyl-2,4-pentanedione) has been studied with details. AMD is a low molecular weight inhibitor of the PERK-dependent antiproliferative signaling pathway and constitutes the foundation

One of the problems of measuring high radioactivity in an emergency scenario is the fact that the detector can become saturated or reach a measuring dead time too high to give reliable results, which means repeating the measurement in different conditions with the associated delay in obtaining the results and the laboratory workers' risk of exposure. The counting rate can be controlled by varying the

Radiosensitization using high atomic number nanoparticles (NPs) has been shown to be an effective method to enhance radiotherapy efficiency. The pathways by which NPs cause sensitization, are generally categorized as physical, chemical and biological effects. Specifically in the case of keV photon radiotherapy where the contribution of physical effects in radiosensitization mechanism is considerable

Hafnium Oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by precipitation method and analyzed for its structural, Morphological and dosimetric properties. The structural and morphological properties are examined by utilizing XRD and FESEM. The investigation of dosimetric parameter has been carried out with the usage of annealing and thermal quenching of HfO2 NPs. The monoclinic phase arrangements of HfO2

Based on the available measured energy loss data, the fitting coefficients involved in effective charge parameterization of Hubert et al. formulation are re-revised and developed the energy loss formulation for heavy ions with Z1 = 3–36 in the energy region ∼0.2–3.0 MeV/n. The computed values based on the presently developed formulation are compared with the measured values and found good agreement

Plasma focus devices (PFD) produce copious flux of ions in particular hydrogen ions in 4π space. To achieve dense plasma pinch and then the emission of hydrogen ions at a voltage of 13 kV, experiments have been carried out at various gas pressures inside the chamber. Discharge current signals were recorded by Rogowski coil to choose only discharges with a high degree of current sheath symmetry and

In the scope to the discovery of new detectors for high and very-high gamma and neutron radiation dose (mGy-MGy), synthetic polycrystals of CaSiO3 have been produced by the devitrification method in our laboratory. CaSiO3 polycrystals were irradiated with thermal, epithermal and a small fraction of fast neutrons. In the position of irradiation, the thermal neutron flux is about 83% of the total neutron

This work investigated the mechanical, self-healing, and thermal neutron shielding properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels with the addition of varying samarium oxide (Sm2O3) or gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) contents from 0 to 10.5 wt% in 3.5 wt% increments, prepared using a freezing/thawing method. The results showed that the addition of Sm2O3 and Gd2O3 fillers could greatly enhance the thermal

We present relativistic multi-configuration Dirac-Fock calculations for the energies and oscillator strengths of He-like Al11+ ion within a dense plasma. The average-atom ion-sphere potential and the uniform electron gas model potential are used to represent the interaction between the charge particles. Self-consistent calculations of dense plasma effects on the atomic structure, based on the above

Background Quantifying acute hypoxia is desirable yet challenging in radiation therapy. Here, we report a simulation study on the feasibility of mapping acute hypoxia, generated in a 2D simulation vasculature of a pancreas model, using in situ 15O washout images. The influence of varying tissue types and photon beam energies was investigated. Results An ex vivo autoradiography 64Cu-ATSM image of a

Macadamia oil extraction is commonly performed by cold pressing. This process presents low extraction yields, generating partially defatted meal as a byproduct. To take advantage of their important nutritious components, we propose to use the cake after lipid extraction as a food ingredient following the elimination of potentially hazardous microbiological contamination. Food irradiation is a mature

We present a theoretical and experimental study of the subshell resolved L-shell ionization of relativistic targets such as 73Ta, 78Pt,90Th, and 92U. The measurements of x-ray production cross sections by (84–140 MeV) Si+q ions (q = 8; 12), were held at the Inter-University Accelerator Centre of New Delhi. Multiple-hole fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields were used to obtain the Li(i = 1–3)ionization

Imaging techniques using protons are currently being actively developed for proton therapy. Presently, many researchers use the GEANT4 toolkit to simulate proton imaging devices, without, however, detailed analysis of its precision for the case of thick absorbers. In this paper we present a systematic comparison of the quantities important for proton imaging as simulated by different physics lists

A nanocomposite photocatalyst of TiO2 nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide (rGO-TNTAs) were prepared by γ-ray radiolysis. The rGO-TNTAs were studied for photocatalytic decomposition of ethylene (C2H4) in a refrigerated environment. Degradation efficiency of ethylene by these materials was described by the apparent first-order rate constant (K). The composite was characterized by Raman spectroscopy (RS)

The article presents research aimed at developing a new method of detecting diamonds among the particles of accompanying minerals. The method is based on the effect of a weak absorption of scattered X-ray radiation by diamonds in comparison with a stronger absorption by the particles of accompanying materials. The productivity of the method is up to 10 kg per hour, it is used for the final refinement

The dual-energy (DE) technique is useful in chest radiography because it can separate anatomical structures, such as bone and soft tissue. The standard log subtraction, simple smoothing of the high-energy image, anti-correlated noise reduction, and general linear noise reduction algorithms have been used as conventional DE techniques to separate bone and soft tissue. However, conventional DE techniques

The desired arrangement of the electron accelerator and the reaction vessel for large-scale electron-beam treatment of water at absorbed doses of several kGy is considered from a technological point of view. Each of the accelerators tested earlier showed the potential to irradiate no more than 20 thousand m3 per day, which is many times less than practical needs. At the same time, there are no power

Hydrogel dressings are crosslinked hydrophilic polymers able of swelling in presence of water and can be used in many different types of wound care. In turn, in wound care, silver has been used for a long time as an effective antimicrobial agent. Recent studies have demonstrated an increase of its antimicrobial action when it is used at nanometer scale, that is, as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which

Various methods of nanoparticle syntheses using ionizing radiation exist nowadays. The synthesis often proceeds in aqueous solutions and therefore the core principle lies in the radiolysis of water and subsequent reactions of formed intermediates with dissolved compounds. There is a noticeable variety of inorganic nanoscale materials prepared by radiation methods, mostly using gamma or accelerated

Photo- and electron-beam (EB) polymerizations are considered green methods used to create numerous polymer products each year. Because they are often used to create similar products and have similar advantages, they are sometimes thought of as indistinguishable. However, fundamental differences exist between the two initiation mechanisms that lead to differences in the resulting polymer properties

This study presents the 2019 findings of the acceptance testing and routine quality control (QC) for the general radiographic X-ray equipment such as film/screen fixed systems in Malaysia. Acceptance testing and routine QC of the diagnostic X-ray imaging equipment are the requirements for the standard radiation apparatus and should be compared to the requirements for European and RADIATION SAFETY STANDARD