The different characteristics of saturated solutions of Xe and Xe existing as ultra-fine bubble water (Xe-UFB) were observed using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis. The dissolved concentration of the 2 atm Xe-saturated solution was measured accurately by changing the XAFS measurement spectrum. For Xe-UFB, the time change of the dissolved Xe concentration at the time of exposure to the

Experimental X-ray production cross sections in matter are key to fundamental ion-atom interaction studies. They also find practical applications such as in the advancement of ion beam materials analysis techniques like Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) spectroscopy. Experimental work shows that heavy ion probes induce higher X-ray yields in target atoms compared to light ions of the same velocity

The transformations of isolated toluene molecules under X-ray radiolysis in solid noble gas matrices at 6 K were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that the efficiency of the radiation-induced decomposition of toluene was generally comparable to that of benzene. Meanwhile, a remarkable matrix effect was observed: toluene is more stable than benzene in an argon matrix, whereas it becomes

Yttrium-90 (90Y) bremsstrahlung imaging is very complex which increases the demands on the imaging protocol and reconstruction. We evaluate the choice of collimator and energy windows (EWs) settings. All images were acquired using low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) collimator, medium-energy general-purpose (MEGP) and high-energy general-purpose (HEGP) in different energy windows (EWs) settings, ranging

In radiation physics and dosimetry it is important to obtain an accurate analytical result for the measurements. This could be possible by controlling of some parameters of the experimental system. The detection efficiency is one of the most important parameter and it should be known in radiation measurements. In this study, the detection efficiency of a 3″ × 3″ NaI(Tl) scintillation detector has been

This work aims to describe experimental efforts to further development of an energy-selective based interrogation technique using a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fast neutron generator. In this approach, elemental decomposition of a sample can be performed. Limitations of the technique include uncertainties related to the neutron spectrum and the actual elemental cross-section data. To circumvent these

Purpose This study aims to characterize an X-ray irradiator (CellRad™, Precision X-ray Inc., North Branford, CT) for use with cells using its internal parallel-plate ionization chamber by evaluating the linearity and repeatability of dose and dose rates delivered by the machine. Methodology Using the on-board software modules for X-ray irradiation, dose linearity and repeatability tests were performed

In this work, Diamond like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on titanium substrate by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. The influences of RF power and CH4 gas flow rate on the properties of the DLC films were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron-based near-edge X-ray absorption find structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The results

Macusanite is a natural volcanic glass, which is produced by the rapid cooling of magma during a volcanic eruption. Since it typically contains concentrations of uranium, it can be used for fission-track dating. Understanding the fission-track formation process and its morphology in natural volcanic glass is of major importance in this dating method. Therefore, in this work the latent fission-track

Introduction An accurate description of the radiation quality of proton beams is a precondition to increase our understanding of radiobiological mechanisms and to develop accurate biological response models for radiotherapy. However, there are few detectors capable of measuring microdosimetric quantities with high spatial resolution along the entire Bragg curve due to the rapid increase in stopping

Limited shelf life due to processing associated microbial contamination is one of the major challenging issues with minimally processed ‘Ready to Bake’ (RTB) vegetable products leading to huge post-processing losses. In the current study, three minimally processed vegetables, i.e. tomato, bell pepper and white onion, which are widely used in fast food industries (FFI), such as pizza and burger as well

We present a study on the effect of high dose (kGy) electron beams on pure silica core fibers through examining the following phenomena within the fibers: radioluminescence (RL), radiation induced attenuation (RIA), and recovery. The objective is to identify the relevant characteristics of these fibers having favourable radiation response, that can be utilized in the development of dose measurement

The success of biomaterials depends on several factors that determine their proper interaction with the biological environment. Their physical and chemical properties, such as the rigidity of the substrate and the topography and chemistry of the surface, have an important influence on cellular behavior. This work describes the modification of the surface of polyethylenterephthalate (PET) films with

This study focused on both the degradation behavior of a β-lactam antibiotic, cephalosporin C (CEP-C) and abatement of antibiotic resistance genes from fermentation residues by gamma irradiation. The results were compared to those obtained by pyrolysis at both 130 °C and 165 °C. Both techniques were effective to remove CEP-C from the fermentation residues and the degradation rate of CEP-C was initially

Defatted soy flour (DSF)-based Rhizophora spp. particleboard phantoms with varying content of itaconic acid polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (IA-PAE) and sodium hydroxide were prepared, and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive

1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene (TPB) is an organic wavelength-shifting (WLS) material, which can down-convert wavelength from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region to blue-visible region. When it is used in noble element detectors, TPB will be applied in strong radiation fields, so the radiation-resistance behavior of TPB is of crucial importance. The radiation effects of α and γ irradiation on TPB were

A comparison between EGSnrc, Penelope and Geant4 has been made for dosimetry applied to Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT). A simple geometry is defined to limit the number of influential parameters and to focus primarily on the dose associated with scattered photons. Use was made of a precalculated photon spectrum for the ESRF ID17 Medical beamline ranging from 40-300 keV with a mean energy of 107 keV

This study explored linear dose-responses of nano-graphene oxide (GO) using quantitative percent transmittance values in FTIR spectroscopy. First, the samples containing nano-graphene oxide powder were gamma-irradiated in the range of 0–80 kGy. Immediately after the irradiation, the samples underwent various tests including HRTEM and FTIR for characterization purposes. The primary results indicated

In this study, gamma ray and neutrons shielding features were evaluated for La+3 co-doped zinc borotellurite glasses with chemical formula {[(TeO2)0.70(B2O3)0.30]0.7(ZnO)0.30}1-x(La2O3)x: 0.01≤ x ≤ 0.05 mol%. Firstly, the mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MAC, LAC) for glasses were calculated via Photon Shielding and Dosimetry (PSD) software (Phy-X/PSD) in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV.

One of the main issues in the analysis of the performances of radiation detectors via Monte Carlo methods is their sensitivity with respect to the various irradiation parameters: source intensity and position, detector effectiveness and sensitivity, etc. In the present work, the capability of a quite new Trueinvivo© micro-silica beads TLD has been analyzed from the point of view of the Monte Carlo

This work presents a detailed investigation into the nanodosimetric properties of the track structure of protons in water at energies relevant for proton radiotherapy. The ionization component of the tracks had been simulated in previous work using Geant4-DNA for proton start energies between 1 MeV and 100 MeV. From the simulation results, the frequency distribution of ionization clusters formed in

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, and therefore, there is an undeniable need to ensure early screening and detection systems worldwide. The aim of this project was to study the feasibility of a Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scanner for simultaneous breast and lung lesion imaging. Additionally, the development of reconstruction algorithms and the study of their impact

Purpose To study the agreement between proton microdosimetric distributions measured with a silicon-based cylindrical microdosimeter and a previously published analytical microdosimetric model based on Geant4-DNA in-water Monte Carlo simulations for low energy proton beams. Methods and material Distributions for lineal energy (y) are measured for four proton monoenergetic beams with nominal energies

In interventional radiology attendant staff can be exposed to significant doses from the radiation scattered from the patient, giving rise to heterogeneous energy distribution, exposure occurring over extended periods of time. Protection of staff is a prime concern, also including reducing the risk of carcinogenesis. With only limited published studies available, as in for instance in regard to lens

The motivation of this study is development of a technique to construct energy spectrum of higher price/high resolution detectors (e.g. NaI (Tl)) using spectrum of lower price/low resolution detectors (e.g. NE102). Since there is no explicit mathematical model between these type of detectors (i.e. organic and inorganic scintillator detectors), it is necessary to utilize model-free methods. Construction

A study of damage and the concentration of radiation-induced paramagnetic defects by He+ and Ar+ ion beam irradiation in porous silicon is presented. Porous silicon layers were fabricated and irradiated with beams of noble gases ions. The shift in a crystalline phase line in Raman spectra was used to estimate the size of nanocrystallites in the structure of porous silicon at different irradiation fluences

A study was made of the introduction rate of radiation defects ΔNdef/ΔD versus the fast electron irradiation dose (D) in semiconductor crystals of n-Si and n-GaP. We take the concentration of radiation defects concentration Ndef to be the difference between the carrier concentration of semiconductors before n0 and after irradiation n(D) at the dose D, delivered at room temperature. By application of

The study objectives were to simulate a 6 MV flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beam of a TrueBeam Varian LINAC, using the PRIMO code. The depth-dose profiles for various jaw open fields and cross-beam profiles for various depths inside water phantoms were determined using PRIMO simulations and were compared with the EGSnrc simulation results. A 93% match between both codes has generally been obtained

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has attracted attention as an energy conversion material for optoelectronics and ionization radiation detector applications. ZnO thin films were fabricated on quartz substrates by using sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. The structural and the optical properties of ZnO thin films before and after gamma irradiation (0, 54.72, 109.44 and 164.16 kGy) have been systematically investigated

Realizing the probable health risk via the exposures to gamma radiations caused by terrestrial radionuclides, concentrations of 4 K, 226Ra(238U) and 232Th radionuclides in popularly used building materials were investigated by gamma-ray spectroscopy. A total of 173 samples representative of major building materials (both structural and decorative category) used for Nigerian dwellings were studied.

Recently much attention has been paid to microbeam and minibeam irradiations, present interest focusing on their use in study of the behaviour of single cells, groups of cells, also their application in spatially fractionated radiotherapy. Synchrotrons are the most common source for microbeam radiotherapy (MRT), albeit limited in access and typically offering photon energies very much lower than familiar

The spectroscopic properties of the gamma irradiated BaF2:Er3+ crystals were studied. BaF2:0.2 mol% ErF3 crystal was grown using the vertical Bridgman method. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, Ωt (t = 2,4,6) for f-f transitions of Er3+ ions were determined from optical absorption spectra recorded before and after gamma irradiation at various doses. The influence of gamma irradiation dose on the

Present study compares two different 3D radiotherapy techniques: three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and 3D external-beam radiation dose fields from computerized treatment plans, produced for 30 prostate cancer patients. All of the patients were the subject of treatment at the National Cancer Institute in Egypt. Evaluation was made of dose homogeneity within the target volume and the

Nanosecond Nd:YAG laser was used to synthesize metal oxide thin films of CdO structure and it is mixed with ZnO structure (CdO/ZnO composite structure) using pulsed laser deposition technique in the evacuated chamber at 450 °C. It based on novel way by switching the ablation process between Cd metal and Zn metal. The structure, composition and morphology were investigated by using XRD, UV-VIS-NIR diffuse

In the present research, seven Mannich bases, bioactive compounds, as anticancer drug proposed which have different chemical composition has been studied comprehensively in terms of photons and charged particles protecting features. Aryl part of the compounds was changed as phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-nitrophenyl and 4-chlorophenyl. The experimental values

Macrocyclic 18-crown-6⋅SrCl2 and 18-crown-6⋅YCl3⋅4.25H2O complexes were synthesized, characterized by FTIR and DSC/TGA analysis and exposed to X-rays irradiation to study their resistance to polyether ring cleavage at early radiolysis stages by using EPR spectroscopy. Yttrium complex was found to be less stable in comparison with that of strontium as evidenced by a higher fraction of acyclic radicals

The simultaneous occurrence of two double-strand breaks in spatially separated locations on the DNA molecule can cause the loss of a whole DNA loop. The length of the lost DNA loop depends on the geometrical position of the two damaged sites and on the degree of damage in sites of several nanometres in size. As they are more prone to produce complex ionisation clusters in such sites, densely ionising

Samples from modified borate Hench's bioglass of nominal composition (45B2O3-24.5Na2O-24.5CaO–6P2O5 wt. %) were successfully synthesized. Both effects of varying gamma irradiation doses (1–10 M rad) and varying dipping times in Simulated Body Fluid (1–4 weeks) were simultaneously studied through different techniques. FTIR resultant spectra of the considered bio-borate glass show bands in the range

Estimation of radionuclides in closed water is an essential licensing issue since it concerns the surroundings' safety, especially for inland sites. As the receiving water of inland nuclear power plant, closed water's flow processes are slow, unstable as well as highly nonlinear, leading to difficulty in monitoring of radionuclides. The traditional method aims to detect the photopeak of γ spectrum

Determination is made of glow curves attributes of Ge-doped silica fibres fabricated from Ge-doped preforms. In particular interest is in Ge-doped cylindrical (Ge-CF) and Ge-doped flat (Ge-FF). The fabrications are irradiated using various ionizing radiation sources types, protons (150 MeV, 210 MeV), 6 and 10 MV photons, 6 MeV electrons, and 60Co gammas (mean energy 1.25 MeV), all at a constant dose

This study investigated the optimal doses of gamma irradiation for the production of Manila clam porridge (MCP) as a hygienically safe and sterilized patient food. It also evaluated the effects of MCP with hesperidin, which was selected to improve the immune activities, of immune-suppressed model mice using gamma irradiation. As a result, the aerobic microorganisms were reduced by gamma irradiation

Silicon phthalocyanine dichloride (SiPcCl2) thin films was prepared using thermal evaporation technique. The optical and structural properties of the films were examined before and after gamma irradiation process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigated the structure of SiPcCl2. Moreover, optical properties were studied before and

Rectal associated complications secondary to intracavitary brachytherapy of cervical cancers has long been among the main concerns of practitioners. The heterogeneous doses produced by brachytherapy enhances the probability of hotspots formation and morbidities in organs at the risk (OARs). Although different studies have focused on correlating inter-fraction/application D2cc dose variations with OARs

One the most complicated gastrointestinal procedures, endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) uses fluoroscopy guidance of an endoscope to diagnose and treat hepatobiliary system pathologies. As is true of all approved interventional radiology, it is justified by the massive benefit that it is capable of delivering, one which for the patient far outweighs the risks from radiation exposure

Radioisotopes represent major sources of ionizing radiation, not least for use in medical applications, brachytherapy and nuclear medicine included. In this, the nuclear reactor is the main source of β- - γ emitting isotopes, an example product being 153Sm used in the treatment of pain arising from bone metastases. Present analysis relates to the potential of gadolinium neutron capture reaction, its

Reflecting upon the influence of current diagnostic imaging radiation protection practices in Sudan, a sampling evaluation is made of administered activity across all five of the nuclear medicine departments in the country. Data were collected in respect of 423 patients, administered nuclide activities showing accord with international levels. For administered activity, four of the five departments

With 75.4% of the effective doses from imaging estimated to result from computed tomography (CT), it is the leading source of medical radiation. This important observation links with a further estimate that some 2% of all cancers are a result of medical imaging exposures. Acknowledging justification and optimization to be key towards preventing unnecessary radiation exposure, present study aims to

Extensive study on a variety of symmetric trialkyl phosphates (TalP) has revealed that tris(2-methylbutyl) phosphate (T2MBP) could be considered as a promising alternate extractant to tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) for various solvent extraction procedures, especially in the case of fast reactor fuel reprocessing. However, the highly radioactive nature of the dissolver solution generated from spent fuel

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men. Bone scan is part of the staging modality commonly used to evaluate bone metastasis. A bone scan with diffused increased skeletal tracer uptake relative to soft tissue, combined with faint renal activity is known as a superscan. However, a primary concern are false negatives associated with bone scans, where diffuse metastasis is indistinguishable

Direct current dielectrical measurements were performed on samples of natural volcanic glass Macusanite with and without previous heat treatment at 650 °C for 10 h. Samples were analyzed via Source Measure Unit Keithley 238 instrument, which applies a voltage to provide the corresponding current. Moreover, the electrical measurements were also performed on a fission-induced irradiated sample in order

Radiations in medicine cover a wide range of applications, predominantly in diagnosis imaging and radiotherapy, encompassing photons (x- and γ-rays) and particle radiation, as well as with the use of liquid sources in nuclear medicine focusing on physiological functional imaging, tumour detection or targeted radiotherapy. The biological interactions of ionizing radiation naturally to questions of benefits

In this paper, we present Compton profiles (CPs) of sesquioxides Er2O3 and Yb2O3 using 662 keV gamma-rays emitted by 20 Ci 137Cs source. To validate experimental momentum densities, theoretical CPs, energy bands, density of states (DOS), Mulliken's population of the both sesquioxides have been computed using linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method with pure and hybrid density functional

Nuclear and radiological accidents can result in internal exposures of workers (including first responders) and general population. For this reason it is necessary precise and rapid methods are developed in order to ensure capabilities for monitoring and dose assessments of internally contaminated persons. The Whole Body Counter (WBC) of the Center for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research

During the operational life of a PET cyclotron, the concrete walls of the vault are activated by secondary neutrons. For the dismantling of such accelerator facilities, a considerable amount of low level solid radioactive waste has to be characterized and disposed. To decrease future dismantling costs and complexity, the amount of radioactive waste has to been prospectively evaluated in the design

Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) examination is one of the essential imaging procedures to detect pulmonary embolism (PE). Despite its advantages, it may contribute high dose exposure to the patients if unoptimized parameters were applied. Numbers of optimization techniques have been introduced to reduce dose while preserving the diagnostic quality of the procedure. Hence, this study

The structural stability and guest occupation behavior of argon-loaded hydroquinone (Ar-HQ) clathrates after γ-irradiation were investigated through a suite of diffraction, spectroscopic, and thermogravimetric methods. Ar-HQ, synthesized via the gas-phase reaction method at 12 MPa for 10 days showed complete structural transformation from pure α-form into β-form HQ clathrates. Upon γ-irradiation up

Flame-retardant neutron shielding materials were synthesized based on ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer and with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), boron carbide (B4C), zinc borate (ZB) as fillers. With the increase of filler content, the tensile strength of the composite increased primarily and then decreased, and the elongation at break continued to decrease. CNTs and ZB formed a synergistic

In our previous study, we employed the ab initio molecular dynamics method to confirm experimental observations that the radiation resistance of the GaAs/AlAs superlattice is enhanced by the introduction of Ga to the AlAs layer. However, the radiation performances of GaAs/AlAs and GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices under the external conditions, such as temperature and higher radiation energy, remain unclear

Excessive exposure to radiation has an adverse impact on human health, as an increase in body temperature may damage human organs or tissues, including the brain, eyes, and skin. Hence, this study assessed the effect of overexposure of radiation on the human head by analysing specific absorption rate (SAR) and reduction of SAR through the use of novel metamaterial (MTM). The SAR reduction was performed

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials-based photodetectors have attracted great attention because of quick response time, excellent photoresponsivity and high light/dark current ratio. α-In2Se3 is one of the interesting 2D vdW materials for photodetectors because of the interrelated in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) polarizations. It has been demonstrated that the polarizations can