The third spectrum of bismuth (Bi III) with its ground configuration 5d106s26p has been investigated in the wavelength region 278-2000 Å using spectrograms recorded on a 3-m normal incidence vacuum spectrograph. The observed spectrum was interpreted using semi-empirical calculations with Cowan's code in the framework of the quasi-Relativistic Hartree-Fock method. Analyses made by previous investigators

Dyadic Green's function for a multilayered spherical structure with alternating graphene-dielectric shells is extracted in this paper. To this end, the unknown expansion coefficients of the scattering superposition method are obtained by considering graphene local surface currents at the interface of two adjacent layers. To validate the formulas, the procedure of Mie scattering analysis employing our

The relativistic hyperfine constants of the heavy inert gas element xenon-131 isotope have been calculated. The calculations, executed through the Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method, yield the hyperfine constants of 128 levels belonging to the ns[K]J (n = 6, 7, 8, 9), nf [K]J (n = 4, 5, 6), nd[K]J (n = 5, 6, 7, 8), np[K]J (n = 6, 7, 8) and 5g[K]J intermediate Rydberg series. In order to draw

The helium singlet 1s4d-1s2p line (492.2 nm) has been measured in a corona discharge done in liquid helium at 4.2 K. A significant shift towards the blue direction is visible on the spectrum. Using an empirical model for the He-He* potential energy difference, we have performed a fitting of the line shape. The best-fit result is in good agreement with the experimental spectrum. It is shown that the

We present an algorithm and FORTRAN codes to compute the opposition effects in the reflection of light from a semi-infinite discrete random medium at normal incidence to the boundary of the medium. It is assumed that the medium is sparse enough that the waves propagating between the scatterers are spherical. In this case, the reflection matrix is determined only by contributions of the incoherent (diffuse)

The forms of potential energy surfaces (PESs), in particular, the potential functions of internal rotation, the heights and forms of potential barriers to internal rotation and the energies of torsional levels, can control some important properties of molecules and substances, as well as the pathways and mechanisms of molecular processes. Usually, the determination of the "experimental" potential function

Earth's atmosphere contains interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), which are a key ingredient to understand planetary phenomena, yet the study of their physicochemical properties without external interferences at the single-particle level is limited. With the optical-trapping (OT) technique, a single dust particle can be stably trapped in air for subsequent characterization. We report on measurements

The optical properties of non-spherical particles have been studied for decades and there are a number of solution techniques to model distinct geometries. Of these methods, the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) is known to compute electromagnetic scattering from irregularly shaped, heterogeneous particles. DDSCAT, which is the numerical implementation of DDA, is identified as a potential solver

The accuracy of atmospheric trace gas retrievals depends directly on the accuracy of the molecular absorption model used within the retrieval algorithm. For remote sensing of well-mixed gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), where the atmospheric variability is small compared to the background, the quality of the molecular absorption model is key. Recent updates to oxygen (O2) absorption coefficients

Similar to ethane (C2H6), monodeuterated ethane (C2H5D) has a bright series of Q-branches in the CH stretch region, between about 2960 - 3020 cm−1 (3.38 - 3.31 µm). As the progressions in the different isotopes are slightly offset from one another, the new C2H5D model enables sensitive constrains of the D/H ratio in spectra from comets, in organics across the Solar System and beyond. Specifically,

We numerically simulate multiple light scattering in discrete disordered media represented by large clusters of irregular non-absorbing particles. The packing density of clusters is 0.5. With such conditions diffuse scattering is significantly reduced and light transport follows propagation channels that are determined by the particle size and topology of the medium. This kind of localization produces

In this study the capabilities of the Dynamic Radiative Transfer System (DRTS) are shown, both for expressing the temporal and spatial behavior of photon propagation, and most importantly for imaging through optically complex turbid media. A light-beam with linear-shaped source profile was employed and pulse durations ranging from the continuous down to the ultra-fast regime were studied. By further

The photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) used to measure altitude-resolved 532 nm backscatter intensity by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) do not recover rapidly following exposure to very high light levels (e.g., from optically dense water clouds). Instead, they exhibit exponentially decaying “noise tails” that can cause substantial misestimates when determining layer base altitudes

The 13CH4 absorption spectra in the range between 7400 and 7600 cm−1 have been recorded at 4 temperatures from 296 K to 200 K using a Fourier transform spectrometer at pressures from 1 to 300 hPa, and at a 0.01 and 0.03 cm−1 spectral resolution. A 60 cm multipath cell with a path length of 1920 cm and a 220 long cm low temperature cell were used, which provided a threshold sensitivity to absorption

In our previous publications we have presented revised and extended versions of Hottel’s total emissivity charts for water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and their mixtures. In applications, not only emissivity but also absorptivity is required. In 1935, Hottel and Mangelsdorf produced formulae for calculating total absorptivity using total emissivity for carbon dioxide and water vapor. In

We present a comprehensive study on the temperature-dependent mid-infrared absorption spectra between 8.4 μm and 11.7 μm for a complete list of C3 - C4 alkenes, namely propene, 1-butene, cis-/trans-2-butene and isobutene, as well as 1,3-butadiene, from room temperature to roughly 1000 K. The methodology deploys a rapid-tuning, broad-scan external-cavity quantum-cascade laser (EC-QCL) in a shock tube

Fengyun (FY) satellite program is becoming the important component of global earth observing system. Its instrumental performance, i.e., data quality and stability, play a critical role to support the quantitative applications, such as atmospheric and surface parameter retrievals, numerical weather prediction (NWP) and the production of Climate Data Records (CDRs). For monitoring the instrumental performance

A new interpolative-based approximation to the second-order maximum-entropy, M2, moment closure for predicting radiative heat transfer in gray participating media is proposed and described. In addition to preserving many of the desirable mathematical properties of the original M2 closure, the proposed interpolative approximation provides significant reductions in computational costs compared to the

The A1Π(v = 1) level of the 12C18O isotopologue was precisely reinvestigated with two complementary spectroscopic techniques. High resolution B1Σ+ → A1Π(0, 1), (1, 1) and C1Σ+ → A1Π(0, 1) emission bands were recorded in the visible region, 20,700 – 26,100 cm−1, with a 1.71 m Fourier-transform spectrometer (Bruker IFS 125-HR) installed at the University of Rzeszów. The resulting line centre accuracy

The high resolution infrared spectrum of hydrogen sulfide H232S was recorded with a Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and analyzed in the region of 4400–5400 cm−1 where ro–vibrational bands of the so–called first hexad of hydrogen sulfide are located. The present study is focused on the weak 4ν2 band. The 505 transitions with maximum values of the quantum numbers Jmax = 17 and

A wavelength-selective optical switch by thermally controlling which has higher transmittance at metallic phase of Vanadium dioxide (VO2) and lower transmittance at insulating phase is presented. By skillfully designing the structure, magnetic polaritons (MPs) are excited to enhance transmission to 0.79 indicating “on” mode with VO2 at metallic phase. The coupling between two magnetic polariton modes

Excitation energies, wavelengths, transition probabilities, weighted oscillator strengths, and line strengths for electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions between the states of the 2s22p2, 2s2p3, 2p4, 2s22p3l, 2s2p23l, and 2p33l (l = s, p, d) configurations are calculated using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) method

This work presents the possibility of using the extremely popular compact digital cameras of smartphones or action cameras to perform sky photometry. The newest generation of these devices allows to save raw images. They are not as good as digital single-lens reflex camera, in particular in terms of sensitivity, noise and pixel depth (10 bit versus 12 bit or more), but they have the advantage of being

We present resonance enhanced two-photon ionization (RETPI) spectrum between 14,500 and 15850 cm−1 for ultracold ground state 85Rb133Cs molecules. With an assistant of optical pumping from one 1070nm laser, (2)1Π1←X1Σ+ electronic transition is distinguished from (4)3Σ+←a3Σ+ and (3)3Π←a3Σ+ transitions. Some observed RETPI spectra are globally assigned to vibrational transitions from X1Σ+(v=0−5) to (2)1Π1(v=5−20)

A numerical model is presented for spectral characteristics of radiation coming from a pool fire flame. The case studies are 1.75 m × 1.75 m and 2.5 m × 2.5 m Kerosene pool fires. Transient heat and mass transfer of the system was solved using a CFD model of a 4 m × 4 m × 5 m rectangular domain built in Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) with LES of turbulence and a two-step combustion reaction. Transient

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), widely used in industry for electrical insulation, is a potent greenhouse gas with a steadily increasing atmospheric abundance. In order to monitor its concentration profiles using infrared sounders, accurate laboratory spectroscopic data are required. This work describes new high-resolution infrared absorption cross sections of pure and air-broadened sulfur hexafluoride

This comment is timely because of a paper [JQSRT 250 (2020) 106994] on the time dependence of optical radiation forces resulting from modulated illumination. While the acoustic analog of oscillatory radiation pressure was mentioned, the omission of early developments contributes to the introduction of terminology that is not sufficiently descriptive. For example, the illumination considered was double-sideband

Cyanoacetylene, the simplest cyanopolyyne, is an abundant interstellar molecule commonly observed in a vast variety of astronomical sources. Despite its importance as a potential tracer of the evolution of star-forming processes, the deuterated form of cyanoacetylene is less observed and less studied in the laboratory than the main isotopologue. Here, we report the most extensive spectroscopic characterization

Ragweed or Ambrosia artemisiifolia pollen is an important atmospheric constituent affecting the Earth's climate and public health. The literature on light scattering by pollens embedded in ambient air is however rather sparse: polarization measurements are limited to the sole depolarization ratio and pollens are beyond the reach of numerically exact light scattering models mainly due to their tens

Measurements of soot/black carbon emissions via optical observations of atmospheric plume transmittance require a correction to account for bias in perceived plume brightness due to inscatter of ambient light. The ability to accurately correct for inscattering is hampered, however, by the potential for multiple scattering (MS) within the plume, which cannot be directly considered without detailed knowledge

We present a general technique to select optimal filters for a multispectral midwavelength infrared (MWIR) camera to quantify multiple components of a gas mixture. Filter sets are ranked in terms of the ratio of quantity-of-interest variance to noise variance, which is minimized by the optimal filter set. The suitability of this criterion is demonstrated using a numerical experiment in which we estimate

The oceanic lidar, which has the advantage of profiling the properties of the upper ocean, is a promising active remote sensing tool for complementing the passive ocean color remote sensing in the three-dimensional observation of ocean. This paper introduces the design and validation of a shipborne multiple-field-of-view (MFOV) lidar. With the input of simultaneous in situ data, the lidar signals and

This paper analyses the impact of various types of aerosols, both of natural and anthropogenic origin, on the brightness of the night sky glow in southern Poland. The particles of particulate matter, related to the combustion of solid fuels in the winter, the volcanic or desert dust, as well as mists and haze, are considered as the artificial light scattering sources. Measurements of the brightness

Wavelength modulation-direct absorption spectroscopy (WM-DAS) was used to investigate absorption line-shape models by measuring the H2O transition at 7299.431 cm−1 in the ν1+ν3 vibrational band perturbed by Ar. The partially Correlated quadratic Speed-dependent Hard-Collision profile (pCqSDHCP) was found to give the best fit with the smallest residuals. The Ar-induced broadening, narrowing coefficients

Rayleigh scattering cross sections for argon, carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and methane were measured using Broadband Cavity Enhanced Spectroscopy (BBCES) between 264 and 297 nm, extending the region of experimental cross section data available for all four gases. The experimentally derived values for Ar and CO2 are in excellent agreement with refractive index based (n-based) calculations, within

Imaging lidar techniques, featuring of low cost and short blind range, have attracted considerable interests during recent years. However, the bi-static imaging lidar with the transmitter and the receiver placed far away from each other (from a few meters up to 100 m) can mainly operate during nighttime. On the other hand, the monostatic Scheimpflug lidar (SLidar) with the transmitter and the receiver

This study retrieves and evaluates aerosol layer height (ALH) during spring dust storm events observed over the Taklimakan and Gobi Desert. A novel strategy is proposed to identify single- or multi-layered aerosol scenarios in wide-swath passive sensor images from Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), aided by profiles of Cloud-Aerosol Lidar

The climatologic mean and changes in cloud optical thickness (COT) of water and ice clouds in East Asia and their influence on the local radiation budget are studied quantitatively by using the Beijing Climate Center Radiative Transfer Model of BCC_RAD combined with satellite observational datasets from March 2000 to February 2018. Our results show that the annual mean COT over East Asia decreases

Energy levels and lifetimes for the lowest 204 fine-structure levels belonging to the 2s22p, 2s2p2, 2p3, 2s23l, 2s2p3l, 2p23l, 2s24l, 2s2p4l, and 2p24l (l = s, p, d, f) configurations of B-like Pd XLII are calculated using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) method, as well as wavelengths, transition probabilities, weighted oscillator strengths, and line strengths for electric dipole

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the spectroscopic properties of a simple hybrid metasurface consisting in a periodic array of a Si-Au pattern in the mid-infrared spectral region. Our simulations show that our hybrid metasurface exhibits a strong spectral absorption band in the 5.5μm−10μm region, by comparison to the typical Au-Au counterpart. A considerable improvement to the full-metal

Metal nanoparticles have attracted intense attention due to their unique optical and thermal properties for applications such as micro-nano electronics and photonics. Relative orientation, interparticle spacing, and particle size strongly impact the optical behavior of the nanoparticle assemblies. The near-field confinement of electromagnetic fields between closely packed metal nanoparticles, which

A reliable control of current orientation of a spacecraft is a very important task in aerospace engineering. This makes important to elaborate a backup or replacement system which can be used for the verification or correction of the orientation. It seems natural to use various conditions of radiative heating of the design elements of different orientations with respect of the Sun and strongly radiating

The rapid development of cities has brought tremendous pressure to astronomical observation, energy security, and the ecosystem. Automatic monitoring of night sky brightness (NSB) can help us to understand its regional differences and time variations of NSB effectively and to investigate the human and natural factors which lead to these changes. In this paper, the construction of Wuxi City night sky

Fast, accurate, and stable computation of the Clebsch-Gordan (C-G) coefficients is always desirable, for example, in light scattering simulations, the translation of the multipole fields, quantum physics and chemistry. Current recursive methods for computing the C-G coefficients are often unstable for large quantum numbers due to numerical overflow or underflow. In this paper, we present an improved

Light scattering by particles immersed in an absorbing host medium has been an important issue in many fields, such as ocean optics, atmospheric radiation, remote sensing and so on. The traditional theory ignores the effect of host medium absorption on particle scattering, which may result in inaccurate results. In this paper, the scattering coefficient, extinction coefficient and phase function of

Theoretical studies of photodissociation cross sections of the beryllium monohydride cation BeH+ are reported. Explicit photodissociation cross sections are computed for transitions from its ground electronic state X1Σ+ to excited ones A1Σ+, B1Π and C1Σ+ respectively. Partial cross sections are computed for nearly the full range of rovibrational levels of the X1Σ+ state and for photon wavelengths ranging

The spectral investigation of triply ionized silver (Ag IV) has been carried out in the vacuum ultraviolet region. Silver spectra excited through a triggered spark source were photographed on a 3-m normal incidence vacuum spectrograph at St. F. Xavier University, Antigonish in Canada. The theoretical study of the spectrum was made through the quasi-relativistic Hartree-Fock formalism in Cowan's code

In this paper, we derive the transition matrix of a nonspherical layered particle, consisting in a dielectric core and a metallic shell, in the non-local optical response theory. The key point in our analysis is the separation of the internal field within the shell into a transverse and a longitudinal field. The approach uses the null-field equations for the total field inside the particle and the

Light-matter interaction in all-dielectric nanoparticles has attracted more attention because of the ability to control and configure light scattering on high-index nanoparticles. In the framework of the discrete dipole approximation, we theoretically applied cartesian multipole expansion to a periodic array of nanoparticles. This allows to analyze the contribution of multipole moments, including toroidal

Electron tomography (ET) is used to reconstruct the exact 3-dimensional morphologies of fractal-like soot aggregates sampled from a household heating stove commonly used in China. Conventional ET techniques suffer from “the missing wedge” problem caused by unreachable tilt angles, leading to noisy reconstructed tomograms. We overcame this problem by implementing a high-resolution object-edge identification

We report ab initio calculations of generalized spectroscopic cross-sections for hydrogen deuteride perturbed by helium. From these calculations, collisional line-shape parameters are deduced for the HD electric dipole transitions: from R(0) to R(5) and from P(1) to P(6) in the 0–0 to 5–0 bands. These parameters are necessary for a proper interpretation of HD spectra from the atmospheres of gas giants

In this paper, we designed and fabricated a graphene transferred to grating structure with high absorption from 4 µm to 14 µm. The grating structure was composed of Au/SiO2/Au and the graphene was grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in vacuum conditions. We have experimentally demonstrated that magnetic polaritons (MPs) and graphene plasmon were excited to achieve high absorption in six sets of