Automatic thresholding methods are used to detect spatio-temporal changes in the land subject to different natural and anthropogenic processes. Image segmentation plays an important role in this analysis, where urban sprawl detection take place with daylight images. However, recently some investigators have used nocturnal images in remote sensing imagery research. Such georeferenced data represent

Anthropogenic skyglow dominates views of the natural night sky in most urban settings, and the associated emission of artificial light at night (ALAN) into the environment of cities involves a number of known and suspected negative externalities. One approach to lowering consumption of ALAN in cities is dimming or extinguishing publicly owned outdoor lighting during overnight hours; however, there

An extensive calculation for electron impact excitation cross-sections of Kr+ ion is performed using relativistic distorted wave theory. The transitions considered are from the ground state i.e. 4s24p5 (J=3/2) to the 4s24p5 (J = 1/2), 4s4p6 (J=1/2) levels and fine structure levels of 4s24p45s, 4s24p45p, 4s24p46s, 4s24p46p, 4s24p44d and 4s24p45d excited states. The transition matrix is evaluated using

High-level ab initio calculation on the 22 Λ-S electronic states of AsF has been performed with all-electron Gaussian basis sets and internally contracted multireference configuration interaction method plus Davidson correction (icMRCI+Q) and scalar relativistic effect. The spin-orbit coupling (SOC) has been investigated in the calculations by using the Breit-Pauli operator. After considering the SOC

Highly anisotropic phase functions are often approximated by simpler ones given by the sum of a Dirac delta function and a smooth function. However, if both forward and backward scattering are important, two Dirac delta functions are needed. In problems without collimated radiation, those phase functions can be easily handled using the discrete ordinates method (DOM). However, when collimated irradiation

Polymers are widely used in many fields such as radiative cooling, infrared stealth, optical fibers and solar cells. In this work, the complex refractive indices of seven polymers such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyetherimide (PEI) are measured by spectroscopic

In this paper, the optical properties of magnetic-plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles are studied using the Mie theory and DDA method. DDA results are compared with Mie theory results for spherical core-shell NPs as it gives the exact solution. It is observed that the position of LSPR peak in core-shell nanostructures is tuned by changing the cores and shell thickness in the core-shell spherical nanostructures

Recent progress is reported on the assignment and fitting of a rotational spectrum of methylamine in the ground vibrational state and first and second torsional states. The high resolution infrared spectrum has been analyzed in the 40 to 360 cm−1 region with a resolution of 0.00125 cm−1. In the IR spectrum the complete RR and RQ series of rotational transitions were assigned up to high values of K

This paper investigates in detail the vacuum UV photoabsorption spectrum of trans-1,2-C2H2Cl2 in the 5-20 eV range using synchrotron radiation. Quantum chemical calculations are applied to the electronic transitions. Particular attention has been paid to the 2au(π)→2bg(π*) transition included in the broad band observed at 6.30 eV. The Rydberg 2au(π)→R3s transition is presumably observed at 6.27 eV

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is considered to play important role in the chemistry of ozone layer in the troposphere. It also has been detected first time in the cold environment of a star-forming region towards ρ Oph A. According to the selection rules for dipole allowed transitions, the H2O2 ro-torsional levels may be classified into four distinct groups. Using the spectroscopic information (rotational

The “science-softCon UV/Vis+ Photochemistry Database” (www.photochemistry.org) is a large and comprehensive collection of EUV-VUV-UV-Vis-NIR spectral data and other photochemical information assembled from published peer-reviewed papers. The database contains photochemical data including absorption, fluorescence, photoelectron, and circular and linear dichroism spectra, as well as quantum yields and

The vibration-rotation absorption spectrum of 17O-enriched water vapor in the range 14900–15600 cm−1 was recorded for the first time by a Fourier Transform Spectrometer coupled to a multi-pass White-type cell providing an optical path length of 34.8 m at room temperature with a spectral resolution of 0.05 cm−1 using high luminance LED (light emitting diode) light source. The high signal-to-noise ratio

The λ = 2.06 µm absorption band of CO2 is widely used for the remote sensing of atmospheric carbon dioxide, making it relevant to many important top-down measurements of carbon flux. The forward models used in the retrieval algorithms employed in these measurements require increasingly accurate line intensity and line shape data from which absorption cross-sections can be computed. To overcome accuracy

Light transmission through Intraocular lens (IOL) with glistenings and whitenings are analyzed by using T-matrix theory. Visual function is decreased due to glistening and subsurface nanoglistening (whitening). Glistening means fluid-filled micro-sized vacuoles, on the other hand, whitening is nano-sized vacuoles in intraocular lens (IOL) which lead to light scattering and affect human's vision quality

In this paper, all-electron relativistic MRCI+Q calculation has been carried out on electronic and spectroscopic properties of SbCl. In present calculation, total 34 Λ-S and 74 Ω have been reliably characterized for the first time. The lowest three Λ-S states X3Σ−, a1Δ, and b1Σ+ possess a rather deep potential well, and resulting spectroscopic constants are consistent with experiments. The spin-orbit

Solar-blind ultraviolet Raman lidar can realize the daytime detection of atmospheric water vapor, as the transmitting wavelength of 266.0 nm and its excited vibrational Raman spectra of N2, O2 and H2O are within the solar-blind region. However, the spectra of the O3, NO2, SO2 absorptions and fluorescence are within the solar-blind region as well, and Raman channel of H2O still has a small amount of

Different types of fires and high-temperature technological processes are the sources of intense dangerous optical radiation, which can be modeled by black body radiation. The strongly enhanced extinction and absorption of black body radiation with high temperatures in the range 1000-2000 K in wide spectral interval of 200-6000 nm by nanoparticles are of significant science and technical interest.

We address the question of evaluating shape derivatives of objective functions for radiative-transfer engineering involving semi-transparent media. After recalling the standard Monte-Carlo approach to sensitivity estimation and its current limitations, a new method is presented for the specific case of geometrical sensitivities. This method is then tested on configurations with multiple-scattering

The Invariant Imbedding T-matrix method has been recognized as one of the rigorous computational tools to simulate the light scattering by atmospheric nonspherical particles after the efficient implementation by L. Bi and P. Yang. Compared with the T-matrix model based on the Extended Boundary Condition Method (“EBCM”), it is suitable for the light scattering simulation of particles with any shapes

Here we have demonstrated a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to use the solar energy during the daytime and use the sky cold at night in which only a layer of SiC film was used to simultaneously absorb solar energy and radiate heat energy to the sky. A test TEG contains two pairs of thermoelectric legs and creates average 14.61 mV voltage in the daytime and 1.99 mV voltage at night respectively. This

High–resolution infrared spectra of the D2S molecule were experimentally recorded with a Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and theoretically analyzed in the region of 700 – 1800 cm−1, where the ν2 and 2ν2 bands are located. For the first time, transitions were assigned to the 2ν2 and 2ν2−ν2 bands of the D232S and D234S isotopologues. For the ground vibrational state and the ν2

We design a thermal rectifier based on near-field thermal radiation between a p-type lightly doped silicon bulk (p-LDSi) and a Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity, made of alternating metal films and p-LDSi films on metal substrate. Our results show that the introduction of F-P cavity arouses markedly near-field thermal rectification ratio owing to the selective emittance and absorption. Significantly, the performance

Optogalvanic spectroscopy as well as laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy were applied in order to find new energy levels of atomic lanthanum. A hollow-cathode lamp and a tuneable continuous wave titanium-sapphire laser in the wavelength range from 750 nm to 850 nm were used for the measurements. Three energy levels of even parity with small values of total angular momentum quantum number J were

An improved model of the aircraft plume is proposed to analyze the effects of alumina particle clusters on ultraviolet (UV) radiation signature. In the simulation, the scattering effect of particle clusters rather than individual particles on the radiation characteristics in the plume is considered. The modified diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) method is used to generate the geometry of the cluster

The spin-forbidden transitions of MgO are very important to the photodissociation dynamics and chemical reaction dynamics, which are frequently occurred in the interstellar space. In this work, the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (icMRCI) method with the Davidson correction is used to compute the adiabatic potential energy curves (PECs) of eight Λ-S electronic states

We performed the systematic measurements of line intensities of ro-vibrational absorption transitions of the ν3 and 2ν3-ν3 parallel bands of 12CH335Cl and 12CH337Cl isotopes. The spectra were recorded in the spectral region between 650 and 800 cm−1 with a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. A mono-spectrum fitting technique was used to fit a series of seven spectra at pressures of CH3Cl

This work presents the measurements of the hyperfine structure constants A and B, as well as the isotope shifts, for 26 electronic levels belonging to the even-parity configurations at the energy range 28000-40000 cm−1 in the europium atom. The measurements were performed with the use of laser spectroscopy with a hollow cathode discharge lamp as the source of the atoms and the detection of laser induced

Modelling techniques for the propagation of light pollution in the atmosphere allow the computation of maps of artificial night sky brightness in any direction of the sky, involving a large number of details from satellite data. Cinzano et al. (2001a) introduced a method of mapping naked eye star visibility at the zenith from large areas based on satellite radiance measurements and Garstang models

Extinction, scattering, absorption coefficients, and single-scattering albedo as basic characteristics of single scattering are considered. The results of calculating of extinction and single-scattering albedo for randomly oriented crystals (plates and columns, their aggregates, droxtals, and also mixture of 8 types of cloud crystals) taken from scientific sources are presented. The Mie theory and

This paper discusses the role of the observation operator in data assimilation and how the evolving strategy of Numerical Weather Prediction is creating new challenges for Radiative Transfer Model developments, placing an increasing demand on these models and their consistency, bias characterisation and range of capabilities. The paper concludes that to meet future challenges models will need to be

The absorption spectra of carbon monoxide have been recorded in the 6000-6450 cm−1 wavenumber regions using the Bruker IFS 125 HR Fourier transform spectrometer and a 30 meters multipass cell with the White-type optical system. The spectra were recorded at spectral resolution of 0.008 – 0.012 cm−1, path length up to 1058 m, and at pressure range from 30 to 320 mbar. The temperature was about 301 K

The angular spectrum decomposition (ASD) is a powerful tool for analyzing the interaction between spherical particles and shaped beams, in which homogeneous plane waves and/or evanescent waves are expanded into series of vector spherical harmonics (VSH). The paper presents a numerical study on the VSH expansion of the evanescent wave and its behavior in the field reconstruction of the shaped beam.

The jet-cooled laser-induced fluorescence spectra of ScO molecules have been investigated in the 24,500-27,400 cm−1 region at 0.04 cm−1 resolution. The ab initio predicted C2Π state in group IIIb transition metal oxide molecules, but heretofore undetected, was observed in ScO molecule in vibrations v=0-3. In addition, the higher vibrational levels of the earlier reported A2Π and B2Σ+ states, respectively

In this work, we present a thorough theoretical structure and spectroscopic study of the ground and low lying excited states of RbBa molecule. High-level ab-initio calculations are performed, using MCSCF/MRCI+Q level of method, based on the effective core potential (ECP) and core-polarization potential (CPP) approach. The potential energy curves, spectroscopic parameters, vibrationnel energy levels

Product channel-specific reaction kinetics at low temperature presents a significant challenge for both experiment and theory but provides essential inputs for astrochemical models of cold interstellar environments. Reaction kinetics studies using chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectroscopy provide a potential solution but require the use of a buffer gas to thermalize the reactants

In this work, ab initio calculations on the low-lying electronic states of arsenic bromide (AsBr) have been carried out using the internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction with the addition of Davidson correction (icMRCI+Q) method. The potential energy curves (PECs) of the 34 Λ-S states and the 74 Ω states generated from the Λ-S states after considering the spin-orbit coupling

This corrigenda rectifies misprints that occurred in Eq. (1)–(5) in the manuscript titled: “Optical radiation force circular dichroism spectroscopy” [J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 2020;244:106850; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.106850]. The modifications do neither alter the results and computational plots presented in the related manuscript [J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 2020;244:106850]

We propose a simple and fast cloud retrieval technique based on the spectral diffuse transmittance measurements under optically thick clouds. The technique is aimed at retrieval of cloud optical thickness, liquid water path and effective radius of particles in cloudy media. It is based on the asymptotic radiative transfer solutions valid at cloud optical thicknesses above 10. Also we use the parametrizations

Radiative cooling is a new method to passively cool object without consuming any energy. Recent study on radiative cooling has gained a lot of progress. However, the cooling ability of radiative cooler is limited due to non-radiative heat loss. In this study, we proposed a novel multi-layer cooler structure to improve the radiative cooling performance and experimentally demonstrated a 16% improvement

The reflection and transmission of a Bessel vortex beam incident on a stratified uniaxial anisotropic slab are analytically solved by use of the expansion of cylindrical vector wave functions (CVWFs). This work is an extension of our previous paper, in which the reflection and transmission of a Bessel vortex beam incident on a homogeneous uniaxial anisotropic slab is studied. A closed form of the expansion

The in-orbit performance of the Microwave Temperature Sounder (MWTS) onboard the Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) satellite is evaluated using the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) and the Radiative Transfer for the Television Infrared Observation Satellite Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOV) model. Both radio-occultation data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate

An advanced radiative transfer modeling system (ARMS) has been developed for satellite data assimilation and remote sensing applications. It inherits the capability of other fast radiative transfer models developed mainly for US and European satellite programs but focuses on the radiative transfer components that are specific for the assimilation of the Fengyun satellites and those sensors not included

This study investigates systematically the effects of nonabsorbing droplets on the bidirectional transmittance of transparent windows. The Monte Carlo ray-tracing method was used to predict the bidirectional transmittance of transparent windows supporting monodisperse or polydisperse and randomly distributed droplets on their front side or backside. In both cases, photons that did not interact with

The ratio of the received power to the transmitting power (RPR) of a well-designed radar system is determined by the absorption and scattering of objects coming into contact with radar waves along its propagating path. In the atmospheric detection by weather radar systems, the RPR is mainly determined by the absorption and scattering of atmospheric particles. It is common that sand/dust aerosol particles

In this paper, we propose a simple and fast technique to retrieve total ozone from measurements of spectral top-of-atmosphere reflectance for cloudless atmosphere over Antarctica. It is assumed that both snow and atmosphere are clean and not influenced by pollution. Spaceborne measurements performed by Ocean Land and Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard the Sentinel-3 mission over Dome C (Antarctica) are

Infrared absorption spectra of neopentane, 2,2-dimethylpropane, C(CH3)4, were recorded in the 2550-3350 cm-1 region by high resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy at the Canadian Light Source (CLS). Absorption cross sections were obtained for pure samples and with nitrogen as a broadening gas for 4 temperatures (202, 232, 265, 297 K).

The FengYun (FY)-4A Geosynchronous Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) fast transmittance model has been developed as part of the Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System (ARMS) and applied to quantitative uses of the GIIRS data. To determine the accuracy of the fast transmittance model, one dataset that includes 83 atmospheric profiles generated by the European center for Medium-Range Weather

A high-resolution quantum cascade spectrometer was developed to study nitrogen dioxide (NO2) line intensities near 6.2 μm. The spectral region ranging from 1629.7 cm−1 to 1632.5 cm−1, which is suitable for the in situ laser sensing of trace NO2 in the atmosphere, was investigated using a thermoelectrically cooled continuous-wave distributed feed-back quantum cascade laser. Forty-three lines of nitrogen

We present detailed tabulated Zeeman effect splitting coefficients for ground-state ClO, OH and NO for F ≤ 10. These species are, together with molecular oxygen, common Zeeman-affected molecules in Earth’s atmosphere. The Zeeman effect is shown to be important mostly for OH. In proposed satellite observations of mesospheric OH, a circular polarization signal of close to 3 K can be expected. ClO and

Electromagnetic scattering and absorption of multilayered spheres illuminated by a plane wave or a shaped beam are important issues because of the extensively applications. However, computation of the internal fields suffers from several difficulties, especially when the sphere contains strongly-absorbing layers. In the paper, reformulation of expressions of electromagnetic fields are made, by replacing

The radiance calculation via the solution of the scalar approximation form of the rigorous vector radiative transfer equation (VRTE) leads to non-negligible errors in atmospheric radiative transfer problems. In this work, for the first time, a quantitative investigation of the calculated radiance errors induced by neglecting the polarization of incident irradiation beams exposed to a plane-parallel