We report the bivariate $\rm HI$ - and $\rm H_{2}$ -stellar mass distributions of local galaxies in addition of an inventory of galaxy mass functions, MFs, for $\rm HI$ , $\rm H_{2}$ , cold gas, and baryonic mass, separately into early- and late-type galaxies. The MFs are determined using the $\rm HI$ and $\rm H_{2}$ conditional distributions and the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF). For the conditional

Chandra X-ray observations are analyzed for five galaxy clusters whose atmospheric cooling times, entropy parameters, and ratios of cooling time to freefall time within the central galaxies lie below 1 Gyr, below 30 keV cm 2 , and between 20 ≲ min( t cool / t ff ) ≲ 50, respectively. These thermodynamic properties are commonly associated with molecular clouds, bright H α emission, and star formation

The Sun likely formed as part of a group of stars. A close stellar flyby by one of the solar siblings is probably responsible for the sharp outer edge in the solar system's mass distribution. The frequency of such close flybys can be used to determine the likely type of birth environment of the solar system. Young stellar groups develop very quickly, expanding significantly within just a few million

We present 3 mm ALMA continuum and line observations at resolutions of 6.5 au and 13 au, respectively, toward the Class 0 system IRAS 16293-2422 A. The continuum observations reveal two compact sources toward IRAS 16293-2422 A, coinciding with compact ionized gas emission previously observed at radio wavelengths (A1 and A2), confirming the long-known radio sources as protostellar. The emission toward

We have conducted an extensive X-ray spectral variability study of a sample of 20 Compton-thin type II galaxies using broadband spectra from XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Suzaku. The aim is to study the variability of the neutral intrinsic X-ray obscuration along the line of sight and investigate the properties and location of the dominant component of the X-ray-obscuring gas. The observations are sensitive

We address the “plane of satellites problem” by studying planar configurations around two disk galaxies with no late major mergers, formed in zoom-in hydro-simulations. Due to the current lack of good-quality kinematic data for M31 satellites, we use only positional information. So far, positional analyses of simulations are unable to find planes as thin and populated as the observed ones. We follow

Using Suzaku data, we had found a 3.4 σ evidence for the X-ray emitting warm–hot circumgalactic medium (CGM) in the L ⋆ galaxy NGC 3221. Here we present XMM-Newton data and outline an efficient, rigorous, and well-defined method to extract the faint CGM signal. We confirm the CGM detection at 4 σ significance within 30–200 kpc of the galaxy. We claim with 99.62% confidence that the CGM is extended

We perform local N -body simulations of disk galaxies and investigate the evolution of spiral arms. We calculate the time autocorrelation of the surface density of spiral arms and find that the typical evolution timescale is described by the epicycle period. We investigate the distribution of the orbital elements of stars and find that in spiral arms the epicycle motions of stars are in phase while

We report the detailed history of spin-period changes in five intermediate polars (DQ Herculis, AO Piscium, FO Aquarii, V1223 Sagittarii, and BG Canis Minoris) during the 30–60 yr since their original discovery. Most are slowly spinning up, although there are sometimes years-long episodes of spin-down. This is supportive of the idea that the underlying magnetic white dwarfs are near spin equilibrium

The direction of the axis of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) plays an important role in determining if it will cause a geomagnetic disturbance in the Earth’s magnetosphere upon impact. Long period southward-pointing ICME fields are known to cause significant space weather impacts and thus geomagnetic storms. We present an extensive analysis of CME–ICME directionality using 86 halo-CMEs

The first supernovae enrich the previously pristine gas with metals, out of which the next generation of stars form. Based on hydrodynamical simulations, we develop a new stochastic model to predict the metallicity of star-forming gas in the first galaxies. On average, in internally enriched galaxies, the metals are well mixed with the pristine gas. However, in externally enriched galaxies, the metals

Despite their importance, a detailed understanding of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) remains elusive. X-ray measurements of the element distributions in supernova remnants (SNRs) offer important clues for understanding the explosion and nucleosynthesis mechanisms for SNe Ia. However, it is challenging to observe the entire ejecta mass in X-rays for young SNRs, because the central ejecta may not have been

Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence is ubiquitous in the process of solar eruptions, and it is crucial for the fast release of energy and the formation of complex thermal structures that have been found in observations. In this paper, we focus on the turbulence in two specific regions: inside the current sheet (CS) and above the flare loops, considering the standard flare model. The gravitationally stratified

A large fraction of accreting black hole and neutron star systems present clear evidence of the reprocessing of X-rays in the atmosphere of an optically thick accretion disk. The main hallmarks of X-ray reflection include fluorescent K-shell emission lines from iron (∼6.4–6.9 keV), the absorption iron K-edge (∼7–9 keV), and a broad featureless component known as the Compton hump (∼20–40 keV). This

We present the result of a search for orphan gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows in the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) COSMOS survey. There is extensive theoretical and observational evidence suggesting that GRBs are collimated jets; the direct observation of orphan GRB afterglows would further support this model. An optimal survey strategy is designed by coupling the PS1 survey with the Subaru/Hyper-Suprime-Cam (HSC)

We study the relations between gas-phase metallicity ( Z ), local stellar mass surface density (Σ * ), and the local star formation surface density (Σ SFR ) in a sample of 1120 star-forming galaxies from the MaNGA survey. At fixed Σ * the local metallicity increases as Σ SFR decreases or vice versa for metallicity calibrators of N2 and O3N2. Alternatively, at fixed Σ SFR metallicity increases as Σ

Late-time cosmology in the extended cuscuton theory is studied, in which gravity is modified while one still has no extra dynamical degrees of freedom other than two tensor modes. We present a simple example admitting analytic solutions for the cosmological background evolution that mimics ΛCDM cosmology. We argue that the extended cuscuton as dark energy can be constrained, like usual scalar-tensor

Perivolaropoulos et al. [1] (P19) have argued that the residual torque data in the Eöt-Wash experiment is consistent with an oscillating signal. This could either be a signature of non-local modified gravity theories or some other systematic error in the data. We independently assess the viability of such an oscillating signal in the same data using Bayesian and information theoretical criterion, to

Galaxy shapes have been observed to align with external tidal fields generated by the large-scale structures of the Universe. While the main source for these tidal fields is provided by long-wavelength density perturbations, tensor perturbations also contribute with a non-vanishing amplitude at linear order. We show that parity-breaking gravitational waves produced during inflation leave a distinctive

Depending on their type, supernova remnants may have ejecta material with high abundance of heavy elements such as carbon or oxygen. In addition, core-collapse supernovae explode in the wind material of their progenitor star that may also have a high abundance of heavy elements. Hadronic collisions in these enriched media spawn the production of gamma rays, neutrinos, and secondary electrons with spectra

The recent GAIA DR2 measurements of distances to galactic novae have allowed to re-analyse some properties of nova populations in the Milky Way and in external galaxies on new and more solid empirical bases. In some cases, we have been able to confirm results previously obtained, such as the concept of nova populations into two classes of objects, that is disk and bulge novae and their link with the

The accuracy of discrete element model has great influence on the DEM simulations of lunar soil, especially on the soil-tool interaction simulations. In this paper, the mechanical property of lunar soil is classified into three categories and the particularity of shear strength is newly explained as higher internal friction angle and lower cohesion with respect to Earth soil, and the plasticity performance

The significance increase of the plasma temperature from the solar photosphere to the corona up to 1MK is still unresolved. One of the candidates for this issue is waves and instabilities in the solar plasma. It was suggested that the energy of these waves could heat the solar atmosphere to transition-region (TR) and corona. Despite many recent kind of researches about waves in the various solar dynamic

We calculate and discuss the implications of neutrino self-interactions for the physics of weak decoupling and big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) in the early universe. In such neutrino-sector extensions of the standard model, neutrinos may not free-stream, yet can stay thermally coupled to one another. Nevertheless, the neutrinos exchange energy and entropy with the photon, electron-positron, and baryon

Constant-roll warm inflation is introduced in this work. A novel approach to finding an exact solution for Friedman equations in the constant-roll framework is presented for cold inflation and is extended to warm inflation with the constant dissipative parameter Q =Γ/3 H . The evolution of the primordial inhomogeneities of a scalar field in a thermal bath is also studied. The 1σ consistency between

A class of scalar-tensor theories (STT) including a non-metricity that unifies metric, Palatini and hybrid metric-Palatini gravitational actions with non-minimal interaction is proposed and investigated from the point of view of their consistency with generalized conformal transformations. It is shown that every such theory can be represented on-shell by a purely metric STT possessing the same solutions

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) have not been detected beyond any reasonable doubt, despite their potential role as massive seeds for quasars and sources of tidal disruption events, ultraluminous X-ray sources, dwarf galaxy feedback, and hypervelocity stars. Gravitational wave (GW) observations can help to find and confirm the existence of IMBHs. Current and upcoming detectors, such as LIGO,

Using the CANDELS photometric catalogs for the Hubble Space Telescope/ACS and WFC3, we identified massive evolved galaxies at3 < z < 4.5 employing three different selection methods. We find the comoving number density of these objects to be ∼2 × 10 −5 and 8 × 10 −6 Mpc −3 after correction for completeness for two redshift bins centered at z = 3.4, 4.7. We quantify a measure of how much confidence we

We report the results of long-term spectroscopic monitoring of the A-type supergiant with the B[e] phenomenon 3 Pup = HD 62623. We confirm earlier findings that it is a binary system. The orbital parameters were derived using cross-correlation of the spectra in a range of 4460–4632 Å, which contains over 30 absorption lines. The orbit was found to be circular with a period of 137.4 ± 0.1 days, radial

We investigate effects of upstream density fluctuations on the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) by Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations show that particles are reaccelerated in the shock downstream region by a sound wave generated at the shock front. The timescale of turbulent acceleration by the sound wave is estimated. We propose a new back reaction of particles accelerated around the shock

Recent observations suggest that magnetic flux cancellation may play a crucial role in heating the Sun’s upper atmosphere (chromosphere, transition region, corona). Here, we intended to validate an analytic model for magnetic reconnection and consequent coronal heating, driven by a pair of converging and canceling magnetic flux sources of opposite polarities. For this test, we analyzed photospheric

We present a near-infrared (NIR) variability analysis for a 6′ × 6′ region, which encompasses the massive protocluster G286.21+0.17. The total sample comprises more than 5000 objects, of which 562 show signs of a circumstellar disk based on their infrared colors. The data includes Hubble Space Telescope observations taken in two epochs separated by 3 yr in the F110W and F160W bands. 363 objects (7%

We present a measurement of the B -mode polarization power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using data taken from 2014 July to 2016 December with the Polarbear experiment. The CMB power spectra are measured using observations at 150 GHz with an instantaneous array sensitivity of ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/0004-637X/897/1/55/apjab8f24ieqn1.gif] {${\mathrm{NET}}_{\mathrm{array}}=23\

We present a study of the central engine in the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 109. To investigate the immediate surrounding of this accreting, supermassive black hole, we perform a multiepoch broadband spectral analysis of a joint NuSTAR/XMM observation (2017), an archival XMM observation (2005) and the 105 month averaged Swift-BAT data. We are able to clearly separate the spectrum into a primary continuum

The small energy exchange via nucleon recoils in neutrino–nucleon scattering is now supposed to be one of the important factors for successful explosions of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), as they can change neutrino spectra through accumulation of a large number of scatterings. In deterministic methods employed for neutrino transport in CCSN simulations, we normally cannot afford to deploy a large

Nonvariable OH/IR stars are thought to have just left the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. In this conventional picture, they must still show strong circumstellar extinction caused by the dust ejected during the AGB phase, and the extinction is expected to decrease over time because of the dispersal of the circumstellar dust after the cessation of stellar mass loss. The reduction of extinction

We report on orbital modulation of the 100–600 MeV gamma-ray emission of the P B = 4.6 hr millisecond pulsar binary PSR J2339−0533 using 11 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope data. The modulation has high significance (chance probability p ≈ 10 −7 ), is approximately sinusoidal, peaks near pulsar superior conjunction, and is detected only in the low-energy 100–600 MeV band. The modulation is confined

FU Orionis objects (FUors) are rapidly accreting, pre-main-sequence objects that are known to exhibit large outbursts at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, with post-eruption, small-scale photometric variability superimposed on longer-term trends. In contrast, little is known about the variability of FUors at longer wavelengths. To explore this further, we observed six FUor objects using the NOrthern

Ever since their discovery, infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are generally considered to be the sites just at the onset of high-mass (HM) star formation. In recent years, it has been realized that not all IRDCs harbor HM young stellar objects (YSOs). Only those IRDCs satisfying a certain mass–size criterion, or equivalently above a certain threshold density, are found to contain HMYSOs. In all cases, IRDCs

Molecular clouds are the cold regions of the Milky Way where stars form. They are enriched by rather complex molecules. Many of these molecules are believed to be synthesized on the icy surfaces of the interstellar submicron-sized dust grains that permeate the Galaxy. At 10 K thermal desorption is inefficient and, therefore, why these molecules are found in the cold gas has tantalized astronomers for

The balloon-borne Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) had a successful 46-day flight in 2016. The instrument is sensitive to photons in the energy range 0.2–5 MeV. Compton telescopes have the advantage of a unique imaging response and provide the possibility of strong background suppression. With its high-purity germanium detectors, COSI can precisely map γ -ray line emission. The strongest persistent

AR Scorpii is a compact binary system which consists of a magnetic white dwarf and an M-type main sequence cool star. This binary system was discovered as a source of pulsating radiation in radio, infrared, optical, ultraviolet and X-ray wavebands. In this work, we have analyzed the γ-ray data in the energy range 100 MeV to 500 GeV from the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations for the period

We present an in-depth characterization of the polarimetric channel of the Large-Angle Spectrometric COronagraph/LASCO-C2 onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The polarimetric analysis of the white-light images makes use of polarized sequences composed of three images obtained though three polarizers oriented at \(+60^{\circ }\), \(0^{\circ }\), and \(-60^{\circ }\), complemented

LiDAR (light detection and ranging) is one of the most important techniques used in remote sensing and photogrammetry to extract high quality features, objects, and models. In this paper, we present an innovative and simple method for ground point filtering from LiDAR point clouds. This method is inspired by nature, where tornadoes destroy buildings and other manmade objects and uproot trees. This

In this simulation study the benefit of optical two-way inter-satellite links (OISL) between the Galileo satellites for orbit determination is discussed. Different link scenarios are analyzed in combination with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations and a ground station network of seven or 16 stations, respectively. Great importance was attributed to the simulation of systematic effects

High-precision of Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite orbit is essential for some applications having real-time requirements, such as LEO navigation enhancement, real time scientific satellite research, and so on. Currently, more mature means for real-time orbit determination of LEO satellites rely on spaceborne GPS data and RINEX/DORIS 3.0 data. However, most researchers conduct experiments using spaceborne

The LightSail 2 mission is the culmination of a decade-long program sponsored by The Planetary Society to advance solar sailing technology. The objective of LightSail 2 is to demonstrate controlled solar sailing in Earth orbit using a CubeSat platform. The LightSail 2 attitude is controlled using a single-axis momentum wheel and magnetic torque rods. During solar sailing operations, two 90 degree slews

The gas gain in the range of 1.0–2 × 105 was measured for propane-based tissue equivalent gas mixtures in the pressure range of 9–500 hPa. The Zastawny and Mitev et al. models of avalanche growth were used to analyse the obtained data. Both models showed that for low pressures of the working mixture, (i.e., below 80 hPa), there were non–equilibrium states of the development of the electron avalanche

In this work, we formalize a new technique to investigate the joint posterior density of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal and its theoretical angular power spectrum given the observed data, using the global internal-linear-combination method first proposed in a paper by Sudevan & Saha in 2017. We implement the method on low-resolution CMB maps observed by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy

The helium-enriched (He-enriched) metal-rich red giants of ω Centauri, discovered by Hema & Pandey using the low-resolution spectra from the Vainu Bappu Telescope, and confirmed by the analyses of the high-resolution spectra obtained from the HRS-South African Large Telescope for LEID 34225 and LEID 39048, are reanalyzed here to determine their degree of He enhancement/hydrogen deficiency (H deficiency)

We produce radiation hydrodynamics models of an active galactic nucleus torus plus outflow on 1–100 pc scales. This large scale permits direct comparison with observations, provides justification for configurations used in radiation transfer models, and tests the sensitivity of results of smaller scale dynamical models. We find that anisotropic radiation from an active galactic nucleus accretion disk

A number of ongoing surveys are likely to discover star–black hole binaries in our Galaxy in the near future. A fraction of them may be triple systems comprising an inner binary, instead of a single black hole, which might be progenitors of binary black holes (BBHs) routinely discovered now from the gravitational wave. We extend our previous proposal to locate inner BBHs from the short-term radial-velocity

The reprocessing of primary X-ray emission in the accretion disk of black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) produces a reflection spectrum with the characteristic Fe K α fluorescence line. Strong low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are observed from BHXRBs, and the dependence of QPO properties (e.g., phase lag) on the inclination angle suggests that the observed QPO may be associated with a

The role of ideal-MHD instabilities in a prominence eruption is explored through 2D and 3D kinematic analysis of an event observed with the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory between 22:06 UT on 2013 February 26 and 04:06 UT on 2013 February 27. A series of 3D radial slits are used to extract height–time profiles ranging from the midpoint of the prominence leading

A discussion of the advantages and limitations of the concept of critical balance (CB), as employed in turbulence phenomenologies, is presented. The incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) case is a particular focus. The discussion emphasizes the status of the original Goldreich & Sridhar CB conjecture relative to related theoretical issues and models in an MHD description of plasma turbulence. Issues

Recent advances from astronomical surveys have revealed spatial, chemical, and kinematical inhomogeneities in the inner region of the stellar halo of the Milky Way. In particular, large spectroscopic surveys, combined with Gaia astrometric data, have provided powerful tools for analyzing the detailed abundances and accurate kinematics for individual stars. Despite these noteworthy efforts, however

We present our analysis of the Lyman continuum (LyC) emission and escape fraction of 111 spectroscopically verified galaxies with and without active galactic nuclei (AGN) from2.26 < z < 4.3. We extended our ERS sample from Smith et al. with 64 galaxies in the GOODS North and South fields using WFC3/UVIS F225W, F275W, and F336W mosaics we independently drizzled using the HDUV, CANDELS, and UVUDF data

SNe Ia continue to play a key role in cosmological measurements. Their interpretation over a range in redshift requires a rest-frame spectral energy distribution model. For practicality, these models are parameterized with a limited number of parameters and are trained using linear or nonlinear dimensionality reduction. This work focuses on the related problem of estimating the number of parameters

Departures from standard spherically symmetric solar models, in the form of perturbations such as global and local-scale flows and structural asphericities, result in the splitting of eigenfrequencies in the observed spectrum of solar oscillations. Drawing from prevalent ideas in normal-mode-coupling theory in geophysical literature, we devise a procedure that enables the computation of sensitivity

We discuss the interstellar absorption from many atomic and molecular species seen in high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope/STIS UV and high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra of the moderately reddened B3–5 V star HD 62542. This remarkable sight line exhibits both very steep far-UV extinction and a high fraction of hydrogen in molecular form, with strong absorption from CH, C 2 , CN, and CO, but