This paper reports an all-optical vector magnetometer enhanced by a machine learning model. Using a dual probing beam setup, spin projections in both probe directions are simultaneously detected. Vector information is directly obtained from the measured phases of spin projection signals. To enhance the measurement accuracy and mitigate the dead zone effect, we introduce an artificial neural network

Ferroelectric field effect transistors (Fe-FETs) offer promising candidates for neuromorphic computing. However, it is still challenging to achieve a light-tunable field effect, which limits the function of photo-synapse. In this work, a ferroelectric semiconductor floating-gate transistor (FSF-FET) is proposed based on MoS2/h-BN/α-In2Se3 van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWHs), in which the two-dimensional

Materials with electrocaloric effect (ECE) and/or thermal switching ratio λ are desirable for developing various heat management devices, but developing high-performance candidates, especially those that simultaneously possess large near room-temperature ECE and λ is actually absent. The Zr-rich PbZr1−xTixO3 (PZT) displays a composition-induced antiferroelectric-ferroelectric (AFE-FE) phase boundary

The short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength, especially 1.55 μm, has attracted significant attention in various areas such as high-speed optical communication and LiDAR systems. Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are a critical component as a receiver in these systems due to their internal gain, which enhances the system performance. Silicon-based APDs are promising since they are CMOS compatible, but they

Effective suppression of dark current is essential for improving the performance of bulk defect-mediated absorption (BDA) photodetectors. Blocked impurity band (BIB) infrared detectors have been developed and utilized from mid-infrared to far-infrared wavelength regions for low noise. In this work, a blocking layer of dark current was applied to a BDA short-wave infrared (SWIR) photodetector, emulating

Hetero-interface regulation for space charge transfer is an effective strategy to achieve high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis. We have constructed heterostructured Co3Mo3N/Co particles confined in porous N-doped carbon (Co3Mo3N/Co@PNC) to decrease alkaline HER energy barrier, and the synergistic mechanisms of Co3Mo3N and metal Co were identified by experiments and theoretical

Sparse coding provides a versatile framework for efficiently capturing and representing crucial data (information) concisely, which plays an essential role in various computer science fields, including data compression, feature extraction, and general signal processing. Here, we propose symmetric quantum neural networks for realizing sparse coding and decoding algorithms. Our networks consist of multi-layer

A method for generating bandwidth-enhanced chaotic laser with time-delay signature suppression by a microring resonator is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Through multiple beam interference effect and nonlinear effect within a microring resonator, chaotic laser generated by conventional optical feedback is optimized. A chaotic laser with the standard bandwidth of 26.5 GHz, the spectrum flatness

This study delves into the nonlinear transport phenomena exhibited by the telephone number compound Sr14Cu24O41 (SCO), shedding light on the underlying mechanisms driving resistive switching behavior. Through a comprehensive investigation utilizing various measurement techniques, including continuous and pulsed I–V sweeps, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, and numerical simulations, we unravel the

In this work, the influence of the Fe and Fe/C co-doped buffer on the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is systematically investigated and compared. Due to the pronounced Fe tail in the unintentionally doped layer of the Fe-doped buffer compared to the Fe/C co-doped buffer, and the utilization of a two-step C doping process in the Fe/C co-doped buffer, it results in effectively reducing leakage current and increasing

Nanoscale subsurface characterization technologies based on the scanning electron microscope platform offer incomparable advantages of nondestructiveness and penetration depths up to the micrometer scale. However, the electron beam can serve not just as a mechanical/electrical excitation source but also as an excellent nanoscale thermal excitation source, which can facilitate the development of nanoscale

We report on a cascade nanosecond CdSe optical parametric oscillator with an output energy of 0.54 mJ at 100 Hz, temperature tuning within 9245–9285 nm, and a narrow (∼6 cm−1) spectral width achieved by a volume Bragg grating acting on the first stage. The CdSe crystal is pumped intracavity by the signal wave from the PPKTP-based first stage, and both stages operate under noncritical phase-matching

Color tunable organic light-emitting diodes have intrigued many application fields, such as smart lighting and information encryption. In this study, we propose a simple structure based on interfacial charge transfer complexes (CTCs) with double donors and single acceptors for achieving color tunability. Through embedding a second donor between the primary donor and the acceptor, the emission of devices

The stability of perovskite-based ionizing radiation detectors has garnered widespread concern. Here, the Schottky contact devices were fabricated using CsPbBr3 single crystals with either In or Bi as the anode. This research focused on analyzing the peak-centroid and energy resolution of pulse height spectra when illuminated by 241Am α particles. The cause of the operational instability in the Schottky

In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the switching behavior of BaTiO3 ferroelectric under the application of a high-amplitude high-frequency oscillatory electric field. While at lower frequencies, we observe a standard square-shaped hysteresis loop behavior, at frequencies approaching 1 THz, the hysteresis loop has an ellipsoidal shape. As the frequency increases, the

We proposed a coherent radiation scheme based on double-stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) induced cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) in a mixed methanol–ethanol solution. The SRS of methanol has two characteristic vibrational peaks, which are attributed to the symmetric stretching vibration of –CH3 and the antisymmetric stretching vibration of –CH3. The addition of ethanol enhances the antisymmetric stretching

Large-mode-area anti-resonant fibers (LMA ARF) with high beam quality have the potential to revolutionize mid-infrared high-power laser delivery by mitigating mode instabilities and nonlinear degradation. However, their tens-of-microns mode field diameters and small numerical aperture significantly increase the mode field mismatch and coupling complexity, respectively. In this work, an LMA all-solid

Modulating the electronic structure and O-intermediates' chemisorption behavior of Pd metallene with boosted oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance is critical to advance proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, Hf doping Pd metallene (Hf-Pd metallene) is developed for efficient ORR electrocatalysis. Multiple characterizations and theoretical simulations disclose that the Hf dopant

We present an optical inference platform based on the nonlinear interaction of a spatially modulated optical waveform in a second-harmonic-generation nonlinear crystal. Tuning the phase-matching condition allows for both efficient nonlinearity, required for general all-optical computing, and for optimizing the system performance, matching it to the spectral distribution of the input data to be processed

Eight kinds of patterned discharges are obtained by changing the discharge parameters in a dielectric barrier discharge with modulated gas gaps, which are applicable to materials patterned treatment. A square superlattice pattern consisting of two dot sublattices and one ring sublattice is studied and used to treat a PI film. The formation mechanism is studied by intensified charge coupled device.

Determining the characteristics of thermal field emission-induced breakdown is essential for various electron emission devices, such as thermionic energy converters. In previous studies, several mathematical models were developed to determine the breakdown voltages driven by field emission under different conditions; however, complicated computations were required to solve the numerical equations.

We studied the interfacial spin Hall magnetotransport in the Tb3Fe5O12 (TbIG)/Pt system across a non-magnetic [Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG)] spacer with garnet structure. TbIG (30 nm)/spacer samples were grown on single-crystal (GGG) (111) substrates by pulsed laser deposition before 5 nm of Pt was sputtered on the samples and patterned into Hall bars. The YAG spacer thickness (tYAG) dependences

Stochastic resonance, a phenomenon that amplifies and detects weak signals, has been observed in various physical systems. However, due to the challenge of constructing controllable nonlinear damping, stochastic resonance has never been experimentally performed using van der Pol nonlinearity. Here, we report the experimental observation of stochastic resonance in a single trapped-ion phonon laser system

This Letter pioneers an investigation into the influence of temperature on threshold voltage (VTH) instability under negative bias in ferroelectric charge trap gate stack (FEG) high electron mobility transistors. Based on the experimental stress condition, i.e., gate bias of −20 V and temperature (T) range from 30 to 150 °C, our findings reveal a unidirectional VTH shift with 30 °C < T < 90 °C, and

This work explores polyanionic phosphate-type α-Zn3(PO4)2 (ZP) as a negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries. It has a high theoretical capacity of 278 mA h g−1. The crystal structure of ZP is elucidated, and Patterson's electron density profiling is performed to understand the possible site of lithiation. To address the polaron-driven electrical insulation common to phosphates, we use superficial

Rutile germanium dioxide (r-GeO2) has been identified as an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor recently, featuring a bandgap of 4.68 eV—comparable to Ga2O3—but offering bipolar dopability, higher electron mobility, higher thermal conductivity, and higher Baliga figure of merit (BFOM). These superior properties position GeO2 as a promising material for various semiconductor applications. However, the epitaxial

Planaria serve as an intriguing model system wherein the effects of electric and magnetic fields on various biochemical pathways during cell morphogenesis can be studied. Recent experimental observations have demonstrated the non-trivial modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by a weak magnetic field (WMF) during planaria regeneration. However, the underlying biophysical mechanism behind

Due to the presence of an intrinsic C 1s peak in diamond, it is impossible to calibrate its binding energies using the adventitious C 1s peak (284.8 eV) during x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. The absence of accurate binding energy measurement makes it challenging to determine the interfacial band bending for the oxide/diamond heterojunction. To overcome this issue, a net-patterned gold

There is a growing interest in mixing spintronics and superconductivity to develop original energy-efficient nonvolatile memory and logic devices. Research works conducted so far have mostly focused on superconductor with critical temperature Tc lower than 10 K. Here, we report on the growth and characterization of MgB2/Ni80Fe20 and MgB2/Co bilayers, where Tc of the MgB2 layer is of the order of 30

Zero-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides are unique semiconductors with fruitful physical properties. Usually, only the inorganic polyhedrons dominate the band edge electronic and photophysical properties of such hybrid semiconductors, whereas the organic components mainly act as structure-stabilizing units. Herein, we study the electronic structures and photodynamics of isoelectronically

Creating low dimensional ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductors or half metals with strong FM orders is promising to meet the requirement for next-generation spintronics. However, most of the demonstrated FM semiconductors or half metals suffer from low Curie temperatures (TCs). Here, by first-principles calculations, we predict that the two-dimensional (2D) M3XSe4 (M = V, Cr; X = S, Te) monolayers are

In this paper, we reported the fabrication of improved CH3NH3PbI3/Si heterojunction photodetectors (PDs) achieved by passivating the interfacial defects by a low-temperature atomic layer deposition-grown thin amorphous HfO2 layer. The results suggested that the HfO2 thin layer effectively passivated the surface defects of Si and slightly improved the qualities of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films in terms of increasing

We report the observation of in-plane anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and planar Hall effect in our recently discovered kagome antiferromagnetic off-stoichiometric single crystal of Mn3Ga. We found that the in-plane AMR is dominated by a sixfold symmetry at low temperature due to the kagome lattice magnetocrystalline anisotropy. However, an unusual fourfold symmetry is also revealed by the angular-dependent

Physical reservoir computing (PRC), a brain-inspired computing method known for its efficient information processing and low training requirements, has attracted significant attention. The key factor lies in the number of computational nodes within the reservoir for its computational capability. Here, we explore co-multiplexing reservoirs that leverage both temporal and spatial strategies. Temporal

The highly anisotropic crystal structure of β-Ga2O3 gives rise to a variety of crystal planes, among which the (310) plane is a potentially stable close-packed plane for the O sublattice. In this paper, we report the β-Ga2O3 single crystal and substrates with a (310) major plane grown by the spontaneous nucleation technique in the casting method. High-quality crystal growth and substrate processing

This study presents “K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based” Pb-free smart material 0.80(K0.5Na0.5NbO3)–0.20(Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3) (KBST20) as exhibiting zero thermal expansion (ZTE) at low temperatures (T≤ 100 K) with long-range cubic symmetry stable over a wide temperature range (9 K ≤T≤ 500 K). The linear coefficient of the thermal expansion (αl) obtained from temperature-dependent neutron diffraction data is in the range

In this work, we fabricated a Van der Waals heterostructure of monolayer (ML) WS2 and InGaN quantum dots (QDs). This heterostructure is divided into coupled and uncoupled regions based on the thickness of the inserted hBN layer. Upon measuring its PL spectra, we identified an interfacial negative biexciton, which consists of a trion in ML WS2 and an exciton in QDs, in the coupled region. This interfacial

We have identified a class of two-dimensional ferroelastic monolayers, denoted as InXY (where X = S, Se; Y = Cl, Br, I), through first-principles calculations. The dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stabilities of these InXY monolayers are validated by phonon dispersion spectra, AIMD calculations, and elastic constants, respectively. These monolayers exhibit semiconducting behavior with bandgaps ranging

The utilization of solar energy by light conversion processes in both natural and artificial photosynthesis systems has become a pivotal means of sustaining a consistent power supply for our daily lives and production. In general, these reactions rely on the visible spectra region where the sun produces abundant energy according to the black body's emission. Further expanding the adoption of the near-infrared

While ferroelectric hafnia (HfO2) has become a technically important material for microelectronics, the physical origin of its ferroelectricity remains poorly understood. The tetragonal P42/nmc phase is commonly assigned as its paraelectric mother phase but has no soft mode at the Brillouin zone center. In this work, we propose that the paraelectric—ferroelectric transition in the fluorite-type Pca21

The morphological analysis of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layer stands as a critical imperative for advancing the performance of future organic solar cells. Conventional characterization tools employed for morphological investigation often require substantial resources, both in cost and physical space, thereby imposing restraints on research endeavors in this domain. Here, we extend the application

The application of spin–orbit torque (SOT) devices to neuromorphic computing platforms is focused on the development of hardware circuit architectures. However, the inter-device variability, the integration modes of devices and peripheral circuits, and appropriate application scenarios are still unclear, limiting the development of SOT devices in neuromorphic computing. To solve this problem, this

Superconducting traveling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) are broadband near-quantum limited microwave amplifiers commonly used for qubit readout and a wide range of other applications in quantum technologies. The performance of these amplifiers depends on achieving impedance matching to minimize reflected signals. Here, we apply a microwave calibration technique to extract the S-parameters of a

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) based on epitaxial complex oxide heterostructures are promising building blocks for developing low power nanoelectronics and neuromorphic computing. FTJs consisting of correlated oxide electrodes have distinct advantages in size scaling but only yield moderate electroresistance (ER) at room temperature due to the challenge in imposing asymmetric interfacial screening

Open microfluidic systems offer significant advantages, including the elimination of external pumps and facilitating fluid access at any point along the channel. However, their deployment in harsh environments is commonly compromised due to the delicate nature of hydrophilic chemical coatings and the vulnerability of open microchannels to clogging and contamination. Here, a bioinspired, demand-responsive

In this paper, we propose a graphene-based radar cross section (RCS) tunable antenna that utilizes metal mesh and graphene, both of which are optically transparent. The graphene sandwich structure is introduced to replace traditional components like diodes, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), and varactors, acting as an electromagnetic wave controller and significantly simplifying the device's

Rare-earth titanate pyrochlores have attracted significant attention for their unique magnetic frustration; however, research on the origin of low-temperature dielectric dispersion and the relationship between dielectric properties and structure lags far behind. Here, by systematically investigating the dielectric properties of representative rare-earth titanates R2Ti2O7 (R = La, Nd, Sm, Er, Yb, and

High-TC cuprate superconductors' growth conditions and their incompatibility with some of the most standard nanofabrication approaches make their large-scale integration with 2D materials (such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and other Van der Waals materials) much more difficult than for conventional, metallic superconductors. Here, we address this challenge and develop an approach

Due to its scientific significance and practical applications, the common natural phenomena of drops impacting on inclined surfaces have attracted extensive attention. Previous research has primarily reported the distinct morphology and dynamic behavior of drops impacting on inclined superhydrophobic surfaces compared to the impact on the horizontal scenarios. One distinguished feature of drop impingement

Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation is a tool of choice for studying ultrafast processes and atomic physics. Most experiments employing sources of XUV radiation, such as high harmonic generation (HHG) or x-ray lasers, benefit from knowing the number of photons delivered to target in every single shot, because of the possible shot-to-shot pulse fluctuation of the sources. Nonetheless, many setups lack

AlGaAs is a promising integrated nonlinear photonics material with enormous optical nonlinearity and high refractive index. Nevertheless, presently AlGaAs microring resonators exhibiting high-quality factors and tight optical confinement rely predominantly on wafer bonding techniques, which entail an intricate fabrication process. Here, we present suspended AlGaAs waveguides and resonators as a viable

Phase transitions in metastable α-, κ(ε)-, and γ-Ga2O3 films to thermodynamically stable β-Ga2O3 during annealing in air, N2, and vacuum have been systematically investigated via in situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These respective polymorphs exhibited thermal stability to ∼471–525 °C, ∼773–825 °C, and ∼490–575 °C before transforming into β-Ga2O3

Pyroelectric materials have been widely studied because of their important role in infrared detectors, sensors, thermal imaging, and other applications, among which, lead-based ceramics are extensively adopted. However, the environmental problems caused by lead-based compounds in production and processing are becoming increasingly serious. Meanwhile, the surface mounting technology is extensively employed

The perovskite materials have been broadly incorporated into optoelectronic devices due to a number of advantages such as high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, long carrier diffusion length, shallow defect levels, and high crystal quality. The rapid technological progress of perovskite devices is related to their relatively simple fabrication process, low production cost, and high efficiency

We investigate the strong correlation between magnon–magnon coupling (M–M coupling) and coherent spin pumping in yttrium iron garnet/permalloy (Y3Fe5O12, YIG/Py) heterostructure through spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance technique. We demonstrate experimentally that the spin pumping of hybrid modes is the strongest near the coupling region at 295 K, indicating that coherent spin pumping is closely

Nonlinear optics of structured light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has recently led to intriguing fundamental physical effects in light–matter interactions and advanced applications from classical imaging to quantum informatics. However, the mutual interaction between spatial mode and frequency conversions in nonlinear processes is still elusive. In this work, we go beyond only considering

Viscosity measurement is crucial in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. Currently, rapid and non-contact methods for measuring viscosity remain challenging. We propose a method based on optical coherence tomography for fast, remote assessment of the liquid viscosity. The viscosity of the liquid sample was quantified according to Poiseuille's law, the flow velocity was determined using optical

Researchers are increasingly drawn to WSe2 due to its wide-ranging applications in electronic, optoelectronic, and catalytic materials. Like other transition metal dichalcogenides, it has different polymorphs, viz., 1T, 1T′, and 2H phases. A hexagonal close-packed layer-type structure of 2H-WSe2 is well studied and possesses a semiconducting behavior. However, the literature lacks a detailed study

Diamond electronic devices have attracted significant interest owing to their excellent semiconducting properties. We recently demonstrated that eliminating surface-transfer doping enhances carrier mobility and achieves normally off behavior in diamond field-effect transistors (FETs) with a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) gate insulator. In our previous study, the gate electrode was overlapped onto

Neuromorphic electronics, inspired by the complexity of the biological brain, hold promise for revolutionizing information technology by enabling more efficient computing paradigms. Here, we report the potential of oxide heterostructure materials as building blocks for synapses in neuromorphic computer networks. Our approach involves utilizing two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) within the oxide heterostructure