Shear horizontal surface acoustic wave resonators (SH-SAWRs) based on lithium niobate thin films on insulator (LNOI) platforms exhibit high electromechanical coupling and hold significant potential for applications in devices operating at frequencies exceeding gigahertz (GHz). This work presents the SH-SAWR with a resonance frequency of 2 GHz and high effective electromechanical coupling coefficient

Heat conduction between air molecules and solid interfaces is substantial for thermal management in nanoelectronics devices. Such a process, governed by collisions between air molecules and the surface, is ascribed to the thermal accommodation coefficient (TAC). However, quantifying the TAC in miniaturized devices remains a significant challenge due to the limitation of measuring at small scales. Here

Undoped Ca3Co4O9 was synthesized using spray solution combustion synthesis (SSCS) and consolidated through spark plasma sintering (SPS), resulting in a microstructure with moderate texturing [maximum Lotgering factor of 0.35 for the (004) plane] and strongly elongated, densely packed grains oriented perpendicular to the pressing direction. The presence of texture mainly influences the electrical conductivity

Fano resonance with an asymmetric and ultrasharp resonant line shape has been extensively studied in various light scattering scenes, unlocking several applications for sensing, information processing, and optical identification. Fano resonance appearing in multilayered nanoparticles (NPs) is particularly intriguing as its sharp and comb-like resonant line shape may enable optical identification at

We propose a simple method to generate a frequency-multiplexed terahertz multiple vortex beam using a spiral phase plate and a metallic mask. Using a broadband terahertz source, we experimentally demonstrate the conversion of a terahertz Gaussian beam into a frequency-multiplexed single or multiple vortex beam with topological charges ranging from 1 to 3, which is supported by simulations. This multifunctional

As an attractive lead-free thermoelectric material, GeTe has gained widespread interest. However, the extremely high hole concentration seriously limits the thermoelectric performance of pristine GeTe. In this work, dilute MnBi2Te4-alloying is utilized to synergically optimize electrical- and thermal-transport properties of GeTe for thermoelectric performance improvement. It can not only decrease the

We introduce and develop a hybrid structure combining graphene and Weyl semimetal that is capable of achieving dynamically adjustable dual-band nonreciprocal radiation. The results reveal that the nonreciprocal radiation can be attributed to the synergistic interaction between resonance mode excitation and the unique properties of Weyl materials, with the electric field distribution providing further

This research proposes a selective polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) doping strategy to enhance the electrical stability of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). In contrast to conventional single-layer PTFE-doped IGZO TFTs, which increase electrical stability but face a trade-off with reduced mobility due to the uniform distribution of PTFE throughout the layer, this strategy

Mid-infrared laser spectroscopy at wavelengths of 4–5 μm is important for the detection of greenhouse gases, including CO2 at 4.23 μm, N2O at 4.45 μm, and CO at 4.60 μm, with ultra-high sensitivity and selectivity. It can be used in environmental monitoring, real-time industrial process controls, medical diagnosis/therapeutics, and other applications. In this work, we report significant advances in

Microalloying has been widely used to enhance the glass-forming ability and stability of metallic glasses. However, this study reveals that microalloying can effectively suppress the formation of ultrastable states in Ce-based bulk metallic glasses. Over a decade of natural aging at room temperature, thermal relaxation was accompanied by the shrinkage of Ce-rich vacancy-sized open spaces driven by

Spintronic applications require an efficient injection of spin-polarized carriers. We study the maximally achievable spin polarization in InAs quantum dots in a vertical-cavity gain structure to be used in telecoms-wavelength vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers via measurement of the Stokes parameter of the photoluminescence emission around 1290 nm. Using five pump wavelengths between

While HgCdTe remains the workhorse material for high-performance infrared (IR) detectors, there is still an ever-increasing demand for devices with lower costs and minimal defect densities. Epitaxial HgCdTe is typically grown on either low-cost Si substrates utilizing a CdTe virtual substrate with a large lattice mismatch or high-cost bulk CdZnTe substrates. Although high-quality CdTe epilayers can

Au, the most pivotal dopant in n-on-p HgCdTe technology, exhibits intricate interactions with Hg vacancy. Understanding this interaction is essential for the fabrication of Au-doped HgCdTe infrared detectors. In this study, we examined the diffusion properties of Au atoms in vacancy-doped HgCdTe utilizing secondary ion mass spectrometry and variable-temperature Hall measurements. The results indicate

Silicon oxide (SiOx) is often used to provide powerful passivation for the crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells; however, conventional SiOx passivated contacts are typically amorphous and defective, with low electrical conductivity. In this study, we introduce a sol-crystallization induction (SCI) method that enables the growth of compact, less defective, and vertically oriented SiOx (v-SiOx) passivated

Incident-angle-dependent wavefront manipulation, especially in transmission, is highly desired in the realm of electromagnetic waves. In this work, we demonstrate a unique type of angle-dependent multifunctional metasurfaces (ADMMs) that exhibit distinct wavefront control functionalities under illumination at different incident angles. The ADMMs are composed of two kinds of transmissive meta-atoms

The capacity fading mechanism of Cr8O21 remains unclear owing to the lack of reliable evidence. To elucidate the source of capacity loss, we investigated the structures, the structural evolution process, and phase transitions of lithiated Cr8O21 (LixCr8O21) using first-principles calculations. On the one hand, we found that LixCr8O21 adopts a sandwich structure at low Li content but exhibits a rock

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond can be read out optically or electrically. To better understand the physics of their internal electronic transitions as well as ionization and recharging, we study the spin contrast observed in both readout methods as a function of the excitation wavelength for both single NV centers and ensembles. While the optical readout works best between 525 and 550 nm

Growth of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (i-a-Si:H) films in silicon heterojunction solar cells employing hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) technology does have cost advantages, yet related studies remain insufficient. To explore the potential of this technology, we investigate the synergistic effects of hydrogen dilution ratio and hot-wire temperature on film structure, passivation

The exploration of non-Hermitian effects is essential for advancing both the theoretical understanding and practical applications of fundamental physics, and has garnered significant attention in the past few decades. The non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE), when combined with other physical mechanisms, enables flexible and intriguing manipulation of wave transport. Recent theoretical study demonstrates

Ionic migration in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) films play a crucial role in shaping the ferroelectric (FE) properties of HZO, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We employed in situ extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), a highly challenging technique due to its sensitivity to subtle changes in atomic coordination, to track real-time variations in the local atomic environment

We consider a medium exhibiting nonreciprocal magneto-electric effect known as Tellegen response captured by the equations of axion electrodynamics. Here, we investigate the implications of the complex-valued Tellegen response, discuss the conditions for its emergence and possible material realizations outlining a route to its experimental identification from the Stokes parameters of the reflected

Normally off beta-phase gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) metal-oxide field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) on GaN-on-Si substrates were fabricated with a threshold voltage (VTH) of 3 V. β-Ga2O3 thin films were deposited using pulsed laser deposition. The device demonstrated an excellent breakdown voltage of ∼540 V at VGS = 0 V and an extremely low gate leakage current of ∼10−7 mA/mm. Additionally, it exhibited

This work proposes a double-layer lithium niobate (LiNbO3) longitudinally excited shear wave resonator with an ultra-large electromechanical coupling coefficient(keff2). When the rotation of the two films is different by a certain angle, the resonator will obtain the keff2 exceeding 55%, RaR close to 26%, and no spurious mode. This ultra-large keff2 is much larger than all LiNbO3 acoustic resonators

In this Letter, we present a stochastic neuron implemented based on a dual-free-layer magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). The device exhibits a stochastic switching behavior by utilizing coupled degrees of freedom and dynamic oscillation induced by spin transfer torque in both free magnetic layers. The stochasticity can be effectively modulated by an external magnetic field and bias current. Furthermore

Biosensors based on field-effect transistor (FET) have advantages of label-free detection, rapid response, small size, and good compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing process. However, their sensitivities are limited by the Boltzmann distribution of electrons. Negative capacitance effect has the potential to address this challenge. Here, we realize two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction

We experimentally demonstrate digital communications in the terahertz (THz) band using a rubidium vapor cell as a quantum receiver. We utilize amplitude modulation to encode digital information in THz photons, which are coherently upconverted to optical photons via a Rydberg six-wave-mixing process. We achieve a data transmission rate of up to 1.16 Mbit/s and a tunable bandwidth of up to 142 MHz near

As a fundamental component of solid-state lithium metal batteries, the design of solid-state electrolytes and the investigation of Li-ion transport mechanisms have consistently been prominent areas of research in the field of solid-state batteries. In this manuscript, we present a solid-state electrolyte composed of Li3ErCl6 and AlCl3. The ion conductivity of this solid electrolyte is measured at 1

Transparent ferroelectric materials have been attracting enormous attention due to their simultaneously ultrahigh transparency and piezoelectricity, which are highly desirable for electro-optical-mechanical devices. However, it is very challenging to achieve excellent optical transparency in ferroelectric materials because of the severe light scattering of the domain wall. Here, a domain wall scattering

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have the advantages of strong optical nonlinear response, negligible harmonic absorption, and easy fulfillment of the phase-matching condition and are considered as attractive materials for high-harmonic generation (HHG). However, the high-harmonic yield is limited by the short light–matter interaction length. Here, we demonstrate the enhancement

We theoretically investigate the light-induced transition of the kagome quasienergy spectrum into a Lieb-like spectrum under periodic driving fields. We develop a general framework for calculating renormalized hopping potentials, which is applicable to any two-dimensional lattice with arbitrary field polarizations. By implementing this framework on a kagome lattice driven by a linearly polarized light

Photoelectric synaptic transistors (PSTs) based on metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) have shown promising applications in visual perception and photonic computing. However, the response range of the PST is limited in the ultra-violet region due to the wide bandgap of the MOS. Herein, a visible light-driven InGaZnO PST based on CeOx floating gate is presented. The optical response of the PST is improved

Two-dimensional tellurium (Te) has been intensely studied in recent years due to its outstanding electrical properties and excellent air stability. Simple and effective contact engineering is highly desirable to further improve its device performance. In this work, we demonstrate a simple strategy to largely improve the metal–Te contact quality by forming an ultrathin tellurium oxide layer in the contact

Charge doping in two-dimensional materials, particularly in Cr-based MXene, a high spin-polarized material, induces magnetic responses that have significant potential for spintronic device applications. The practical application of these response mechanisms in this field is contingent upon their comprehension. In this study, first-principles calculations are implemented to investigate the influence

The Schottky interface in metal–semiconductor contacts significantly affects and even dominates the performance of semiconductor devices. Therefore, accurately characterizing and regulating the Schottky barrier at the interface is of great research significance. In this report, the Au/MoS2/Ag transistor is fabricated by using an asymmetric electrode configuration. Under 405 nm light illumination, a

Spin–orbit torque-induced perpendicular magnetization switching has attracted much attention due to the advantages of nonvolatility, high density, infinite read/write counts, and low power consumption in spintronic applications. To achieve field-free deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization, additional magnetic field, magnetic layer assistance, or artificially designed structural symmetry

Terahertz programmable metasurfaces hold significant promise for next-generation communications due to their capability to steer electromagnetic waves. However, most existing terahertz metasurfaces operate at only a single frequency, leaving much of the vast terahertz spectrum underutilized. In this study, we introduce a “butterfly” programmable dual-band metasurface, integrated with liquid crystals

We employ a dry-type phantom to evaluate the performance of a diamond quantum magnetometer with a high sensitivity of about 6 pT/Hz from the viewpoint of practical measurement in biomagnetic sensing. The dry phantom is supposed to represent an equivalent current dipole (ECD) generated by brain activity, emulating an encephalomagnetic field. The spatial resolution of the magnetometer is evaluated to

Piezoelectric ceramics play a critical role in precision-driven applications; however, achieving high-strain performance often comes at the cost of increased hysteresis and compromised thermal stability. This study reports on 1.5 mol. % Sm3+-doped 0.16PYN-0.52PMN-0.32PT ceramics, with a phase structure situated near the morphotropic phase boundary, which exhibit significantly enhanced piezoelectric

Cladding layer between acoustic waveguides, widely used in acoustic circuits, can prevent crosstalk between waveguides. Here a superimposed Mie resonator (SMR) with anisotropic spatial dispersion is proposed as an adjustable unit to realize cladding-free acoustic circuit. The SMR is formed by overlapping two conventional Mie resonators. By analyzing the complementary waveguide modes between the SMRs

CaTiSiO5 (titanite or sphene) is a potential linear dielectric material with high dielectric constant for high temperature stability multilayer ceramic capacitor applications. To suppress the formation of α phase CaTiSiO5, which has low temperature stability, co-doping is considered to be an effective approach. Here, we propose to use defect relaxation energy as a screening criterion to quickly identify

We have studied the effects of phonon-boundary scattering on the thermal transport of topological Kondo insulator SmB6. The studies have been performed using the 3ω method across a temperature range 3–300 K. Our results indicate that the thermal conductivity of micro-sized SmB6 is of an order of magnitude smaller than that of a bulk single crystal. Using the Callaway model, we analyzed the low-temperature

Lithium metal anodes are widely regarded as the ultimate solution for high-energy-density batteries. However, their practical application has been hindered by the challenge of simultaneously achieving ultrathin thickness and high Coulombic efficiencies during lithium deposition and stripping. To address this issue, we propose a phosphorization strategy involving the phosphorization of garnet-based

In this work, we carried out research on the photoresponsivity of a high-performance p-GaN high-electron mobility transistor-based ultraviolet photodetector at low temperatures. The device exhibited an extraordinary responsivity of 2.8 × 106 A/W at 100 K, demonstrating its great potential in frigid environment. Meanwhile, the mechanism of interaction between photo-generated carriers and defects is

This paper proposes a wideband reconfigurable metasurface (WRM) for full-polarization ground-penetrating radar (FP-GPR). By adjusting the switching states of positive intrinsic negative diodes, the WRM can precisely and efficiently control the polarization of radar signals. Additionally, without increasing the number of antennas or altering their positions, the WRM enables complex antenna configurations

Photocatalytic water splitting is a promising route for clean energy production, yet remains constrained by poor carrier utilization and low solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency. Here, we demonstrate the role of out-of-plane polarization in addressing these limitations by using 1H phase Cr-based Janus monolayers. The out-of-plane polarization optimizes band edges to match water redox potentials at pH

We investigate how the ferroelectric domains of two single-crystal BaTiO3 (BTO) substrates, oriented along [001] and [111], influence the Raman response of monolayer graphene at varying temperatures. A Raman band around 1445 cm−1, close to the G mode and associated with BTO polarization, enables the simultaneous analysis of charge density in graphene and the organization of ferroelectric domains. Raman

The 0.9 μm diameter oxide aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are developed for high-speed cryogenic operation. Ultralow threshold current of 0.05 mA was measured at 3 K by optimizing the gain–cavity resonance alignment and reducing the oxide aperture size to sub-micron. The VCSEL exhibits ultrahigh linearity with wide dynamic range of I/Ith > 100. The microcavity VCSELs deliver

While metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) offer high efficiency and potential application in single junction and tandem solar cells, challenges remain in translating solution-based methods to commercial-scale production. Vapor transport deposition (VTD) offers advantages such as precise control over film composition and purity, as well as the possibility of achieving high thin film deposition rates for

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have spurred growing interest in developing innovative architectures for artificial synapses. Among these, nanowires have emerged as promising candidates for creating lightweight, flexible, and energy-efficient synapses. However, achieving in-plane aligned growth of nanowires on flexible substrates poses a substantial challenge for their integration into

This study explores strain-dependent regulation of magnetoelectric (ME) properties in flexible composite films. A flexible ME device with cylindrical assemblies of SmFe2 nanoclusters embedded in Bi5Ti3FeO15 matrix was prepared by low-energy cluster-beam deposition and wet chemical methods. Experimental results reveal distinct performance variations under different bending conditions. The strain-mediated

Selective lateral heteroepitaxy provides a cost-effective and high-density option for monolithically integrating III–V lasers on Si-photonics. Compared with planar (001) quantum wells (QWs) using conventional vertical epitaxy, lateral epitaxy produces vertical (110)-oriented QWs with distinct structural, optical, and epitaxial characteristics. Understanding these unique properties is vital for future

Magnetic phase transition holds considerable scientific and technological value in the field of spintronics, as it plays a crucial role in the manipulation and control of spin degrees of freedom. In this study, by controlling nitrogen doping, we demonstrate a magnetic phase transition in Fe3Ga thin films, shifting from a ferromagnetic insulator Fe3Ga with cubic structure to a ferromagnetic metal Fe3GaN

This work investigates the heating efficiency of permalloy wire-tube nanostructures through micromagnetic simulations. We demonstrate that specific geometrical configurations of these nanostructures enhance their heating capacity compared to conventional nanowires. This improvement is attributed to the optimized control of dynamic magnetization processes, which directly influence the specific absorption

We design and fabricate a two-dimensional terahertz oscillator array based on resonant-tunneling diodes. The two-dimensional array utilizes high-efficiency slot resonators as array elements, enabling enhancement in power performance. The two-dimensional arrangement is achieved by the staggered configuration of anti-phase resonant-tunneling diode (RTD) pairs coupled by common resistors, while power

Aluminum oxynitride (AlOxNy) films with nitrogen content ranging from 2.51% to 6.38% were employed as gate dielectrics in GaN-based metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structures. These films were deposited using a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition system through alternating cycles of AlN and Al2O3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the Al 2p and N 1s peaks shows that the AlOxNy films

In 2021, we discovered a novel size effect with a period of 25 Å on strongly correlated compound CaRuO3. The change in film thickness of only one nanometer leads to an increase in electrical resistivity at 4 K by a factor of several Billion. However, the excitation energy of 2.14 eV on insulating CaRuO3 is too large to explain the mechanism by conventional quantum well. In this study, we clarify that

The Bi5Mg0.5Ti3.5−xZrxO15 (BMTZxO, x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) ergodic relaxor ferroelectric films were prepared using a combined sol–gel and plasma technique. The polarization intensity of the films is enhanced by introducing multi-oriented B-site defect ion pairs and increasing local lattice distortion. The relaxor ferroelectric properties are improved by the interaction between defect ions pairs

Accurate measurement of corneal viscoelasticity is essential for diagnosing ocular diseases and understanding corneal biomechanics. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is a promising technique for high-resolution imaging and quantitative assessment of tissue elasticity. However, existing OCE methods often struggle to provide comprehensive viscoelastic measurements of the cornea under varying intraocular

Current ultrafast imaging techniques necessitate single-shot continuous recording capabilities to capture non-repetitive ultrafast phenomena. Among various methods, projection-based ultrafast imaging methods have garnered significant attention due to their ability to acquire multiple frames in a single exposure. However, the reconstruction accuracy of these methods is fundamentally constrained by the

Mid-infrared photodetectors that can operate at room temperature are of great interest for a wide range of applications. Here, we demonstrate unbiased, mid-infrared (10.4 μm) photodetection in epitaxial thin films of the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2), which are grown on a III–V heterostructure. We show that the photocurrent response of planar metal–Cd3As2–metal devices