As the field of superconducting quantum computing approaches maturity, optimization of single-device performance is proving to be a promising avenue toward large-scale quantum computers. However, this optimization is possible only if performance metrics can be accurately compared among measurements, devices, and laboratories. Currently, such comparisons are inaccurate or impossible due to understudied

Flow-induced vibration (FIV) energy harvesting has attracted extensive research interest in the past two decades. Remarkable research achievements and contributions from different aspects are briefly overviewed. Example applications of FIV energy harvesting techniques in the development of Internet of Things are mentioned. The challenges and difficulties in this field are summarized from two sides

Surface defect passivation through additional molecular bonding plays a crucial role in optimization of perovskite-based photovoltaic devices. So far, quantization of the defect site coverage by molecular passivation remains unclear from a macroscopic view. We herein unravel the coverage possibility of the surface defect sites of perovskite films by the added molecule passivators upon an MAPbI3 perovskite

Based on theoretical predictions on the appearance of antibunching before the laser threshold at the nano- and microscale, we analyze the amount of photon-number squeezing naturally produced in the laser emission. Up to 3 dB photon number noise reduction is obtained in comparison with the coherent emission, with output power in the range of pW and with negligible effects due to pump fluctuations. The

We propose a simple implementation to obtain super-broadband geometric phase devices (GPD) by means of circular polarization converter (CPC) with mirror symmetry. We demonstrate that the best choice of wideband GPDs and CPCs is a mirror symmetric structure. Based on a two-rotation model on the Poincaré sphere, optimization parameters and time are significantly reduced. The CPC can be extended to super-broadband

Low-dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites are rapidly emerging as a fascinating sub-class of the three-dimensional parent structures, thanks to their appealing charge and thermal transport properties, paired to better chemical and thermal stabilities. Extensive investigations of the thermal behavior in these systems are of paramount relevance to understand their optoelectronic

In this paper, we demonstrate a frequency modulation technique to accurately measure the probe Stark shift of optical clocks. The effective coupling strength of the probe laser to the clock transition is precisely controlled by this frequency modulation technique, which is different from the traditional method by controlling the effective coupling strength via changing the probe light power. In an

The combination of high-quality factors and small mode volumes in whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonators promotes significantly enhanced light-matter interactions, making them excellent cavities for achieving compact semiconductor lasers with low threshold and narrow linewidth. However, success in developing GaN-based WGM lasers has been extremely limited due to the complicated design and fabrication

Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is one of the most promising photocatalysts for overall water splitting (OWS). Strains can be commonly introduced in SrTiO3 during the synthetic processes, for example, in pulsed laser deposition. However, the effect of the strains on the catalytic performance of OWS is still unclear to date. Herein, first-principles calculations were performed to evaluate the impact of

We report a kind of sound absorbing metastructure based on micro-perforated panel (MPP) and impedance matching coiled-up cavity (IMCC), which can broaden the low-frequency working bandwidth tremendously using single unit (e.g., 3.13 times compared to conventional designs) within a deep sub-wavelength thickness (e.g., ∼λ/20 at 322 Hz). Physically, impedance matching stemming from the dramatic cross-sectional

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting directly converts solar energy into clean and sustainable hydrogen energy, representing a promising and effective technique for solving the world's energy crisis. A hole transfer layer (HTL) plays a vital role for extracting holes from a semiconductor layer to a back electrode in PEC cells for water splitting. In this work, a TiOx/Sb2Se3/NiOx photocathode

Molybdenum carbonitride films prepared by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition were studied for use as Schottky contacts to n-type gallium nitride. Deposited using bis(tertbutylimino)bis(dimethylamino)molybdenum and a remote plasma N2/H2 plasma, the diodes capped with Ti/Au displayed excellent rectifying behavior with a barrier height of 0.87 ± 0.01 eV and an ideality factor of 1.02 ± 0.01 after

With its high energy efficiency and ultra-high speed, processing-in-memory (PIM) technology is promising to enable high performance in Reservoir Computing (RC) systems. In this work, we demonstrate an RC system based on an as-fabricated PIM chip platform. The RC system extracts input into a high-dimensional space through the nonlinear characteristic and randomly connected reservoir states inside the

Zinc-doped monoclinic gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3:Zn) has semi-insulating properties that could make it a preferred material as a substrate for power devices. Infrared and UV/Visible spectroscopy were used to investigate the defect properties of bulk β-Ga2O3:Zn crystals. As-grown crystals contain a single O-H stretching mode at 3486.7 cm−1 due to a neutral ZnH complex. A deuterium-annealed sample displays

Synthetic antiferromagnetic particles with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy offer a highly desirable platform for use in fluidic applications. This work illustrates their high level of switching field tunability and demonstrates the ability to use particle design to overcome unfavorable hysteretic changes during patterning to manufacture functional, low switching field nanodisks. This makes them ideal

We experimentally and theoretically study the coupling between magnons and microwave photons at zero static magnetic field in a system combined by a planar superconducting cavity and a van der Waals antiferromagnetic insulator CrCl3 crystal. Using high-temperature superconductor DyBaCO, we fabricate a planar superconducting cavity with a high-quality factor. The antiferromagnetic resonance of CrCl3

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials with high Curie temperatures (TC) and tunable physical properties are crucial to the development of nanoscale spintronics devices. Here, we investigate the newly synthesized iodinene using first-principles calculations. Our results show that doping carriers in monolayer and bilayer iodinene can easily introduce itinerant ferromagnetism due to a flatband

Using a time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect microscope, we observed ultrafast demagnetization of inverse-spinel-type ferrimagnet NiCo2O4 (NCO) epitaxial thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. This microscope uses a pump-probe method, where the sample is pumped at 1030 nm, and magnetic domain images are acquired via magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy at 515 nm (the second harmonic)

Phenomenology similar to the non-reciprocal charge transport violating Onsager's reciprocity relations can develop in directionally inhomogeneous conducting films with non-uniform Hall coefficient along the current trajectory. The effect is demonstrated in ferromagnetic CoPd films and analyzed in comparison with the unidirectional magnetoresistance phenomena. We suggest to use an engineered inhomogeneity

We show that a ferromagnetic (F) slab with the in-plane magnetization sandwiched between two superconducting (S) films experiences strong demagnetization effect due to the Meissner screening of the stray magnetic field by superconductors. In the extreme case, the transition of the S film from normal to the superconducting state can switch the demagnetization factor from 0 to 1, which is in a sharp

As a strain-gradient-induced electric polarization, flexoelectricity in dielectric materials is benefiting from its size effect and manipulating strain gradients. Dielectric elastomers (DE) are stretchable with tunable physical and chemical properties. Large deformation enables big strain gradient, highlighting flexoelectricity during electro-mechanical coupling procedures. High and tunable electro-mechanical

We deposited polar-axis-oriented tetragonal and rhombohedral single domain Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) films on CaF2(100) substrates by inserting SrRuO3 (SRO)/LaNiO3 and SRO/SrTiO3/TiO2/CeO2 buffer layers. Both PZT films grew epitaxially and had a (001)- and (111)-domain with the remnant polarization and piezoelectric constant comparable to the theoretical values of PZT single crystals having the same compositions

Ferroelectric perovskite oxide materials for photovoltaics (PV) have received considerable attention for their switchable PV responses and above-bandgap photovoltages as a type of new-generation PV device. Relatively large bandgap and low photocurrent remain major problems for their PV applications. Herein, we report the PV response of ferroelectric double-perovskite Bi2FeMnO6 (BFMO) thin films. It

Curved carbon-based fibers, in the form of looped fibers, have been investigated as promising field electron emitters with high mechanical stability. Recently, the growth of semicircular arched carbon nanofibers (structures when the arch is incomplete) has received increased attention due to their potential application in next-generation electronic devices. In this Letter, we theoretically investigate

Here, we study the temperature-dependent transport properties of OFETs with the prototypical OSC 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) co-processed with polystyrene (PS) as the active layer. The active layer is deposited directly on SiO2 using the bar-assisted meniscus shearing (BAMS) method. The co-processing with PS favors a consequential decrease in interfacial trap densities

Interface trap density (Dit) inside the conduction band of (111)-oriented InAs-on-insulator (InAs-OI) n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (nMOSFET) was experimentally evaluated by developing a method through a combination of a Hall measurement and quasi-static split C–V (Hall-QSCV). The surface potential and Dit of the InAs-OI nMOSFET were self-consistently calculated by numerically

Ultra-wide bandgap β-gallium oxide (Ga2O3) vertical device technologies are of significant interest in the context of the development of next-generation kV-range power switching devices. In this work, thermal analysis of vertical fin channel-based metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (or fin field-effect transistors—FinFETs) was performed using infrared thermal microscopy and coupled

An oxygen-based ionic synaptic transistor (O-IST) is a promising synaptic element for neuromorphic computing. In this study, we demonstrated that the density of the electrolyte plays a key role in achieving excellent synaptic characteristics in an O-IST. In a Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3-based O-IST, we precisely controlled the density of the HfOx electrolyte and found that a low-density electrolyte could improve

The contactless manipulation of microparticles and cells by using acoustic forces is important in many applications. However, multi-band acoustophoresis has been rarely investigated in the literature. In this Letter, we propose a microscale acoustofluidic system that has multiple orders of available Lamb modes for the acoustic trapping of microparticles at various frequencies. In our device, standing

Infrared multispectral photodetectors with high performance show great potential in a broad range of applications. Here, sensitive and controllable dual-color photodetection at 10.6 and 15.7 μm is demonstrated by using a charge sensitive infrared phototransistor (CSIP) with dynamical optical gate. The CSIP device is fabricated in a GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum well (QW) crystal with both upper and lower

WO3 nanowires (NWs) have emerged as a promising alternative electrocatalyst for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxygen evolution reaction (OER), due to their nontoxicity, low cost, good stability, and strong photocatalytic oxidation ability. However, a significant challenge is limited by the poor electrical conductivity and the rapid recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. This paper reports

An ultrathin VOx-doped NiFe alloy layer (VOx@NiFe) was electrodeposited on the surface of nickel-cobalt phosphide (NiCoP) supported by titanium mesh (TM) to achieve a highly active and low-cost bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. VOx doping not only significantly enhances the electrochemical surface areas and the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the NiFe/NiCoP/TM composite

In this work, the influence of the Ohmic-contact behavior at the absorber/transparent back-contact interface on the stability of flexible bifacial Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells is investigated. In the case of the CIGSe/In2O3:SnO2 (ITO) interface, the Ohmic contact is maintained via the introduction of trap-assisted recombination at the CIGSe surface during the ITO deposition. Post-annealed CIGSe/ITO

Obtaining high-fidelity and robust quantum gates is the key for scalable quantum computation, and one of the promising ways is to implement quantum gates using geometric phases, where the influence of local noises can be greatly reduced. To obtain robust quantum gates, we here propose a scheme for quantum manipulation by combining the geometric phase approach with the dynamical correction technique

Chalcopyrites could fill the gap between the low-cost, poor-efficiency single junction metal oxide photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cells and the high efficiency, yet costly III–V tandems. In this Perspective, we first review the key barriers that must be addressed by the community to enable economical chalcopyrite-based PEC water splitting. Then, we highlight how theoretical modeling can

A variety of pathogens can cause people to suffer from serious diseases, and the transmission of COVID-19 through the cold chain has once again attracted people's attention to cold chain disinfection. Unfortunately, there is no mature cold chain disinfection technique yet. In this study, a low-temperature plasma disinfection technique for a cold chain is proposed. The disinfection effect of plasma

Superconducting quantum circuits are one of the leading quantum computing platforms. To advance superconducting quantum computing to a point of practical importance, it is critical to identify and address material imperfections that lead to decoherence. Here, we use terahertz scanning near-field optical microscopy to probe the local dielectric properties and carrier concentrations of wet-etched aluminum

Perovskite nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in the field of nanoscale laser field, however, poor environmental stability is the biggest challenge that restricts their applications. In this study, an in situ synthesis method was used to encapsulate CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) in titanium silicalite molecular sieve (TS-1). Owing to the hollow structure and the hydrophobicity of the TS-1

We have directly generated two kinds of vector polarized beam pulses from an end pumped rotating Nd:YAG disk laser design acousto-optic Q-switch pulse modulation. About 20 ns pulse width with peak power 29 kW and stable pulse vector polarized beams are achieved at the continuous absorbed pump power. The laser crystal rotary effectively alleviates thermal effect that affects the power scaling with high

We report an approach in time-domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopy for measuring the dielectric response of liquids based on inherent properties of spintronic THz emitters (STEs). The THz electric field radiated from the STE is inversely proportional to the sum of the complex refractive indices of the media surrounding the thin metallic stack of the STE and the stack's conductivity. We demonstrate that

A record-long room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) lifetime (τPLRT) of approximately 70 ps was obtained for the sub-bandgap 3.7 eV emission band of a 300-nm-thick c-plane Al0.83In0.17N epilayer for the use in cladding layers of an edge laser structure, which were grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on a low threading dislocation density nearly lattice-matched GaN substrate. The recorded τPLRT

Picosecond ultrasonics, which studies laser-induced high-frequency strain waves, is a reliable and versatile method for nondestructive materials' characterization. Strain waves are generated through a light interaction with charges and their subsequent relaxation, and these waves conceal a wealth of information on the material. However, strain waves are detected through their convolution with a sensitivity

We performed femtosecond transient reflectivity measurements on epitaxially grown bismuth (Bi) films in the weak photoexcitation regime. Single crystalline ultrathin Bi films down to a thickness of 7 nm enabled us to determine a clear correspondence between the amplitude of the coherent A1g phonon and the photoexcitation level. We were able to empirically measure the effective hot carrier penetration

The tetrachalcogenide TaTe4 is known as an excellent example of a charge-density wave (CDW) system that has a commensurately modulated structure at room temperature. Using density function perturbation theory, we find that the unmodulated phase of TaTe4 has a giant Kohn anomaly at room temperature, which manifests itself as softened phonon modes at the CDW vector (1/2a*,1/2b*,1/3c*). Interestingly

In this Letter, the compressive strain-assisted reduction of work function (WF) of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) has been presented. For this purpose, a 30 keV Au−1 ion beam was irradiated on a high-quality BNNS deposited on a Si substrate. Before ion irradiation, the pristine BNNSs were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy for the estimation of its number of layers

We present an inverted metamorphic rear heterojunction ∼1.0 eV GaInAs solar cell deposited by dynamic hydride vapor phase epitaxy (D-HVPE) with high growth rate. This device uses a Ga1−xInxP compositionally graded buffer (CGB) to bridge the lattice constant gap between the GaAs substrate and the Ga0.71In0.29As emitter layer. High-resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirm

By exploiting NbOx, we demonstrate its hybrid memory characteristics, indicating that resistive switching is unified with selector behavior. First, we identify that the 50-nm-thick amorphous NbOx inherently shows volatile threshold switching (TS). To enable memory switching (MS) in NbOx, device environments are configured that can supply oxygen vacancies or cations constituting a conductive filament

A Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry approach was used to investigate the anisotropic dielectric constants of corundum α-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin films in their below bandgap spectral regions. The sample set was epitaxially grown using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on m-plane sapphire. The spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements were performed at multiple azimuthal angles to resolve the uniaxial

The heteroepitaxy of a single crystal diamond has been carried out in the KTaO3 substrate using Ir as a buffer layer. KTaO3 has a perovskite lattice structure and displays a face-centered cubic structure. Its lattice constant is 3.98 Å, which is only 3% mismatched with the lattice constant of Ir of 3.84 Å, and also, its thermal expansion coefficient is 4.031 × 10−6/K, which is nearly close to that

The T-shaped spin conversion device consisting of ferromagnetic and spin Hall (or spin conversion) materials is an indispensable component in a new type of logic circuit called a magnetoelectric spin–orbit device. We examine the influence of the planar Hall effect (PHE) on the output signal in the T-shaped device. Angular dependences of decomposed even and odd components in the signal reveal that the

We demonstrate enhanced directive terahertz (THz) radiation emission from a horn-antenna coupled spintronic THz radiation emitter without the use of additional lenses. The waveguide-fed horn antenna is fabricated using 3D lithography and is coupled directly to the THz-emitting film serving to direct the highly divergent THz radiation emitted by the spintronic THz radiation emitter. The antenna-coupled

We report broadband spin-wave spectroscopy on kagome artificial spin ices (KASIs) made of large arrays of disconnected Ni81Fe19 400-nm-long nanobars. We observed spin wave spectra that varied characteristically upon the separation between neighboring nanobars. The dipolar coupling within the KASI is analyzed in terms of a configuration-dependent bias field. It varies between about 30 and 40 mT for

The operation speed and the energy-efficiency of magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is largely controlled by Gilbert damping of magnetic layers. The ultrafast laser pulse may offer an opportunity to tune the interfacial spin pumping, which can then control the Gilbert damping. Here, we have investigated the ultrafast laser induced magnetization precession, especially the magnetic damping, of a series

Kagome lattice, made of corner-sharing triangles, provides an excellent platform for hosting exotic topological quantum states. Here, we systematically studied the magnetic and transport properties of RMn6Sn6 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho) with clean Mn kagome lattice. All the compounds have a collinear ferrimagnetic structure with different easy axis at low temperature. The low-temperature magnetoresistance (MR)

One of the advantages of kinetic inductance detectors is their intrinsic frequency domain multiplexing capability. However, fabrication imperfections usually give rise to resonance frequency deviations, which create frequency collision and limit the array yield. Here, we study the resonance frequency deviation of a 4-in. kilo-pixel lumped-element kinetic inductance detector (LEKID) array using optical

The microstructure in fluorite-structure oxide-based ferroelectric thin films, especially when on standard semiconductor manufacturing platforms, is poly-/nano-crystalline, which controls the functionality, performance, and reliability of the device technologies based on them. Understanding the relationships between microstructure, process, and performance for this class of materials has remained challenging

A broadband measurement system is developed to address the issue of temperature dependence of the complex permittivity and conductivity of low-loss substrates in the millimeter-wave bands for fifth/sixth generation wireless communication applications. The developed system can provide broadband material measurements from less than 20 GHz to over 100 GHz over variable temperatures by utilizing higher

Compact autonomous megawatt-power systems based on shock depolarization of ferroelectric materials are capable of producing kiloampere currents and ultrahigh-voltage pulses with amplitudes exceeding 100 kV. Herein, we report the results of experimental investigations of the generation of ultrahigh voltage by poled Pb0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98Nb0.02O3 and Pb0.99(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.98Nb0.01O3 ferroelectrics

At a metal–ferroelectric junction, it has been considered that the electric polarization of the ferroelectric material can affect the electronic structure of the neighboring metal. Here, we demonstrate that the valence state of Pd can be shifted to the unstable high value of 4+ by the electric field of electric polarization in ferroelectric BaTiO3. Study of the absorption fine structure of both hard

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs) are excellent platforms for exciton physics. In tungsten-based 1L-TMDs, the existence of dark excitons at lower energy has important roles for bright exciton relaxation. However, the detailed relaxation dynamics from bright to dark excitons have not been revealed sufficiently. In this paper, we studied the rise dynamics of out-of-plane polarized