Achieving laser-induced periodic surface structures with both excellent regularity and high tunability is a challenging task. In this study, we address this challenge by utilizing a hybrid film structure, comprising an amorphous silicon coating on a copper film, to create periodic structures through a photochemical reaction induced by laser-plasmon interference. Our experiments, corroborated by numerical

In this Letter, we report on a p-Cr2O3/n-Ga2O3 vertical heterojunction diode (HJD) with a kilovolt-level breakdown voltage (BV). The chromium oxide (Cr2O3) film was deposited via magnetron sputtering, with a controlled thickness of approximately 20 nm and a hole concentration of 1 × 1016 cm−3. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of the p-Cr2O3 film reveals a polycrystalline lattice structure

Growth on patterned graphene/Ge provides a route to improve the film quality of large mismatch heteroepitaxy and simultaneously facilitate the transfer of epitaxial films; however, the growth process and its associated technical challenges remain unclear. In this work, the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of CdTe films on micro-scale patterned strip-like graphene/Ge (100), containing selective area

Structural energy storage combines energy storage with structural strength, reducing weight, saving space, and improving efficiency. Among various types, transparent structural energy storage shows strong potential for seamless integration into windows, screens, surfaces, consumer electronics, and automotive applications. Developing new electrode designs with environmentally abundant materials is essential

Enhancement-mode hydrogen-terminated diamond (C-H diamond) field effect transistors (FETs) are strongly desirable for safety protection, energy saving, etc., and low work function gate material is an effective and convenient way to deplete the two-dimensional hole gas and realize the enhancement-mode. In this article, we demonstrate a C-H diamond FET with low work function gadolinia (Gd2O3) gate materials

The family of transition metal dichlorides are recently found to be ferrovalley materials, exhibiting desirable spontaneous valley polarization that is a key to practical applications. In this work, Janus monolayer H-FeClBr is investigated as a case study by performing first-principles calculations. We focus on the giant correlation and many-body and exciton effects that will essentially modulate the

Charge localization is an important phenomenon that influences various material properties, including excited-state energetics, charge transport, catalytic activity, and recombination. As such, it has significant implications for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications. In this Perspective, we begin by addressing the methodological challenges associated with modeling localized charges, highlighting

Magnetic materials featuring topology and flatband in their electronic structure bridge the topological quantum physics and strongly correlated many-body physics, but materials that manifest this feature are rare. Here, we predict a class of ideal intrinsic magnetic topological insulators naturally featuring a nontrivial flatband in the two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb-kagome lattices X2Rb3 (X=Cr, Mo

Based on an effective k·p model, we form breathing Kagome bilayers with two different interlayer antiferroelectric (AFE) couplings, i.e., tail to tail and head to head, to study their magnetic and valley properties. Spin–orbit coupling and magnetic exchange interaction induce valley-layer locking when the bilayer is ferromagnetic, however, spin-layer locking appears for the case of antiferromagnetic

High efficiency and out-of-plane spin–orbit torque (OOP-SOT) driven magnetization switching is essential for developing spin-based memory and logic devices. In this study, we report the generation of a large charge-to-spin conversion and bidirectional OOP-SOT by engineering a vertical magnetization gradient within a Co/Ho multilayer system. Exploiting the antiferromagnetic coupling between Co and Ho

The planar Hall effect (PHE) offers notable advantages in spintronic applications, particularly because of its high signal-to-noise ratio and minimal thermal drift. In this study, we present a tunable PHE in MnGe (111)/Si (111) thin films. Typically, PHE demonstrates π-periodicity as the magnetic field rotates within the plane. Interestingly, we observed that in MnGe thin films, both π- and π/2-periodicities

We demonstrate the unidirectional propagation of structure-induced edge waves in a thin plate. These waves, termed designer flexural edge waves (DFEWs), are observed along the free edge of a thin plate featuring periodically corrugated rectangular grooves. These DFEWs can be activated unidirectionally using either a pair of point sources exhibiting phase differences or a “chiral” source characterized

The metal–semiconductor contact resistivity has become a severe challenge for three-dimensional (3D) integration. In this work, starting from the physical origin, we propose that the charge redistribution is an effective strategy for decreasing Schottky barrier height (SBH), subsequently leading to a reduction in contact resistivity. Guided by this perspective, first-principles calculations are utilized

Further unleashing the full potential of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO), a premier high-temperature superconductor, for devices in advanced communication technologies hinges on the refinement of its fabrication process. In this work, a synchrotron three-dimension reciprocal space mapping (3D-RSM) technique, which offers a larger Q-space range and higher spatial resolution, was developed and used to analyze YBCO

The aim of this Perspective is to provide an in-depth discussion of a certain class of 2D ferroelectrics that feature a van der Waals gap where more than one polar phase can exist energetically close to the ground state. Polar phases of interest can include different ferroelectric, antiferroelectric, and paraelectric phases, which can be transformed into each other through external stimuli, offering

Lasing from HgCdTe microdisk cavities is demonstrated at wavelengths as long as 20–25 μm. The optical threshold and operation temperature are mainly limited by nonradiative Shockley–Read–Hall type recombination. The employed ion etching technology appears to introduce additional defects in the vicinity of the microdisks, degrading figures of merit as the height of the cavity increases. However, a watt-level

The experimentally observed 2D magnets have unlocked the possibility of realizing a stable long-range order in the low-dimensional limit, which also gives a boost to the family of 1D magnets. Recently, a family of Fe-based nanowires has been observed in high-throughput transition metal chalcogenides synthesized by chemical vapor deposition [Zhou et al., Nat. Mater. 22, 450–458 (2023)]. In this work

InGaN-based pin-type visible light photodetectors (PDs), exhibiting enormous advantages of fast photoresponse speed and low noise, have drawn tremendous interest in visible light communication (VLC) applications. However, the insufficient light absorption capacity and low photoelectric conversion efficiency of InGaN-based pin heterojunction hinder the realization of high-sensitivity PDs for achieving

To enhance the efficiency and performance of p-type GaN-based power devices (diode, MOSFET) and p-channel transistors (p-FET), forming an Ohmic contact with low specific contact resistance (ρc) at p-GaN can be an effective way. However, the specific contact resistance values of p-GaN remain limited to the range of mid-10−2Ω cm2 due to the low activation ratio of Mg dopants and high work function. Here

The controllability of the spectral width and intensity of long-wave infrared (LWIR) emission is essential for various applications, including optical stealth, infrared radiation sources, and infrared lasers. Here, we proposed a multifunctional LWIR metasurface emitter with a switchable radiation state, which consists of germanium (Ge) rectangular pair resonators placed on a vanadium oxide (VO2) film

Cu-doped ZnO:Cu/ZnO heterojunctions were fabricated via a three-step laser-induced doping technique. This study systematically investigated the electrical properties, microstructure, elemental valence states, and energy-band alignment of these heterojunctions through multiple analytical techniques. Current–voltage measurements revealed an asymmetric, nonlinear behavior due to the depletion region at

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) exhibits multiple insulating states and complex transitions, both among these states and to a metallic rutile (R) phase. In this study, we investigate freestanding VO2 microbeams that undergo reversible transitions from an insulating triclinic (T) phase to an insulating monoclinic (M2) phase, followed by a transition to the R phase. The latent heat changes associated with these

Cesium lead bromide perovskites have demonstrated enormous potential in detecting applications, benefitting from their excellent optoelectronic properties and environmental stability. However, their intrinsic properties of photoluminescence intensity and carrier lifetime, key to photodetector performance, are still limited with conventional approaches (e.g., material purification and defect passivation)

In this work, we developed a computational framework that integrates first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations with Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm to search for the most stable configuration of high-entropy (HE) MXenes. This framework can predict the minimum energy configurations of HE MXenes with interlayer segregation. For instance, DFT/MC simulation indicates that (Ti0.5Cr0.5)4C3

This article introduces a memristor-coupled oscillatory network utilizing niobium dioxide (NbO2) memristors and a biomimetic spider web structure. It focuses on the dynamic behaviors of single oscillators and small-scale networks within this unique system, particularly emphasizing voltage, current, and frequency characteristics. By strategically applying step voltage signals on a 1 + 3 node single-layer

We report on the fabrication and characterization of p–n diodes made from wide bandgap II-VI semiconductors (p-ZnTe/n-CdTe) containing nano-inclusions of narrow bandgap material (PbTe). The diodes are fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy on semi-insulating GaAs (100) substrates. The PbTe nano-inclusions are formed either as a single layer of PbTe with a thickness of 350 nm or as multilayers built from

Cavity coupled flopping-mode spin qubit is considered as a promising scheme for enabling long-range qubit interactions in large-scale semiconductor quantum computation. In this work, we fabricate a linear Si/SiGe triple quantum dot (TQD) array coupled with a high-impedance TiN coplanar waveguide cavity via the gate of outer quantum dot. By utilizing two adjacent dots within the TQD, we sequentially

The inverse spinel oxide NiCo2O4, known for its high Curie temperature, low resistivity, and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, is a promising candidate for the development of next-generation spintronic devices. However, reducing the thickness of the NiCo2O4 film to a few atomic layers degrades its room temperature magnetic and electrical properties, limiting its practical application. In this study

Open stopband (OSB) mitigation techniques are commonly used to improve the far-field radiating properties of leaky-wave antennas based on periodic structures. Recently, leaky waves have been proposed to focus energy in the near field through Bessel beams. However, the focusing character of Bessel beams is notably limited to a maximum distance known as the nondiffractive range. In this work, an OSB

Fourier ptychography (FP) is widely adopted for label-free, high-resolution quantitative phase imaging (QPI) of biological samples. However, its imaging speed is limited by the need for multiple acquisitions. In this work, we propose a single-shot FP technique that uses linear polarizers to encode multiple illumination wavevectors and a polarization camera to capture multiple sets of information simultaneously

The ultra-high piezoelectric activity of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN)-based single crystals with excellent electromechanical coupling characteristics has attracted great interest. However, the growth of KNN-based single crystals is restricted by their high melting point and harsh equipment conditions. In this work, a large-sized single crystal of (K0.5Na0.5)0.994Bi0.006Nb0.998Cu0.004O3 (KNNBC) was grown using

This paper presents a comprehensive study of silicon germanium (SiGe) cladded channels for stacked nanowires (NWs), focusing on morphological control and strain engineering to enhance device performance. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the Si NWs and SiGe cladding morphology. The results demonstrate that the morphology of SiGe cladding can be controlled

In this study, we propose black phosphorene (BP) for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of DNA nucleotides. BP-enhanced Raman spectroscopy provides superior enhancement compared to other 2D materials, such as graphene and molybdenum disulfide, for biomolecular detection. We show that BP significantly amplifies the Raman signals of DNA nucleotides, enabling more sensitive and accurate detection of

Photovoltaic (PV) neuromorphic devices with photocurrents under illumination as readouts have gained increasing attention due to their ultralow latency and excellent energy efficiency during reading process. However, they face significant challenges in processing temporal data because of the lack of inherent temporal dynamics, limiting their application in reservoir computing (RC) systems. Here, we

CsPbBr3 single crystal is a promising candidate for room temperature radiation detector. However, the experimental mobilities reported exhibit considerable discrepancy, ranging widely from 10 to 4500 cm2/(V · s) at room temperature. Here, vertical Bridgman grown CsPbBr3 single crystal has been used to measure the mobility accurately using pulse-biased time-of-flight method. The hole mobility for CsPbBr3

During the grain boundary diffusion (GBD) of Tb, the core–shell and reverse core–shell structures are the two main microstructures influencing the magnetic properties of the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets. These two microstructures are all composed of the (Nd, Tb)2Fe14B phase, but the formation mechanisms are different. The difference in formation mechanism of the core–shell and reverse core–shell structures

Superconducting microwave resonators are critical to quantum computing and sensing technologies. Additionally, they are common proxies for superconducting qubits when determining the effects of performance-limiting loss mechanisms such as from two-level systems (TLSs). The extraction of these loss mechanisms is often performed by measuring the internal quality factor Qi as a function of power or temperature

This study explores the impact of constant forward electrical stress on beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) from the prospective of defect evolution. Prolonged stress significantly increased the reverse leakage current density (JR) and forward current density (JF) under small bias and decreased the turn-on voltage (Von). Temperature-dependent current-voltage (I-V-T) analysis

Weyl semimetals have emerged as a hot topic in condensed matter physics in last decade. Beyond their intriguing electrical transport phenomena, such as the negative magnetoresistance driven by the chiral anomaly and the anomalous Hall effect, they also exhibit intriguing second-order optoelectronic responses, such as the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE). In this Letter, we investigate the CPGE

Artificial synapse is a key element of future brain-inspired neuromorphic computing systems implemented in hardware. This work presents a graphene synaptic transistor based on all-technology-compatible materials that exhibits highly tunable biorealistic behavior. It is shown that the device geometry and interface properties can be designed to maximize the memory window and minimize power consumption

At sub-Kelvin temperatures, two-level systems (TLSs) present in amorphous dielectrics source a permittivity noise, degrading the performance of a wide range of devices using superconductive resonators such as qubits or kinetic inductance detectors. We report here on measurements of TLS noise in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in superconductive

We theoretically study the spin wave (SW) band structures in antiferromagnetic magnonic crystals formed by applying periodically modulated magnetic fields. We find that when the magnetic field is symmetric, the SW bands with different polarization are degenerate. However, if we consider an asymmetric magnetic field, the degeneracy of the SW bands is lifted due to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry

Spin–orbit torque (SOT) switching is a promising candidate mechanism to be applied in the spintronic devices. Here, we report the SOT switching in the [Co/Ni] × n multilayers with maze domain structures. The experimental results show that the SOT switching efficiency strongly depends on the magnetic structure of the ferromagnet (FM) layer. With the increase in cycle number of [Co/Ni] × n multilayers

Carbon allotropes continue to captivate research interest due to their structural diversity and remarkable properties. While diamond-like carbon structures have been extensively studied, bulk graphite-like, layer-structured allotropes remain relatively unexplored and experimentally elusive. Here, we proposed a hitherto unknown layered carbon structure, designated as pop-graphite, synthesizable from

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels have received a lot of attention due to their superior biocompatibility and versatile applications. However, the fabrication of structurally complex hydrogels at high resolutions (<100 μm) remains challenging, mainly due to limitations in traditional methods such as casting and extrusion-based 3D printing. This work proposes sol-gel electrohydrodynamic direct

Drop impact on non-wetting surfaces has garnered significant interest due to its potential applications in water repellency, drag reduction, self-cleaning, and anti-icing. However, there are instances where a droplet fails to rebound from a superhydrophobic surface. It has been reported that the combined effect of gravito-capillary length and visco-capillary length determines the pinning–bouncing criteria

Circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architecture enables long-range qubit coupling and nondemolition readout, with a key requirement of a small resonator photon leakage rate, κ. Several types of low-pass on-chip LC filter designs have been proposed to mitigate κ. However, the non-flat frequency response in the passband introduces waveform distortion, which may degrade qubit performance. In this

Point defect engineering has emerged as a key strategy to pursue efficient microwave absorption (MA) by effectively balancing impedance matching and polarization loss. Nevertheless, the detailed interplay between the temperature-driven dielectric relaxation characteristics and the absorption dissipation mechanisms remains an area that requires deeper exploration. Here, (La0.5Nb0.5)xTi1-xO2/polyetherimide

We describe the short-term frequency stability characterization of external-cavity diode lasers stabilized onto the 6S1/2−7P1/2 transition of Cs atoms at 459 nm, using a microfabricated vapor cell. The laser beatnote between two nearly identical systems, each using saturated absorption spectroscopy in a simple retroreflected configuration, exhibits an instability of 2.5 × 10−13 at 1 s, consistent with

We introduce a data-driven measurement and sensing paradigm that capitalizes on the limited sensing capabilities of probabilistic bits (p-bits). Unlike traditional methods that rely on the high quality of individual devices, our approach achieves high precision through the extensive data collected from a large ensemble of p-bits. We demonstrate the feasibility of using magnetic tunnel junction-based

Light–matter interactions are of fundamental scientific and technological interest. Ultrafast electron microscopy and diffraction with combined femtosecond-nanometer resolution elucidate the laser-induced dynamics in structurally heterogeneous systems. These measurements, however, remain challenging due to the brightness limitation of pulsed electron sources, leading to an experimental trade-off between

We report the multiplication properties of Al0.85Ga0.15As0.07Sb0.93 for use in separate absorption charge and multiplication avalanche photodiode lattice matched to a GaSb substrate. The demonstration of a high gain, low excess noise multiplier lattice matched to GaSb is a critical step toward high performance avalanche photodiodes operating at wavelengths exceeding 2 μm. We have measured impact ionization

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials with high spin polarization and controllable magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) are critical for advancing spintronic technologies. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that monolayer Cr2Te2 exhibits intrinsic dynamic/thermal stability, half-metallicity, and robust ferromagnetic ordering. The Curie temperature (Tc) can be elevated from 90 to 190

Two types of hot-carrier photocatalysts (HCPCs) based on quantum well and quantum dot energy-selective contacts (ESCs) have been proposed. The transport equations for both types of devices are derived using the ballistic transport theory. The electrocatalytic behavior of reaction sites in water splitting is modeled by using the Butler–Volmer equation. The impacts of the ESC parameters, including the

Te-based materials exhibit outstanding thermoelectric performance at room temperature, promising candidates for the fabrication of the wearable electronic devices and chip-sensor of internet-of-things. In this work, a combination of magnetron co-sputtering and post-tellurization methods was used to prepare In doped Sb2Te3 thin films. A high carrier concentration is ascribed to the increase in the density

Herein, we report a thick-AlN-barrier (TAB) based AlN/GaN RF HEMT with remarkable power performance at low voltage for sub-6G applications. Featuring a 7 nm AlN barrier layer and the regrown n+-GaN Ohmic contacts, the device shows low sheet and contact resistances, leading to 1.6-A/mm output current, 3-V knee voltage, and consequent 75% power-added efficiency (PAE) and 1.3-W/mm output power density

The presence of a macroscopic interface between ceramic insulators and vacuum inevitably leads to multipactor under high electric fields, which is a significant threat to various electronic and electrical devices, as it is typically regarded as a precursor to electrical breakdown. In this study, we report a strategy using functionally graded lattice structures (FGLS) to manipulate the multipactor of

We investigate the orbital torque generated in ferromagnetic (FM)/manganese (Mn) bilayer systems based on angular-dependent spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) experiments. From the ST-FMR results, it is found that a relatively large out-of-plane anti-damping torque can be obtained in Ni/Mn bilayers. The Gilbert damping constant, derived from the resonant linewidth of frequency-dependent ST-FMR

The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of monolayer MoS2 is limited by weak optical absorption due to its atomic scale thickness. To enhance PL intensity, field enhancement techniques, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metal nanoparticles, are often employed. However, SPR-induced light confinement at the nanoscale also leads to significant localized heating. In this study, we investigated the

Although the performance of BiFeO3 (BFO) films has been extensively and deeply studied, further exploration is still needed to understand the correlation between a ferroelectric single domain and high performance in BFO single crystals. Therefore, we conduct the biased in situ transmission electron microscopy experiments on the electrical transport properties of BFO single crystals with single domains