There are a wide range of applications with ionizing radiation and a common theme throughout these is that accurate dosimetry is usually required, although many newer demands are provided by improved features in higher range, multi-spectral and particle type detected. Today, the array of dosimeters includes both offline and online tools, such as gel dosimeters, thermoluminescence (TL), scintillators

Controlling the manner of band alignment of heterostructures increases design freedom with novel physical properties, enables the design of new functional devices, and improves device performance, but the lattice matching limits the diversity of traditional heterostructures. Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) fabricated by rationally mechanical restacking different two-dimensional (2D) layered

Multicolor organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has garnered wide research attention due to the long luminescence lifetime and tunable excited state properties, which show great potential in displays, anticounterfeiting, data encryption, and sensing. However, because of the sensitivity of triplet excitons of organic materials, the triplet emitting level of organic compounds is hard to manipulate

To develop efficient and durable acidic oxygen–reduction–reaction (ORR) catalysts based on all platinum group metals (PGMs) is crucial for large-scale application of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) but challenging. Here, we report a nitrogen coordination-induced strong metal–support interaction that can tune the surface atoms of ORR-inactive PGM clusters into efficient and durable active

Metasurfaces substituted for naturally occurring materials make it possible to develop flat optics manipulating terahertz waves. However, the control of unprecedented material properties with metasurfaces frequently produces anisotropic material properties and has yet to be commonly adopted because of the limitation of functionalities as optical components. Here, we demonstrate an isotropic metasurface

We present an experimental study of optical time-refraction caused by time-interfaces as short as a single optical cycle. Specifically, we study the propagation of a probe pulse through a sample undergoing a large refractive index change induced by an intense modulator pulse. In these systems, increasing the refractive index abruptly leads to time-refraction where the spectrum of all the waves propagating

Emerging 3D photonic circuits would greatly benefit from the ability to integrate skimming waveguides with low loss and controllable inscription depth into photonic circuits. These waveguides allow for the interaction of guiding light directly with external modulation signals and enable programmable photonic circuits. Here, we report the fabrication of a novel photonic-lattice-like skimming waveguide

We perform the precise measurement of the 6s6p3P2-6s7s3S1 transition frequencies of the neutral ytterbium (Yb) atoms by using the modulation transfer spectroscopy. High-resolution dispersive signals of all isotopes except low-abundance 168Yb (F = 2-F = 1) and 171Yb (F = 5/2-F = 3/2) are obtained. The frequencies of locked laser are measured using an optical comb, and the obtained results are traced

We investigate the nonequilibrium electronic structure of 1T-TaS2 by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We observe that strong photoexcitation induces the collapse of the Mott gap, leading to the photo-induced metallic phase. It is also found that the oscillation of photoemission intensity occurs as a result of the excitations of coherent phonons corresponding to the amplitude mode

We report a topology-transformable resonator with two distinct stable states, one kinematically determinate and endowed with nearly rigid-body motion at low-frequencies, and the other accompanied by a floppy pseudo zero-energy mode capable of showing low-frequency local resonance. Through a combination of numerical simulations and experiments, we unveil the role of contact-induced topological transformation

We theoretically report four photocatalyst candidates, namely, Sc2COS, Sc2CSO, Sc2COSe, and Sc2CSeO. A mirror asymmetry atom structure endows Sc2COS with the largest intrinsic built-in electric field (EF) of 7.53 × 109 V/m among these monolayers, facilitating the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Sc2CSO and Sc2CSeO with smaller EF are half-reaction water splitting photocatalysts, performing

Dynamic metasurface control is a promising yet challenging prospect for next generation optical components. Here, we design and characterize a thermally controllable metasurface lens, with a high-quality-factor (high-Q) resonance working as both the basis of the lensing behavior and method for efficient modulation. Our high-Q lens is constructed via a zone plate architecture comprised of alternating

There are still challenges in the precise control of microwave energy for the industrial production, one of which is the effective inhibition of microwave hotspots or thermal runaway during microwave radiation, which has become a long-standing problem for improving heating uniformity and further expanding applications. Nevertheless, the evolution process and the underlying mechanism of microwave hotspots

We propose a protocol for compact and efficient synthesis of a random vectorial source with a higher-order Poincaré (HOP) polarization state encoded into the spatial coherence structure. The procedure is based on the complex-random-mode representation of the cross-spectral density matrix and employs a single phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) and a common path interferometric system for the mode

A potential weakness of topological waveguides is that they act on a fixed narrow band of frequencies. However, by 3D printing samples from a photo-responsive polymer, we can obtain a device whose operating frequency can be fine-tuned dynamically using laser excitation. This greatly enhances existing static tunability strategies, typically based on modifying the geometry. We use a version of the classical

Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are expected to be an alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the lower cost and immanent safety of Mg. Presently, the major difficulty in breaking through MIBs technology is the lack of desirable anode materials. Based on first-principles calculations, we predict a two-dimensional material named the Be2B monolayer as an excellent anode material. The structural stability

The effect of vacuum level on laser induced white emission (LIWE) of graphene foam is investigated. The results are compared with the electric incandescence of tungsten wire. The increase in pressure inside the dynamic vacuum chamber reduces the emission intensity of LIWE and has no effect on the emission of the electrically driven tungsten wire. The same dependency was observed in the case of field

Germanium diselenide (GeSe2) nanobelts are synthesized by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition under low temperature by using Se and Ge powders as precursor materials in a quartz tube furnace with double heating zones. The GeSe2 nanobelts thus prepared exhibit growth directionality. Unidirectional nanobelt clusters are tightly spaced and shaped as rectangular nanobelt arrays. Additionally

The aim of research on neuromorphic computing is exploring artificial neuron and synaptic devices with high performance. In this context, two-dimensional (2D) materials have received broad attention due to their advantages of low power consumption and high electrostatic controllability. Here, we demonstrated an artificial synaptic transistor based on the 2D SnS2/T-layer van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure

There is a pressing global need to increase the use of renewable energy sources and limit greenhouse gas emissions. Towards this goal, highly efficient and molecularly selective chemical processes that operate under mild conditions are critical. Plasmonic photocatalysis uses optically-resonant metallic nanoparticles and their resulting plasmonic, electronic, and phononic light-matter interactions to

Impurity-vacancy centers in diamond offer a new class of robust photon sources with versatile quantum properties. While individual color centers commonly act as single-photon sources, their ensembles have been theoretically predicted to have tunable photon-emission statistics. Importantly, the particular type of excitation affects the emission properties of a color center ensemble within a diamond

A nonlinear phase shift of low-power spin waves (SWs) induced by a high-power pumping SW excited both inside and outside the magnonic band-gaps of a magnonic crystal has been studied. The magnonic crystal with spatially periodic thickness is fabricated from an yttrium iron garnet film by chemical etching. The results show that the phase shift of the low-power SWs can be effectively controlled by variation

In the context of continued spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of new variants, the demand for rapid, accurate, and frequent detection is increasing. Moreover, the new predominant strain, Omicron variant, manifests more similar clinical features to those of other common respiratory infections. The concurrent detection of multiple potential pathogens

The electron beam, during high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, was employed to induce a phase transition in La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.5 (LSC) from a brownmillerite ordering to an oxygen deficient perovskite structure. Prior to irradiation, a strongly alternating out-of-plane lattice parameter was observed, reflecting electrostatic interactions between AO and BO/BO2 planes in the brownmillerite ordering

We report on the low-frequency electronic noise in β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 Schottky barrier diodes. The noise spectral density reveals 1/f dependence, characteristic of the flicker noise, with superimposed Lorentzian bulges at the intermediate current levels (f is the frequency). The normalized noise spectral density in such diodes was determined to be on the order of 10−12 cm2/Hz (f = 10 Hz) at 1 A/cm2 current

Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a powerful technique for obtaining local thermal information on a sample surface using a nano-fabricated thermometer probe. One important application of SThM is sub-wavelength optical imaging, which captures the photothermal response of the probe to light. In this nano-scale imaging technique, optical contrast and spatial resolution are critical performance indicators

The substitution of Bi by rare-earth ions is one of the common approaches for improving the electrical, magnetic, and multiferroic properties of the most studied multiferroic material BiFeO3. In this work, Bi1−xTbxFeO3 compounds with x = 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3 were synthesized using a two-step process: standard solid-state synthesis and high-pressure annealing. The obtained samples were studied by means

Ca9Zn4.5Sb9 Zintl compound is one of the promising thermoelectric materials with excellent performance, which can be further improved by Eu alloying. In this work, a series of Ca9−yEuyZn4.5+δSb9 compounds is investigated by using the advanced Cs-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM) imaging technique at an atomic level. The HAADF-STEM images

Despite growing interest in polymers under extreme conditions, most atomistic molecular dynamics simulations cannot describe the bond scission events underlying failure modes in polymer networks undergoing large strains. In this work, we propose a physics-based machine learning approach that can detect and perform bond breaking with near quantum-chemical accuracy on-the-fly in atomistic simulations

MXenes are a class of two-dimensional materials with potential applications in the fields such as thermal management and high-temperature materials. In this study, the transitions of Ti3C2Tx MXene are investigated during thermal annealing via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. The thermal evolution of MXene samples occurs as two distinct processes in different

Lead iodide (PbI2) has gained much interest due to its direct electronic gap in the visible range and layered crystal structure. It has thereby been considered as a promising material for applications in atomically thin optoelectronic devices. In this work, we present a detailed investigation of the effect of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) that arises from the presence of heavy atoms on the electronic and

This Letter reports a millimeter-wave low-loss on-chip metamaterial based on a concept of a non-periodic composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL). Compared with a classic periodic unit cell, a non-periodic CRLH TL is proposed to obtain higher transmittance and better reflectivity. First, based on the CRLH TL theory, the LC values of the periodic transmission line were calculated.

We report on the use of a kinetic-inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier (KITWPA) as the first amplifier in the readout chain of a microwave superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexer (μmux). This μmux is designed to multiplex signals from arrays of low temperature detectors, such as superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters. When modulated with a periodic

Performing ab initio calculations, we investigate electronic and magnetic properties of a silicon allotrope (PH-silicene) composed entirely by six silicon pentagons and two silicon hexagons. The dynamically and mechanically stable PH-silicene hosts two-dimensional honeycomb spin structures, which can be antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic depending on the applied tensile strain and/or

We study the carrier dynamics for c-plane InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with various emission wavelengths near the green gap using a small-signal electroluminescence method. The LEDs were grown by Lumileds using state-of-the-art growth conditions. Radiative and non-radiative recombination rates are numerically separated, and the carrier recombination lifetime and carrier density are obtained

Broad area lasers operating at high power with improved beam quality are needed in many applications. In typical high-power diode lasers with asymmetric facet coating, it is observed that the carrier density fails to completely pin above threshold with significant levels of lateral carrier accumulation (LCA) at the front facet stripe edges. Systematic experimental data are presented to quantify such

Polarization-induced carriers play an important role in achieving high electrical conductivity in ultrawide bandgap semiconductor AlGaN, which is essential for various applications ranging from radio frequency and power electronics to deep UV photonics. Despite significant scientific and technological interest, studies on polarization-induced carriers in N-polar AlGaN are rare. We report the observation

An accurate method to extract the thermal resistance (RTH) of GaN-on-Si high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is proposed. It is shown that by pulsing the substrate, instead of drain or gate as done in the existing methods, one can significantly reduce the effect of traps on the extraction process. To demonstrate this, HEMTs are fabricated on two wafers, similar in all respects except that one

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) has increasing importance in the building of robust high-performance and generalizable materials property prediction models. It can also be used in active learning to train better models by focusing on gathering new training data from uncertain regions. There are several categories of UQ methods, each considering different types of uncertainty sources. Here, we conduct

Flexible and wearable acoustic wave technology has recently attracted tremendous attention due to their wide-range applications in wearable electronics, sensing, acoustofluidics, and lab-on-a-chip, attributed to its advantages such as low power consumption, small size, easy fabrication, and passive/wireless capabilities. Great effort has recently been made in technology development, fabrication, and

Volatile organic compounds detection technology, electronic nose, is promising in various applications such as health management, environmental monitoring, public safety, agriculture, and food production. The critical point of electronic nose to achieve good recognition ability, the fundament for applications, is the generation of high-quality signal characteristics that are transduced from each sensor

We demonstrate an ion-implanted triple-zone junction termination extension (JTE) for vertical GaN p-n diodes. Due to the spatial distribution of fixed charge in the triple-zone JTE structure, the peak electric fields at the contact metal edge and at the edge of the JTE are significantly reduced compared to conventional approaches. The forward and reverse characteristics of diodes with conventional

A single acoustic metamaterial with multifunctional use is highly needed for various applications. Herein, a bifunctional acoustic metamaterial for beam switching between the focusing beam and bottle beam is demonstrated, which consists of a groove structure for binary phases and a partitioned piezoelectric transducer (p-PZT) for incident wavefront modulation. The p-PZT is divided into inner and outer

In this Letter, we consider the dynamics of a multi-stable metamaterial with an elastic substrate to realize a mechanical system within which the position of a transition wavefront can be precisely controlled and remotely determined. This ability is enabled, in part, by a (strain-)tunable potential energy landscape that conveys the wavefront from one stabilizing defect site to another. In separating

Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) are promising energy storage devices in the future due to their high theoretical energy density and enhanced safety. However, the practical energy density of SSLBs is severely constrained by the limited mass loading of cathode materials, which is related to sluggish charge transfer inside the thick cathodes. In this work, the solid-state batteries with high-mass-loading

The increasing demand for polymer dielectrics in different scenarios, such as electrical insulation cable, requires elevated electrical and mechanical properties. In order to understand the relationship between mechanical properties and the structure of grafted monomers in a grafted polypropylene (PP) system, a design framework based on the transfer-learning method has been proposed for designing grafted

We investigate the effect of temperature on the thermal magnetic noise signal of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) systems as models for non-interacting macrospins. An analytical expression for the amplitude of the fluctuations in a magnetic field is derived for the Brownian and the Néel fluctuation mechanisms and compared with numerical results at different temperatures. To experimentally validate our findings

In this work, we take fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (f-STIRAP) for the design of functional acoustic waveguide (WG) coupler into account. Assisted by the agreement in the form between Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics and the coupled-mode equation of classical waves, the quantum three-level system is mapped onto the acoustic three-WG system with space-varying coupling actions

A special wake-up effect from antiferroelectric-like to ferroelectric (AFE-FE) characteristics in HfxZr1−xO2 thin films has been discussed intensively in terms of endurance performance enhancement. However, its physical origin and general impact on endurance remain unclear. In this work, the influence of various process parameters on the AFE-FE wake-up effect as well as on endurance performance and

Disordered hyperuniform (DHU) states are recently discovered exotic states of condensed matter. DHU systems are similar to liquids or glasses in that they are statistically isotropic and lack conventional long-range translational and orientational order. On the other hand, they completely suppress normalized infinite-wavelength density fluctuations like crystals and, in this sense, possess a hidden

Over the past decade, extensive efforts have been made in the study of droplet impact, especially on stationary surfaces, owing to its direct applications in thermal cooling, self-cleaning, and power generation. However, many practical applications, such as ultrasonic cleaning, aerosolized drug delivery, and vibration-assisted welding, involve the direct interaction of droplets with vibrating surfaces

We numerically and experimentally report the acoustic analogue of the super-Klein tunneling in a heterojunction of phononic crystals formed with Willis scatterers that exhibit pseudospin-1 Dirac cones. By comparing with the pseudospin-1/2 Dirac cones, pseudospin-1 ones require in the band structure an additional flatband across the Dirac points. The conventional Klein tunneling, which is predicted