Holographic data storage (HDS) based on a computer-generated hologram (CGH) technique has been proposed as a promising approach to realize an in-line and simple HDS system. This work focuses on multiplexed recording for CGH-based HDS, and the approach based on the reference wave correlation is introduced to the HDS. For the proposed method, the processes for a CGH design are modified to generate reference

Bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) offers complete description of the visual appearance properties of materials including the spectral and spatial characteristics. Numerous studies on BRDF have been performed for its important role in computer graphics, remote sensing, object characteristics analysis, and other fields. A few of these studies focus on the spectral polarized BRDF

In this paper, we focus on dynamic lightpath provisioning in translucent spectrally spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) created with a combination of both spectral (EON) and spatial (SDM) flexibility. We utilize the distance-adaptive transmission (DAT) in order to select a modulation for request and routing path in a flexible manner. Moreover, we assume that the signal regeneration is realized

In general, as people age the functions of their sensory organs deteriorate. For example, in the eye of an elderly person, the visual field becomes dark owing to a decrease in the amount of light reaching the retina. Moreover, objects appear blurred due to a decrease in contrast sensitivity. In particular, the contrast sensitivity decreases remarkably as the spatial frequency increases. In this study

A novel method for analyzing a rotating target by an orthogonal-beam Doppler velocity measurement system on the basis of a single laser diode is presented. Using the method of fast Fourier transform after smoothing filter, we can obtain two groups of Doppler frequency shifts in the spectrum to calculate the velocity of a rotating target. A theoretical analysis and an experimental setup have been implemented

High-dynamic range image reproduction using tone-mapping algorithms are used for image processing to reduce the dynamic range of a real scene to be displayed on low-dynamic range devices. General tone-mapping methods are associated with the determination of local parameters for tone compression and the halo artifact connected to detail enhancements. This paper proposes a lightness-preserved tone-mapping

We present a polarization-manipulated multispectral perfect absorber based on a 2D metal/insulator/metal nanocavity array, in which a periodic structure of stacked Au–Al2O3 elliptical nanodisk is deposited on a bulk flat Au substrate. Theoretical analysis of the electromagnetic property showed that both the dipolar plasmon resonance and the plasmon cavity mode are the physical origins of the near-perfect

Application-centric networking proposes a novel approach to provision connectivity services in transport networks based on application-specific requirements. By exploiting this paradigm, an application can request a service with several requirements to a generic control and management plane, which can leverage this information to differentiate a service on the overall network layers. However, an application-centric

To achieve quick-response Electrowetting displays with an accurate gray level performance for image applications, oil-splitting is an important issue which needs to be optimized. The study found that oil patterns affect the pixel aperture ratio. This paper proposes a novel driving waveform that can suppress an oil-splitting phenomenon without affecting the refresh rate. The experimental results show

In order to understand the physical meaning of the best-fitting sphere of aspheric surface, based on the optical design idea of the aberration theory, the relationship between the curvature radius of the best-fitting sphere and the spherical aberration for the full aperture aspheric surface is set. The result is consistent with the traditional calculation method, which gets mainly from the geometric

In this paper, we concentrate on the comparison of different switching policies, as well as their corresponding spatially-spectrally flexible super-channel transmission technologies, in static SDM-EONs. These switching policies are different due to their different spatial switching granularities and/or whether the space lane change (SLC) is supported. According to our simulation results, the switching

In this paper, a novel phase demodulation method for multiple self-mixing interferometry (MSMI) is proposed, which can improve the resolution and accuracy of vibration measurement in laser self-mixing interferometry (SMI). The sinusoidal phase modulation of the beam is obtained by an electro-optic modulator (EOM), and phase demodulation is performed by a lock-in amplifier analysis method. The phase

Scattering problem by one cylinder whose radius is comparable to incident wavelength can be solved by Mie theorem. Due to complicated multiple scattering, scattering characteristics by two adjacent cylinders cannot be easily expounded. In this paper, high-accuracy non-standard finite-difference time domain (NS-FDTD) method is utilized to simulate electromagnetic field scattered by two nano-sized circular

We propose two mid-infrared photonic crystal fibers with an elliptical As2S3 core and a dual-cladding structure with high birefringence and high nonlinearity. The cladding filling material is silica and the core material is As2S3. The full vector finite-element method is used to study the birefringence, and nonlinear coefficient of the structure in the 3–5 μm band. The Simulation results show that

A novel method of gas concentration calibration for tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, in which spectral analysis and harmonic signal intensity ratio measurement are combined, is proposed in this study. A harmonic signal is extracted from a transmitted light intensity by spectral analysis. The ratio of the second harmonic to the first harmonic is proportional to the gas concentration. The

Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) is a high-speed data transmission technology promising to support the concept of the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT). The performance of UOWC-based IoUT networks, especially medium access control (MAC), could be affected significantly by physical factors in the underwater environment. However, there is a lack of studies on the MAC performance analysis

In this study, we evaluate the operation of the Converting-Space-Converting switching fabric architecture. The investigated switching fabric is suitable for all kinds of slot-operating switches, no matters the slots are wavelengths, time, or others. The switching fabric is evaluated in terms of the number of slots in the interstage links and the blocking probability. In the evaluation process, we used

The rise of emerging services has brought a rapid growth in bulk data transfers across inter-datacenter (DC) wide area networks (WANs). To accommodate the demands of such services, DC storage is introduced into the data-plane path so that delay-tolerant bulk data can be temporarily stored and forwarded (SnF) when network is less busy. However, the use of storage transforms a conventional routing problem

Elastic optical network has recently been deemed as a promising infrastructure to support the ever-increasing bandwidth demand of emerging applications, due to its high transmission rate, fine-grained and flexible spectrum allocation. With the explosive growth of traffic, optimizing energy and spectrum efficiency has become a critical issue for green elastic optical networks, which is closely related

This paper presents five approaches to solve the problem of finding the optimal backup resource assignment which maximizes the survival probability of network functions of middleboxes. In the previous work, no mathematical model to solve this problem is provided, so we formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem as the first approach. Formulating this MILP problem includes

One of the newest technologies to qualify transmission capacity of optical backbone networks is Space Division Multiplexing with Elastic Optical Networks (SDM-EONs). SDM-EON has the feasibility to add flexibility to Wavelength division Multiplexing (WDM) networks. In SDM-EON, connections can be setup more efficiently than WDM networks and EON without SDM. There are challenging issues in SDM-EON as

Emerging applications such as remotely-controlled human-to-machine and tactile-haptic applications in the Internet evolution demand stringent low-latency transmission. In realising these applications, current communication networks need to reduce their latency towards a millisecond order. In our previous study, we exploited supervised learning-based machine learning techniques in analysing and optimising

This paper presents a digital three dimensional reconstruction method based on a set of small-baseline elemental images captured with a micro-lens array and a CCD sensor. In this paper, we adopt the ASIFT (Affine Scale-invariant feature transform) operator as the image registration method. Among the set of captured elemental images, the elemental image located in the middle of the overall image field

The human visual system undergoes continuous anatomical, physiological and functional changes throughout the life span. There is also continuous change in the spectral distribution and intensity of light reaching the retina from infancy through senescence, primarily due to changes in the absorption of short-wave light by the lens. Despite these changes in the retinal stimulus and the signals leaving