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Welcome to the June 2022 issue of IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine (GRSM)! Our theme for this issue is “Building Upon a Legacy of Remote Sensing to Advance Our Future.” Supporting this theme, the 12 features in this issue cover instruments and techniques that build upon the long heritage of societal benefits from remote sensing as well as introduce some new and innovative ideas taking the

On behalf of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS), I would like to invite you to participate in IGARSS 2022, our annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. This year’s symposium will be held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from 17 to 22 July using a hybrid conference format. The theme for this year’s meeting will focus on “Preserving Our Heritage, Enabling Our Future

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In the fields of image restoration and image fusion, model- and data-driven methods are the two representative frameworks. However, both approaches have their respective advantages and disadvantages. Model-driven techniques consider the imaging mechanism, which is deterministic and theoretically reasonable; however, they cannot easily model complicated nonlinear problems. Data-driven schemes have a

The Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, jointly developed by NASA and French Space Agency (CNES) with contributions from the Canadian and U.K. space agencies, and planned for launch in 2022, is designed to provide a spatially distributed and high-frequency measurement of water elevation data for the hydrology and oceanography communities for the first time [1], [2]. By virtue of its novel

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Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

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Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

CSI-Based physical layer authentication is a promising candidate to achieve fast and lightweight authentication for wireless communication. However, the current methods usually cannot achieve initial authentication and are susceptible to channel noise. Besides, the current learning-aided physical layer authentication usually requires illegitimate channel state information (CSI) samples that are difficult

This letter considers the incorporation of secure directional modulation in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided communication networks. With elaborately selected antenna subsets, secure directional modulation generates randomized signals at undesired directions to assure physical-layer security. One major challenge of introducing RIS is that an additional beam, other than the user-specific

In this letter, the achievable rate maximization problem is considered for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in an underlay spectrum sharing scenario, subject to interference power constraints at the primary users. The formulated non-convex optimization problem is challenging to solve due to its non-convexity as well as coupling design variables

In this letter, we study the passive beamforming design for optimizing the three-dimensional (3-D) coverage performance in an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted communication system. In particular, we maximize the minimum (i.e., max-min) beamforming gain over all locations in the target area by jointly optimizing the passive reflection of all IRS elements. The resulting problem has a non-convex

Deploying the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in wireless networks is getting tremendous attention due to its potential to provide alternative propagation paths for high-frequency signals and mitigate the impact of blockage and penetration losses. In this letter, we introduce the intelligent surface selection while considering a vehicular network scenario. Similar to the well-studied relay

The autoencoder empowered by artificial intelligence has shown considerable potential in solving channel state information (CSI) feedback problems in frequency-division duplexing systems. However, this method needs to completely change the existing feedback schemes, which is difficult to deploy in the next few years. This paper proposes an environment knowledge-aided codebook-based CSI feedback framework

Satellite-aerial communication (SAC) is the most necessary and reliable way to bridge the aerial terminals with their remote command and control center when terrestrial relay infrastructure is unavailable. However, as an inescapable obstacle, adjacent space interference from neighboring satellites unavoidably leads to the loss of the performance of SACs. To uncover the impacts of space interference

Due to the considerable fading arising from the long-distance transmission between satellites and terrestrial terminals as well as the complex geographic environments on the earth, aerial relays have been designed to facilitate the information delivery between the satellites and terrestrial terminals when reliable direct data transmissions cannot be achieved. In this paper, a cooperative satellite-aerial-terrestrial

In this work, we propose a Deep neural network-assisted Particle Filter-based (DePF) approach to address the Mobile User (MU) joint synchronization and localization (sync&loc) problem in ultra-dense networks. In particular, DePF deploys an asymmetric time-stamp exchange mechanism between the MUs and the Access Points (APs), which, traditionally, provides us with information about the MUs’ clock offset

Optical communications systems’ performance is limited by physical layer nonlinearities inherent in some of their transmitter components. In order to overcome some of these limitations, several approaches utilizing artificial neural networks to digitally pre-distort the transmitted signal have been proposed in the last few years, alongside other more classical models. However, their performance was

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been recently considered as a promising candidate for energy-efficient solutions in future wireless networks. Their dynamic and low-power configuration enables coverage extension, massive connectivity, and low-latency communications. Due to a large number of unknown variables referring to the RIS unit elements and the transmitted signals, channel estimation

Rate splitting (RS) systems can better deal with imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) than conventional approaches. However, this requires an appropriate power allocation that often has a high computational complexity, which might be inadequate for practical and large systems. To this end, adaptive power allocation techniques can provide good performance with low computational

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a promising technology for beyond of the wireless communications. In fully passive IRS-assisted systems, channel estimation is challenging and should be carried out only at the base station or at the terminals since the elements of the IRS are incapable of processing signals. In this letter, we formulate a tensor-based semi-blind receiver that solves the joint

In this letter, we propose a novel digital twin scheme supported metaverse by jointly considering the integrated model of communications, computing, and storage through the employment of mobile edge computing (MEC) and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). The MEC-based URLLC digital twin architecture is proposed to provide powerful computing infrastructure by exploring task offloading

Recently, a generalization of the double-Rayleigh with line-of-sight channel fading model taking into account shadowing of the line-of-sight component has been proposed. In this letter, a closed-form analysis of the average bit error rate for MPSK/MQAM modulations is performed. The derived solution is accompanied by proposed numerically efficient approximation and all possible asymptotic expressions

In this letter, we investigate a simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) assisting a massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system. In particular, we derive a closed-form expression for the coverage probability of a STAR-RIS assisted mMIMO system while accounting for correlated fading and phase-shift errors. Notably, the phase configuration takes

Hybrid beamforming can provide rapid data transmission rates while reducing the complexity and cost of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. However, channel state information (CSI) is imperfect in realistic downlink channels, introducing challenges to hybrid beamforming (HBF) design. This letter proposes an unsupervised deep learning neural network (USDNN) for hybrid beamforming to

Lower earth orbit (LEO) satellites play an important role in the integration of space and terrestrial communication networks, which typically encounter high-mobility scenarios. It has been shown that orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation performs well in such high-mobility scenarios by transforming the time-varying channels into the delay-Doppler domain. In this paper, we develop a joint

With potential applications to short-packet communication, we address communication of low-latency messages in fast-fading channels under the presence of a reactive jammer. Unlike a traditional jammer, we assume a full-duplex (FD) jammer capable of detecting pre-existing countermeasures and subsequently changing the target frequency band. To facilitate reliable communication amidst a strong adversary

We investigate multiuser detection under uplink asynchronous scenario, where the triangular successive interference cancellation (T-SIC) detection scheme is exploited. As the existing analysis was conducted under some ideal assumptions for simplicity, the asynchronous scenario is analyzed under rigorous assumptions in this paper so that important insights are revealed for practical systems. Specifically

Wireless communications are vulnerable to cyber attackers, which now have the flexibility to choose their type of attack. In this paper, combined with intelligent reflect surface (IRS), we jointly optimize base station beamforming and IRS reflected beamforming to counter smart attackers, thereby improving system security. Considering that attackers can flexibly choose their attack methods, such as

Online fountain codes (OFCs) have many advantages, such as low overhead, online feedback and optimal encoding, due to the feedback of the instantaneous decoding state. This paper analyzes the characteristics of underwater acoustic networks (UANs) as well as the issues of existing OFCs applied in UANs. Aiming at these issues, two optimization objectives of OFCs are put forward for UANs. In addition

Artificial noise (AN), aiming to disturb the eavesdropper while avoiding the influence on the legitimate receiver, has arisen as an excellent technology for improving the physical-layer security of wireless communications. In order to challenge AN, zero-forcing elimination (ZFE) has been introduced as a possible countermeasure to mitigate the AN for the eavesdropper at the cost of more available receive

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has emerged as a promising technique to enhance wireless communication performance cost-effectively. The existing literature has mainly considered IRS being deployed near user terminals to improve their performance. However, this approach may incur a high cost if IRSs need to be densely deployed in the network to cater to random user locations. To avoid such high

In this letter, an optimal time allocation scheme is proposed to improve the throughput of energy harvesting based backscatter communication. The base station (BS) serving as the power supply is transmitting continuously with constant power. All the relays can harvest radio frequency (RF) energy from the transmission of BS while the user performs backscatter transmission, and then the selected relay

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a promising technology for future communication systems because of its ability to intelligently configure the wireless environment. In this letter, an IRS is equipped on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a passive relay system, in which the UAV serves as a flexible airborne platform. Our aim is to maximize the minimum average transmission rate by jointly optimizing

A weighted Alamouti (WA) media-based modulation (WA-MBM) scheme is presented. In this scheme, the real and imaginary parts of the diagonal and anti-diagonal WA codes are interleaved and transmitted according to a well-designed MBM channel states activation approach, so that the spatial resource units in both diagonal and anti-diagonal directions of WA-MBM signal are fully exploited to achieve higher

Crosstalk among different orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, mainly caused by the atmospheric turbulence and the misalignment between the transmitting and receiving antennas, leads to the increase of error probability of OAM transmission systems. Considering the OAM-based multiple-input multiple-output (OAM-MIMO) transmission system with unaligned antennas, the error probability model is derived

We investigate here a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) communication between a gateway and an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, where both RIS and IoT device need to harvest energy prior to communication. Within this context, we study our system for two operations, namely switching from energy harvesting to data transmission

We consider free-space optical (FSO) communication links for the backhaul connectivity of small cells (SCs) where a UAV with an FSO apparatus can serve as a backhaul relay node. We demonstrate how such drone relay stations (DRSs) can be deployed in a high-rise urban area in order to provide FSO line-of-sight (LOS) links that are unobstructed by buildings. Also, in our solution we consider the case

Next-generation satellite systems targeting multi-Terabit-per-second throughput require surmounting layers of design challenges. For feeder links, extremely high frequency (EHF) band is desired to overcome spectrum limitations and reduce equipment size. Multiple gateways are utilized to aggregate their bandwidths and serve as site diversity, mitigating the increased susceptibility of the EHF band to

We consider a free-space optical (FSO) communication link for packet-based transmissions over a turbulence fading channel. The modulation format is on-off keying (OOK) and a unique-word (UW) composed by a known synch pattern is periodically inserted in the data stream to identify the start of frame. Since an avalanche photo-diode (APD) is used for direct detection of the OOK symbols, the photocurrent

To accommodate the stringent requirements of massive connectivity and ultra-high throughput, both reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) have been perceived as the key techniques for future communication networks. In this paper, a versatile framework is conceived to boost transmit power efficiency for RIS-enabled multi-group NOMA networks in the presence

As the interplay between intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can boost both the spectrum- and the power-efficiency, this letter investigates an IRS-NOMA system, taking into account the multi-group detection and imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). Specifically, a group-level SIC (GSIC) is conceived to remove the decoded groups’ signals, whilst

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Welcome you to the second issue of the IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials in 2022. This issue includes 14 papers covering different aspects of communication networks. In particular, these articles survey and tutor various issues in “Network Security,” “Network and Service Management and Green Communications,” “Wireless Communications,” “IoT and M2M,” “Network Virtualization,” “Vehicular and

This letter focuses on the problem of uplink channel estimation with the reduced fronthaul overhead in cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems. First, we propose a sub-sampling scheme to reduce the dimension of fronthaul. Then, we exploit the inherent channel sparsity and model the underdetermined channel estimation problem as an off-grid sparse signal recovery problem. Finally

Signal recognition has recently emerged as a key ingredient for cognitive radios with defense and industrial uses. This letter area encompasses the recognition of a broad range of transmission aspects such as modulation format, space-time mapping, channel coding form, central frequency, and data rate. Each of these aspects has been extensively researched in the literature. Only a few works addressed

This letter studies the task offloading in reputation-based consortium blockchain networks, where the tasks are transmitted to Edge Computing Servers (ECSs) due to limited resources. We propose a novel Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism in which validation nodes (including active nodes and backup nodes) are voted based on their reputation. The incentive identifies the reputation and

In the past decades, remote sensing (RS) data fusion has always been an active research community. A large number of algorithms and models have been developed. Generative adversarial networks (GANs), as an important branch of deep learning, show promising performances in a variety of RS image fusions. This review provides an introduction to GANs for RS data fusion. We briefly review the frequently