The availability and reliability of optical backbone links are very important to ensure the efficient operation of the Internet. To address the issue of data loss due to optical link failures, there is a need for an optimal recovery strategy so that the traffic can be rerouted on a backup path to the destination. This paper builds on top of our prior research efforts (Yavary Mehr et al., 2022; Zhou

Abstract not available

Distributed deep learning (DDL) systems strongly depend on network performance. Current electronic packet switched (EPS) network architectures and technologies suffer from variable diameter topologies, low-bisection bandwidth and over-subscription affecting completion time of communication and collective operations. We introduce a near-exascale, full-bisection bandwidth, all-to-all, single-hop, all-optical

As Ethernet has a large bandwidth capacity, it is commonly proposed as a backbone for future intra-vehicle networks. However, satisfying the severe hardware reliability requirements of intra-vehicle networks while providing high-bandwidth and low latency by Ethernet may be costly. As a solution, we propose a novel optical intra-vehicle backbone network architecture that may have a lower cost and higher

Hybrid light-fidelity (LiFi) and wireless-fidelity (WiFi) networks (HLWNets) provide a promising solution for the future indoor wireless communications. This network structure faces the challenge of traffic congestion since LiFi links are prone to be blocked due to angular misalignment and path obstruction while WiFi has limited capacity. In this paper, a novel network structure that enables device-to-device

Dynamic multiple multicasts widely exist in several applications of optical network-on-chip. However, there is no good solution for routing and wavelength assignment for multiple multicasts in the mesh-based network. This paper proposes a new routing strategy based on a modified artificial fish swarm algorithm. The modified artificial fish model can support unicast and multicast in the mesh-based network

Abstract not available

We revisit spectrum allocation (SA), a fundamental problem in optical network design, and we explain that it can be modeled as a permutation problem. This new model eliminates spectrum symmetry, a property that presents a significant challenge to conventional spectrum allocation solutions. Accordingly, we develop parameterized first-fit (PFF), a new symmetry-free heuristic for the SA problem that has

Elastic optical networks (EONs) have been introduced to meet the demands of the rapidly growing Internet. These networks can efficiently keep up with the emerging bandwidth-hungry and highly dynamic services, and can support multicast services using techniques like the path, tree or subtree methods. A multicast wavelength-space-wavelength (M-WSW) network is a switching node architecture for EONs, which

We consider a joint optimization problem of optical network resources and virtual network function (VNF) placement for efficient content distribution. Current content distribution networks (CDNs) are tightly coupled with network function virtualization (NFV) technologies. A virtual CDN (vCDN) has been intensively investigated to efficiently cope with unpredictable traffic demand. In vCDN, CDN functions

Abstract not available

For the purpose of improving the resources utilization efficiency and decrease network redundancy of electric power communication network (EPCN), the paper explores using failure independent path protection preconfigured cycle (FIPP p-Cycle) to provide backup paths for electric communication service and presents a protection algorithm of enhanced FIPP p-Cycle with traffic grooming (EFIPP-TG). Firstly

Light-Fidelity (LiFi) is quickly emerging as the next-generation communication technology thanks to its unique benefits, such as available spectrum, high data rates, low implementation costs, and inherent beamforming capabilities. As a consequence, it is endorsed by the scientific literature as an appealing innovation for disclosing disruptive services. The wavefront of LiFi technology is very wide:

Cloud computing and web applications have further highlighted the need for powerful data centers with large bandwidth and low power consumption. In order to provide such a large bandwidth, today's electronic data centers require high power levels. Furthermore, communications and devices are not always used to their full potential. Optical networks can be a proper option for data centers, as they can

In this paper, a self-adaptive anti-misalignment model for transceivers in hybrid radio frequency (RF) communication and visible light communication (VLC) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) network is firstly proposed to solve the transceiver misalignment (TM) between vehicles in adjacent lanes caused by vehicle states' changes. By the information on roads and the state of vehicles, traffic scenarios are divided

Abstract not available

The rise of traffic intensive services and applications is pushing the limits of conventional single band Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. As an answer to this challenge, new data plane technologies are being investigated. Multi-band optical networks have raised as a very interesting candidate due to the potential increased capacity they offer thanks to the exploitation of multiple

Metropolitan optical networks are undergoing significant transformations to continue being able to provide services that meet the requirements of the applications of the future. The current deployment of the 5G networks and the envisioned 6G cyber–physical systems would expand the possibilities for offering IoT applications, autonomous vehicles, and smart city services while imposing strong pressure

Multicasting is inevitable in the advent of the age of online video streaming. Light trail, the unidirectional optical bus, enhances multicasting by facilitating sub wavelength granularity. Splitting a light trail into segments increases the bandwidth utilization. To remove the overburden of the auxiliary graph of the existing works lead the motivation of the proposed heuristic algorithm known as Dynamic

Abstract not available

The paper presents a Q-learning based dynamic routing algorithm for C+L band elastic optical networks (EONs) considering fiber impairments such as cross-phase modulation (XPM), self-phase modulation (SPM), amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and inter-channel stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS). The effect of fragmentation is considered in the Q-learning process in addition to considering constraints

Free space optical (FSO) communication refers to the information transmission technology based on the propagation of optical signals in space. FSO communication requires that the transmitter and receiver directly see each other. High-altitude platforms (HAPs) have been proposed for carrying FSO transceivers in the stratosphere. A multihop HAP network with FSO links can relay traffic between ground

Time division multiplexed passive optical networks (TDM-PONs) such as EPON, XG-PON, XGS-PON, etc. have become widely accepted network architectures for meeting the bandwidth requirement of high-end consumer applications. The available bandwidth is still limited and needs to be utilized efficiently. There are scenarios when one ONU may completely dominate the network bandwidth leading to starvation

In this paper, the joint problem of user association and power allocation for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-visible light communication (VLC) systems is investigated. First, a novel intelligent user association (UA) method for multi-user NOMA-VLC is proposed to improve the multiplexing efficiency. Second, a new adaptive optimal power allocation scheme based on the UA method is presented and

Fault management has long been an indispensable component for controlling and managing telecommunication networks. To prevent huge data losses, it is necessary to develop a fast and efficient fault localization mechanism. In this work, we study the problem of multi-failure localization in transparent optical networks. In this context, a correlation-based approach is introduced to exploit the quality

The routing, modulation level, and spectrum allocation (RMLSA) problem is crucial for efficient elastic optical networks. This problem has been approached by optimal-and-non-scalable and sub-optimal-and-scalable solutions. In the second approach, we can distinguish the routing-based and permutation-based meta-heuristics. These approaches explore a sub-set of the RMLSA solutions, and consequently, the

In control-plane of optical packet forwarding engines (OPFEs), the group-membership query algorithm determines the egress through which a packet should be forwarded. To implement a high-performance multicast-enabled switch/router, a super-fast group-membership query algorithm is the key element within the PFEs which require the following essential properties: high link-bandwidth, high port-density

Flexible Ethernet (FlexE)-over-WDM is one of the promising technologies of 5G transport networks that aims to provide a variety of Ethernet MAC rates over large capacity wavelength channels. Ultra-reliable communication is a key scenario of 5G, which poses a big challenge to the transport networks. To achieve ultra-reliability, frame replication and elimination for reliability (FRER) was proposed by

10-Gigabit passive optical network (XG-PON) has emerged as an effective architecture to meet today's growing demand for bandwidth in the family of next-generation passive optical networks (NG-PON). It supports various quality of services such as voice, video live streaming, network browsing, etc., where these services demand bandwidth, which is limited. To overcome this limitation, bandwidth management

Wavelength division multiplexing\time division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM/TDM-PON) is the attractive candidate for PON bandwidth sharing among multiple service providers, featuring massive bandwidth and longer reach. This infrastructure reduces the overall cost of the Fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) services and offers relatively lower tariffs for the end customers. The dynamic bandwidth

A fast data synchronization method in optical inter-connected data center is proposed. The origin data are combined to fewer coded data to reduce the synchronization slots. The coded data are broadcast to other nodes. Each node decodes the coded data to recover its missing data. A coding strategy based on coding matrices is proposed for various data distribution. The parity-check matrices in error-control

Light fidelity (LiFi) is a wireless optical communication (WOC) technology that holds the key to solving the challenges of 5th and higher generation mobile networks. LiFi is a two-way wireless communication technology that enables high-speed transmission on both up and down links simultaneously. Today, researchers and manufacturers consider LiFi technology as an essential solution for radio frequency

Radio frequency (RF) spectrum is highly occupied and adding further broadband channels to fulfill the exiting user requirements has become difficult. Optical free-space communication can be regarded a possible alternative as it offers several potential advantages such as reliable connectivity, secure link, higher data rates, and large bandwidth. Consequently, free-space optical (FSO) communication

In a long-reach passive optical network (LR-PON), protection for optical network units (ONUs) against their distribution fiber (DF) failures is highly desirable to ensure uninterrupted Internet access to the associated users. In the distribution section of the LR-PON, shared-risk link groups (SRLGs) are formed by DFs due to sharing fiber cables and conduits. Most of the existing SRLG-aware DF protection

Benchmarking is commonly used in research fields, such as computer architecture design and machine learning, as a powerful paradigm for rigorously assessing, comparing, and developing novel technologies. However, the data centre network (DCN) community lacks a standard open-access and reproducible traffic generation framework for benchmark workload generation. Driving factors behind this include the

Abstract not available

With the prevalence of some high bandwidth-demanding applications, such as cloud computing, traditional wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical networks have difficulties in satisfying such growing bandwidth demands due to its limited allocation-flexibility and utilization-efficiency. Therefore, elastic optical networks (EONs). In order to realize the flexibility in EONs, sophisticated routing

In space division multiplexing-elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs), crosstalk and fragmentation are the significant factors determining overall resource utilization. Crosstalk and fragmentation management spectral resource allocation schemes can enhance the overall resource utilization in SDM-EONs. This paper proposes three crosstalk and fragmentation management bi-directional resource allocation schemes

Abstract not available

Underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) is an emerging technology for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Compared with acoustic waves and radio frequency waves, optical waves can provide higher data rates and lower latency. However, given the limited transmission range and energy supply, as well as the existence of communication void regions in UOWC which may further deteriorate

We present a Demand-aware Reconfigurable Data Center Network architecture design (DROAD) with integrated fast-switching optics and space switches that allows dynamic reconfiguration and separation of intra- and inter-cluster connections. The performance analysis results show a 64% improvement in average Flow Completion Time and a significant reduction in TCP session time, as well as a reduced number

Over the last decades, the emerging paradigms, e.g., centralized mobile cloud computing (MCC), multi-access edge computing (MEC), and collaborative computing offloading (CCO), have attracted extensive attention in adaptive 5G low latency communication for Tactile Internet. Besides, a novel integrated wireless optical transport network emerges in access networks and supports joint fronthaul and backhaul

Abstract not available

The continuously emerging cloud services provide an unprecedented traffic growth into the large-scale data centers (DCs) globally. In this paper, we introduce an optical DC network (DCN) architecture to organize the servers into computing clusters. Since a high percentage of the total DCΝ traffic is served within a cluster, we assume two distinct networks: the intra-cluster passive optical network

In this paper, the information value model (IVM) of an access point (AP) and the related intelligent handover model (IHM) are firstly founded in the subway light-fidelity (LiFi) network. At first, based on statistical methods, the IVM is created by analyzing the behavioral characteristics of subway passengers. By the IVM, the probability of user access to each AP can be successfully predicted. Next

To improve the blocking probability (BP) performance and enhance the resource utilization, a correct decision of routing strategy which is most adaptable to the network configuration and traffic dynamics is essential for adaptive routing in optical datacenter networks (DCNs). A neural network (NN)-assisted decision-making scheme is proposed to find the optimal routing strategy in optical DCNs by predicting

Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) using a flexible wavelength allocation technique with smaller granularity of spectrum can improve the efficiency and flexibility for diverse traffic transmission. However, due to the small granularity in EONs, the resource allocation problems become more complicated than that of the existing network architecture. By classifying the integer linear programming (ILP) models

Time division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM-PON) have emerged as a promising technology for mobile fronthaul for small cell CRAN. The performance of such TDM-based PON mobile fronthaul for small cell CRAN greatly depends on efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) mechanisms. In this paper, a novel DBA mechanism based on the concept of dynamic service interval for ITU-based TDM-PON

For addressing the problems of high bandwidth blocking probability and low spectrum utilization caused by spectrum fragmentation in elastic optical networks (EONs), a dynamic EONs node architecture for deploying spectrum slicer is studied to transmit the request in the paper. The spectrum slicer can relax spectrum contiguity and improve spectrum fragmentation utilization for request's lightpath establishing

Elastic optical networks (EONs) are a promising solution for future high-speed optical communication, and multicasting in EONs can efficiently support many emerging services. Different schemes, such as path, tree and subtree schemes, serve multicast services. In this paper, we consider a three-stage wavelength-space-wavelength (WSW) node architecture, which adopts wavelength switches in the first and

In this special issue devoted to the memory of Prof. Fabio Neri we would like to look back at the time of the international research projects where some of us collaborated with him. On the basis of our personal experience of the time and the current viewpoint, we will discuss why Optical Packet Switching (OPS) is a technology that never came to market in spite of the great amount of research that was

In today's wide area networks, especially in Optical Transport Networks (OTN) with Software Defined Networking (SDN) features enabled over Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) is an important service that can be satisfied by dynamic end-to-end service provisioning. Service provisioning time (SPT) and Blocking Probability (BP) are critical performance metrics for the users

The survivable logical topology mapping (SLTM) problem in IP-over-WDM networks is to map each link in the logical topology (IP layer) onto a lightpath in the physical topology (optical layer) such that a failure of a physical link does not cause the logical topology to become disconnected. This problem is known to be NP-complete. For this SLTM problem, two lines of investigations have been reported

In the last twenty years, optical networks have witnessed recurrent changes in their management and control architecture. In this paper, we present a historical timeline and a future perspective of the evolution of optical network management and control deployed for Wavelength Switched Optical Networks (WSON), Elastic Optical Networks (EON) and (multilayer) Data Center Networks. Early implementations

Telecom operators' infrastructure is sustained by optical communication networks that provide the means for exchanging large amounts of information, which is essential for many modern society needs. Optical networks are characterized by rapid breakthroughs in a variety of technologies. Relevantly, the last decade encompassed remarkable advances in optical networks’ subfields of signal processing, electronics

In this paper, we focus on the efficient dynamic routing in Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks (ss-fon) realized using Single-Mode Fiber Bundles (smfbs). We study two scenarios – unprotected network (np) and network protected by dedicated path protection (dpp) against a single link failure. For these configurations, we propose a dedicated optimization approach (Enhanced Adaptive Spectral-Spatial

The advent of Elastic Optical Networks (EON) has led to significant improvements in optical network spectrum utilization when compared to Wavelength Division Multiplexing Optical Networks. However, the EON brought challenges to be explored, notably the Power, Routing, Modulation Level and Spectrum Assignment (PRMLSA) problem. This article aims to explore techniques for the PRMLSA problem, being developed

Inter-core crosstalk causes severe signal impairment in Space Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Networks (SDM-EON) with multi-core fibre (MCF). In order to mitigate the influence of crosstalk between cores, bidirectional MCF is used. SDM-EON has dramatically increased the network bandwidth and is the mainstream trend of future communications, but the overall cost of such an SDM-EON will increase

This paper proposes a novel joint resource allocation technique for flexible-grid systems by utilizing non-dominant sort genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) in a multi-objective optimization framework. It pioneers the implementation of an evolutionary mechanism to optimize resources as means of mitigation of physical layer impairments. This investigation initially introduces a proposal in which bandwidth reduction