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Worldwide, air transportation accounts for at least 2.5% of carbon emissions, and this fraction will rise as the industry continues its rapid growth. Electrification of air transport is a vital component of global carbon reduction. The United Nations Climate Change Conference held in 2021 (COP26) set a clear goal of securing global net zero emissions by mid-century and keeping $1.5 ^{\mathrm {\circ

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In order to improve the insulation capacity of cable connector (Cc) in the high voltage equipment box (Hveb), this article proposes an optimization scheme that does not change the size of the Hveb and the structure of Cc fittings. In this article, the change in the impulse voltage withstand value of Cc after installing insulating sheath was verified by the lightning impulse flashover test. Based on

Pulsed load poses a significant challenge to the safe operation of the airborne power systems. This article proposes a semi-two-stage ac dc converter with power decoupling function for the airborne power system with pulsed load. The semi-two-stage converter provides two dc ports, in which one dc port with lower voltage is the output port connected to the pulsed load, while the other dc port is the

The accurate estimation of state of health (SOH) for lithium-ion batteries is significant to improve the reliability and safety of batteries in operation. However, many existing studies on battery SOH estimation are conducted on the premise of large sizable labeled training data acquisition without considering the time cost and experimental cost. To solve such issues, this article proposes a novel

Brake-by-wire (BBW) is a fundamental function required by intelligent vehicles. And the One-Box electrohydraulic BBW (EHB) system is becoming the mainstream BBW solution. To improve the wheel pressure regulation (WPR) ability in the One-Box solution, this study proposes a new WPR scheme by directly coordinating the adjusting valves and the motor-powered booster instead of the traditional plunger pump

This article presents an adaptive event-triggered dynamic output feedback interval type-2 (IT-2) T-S fuzzy control method for autonomous electric vehicle systems. First, the IT-2 T-S fuzzy model is introduced to describe the nonlinear lateral dynamics of the vehicle systems. Second, a novel adaptive event-triggered strategy is designed to reduce the computational burden. Third, the phenomenon of intermittent

This article presents the definition of the performance that the electric motor should have in order to satisfy the requirements of the electric vehicle in terms of acceleration time and maximum speed, starting from a simplified vehicle model, considering the motor torque minimization and the input power minimization. In order to verify the effectiveness of the synchronous reluctance motor in traction

In this article, a novel current error calibration scheme considering noncentral sampling is proposed for an open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (OW-PMSM) drive with a single current sensor. To realize the current reconstruction using a single current sensor, the durations of measurement vectors need to last long enough. Besides, the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) of the dual inverters is

In the past few decades, the stator permanent magnet (PM) machines have attracted much research attention because of their reliable rotor structure, high power density, wide speed range, and strong fault-tolerant ability. Among the recently proposed stator PM machine topologies, the stator slot-opening PM (SS-PM) machines are becoming increasingly popular because of their higher stator space utilization

Permanent magnet motors are widely used in the driving system of electric vehicles because of their high power density and small size. However, the permanent magnet motor is prone to demagnetization due to the complex operating environment of electric vehicles and characteristics of permanent magnet motors. To ensure the normal operation of vehicles, the demagnetization fault diagnosis of permanent

Brushless dc motor (BLDCM) is a conventional machine type used in the electric bike (e-bike) industry due to its simple controllability and drive system. However, the fluctuating price and scarcity of NdFeB magnets used in BLDCMs, lower power density compared to ac machines, and high torque ripple have pushed researchers in industry and academia to investigate technology alternatives to BLDCMs in e-bike

An optimization method of the piecewise stagger trapezoidal poles is proposed for the reduction of the pole-frequency vibration of the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines (SPMSMs) in this article. By offsetting the zero-crossing region of flux density, this method can weaken the pole-frequency force harmonic while ensuring the torque density. First, based on the Maxwell tensor method

This article investigates the economic viability of replacing the high-voltage battery pack of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) by estimating the impact of battery aging on the fuel economy, drivability capability, and electric range. The HEV is modeled first, an optimal energy management strategy based on dynamic programming is then implemented

The direct-quadrature (DQ) model, mirror-frequency impedance (MFI) model, and harmonic state-space (HSS) model are three main modeling methods for single-phase power electronic converter systems. These models are established under three different frameworks: the dq-frame, the mirror-frequency frame, and the extended harmonic domain frame. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how to create

This article comprehensively investigates and compares the influences of permanent magnet (PM) arrangements on air-gap field modulation effects (AFMEs) in interior consequent-pole PM (ICPM) machines. Four typical single-layer PM structures, i.e., flat-type, spoke-type, U-shaped, and V-shaped magnet designs, are exemplified in order to identify how different rotor structures perform AFMEs due to a double-side

In this article, the air-gap field modulation effects (AFMEs) in spoke-type permanent magnet (STPM) machines with concentrated winding are investigated and revealed by quantifying the torque contributions of the various air-gap flux density harmonics. Due to the relatively stronger flux concentrated effect, the STPM structure exhibits greater resulting air-gap field harmonics for torque generation

In this article, an initial rotor position estimation method for an aircraft three-stage starter/generator (TSSG) based on self-injected harmonic signal (SIHS) is proposed. Different from the traditional method in which an external high-frequency signal is injected into the stator winding of the main generator (MG), the second harmonic voltage caused by the rotating rectifier in the ac excitation is

Due to the high forward voltage drop of reverse-blocking (RB) switches, conventional current-source inverters (CSIs) typically suffer efficiency penalties. Bidirectional (BD) switches, on the other hand, can also block reverse voltages but with less conduction loss than RB switches, making them more attractive candidates for CSI switches. This article discusses the difficulties inherent in implementing

Converter cost is the crucial concern while designing off-board electric vehicle (EV) chargers for high-voltage charging applications using advanced high breakover voltage power semiconductor switches. To solve this problem, multilevel topology is used with the typical dual active bridge (DAB) for the development of high-voltage and high-power EV charging. It offers low cost, compact, less complex

The traction power system is supplied by three-phase power grids in China, forming an asymmetrical system. However, current research on wideband-oscillation analysis of the traction power supply system assumes that vehicles in a feeding section are supplied by a single-phase ideal voltage source. Meanwhile, the existing vehicle impedance models are inapplicable for the stability analysis of this asymmetrical

This article develops a novel feedforward neural networks (FFNNs)-based device-level model from a physical insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) model dataset by the proposed artificial neural network (ANN)-aided data-driven IGBT switching transient modeling approach, so that the physics-based IGBT models can be indirectly integrated into field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time simulation

The design of auxiliary power supply (APS) in solid-state transformers (SSTs) is quite challenging. To minimize the isolation requirement, this APS is usually powered by dc-link capacitors. However, it poses voltage unbalance issues when the main converter is not in operation. To address this problem, a compact and cost-effective APS design is proposed, which utilizes the isolation structure of main

With the popularization of electric vehicles (EVs), EV charging demand is becoming an important load in the building. Considering the mobility of EVs from building to building and their uncertain charging demand, it is of great practical interest to control the EV charging process in a microgrid of buildings to optimize the total operation cost while ensuring transmission security between the microgrid

The mobile energy storage system (MESS) plays an increasingly important role in energy systems because of its spatial and temporal flexibilities, while the high upfront investment cost requires developing corresponding operation and arbitrage strategies. In the existing literature, the MESS arbitrage problems are usually cast as mixed-integer programming models. However, the performance of this model-based

Because of the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs), the energy management of multimicrogrid (MMG) systems has attracted considerable research attention. The objective of this study is to coordinate scheduling performance for MMG systems under large-scale EV operations. To address the problem that the calculation time increases exponentially with the scale of EVs, a clustering algorithm was

This article proposes a wireless charging system based on a novel magnetic coupler with high coupling capacity for recharging the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The novel magnetic coupler includes two transmitters and one receiver, in which the transmitters consist of double orthogonal rectangular coils and double orthogonal L-type cores and the receiver is an air-cored receiving coil perpendicular

The monitoring of temperature distribution is crucial for advanced battery thermal management. This study proposes a data-driven temperature field prediction method for the pouch cell thermal process, a typical distributed parameter system (DPS). First, empirical spatial basis functions (SBFs) that represent underlying spatial modes of the thermal system are extracted from data snapshots collected

Permanent magnet homopolar inductor machine (PMHIM) has received extensive attention in the field of flywheel energy storage system (FESS) due to its merits of simple structure, rotor flywheel integration, and high operation efficiency. However, its inherent 3-D flux density distribution results in a huge time cost in motor design and analysis. To improve the analysis and design efficiency, a simplified

It is important to optimize control parameters for the high-performance operation of position sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. In this article, a multi-optimization objective online tracking (MOOT)-based parameter self-tuning method is proposed to improve the sensorless control performance when the high-frequency signal injection (HFSI) method is used, which involves both

Cable terminals of the high-speed electric multiple units (EMUs) are prone to undertake insulation delamination defects due to their special operating conditions. Such a defect is difficult to identify and it may pose a great threat to the safety of the EMUs. To achieve accurate detection of insulation delamination defects, this article proposes a terahertz (THz)-based approach that combines the spectrum

Industry and researchers are investigating both battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs) for the future of sustainable passenger vehicle technology. While BEVs have clear efficiency advantages, FCHVs have key benefits in terms of refueling time and energy density. This article first proposes the concept of a fuel cell range extender vehicle (FCREV) that uses whole-day

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) have zero harmful emissions, fast refueling times, and long driving ranges. Autonomous FCHEVs add benefits such as collision avoidance and driver convenience yet increase vehicle energy usage due to sensors and computation. Thus, it is important to optimize vehicle speed trajectories and the energy management strategy (EMS) of autonomous FCHEVs to minimize

The temperature of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a critical factor that significantly impacts the performance of the battery. One of the essential roles of the battery management system (BMS) is to monitor and control the temperature of the cells in the battery pack. In this article, two deep neural network (DNN) modeling approaches are used to predict the surface temperature of LIBs. The first model

The purpose of this study is to look at both the potential and the limitations of first-generation electric aviation technology while emphasizing Norway’s geographical opportunities and unique regional network. Electric flight distances of up to 400 km would cover around 77% of all flights within Norway. Currently, there is limited research into the suitability of battery-powered all-electric aviation

This article presents an onboard magnetic integration-based wireless power transfer (WPT) system for misalignment-tolerant and stable charging of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a lightweight and compact receiver (Rx). The onboard Rx and integrated compensation coils are coupled with an asymmetrical transmitter (Tx) coil to enhance the power transmission capacity and achieve misalignment tolerance

Continuous and stable acquisition of accurate three-phase currents information is critical to vector control. The immeasurable areas (IAs) is the most intractable problem in the traditional single current sensor phase current reconstruction (SCS-PCR) technology. In addition, the change of the sampling position owing to the influence of the IAs makes the current ripple tend to be serious, which further

Compared to wheeled vehicles, tracked vehicles have unique advantages in disaster relief and engineering sites. The working environment of tracked vehicles is mostly in fixed-point conditions, so high-precision automatic stopping is essential for tracked vehicles. Improved A* and dynamic window approach are proposed in this article to enhance the accuracy and speed of automatic parking of tracked vehicles

Resolver is a position sensor that is widely employed in motor servo systems under harsh working conditions. In this article, a novel axial flux resolver with a fractional-slot sinusoidal distributed winding configuration is developed, which has the advantages of a simple structure and convenient mass production. Sinusoidal distribution winding expands the optional range of pole–slot combinations,

The magnetic circuit feature of a radial–axial brushless hybrid excitation machine (RA-BHEM) is studied in this article. An axial stator is placed on one side of the rotor, which is wound with ac excitation winding to adjust the air-gap flux flexibly to make it have good flux regulation capability. The flux distribution of the RA-BHEM is a radial–axial 3-D mixed magnetic circuit, which is difficult

Data-driven approaches have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in battery’s state of health (SOH) estimation; however, they are susceptible to data quality and quantity. Therefore, an accurate data-based battery health estimation method is highly desirable in an unreliable industry environment when sensors’ random measurements unavailability is ubiquitous. Successful training under random data unavailability

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for electric vehicles is developing higher frequency and speed but triggering a significant increase of eddy current loss. To resolve the eddy current loss issue, a novel flat wire transposed winding composed of double-row multiple parallel strands is proposed. Transposed winding techniques have been proved to be efficient in reducing eddy current loss by preventing

The increasing interest in dual three-phase motor drives has led to the corresponding research on pulsewidth modulation (PWM) techniques. Compared to carrier-based PWM (CPWM), space-vector PWM (SVPWM) attracts more attention because of clear physical meaning and high design flexibility. However, it is difficult to design the method from the space-vector concept due to the complexity in the selection

Recent interest in electric vehicles with onboard solar generation presents a new opportunity for using solar electric vehicles (SEVs) for distributed generation when the traction battery is fully charged. This concept presents a new power electronic challenge: the onboard charger should have high efficiency in the grid-to-vehicle (G2V) direction for normal charging power levels (i.e., 6.6 kW) and

The efficiency of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system is highly dependent on the load resistance. However, the load resistance, such as the battery, is not constant during the charging process. Therefore, a crucial challenge for a WPT system is to keep high efficiency over wide load range. In this work, a hybrid load matching method for WPT systems is proposed to achieve high efficiency. The basic

Due to being completely exposed outdoors without backup, overhead contact lines (OCLs) are more vulnerable to external weather conditions. To perceive the weather-related failure risk and evaluate the associated potential risks, a multilayer Bayesian network (MLBN) approach is proposed for predictive probabilistic risk assessment for OCLs. More specifically, the weather-driven failure probabilities

The power decoupling three-port isolated current-fed resonant dc–dc converter realizes the power decoupling of each port at the topology level, reduces the control complexity, and ensures the zero instantaneous power of the standby port and high operation efficiency. In this article, the closed-loop control of the transfer power of each port is researched for the first time. First, a simplified single

The advent of SiC devices which results in lower rise times and steep $\text{d}v/\text{d}t$ at the inverter terminal can compromise the common mode (CM)-conducted emissions’ compliance, motor peak ac -CM currents, and leakage currents. Consequently, this results in a high ac and dc side CM filter weight. AC filters at the inverter output terminal are effective in reducing the slew rate of inverter

To monitor the thermal performance of the battery, the surface temperature (ST) of the battery is normally directly measured by temperature sensors. As the number of battery cells or strings increases, the number of temperature sensors increases proportionally. This increases the cost and reduces the reliability of the battery systems. To solve this problem, this article introduces a method to accurately

This article presents an analytical magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) modeling approach for a six-phase surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) machine equipped with fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) for integrated onboard chargers. For the sake of comparison, the selected asymmetrical six-phase slot/pole combinations with the same design specifications and constraints are first designed based

Global transportation has shifted toward electromobility to achieve net-zero emission, and in the next few decades, commercial electric aircraft is likely to become a reality. This transition has embarked on through the existing more electric aircraft (MEA), and the ultimate goal will be potentially achieved by hybrid-electric and all-electric airliners, along with green fuels, such as green hydrogen

Presents the front cover for this issue of the publication.

Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal.

Autonomous electric vehicles (A-EVs), regarded as one of the innovations to accelerate transportation electrification, have sparked a flurry of interest in trajectory planning and charging scheduling. In this regard, this work employs mobile edge computing (MEC) to design a decentralized hierarchical algorithm for finding an optimal path to the nearby A-EV parking lots (PLs), selecting the best PL

Bolted busbar connections are a simple and versatile connection method used in battery systems. Copper busbars are widely used for such bolted connections; however, aluminum offers the potential to save weight and cost. To date, the reliability of aluminum connections dimensioned for battery systems and the vulnerability to corrosion accelerants is not established. In this study, bolted aluminum connections