Junctionless transistors (JLTs) are one of attractive candidates for further scaling down thanks to their promising advantages based on a structural simplicity without PN junctions, and their physical operation is quite different from traditional inversion-mode (IM) transistors. In this paper, we investigated the subthreshold operation of tri-gate JLTs with various effective width (Weff) and compared

The GF-4 geosynchronous orbit satellite can observe a large area for a long time, but the unique characteristics of its optical remote sensing image restrict the detection of maritime targets. This paper proposes a maritime target detection and tracking method for the GF-4 satellite image sequence based on the differences in information between frames in the image sequence. First, a preprocessing method

The currently-emerging technology demands sharing of data using various channels via the Internet, disks, etc. Some recipients of this data can also become traitors by leaking the important data. As a result, the data breaches due to data leakage are also increasing. These breaches include unauthorized distribution, duplication, and sale. The identification of a guilty agent responsible for such breaches

Low Density Signature (LDS) is an emerging non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique that has never been evaluated under a vehicular channel in order to simulate the environment of a vehicle to everything (V2X) communication. Moreover, the LDS structure has been combined with only Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) waveforms to improve its performances

This paper exhibits a novel technique to obtain an encoderless speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the case of a loss of one phase. The importance of this work is that it presents solutions in order to maintain the operation of the system in various conditions. This will increase the reliability of the whole drive system to meet the safety issues required in some applications

This paper presents an efficient method of estimation of rotor cage temperature for induction machine design, applied for electric and hybrid vehicles. This factor influences the torque produced by the induction machine with a field-oriented control algorithm. Equipping sensors to measure the temperature of a rotation component is expensive and is not representative of mass production. The approach

This article describes TagML, a method to generate collections of XML documents using model-to-model (M2M) transformations. To accomplish this goal, we define the TagML meta-model and the TagML-to-XML model-to-text transformation. While TagML models represent the essential characteristics of collections of XML documents, the TagML-to-XML transformation generates the textual representation of collections

In Northern Italy a large fraction of the population is exposed to PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations that exceed the European limit values and the stricter WHO air quality guidelines. For this reason, in 2017 four Regions (Piemonte, Lombardia, Veneto, and Emilia Romagna) and the national Ministry of the Environment adopted a set of joint measures, namely the “Po Basin air quality plan”. The plan mainly

In this manuscript, four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) superwideband antenna with mitigation of interfering bands is reported. The presented antenna comprises four identical patches which are placed orthogonal to each other. Rectangular ground plane to placed below the radiating patch forming monopole configuration and reduces the overall size of the antenna. Size reduction of antenna

This paper presents a curvature compensated voltage reference (VR), which is based on lateral PNP bipolar junction transistor (BJT). The proposed VR is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS process. The circuit consists of two first-order current-mode band gap references (BGR) and a subtraction circuit. Temperature characteristics of lateral PNP BJT is utilized for temperature curvature compensation. Moreover

This paper presents the design and development of a dual-band and dual-polarized two-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for mid-band 5G (3.4–3.6 GHz), and C-band (4–8 GHz) applications. The antenna design is very simple and it mainly consists of a circular-shaped single split-ring resonator on the top side of the substrate which is coupled with the microstrip line feed line. The bottom

Device reconfigurability refers to the ability to choose N or P type for the same structure. Such reconfigurable operation is demonstrated herein for a silicon nanotube (SiNT) structure using three-dimensional (3D) technology computer-aided design (TCAD) numerical simulations. The reconfigurable field-effect transistor (RFET) can exhibit N- or P-type operation via the application of an appropriate

Over recent decades, much effort has been invested in the implementation of digital circuits using multivalued and fuzzy logic, as they are more similar to real-world arithmetic and logic. Ternary logic can be implemented in molecular electronics using transistors based on benzene rings because of their special characteristics. A dual-gate molecular field-effect transistor based on the oligo (phenylene

The quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) computing paradigm is used to implement Rule 110, a unique one-dimensional cellular automata (CA) that has been proven to be Turing complete. A Turing complete architecture is capable of universal computing, which means that it could be used to implement any arbitrary computation. The optimized design of a single Rule 110 cell is presented, first using Boolean

The effects of lead positions and lead-ring coupling regimes are investigated for spin-related transport through a two-dimensional network of quantum nanorings (2DNQRs) considering Rashba spin–orbit interaction (RSOI) and magnetic flux. A matrix representation of the transmission and reflection coefficients through a single ring connected to the arbitrary number of leads has been introduced. As a specific

This paper presents an optimum design of an ultra-wideband (UWB) 2.5–10.5-GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA) in 180-nm and 65-nm radiofrequency (RF)-complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. A novel input matching network employing resistive–inductive feedback and a noise-canceling technique is proposed to achieve broadband matching as well as a low noise figure (NF). Moreover, a current-reused

First-principles calculations based on the full-potential linear augmented plane wave approach are applied herein to investigate the electronic, optical, and electrical properties of intrinsic point defects in cubic ZrO2. The exchange–correlation potential is treated using the recent modified Becke–Johnson potential (TB-mBJ) proposed by Tran and Blaha in addition to the generalized gradient approximation

In this paper, two ternary nonvolatile magnetic flip-flops are proposed to provide power gating in ternary systems. The proposed designs sequence ternary data in ternary data paths in their normal function. Furthermore, they can backup and restore the data of a ternary system before and after power gating. The proposed designs rely on assistance from the spin-Hall effect for the data backup operation

Memristor devices are crucial for developing neuromorphic computers and next-generation memory technologies. In this work, we provide a comprehensive modelling tool for simulating static DC reading operations of memristor crossbar arrays that use passive selectors with matrix algebra in MATLAB. The software tool was parallel coded and optimised to run with personal computers and distributed computer

In this paper we present a state-of-the-art infrastructure approach to detect and classify oral cancer from the hyperspectral imaging of investigating maxillofacial region. Oral and neck cancer is one of the rampant forms of cancer and this cancer is mostly experienced by socio-economic backward population. The hyperspectral image analysis is emerging as a non-invasive method for classification of

With the development of computer science, more and more hardware implementations can be reproduced by software programming, bringing compact, cheap, and fast components to imaging instrumentation. In recent years, computational methods have been introduced into spectral detection, and computational spectrum acquisition implementations have emerged. This paper highlights the advantages of computational

Traceability link recovery (TLR) is an important and costly software task that requires humans establish relationships between source and target artifact sets within the same project. Previous research has proposed to establish traceability links by machine learning approaches. However, current machine learning approaches cannot be well applied to projects without traceability information (links),

Unbalance or asymmetry in the distribution network is a well-known power quality issue. In the modern active distribution system, with the increasing penetration of renewables, this phenomenon becomes more pronounced. In the context of microgrids (MGs), several works have been proposed for the management and mitigation of the unbalance, for both the sharing of unbalanced load and maintaining the voltage

With the increasing demand for volume reduction and efficiency improvement, very high frequency (VHF) power converters (30–300 MHz) have attracted great interest. Under such high operating frequency conditions, the value and volume of passive components can be greatly reduced, and the power density can be improved. However, many concerns and challenges accompany the increasing operating frequency,

It is challenging to power a large number of gate drivers of the series-connected insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) in a high-voltage application because multiple isolated power supplies are needed. In this study, a novel wireless power transfer (WPT) system using repeater coils is designed to solve this problem. Every two repeater coils form a repeater unit, which transfers power to one load

This paper proposes a long-distance multi-load wireless power transfer (WPT) system with a constant voltage (CV) output for each load. A repeater unit consisting of two bipolar repeater coils is designed to power the load. Multiple repeater units are placed in a line and the power can be transferred from one unit to the next. Each repeater unit corresponds to one load and multiple loads can be powered

LLC resonant converter has been widely used in many applications due to its characteristics of high efficiency and high frequency characteristics. Analysis method plays great role in converter design and operation performance. For LLC resonant converter, the most frequently used analysis methods are frequency-domain analysis (FDA) and time-domain analysis (TDA). FDA assumes that only fundamental harmonics

A secondary phase-shifted dual-bridge converter with semi-active rectifier is able to perform buck–boost dc–dc conversion with soft-switching. However, it can not maintain zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation for all switches in a wide load range. Besides, the root mean square/peak tank current increases inversely with the decreasing of load in the light load region. To alleviate these problems and

Errors in the injected high-frequency circulating currents are originally investigated for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in low-speed drive operation. The mathematical analysis reveals that the magnitude and phase errors in the injected circulating currents cause serious energy imbalance in the MMC arms, resulting in large voltage fluctuations in the submodules. Furthermore, these fluctuations

A major concern of the power quality in distributed systems is related to the mitigation of voltage imbalances. This function can be implemented directly in the control system of the distributed generation power converters working simultaneously with the standard operation modes. This study presents a negative-sequence voltage elimination technique for distributed generators in grid-feeding operation

In renewable energy generation systems, the DC–DC converter with high voltage gain is indispensable, which is used to convert the low output voltage of photovoltaic (PV) cells and fuel cells to the high DC bus voltage. In this study, a cost-effective clamping capacitor boost (CCB) converter with high voltage gain is proposed. In the basis of the conventional boost converter, a clamping capacitor cell

This study reports a miniaturised discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) variable on-time (VOT) buck converter providing an output of 1.8 V in the input range of 3–12 V to support applications with large wireless coupling. Conventionally, an additional large capacitor has been used as a bootstrap capacitor to drive the high-side switch of buck converters, which prevents minimisation. In this study, a

Electric vehicle (EV) battery chargers operate from moderate switching frequency (MSF) to high switching frequency (HSF) to achieve high power density. To operate the HSF power electronic devices, the selection of gate drivers and its associated components is crucial. Laboratory developed gate driver circuits (GDCs) often fail to drive these HSF devices adequately due to noise vulnerability, PWM duty

Switched capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) with reduced components is attractive for higher number of voltage levels due to less implementation complexity and low cost. In this study, a new family of hybrid SCMLI for high frequency power distribution system is presented to eliminate the intermediate power conversion. Firstly, a five-level SCMLI employing a single voltage source is proposed, which

Wireless power transfer (WPT) offers the advantages of convenience, safety, low-maintenance, high reliability, and strong adaptability to the environment. This study proposes a design method to help LCC/S compensation topology achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS), which helps improve the efficiency of the system. The optimisation design of the magnetic coupling structure is conducted first via the

Accurate knowledge of induction machine parameters has a direct impact on the overall performance of field-oriented control strategies. In the case of rotor flux oriented control, parameter mismatch causes a discrepancy in the estimated rotor flux position and amplitude. Magnetising inductance is one of the parameters whose detuning has a direct impact on the setpoints of the control loops and estimation

In this study, a modified DC–DC converter is proposed, which can achieve a high voltage-gain exploiting both quasi-Z-source and switched-capacitor networks. In addition to the high voltage-gain, the proposed converter has low voltage stresses on its elements. The steady-state analysis in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes is given in this study. Moreover, the design of the passive elements

This paper presents the design and analysis of a three-level hybrid boost converter based on a single-phase three-level T-type inverter. The proposed converter can provide high energy conversion efficiency and high voltage gain capability with reduced component count. The pulse-width-modulation signals of the proposed converter are generated by comparing two duty cycles and two triangular carrier signals

The light rail vehicles (commonly known as tramways or lightly laid railways) offer environmental advantages and have evoked an impressive attraction. The hybrid energy-storage systems efficiently supply energy for the light rail vehicles during the travel. This study implements and analyses an ultracapacitor charger in hybrid energy-storage system for electric-vehicle applications. Moreover, an ultracapacitor

Several heuristic procedures to estimate the rotor position of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) via signal injection have been reported in the application literature, and are widely used in practice. These methods, based on the use of linear time-invariant (LTI) high-pass/low-pass filtering, are instrumental for the development of sensorless controllers. To the best of authors’

This study proposes a sensorless flux adaption direct torque and flux control (DTFC) for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), in which an maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) based on active flux and an adaptive second-order sliding mode observer (SOSMO) are adopted. Flux adaption DTFC is proposed based on the existing active flux concept. Thus, the stator current amplitude can be minimised

The work presents a modified switching strategy in a five-level torque controller while implementing a direct torque control scheme for the induction motor (IM) drive. Apart from the presence of conventional full-voltage vectors, the inclusion of intermediate- and zero-voltage vectors brings in the modification above in a five-level torque controller. Moreover, the estimation of flux in the scheme

In single-phase power and energy applications, sliding discrete Fourier transform (SDFT) filter based quadrature signal generation is a well-known tool for designing advanced phase-locked loops (PLLs), particularly for applications where high disturbance rejection ability is demanded. The SDFT-based PLL, nevertheless, has a limited ability in achieving fast response (a response time more than one cycle

This study proposes single-phase improved coupled-inductor (CL) Z-source (ZS) ac–ac converters with integrated high-frequency transformer (HFT) isolation. They can provide wide range of buck–boost voltage with same/reversed phase angle, similar to the existing ZS ac–ac converters. Meanwhile, integrating a HFT with CL in proposed converters benefit in two-fold: (i) the CL enhances the voltage gain,

In high-performance field-oriented control of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), an accurate rotor position is indispensable for the key roles in coordinate transformations. However, due to the rotor position offset error and the time delay in digital control systems, it is still challenging to obtain exact rotor position information. In this study, the influence of rotor position error

In this study, an active neutral point clamped-type boosting switched-capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) with self-voltage balancing capability is proposed. In the proposed topology, a novel switched capacitor cell is used, which has eight switches and two diodes. The presented topology has reduced power component count with self-boosting and balancing abilities. The distinctive features of the

Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is a technique where multiple cognitive radio users cooperate among themselves to make binary decisions about the presence of a primary user. The single cognitive user often faces the hidden terminal problem. However, CSS tackles this problem by sending local sensing-based decisions to the fusion centre. A major drawback of conventional energy detection is the poor

The wireless local area network indoor localisation method based on fingerprints has been widely researched and applied due to its higher positioning accuracy and lower cost. However, its engineering is limited because of the large offline workload and time-varying signal. To address these problems, an indoor localisation algorithm based on Markov state iterative analysis (MSIA) and fingerprint clustering

In the 5G system, different units probably do cooperation to satisfy the communication requirements. However, when network configuration is limited, these units may be difficult to adopt the globally cooperative style. In this case, local cooperation is considered. This study focuses on local cooperation, and mainly aims at interference mitigation between different units and receiving performance improvement

A new estimator for sparse time dispersive channels in pilot aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is developed by considering prior knowledge on channel time dispersions. The authors propose a weighted atomic norm minimisation (WANM) in order to incorporate the prior information into the estimator. The dual of the WANM is then converted to a tractable semidefinite programming

Besides promotion in the spectrum efficiency, orbital angular momentum (OAM) can bring additional benefits to physical layer security. In this study, the authors will highlight the benefit of covert transmissions to deal with the contradiction between transmission rate and security in the traditional direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) system. Based on OAM, a secure high-speed spread spectrum (SS)

Recently, polar codes were proposed by Arikan to achieve optimum channel capacity given by Shannon theorem with low encoding and decoding complexity. Polar code construction depends on two main foundation criteria which are kernel matrix and Bhattacharyya parameter. They are related to each other, therefore the selection method for both affects the performance of polar code. Firstly, in this study

Time-varying connectivity is one of main challenges faced by controlling a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the multipath fading channel, incurring low accuracy and significant convergence time of formation control law. To address this issue, in this study, a topology optimised based decentralised consensus is developed for controlling a multi-UAV system in a multipath fading channel, in

This study investigates information and secrecy capacity over broadcast channels through the use of directional modulation. The authors develop and demonstrate the utility of an antenna array control technique that provides communication devices with enhanced information and secrecy capacity by time-varying the array steering vectors using a novel beam control method. They show that an increase in

This study analyses in-phase and quadrature-phase imbalance (IQI) in large-scale multiple antenna systems and Rayleigh fading channel. Specifically, the authors compare between different approaches (using pilot-based or blind channel estimation processes) to remove the IQI effect at a base station equipped with massive number of antennas. They obtain closed-form expression for the asymptotic achievable

Video streaming has become increasingly popular in the Internet. Frequently, video transmissions are based on peer-to-peer networks, in which peers running on end-user hosts transmit data among themselves. An important security vulnerability of this strategy is that content can be easily altered by malicious users. Thus, it becomes essential to diagnose and fight content pollution in these systems

Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is the main parameter affecting the implementation cost of wireless transmitters utilising carrier aggregation in the end-users' channels. In each frequency band, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is exploited as the interface from the transmitter to the receiver, and carrier aggregation is implemented by SC-FDMA on each band. Hence, the

This study investigates the uplink performance of offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM)-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform in single-cell multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems over Ricean fading. An uplink training-based minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation by exploiting the inherent characteristics of OFDM/OQAM waveform

With the emergence of a large number of multi-core systems, many 3D routing schemes have been developed for network-on-chips (NoCs) in order to obtain low overhead and high-performance. Nevertheless, it is difficult to possess these characteristics for contemporary 3D routing algorithms. This study presents a new routing algorithm for 3D stacked NoCs based on the repetitive turn concept. The authors

The r th relative generalised Hamming weight (RGHW) of an linear code C and an subcode , a generalisation of generalised Hamming weight (GHW), characterises code performances of wiretap channel of type II, secure network coding, linear ramp secret sharing scheme, trellis complexity etc. In this study, the authors investigate non-asymptotic and asymptotic bounds on RGHW. In the non-asymptotic setting