Abstract. Cd1 − xAgxS nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple cost-effective chemical method in air atmosphere. We have achieved novel hybrid ternary nanoparticles of high quality. The prepared samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-Raman, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. The results

Abstract. In the framework of effective mass envelope function approximation, the impurity states in GaN / AlxGa1 − xN spherical quantum dot (QD) are calculated by plane-wave expansion method. The binding energies of the impurity in 1s and 2p± states and the transition energy between 1s state and 2p± state are calculated and analyzed in detail. Several critical influencing factors of impurity states

Abstract. We propose the two-stage cascaded-tapered silica photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for the supercontinuum (SC) generation. The cascaded-tapered silica PCF is designed to have a spatial periodic structure. The physical scenarios of the spectral broadening due to the interaction between the structure-induced periodic dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity under different pulse widths and peak powers are

Abstract. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) return signal generation technology applied in the LiDAR indoor test and simulation is significant to design, develop, test, and validate a LiDAR’s capability and performance. To generate a target’s information carried by the return signal, the dimensional decomposition and equivalent generation method of the LiDAR return signal are proposed. The target

Abstract. Video super-resolution (VSR) is an image restoration task, aiming to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) video from its down-sampled low-resolution (LR) version. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been applied to VSR successfully. Explicit motion estimation and motion compensation (ME&MC) module is commonly used in the previous CNNs-based methods to better exploit input frames’ temporal

In order to solve the problem of high energy consumption caused by node overload in complex network flow, a simulation load separation control algorithm based on complex network flow is proposed. According to the characteristics of complex network flow, combined with the characteristics of traffic in the network, a tree combined classifier is designed to discretize the complex network, analyze the

Providing a high level of Quality of Service is essential for future wireless networks. This article presents a new multihop wireless routing protocol that opportunistically takes profit from variations of radio conditions in terms of path loss, shadowing and multipath fading to maximize the system capacity. However, guaranteeing high system capacity should not evade the packet delay minimization objective

In wireless communication, the sender needs to select an optimal wireless channel from several available ones. However, the instantaneous channel state is time-varying with unknown statistics. Therefore, the channel selection must be based on channel observation. Before the packet arrives, the sender needs to observe the channel state in the observation period. And then the sender transmits packets

In adaptive filters, variable step-size-based algorithms have demonstrated better performance than conventional least mean square (LMS) and normalized LMS (NLMS) algorithms in terms of convergence speed, mean square error (MSE), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement. Recently, adaptive filters have been recommended to be implemented on field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices due to their

In this letter, re-evaluation results of a 60-GHz-band digital beamforming antenna using a dual-feed linear polarized 2 × 2 circular patch array antenna is reported. The extension from our previous report is providing new measurement data under the condition of all intermediate frequency (IF) signal usage by re-fabrication, although we reported imperfect measurement results using the IF signals only

Abstract syntax trees (ASTs), control flow graphs (CFGs), and data flow analysis (DFA) are prerequisites for static and dynamic analysis and vulnerability detection for programs; thus, obtaining them is significant. Recently, many tools related to generating ASTs, CFGs, and DFA have been proposed. However, most tools can only construct ASTs, very few can construct ASTs and CFGs, and almost none can

This paper is concerned with an event-triggered controller deign based on high gain adaptive backstepping for switched uncertain nonlinear systems. The proposed controller can be applied to switched systems with uncertain control coefficient and does not have a compensation term for the error between the current control signal and last updated control signal. These advantages are obtained due to the

Machine learning (ML) has become a rising sophisticated technological application trend in the electrical industry in recent years. Such innovation provides optional methodologies for many existing applications, such as power and load profile forecasting, reliability evaluation, substation behavior detection and state observation of electrical equipment, and so on. This paper presents a review of various

The proposed all-optical circuit utilizes the deep sub-wavelength confinement properties of plasmonic metal–insulator–metal waveguides. All-optical priority encoder accepts \({2}^{n}\) inputs and produces \(n\) outputs. The priority encoder is designed using the plasmonics waveguide-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer (P-MZI). The P-MZI works as an all-optical switch. The switching of the signal depends

Cracking of sintered silver layer always leads to the reliability issues in power devices. In this paper, the cracking behaviors of sintered silver layer have been investigated through numerical analysis with fracture based method. Energy release rate of various interfacial cracks and vertical cracks in sintered silver are computed. It is found that the energy release rate of interfacial crack and

In this paper, we study the multi-domain switching dynamics for a metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor (MFIS) type negative capacitance Fin Field Effect Transistor (NC-FinFET) for a 10 nm technology node. To study its characteristics, we develop a SPICE model for multi-domain NC-FinFET. Our proposed model is based on Feynman’s pedagogical model of microscopic origin of ferroelectricity. We develop

In this paper, a small-signal model of Negative Capacitance FETs (NCFETs) is developed and the analog performance of NCFETs is studied using the developed model. A new ferroelectric factor K is introduced to capture the ferroelectric gain in NCFETs as compared to traditional small signal MOSFET/FinFET models. Using our new NCFET small-signal model, we show analog design trade-offs between various analog

ABSTRACT In this paper, sampling Theorems for perfect signal reconstruction using samples of a signal taken below the Nyquist rate involving nonlinear signal reconstruction technique are presented. The presented results are in contrast with the linear time-invariant filtering based signal reconstruction in the celebrated Shannon sampling theory. It is shown that using kth order nonlinearity in the

In recent times, the prominence of permanent magnet BLDC motor is highly proliferating in all domestic, commercial, and industrial appliances, including the electric vehicle (EV) drives. The present research explicates the interfacing of a solar panel and grid with the electric vehicle like electric train. To produce higher dc voltage with a negligible switching loss, a novel interleaved SEPIC converter

For any industry, an important part of quality control is the detection and identification of defects of the products. During the manufacturing process, a wide range of defects occur on or in the products. These defects have an impact on its esthetics and functionality of the end-product. Their ability to compete in the market and the manufacturing costs are to be compromised if they are not detected

This paper presents the mathematical modeling and optimal trajectory tracking control of a 3-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulator, commonly known as Maryland manipulator. Three unlike sequential trajectories are considered, and the trajectory-tracking control of a manipulator is performed by the LQR-PID controller. The tuning of LQR-PID is done by using the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), a meta-heuristic

Vertical organic thin-film transistors can be used to create complementary circuits that operate at high frequencies.

A flexible microprocessor with more than 18,000 NAND gates can be manufactured using metal-oxide thin-film transistor technology.

Interpretability has made significant strides in recent years, enabling the formerly black-box models to reach new levels of transparency. These kinds of models can be particularly useful to broaden the applicability of machine learning-based systems to domains where—apart from the predictions—appropriate justifications are also required (e.g., forensics and medical image analysis). In this context

The local damage detection procedures in rotating machinery are based on the analysis of the impulsiveness and/or the periodicity of disturbances corresponding to the failure. Recent findings related to non-Gaussian vibration signals showed some drawbacks of the classical methods. If the signal is noisy and it is strongly non-Gaussian (heavy-tailed), searching for impulsive behvaior is pointless as

A sub-/super-synchronous interaction (sub-/super-SCI) can occur between a voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) and the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind farms with long AC transmission lines. However, the influencing factors have not been properly analyzed. In this paper, these are deconstructed and mathematically analyzed from detailed small-signal

The distribution of disk output voltage is a key factor for the design of an insulated core transformer (ICT) high-voltage power supply. The development of an ICT involves the design and optimization of many parameters, which greatly affect the uniformity of disk output voltage. A new ICT structure with dummy primary windings can compensate for the disk output voltage, which aims to improve uniformity

Electrical stimulation of the nervous system is commonly based on biphasic stimulation waveforms, which limits its relevance for some applications, such as selective stimulation. We propose in this paper a stimulator capable of delivering arbitrary waveforms to electrodes, and suitable for non-conventional stimulation strategies. Such a system enables in vivo stimulation protocols with optimized efficacy

The discriminative object tracking system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is widely used in numerous applications. While an ample amount of research has been carried out in this domain, implementing a low computational cost algorithm on a UAV onboard embedded system is still challenging. To address this issue, we propose a low computational complexity discriminative object tracking system for UAVs

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a key technology for network automation and has been instrumental to materialize the disruptive view of 5G and beyond mobile networks. In particular, 5G embraces NFV to support the automated and agile provision of telecommunication and vertical services as a composition of versatile virtualized components, referred to as Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). It

In the past few years, people’s attitudes toward early childhood education (PAUD) have undergone a complete transformation. Personalized and intelligent communication methods are highly praised, which also promotes the further focus on timely and effective human–computer interaction. Since traditional English learning that relies on parents consumes more time and energy and is prone to errors and omissions

The demand for a local oscillator (LO) signal of high quality and integrity in local area network (WLAN) communication is growing with the increasing date rate. The LO signals for high data rate WLAN applications are desired to not only have proper shape waveforms and adequate voltage amplitude but also to achieve relatively stable and clean outputs with low phase noise and low spur. Fractional-N frequency

Purpose The purpose of this study is to present a systematic investigation of the effect of high temperatures on transport characteristics of nitrogen-doped silicon carbide nanowire-based field-effect transistor (SiC-NWFET). The 3C-SiC nanowires can endure high-temperature environments due to their wide bandgap, high thermal conductivity and outstanding physical and chemical properties. Design/methodology/approach

Purpose Recently, reverse logistics (RL) has become more prominent due to growing environmental concerns, social responsibility, competitive advantages and high efficiency by customers because of expansion of product selection and shorter product life cycle. However, effective implementation of RL results in some direct advantages, the most important of which is winning customer satisfaction that is

Due to the short peak observation time of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), the accuracy of the tropospheric delay estimation and the positioning are poor. In this study, a rapid GNSS network solution for mountainous regions is presented. The high-precision tropospheric delay at ground points is obtained from long-term ground observation data and used as a priori constraint in the double-difference

Metamaterial-based microwave sensor having novel and compact structure of the resonators and the slotted microstrip transmission line is proposed for highly precise measurement of dielectric properties of the materials under test (MUTs). The proposed sensor is designed and simulated on Rogers’ substrate RO4003C by using the ANSYS HFSS software. A single and accumulative notch depth of -44.29 dB in

Considering the conventional federated filtering-based fault-tolerant integrated navigation system is difficult to be implemented by serial data processing circuits, this paper presents navigation switching strategy-based SINS/GPS/ADS/DVL fault-tolerant integrated navigation system to guarantee the reliability of integrated navigation system under sensor faults. When sensor failure appears, SINS and

Internet of vehicles (IoV) is gradually combined with connected autonomous vehicles (CAV), which accelerates the development of CAV. In order to meet the service requirements of CAV, mobile edge computing (MEC) provides IoV with a novel paradigm which provides services by fast processing vehicle tasks at the road side units distributed near target vehicles. In this way, vehicle tasks can be offloaded

The allocation of minimum power with guarantee of minimum rate in passive optical network optical code division multiple access (PON-OCDMA) networks is analyzed considering heuristic optimization methods such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and four variants. The base of the power-rate adaptive PON-OCDMA is the multi-length 2-D wavelength-hopping/time-spreading code called multiple-length extended

This paper presents the combination of energy harvesting (EH) at the wireless sensor and cooperative communications for low-power wide-area (LPWA) systems. Firstly, the Internet of Things sensor harvests the energy from the power beacon with multiple transmit antennas via radio frequency signals and then uses the harvested energy to transmit signals to multiple gateways with multiple receive antennas

Purpose This study aims to present two stage pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor-based low noise amplifier (LNA) designed using low temperature co-fire ceramic (LTCC) technique for ultra-high frequency (UHF) band. The LNA operates in the frequency range of (400∼500) MHz which is suitable for wireless communication applications. Design/methodology/approach This LNA uses resistive capacitive

Abstract In this article, a novel semi-blind channel estimation scheme for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication system is studied and implemented for quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel, in which channel matrix H remains relatively constant throughout the block. Channel matrix H can be decomposed as a rotation matrix Q and down triangular matrix R. The triangular matrix R is estimated

Abstract This paper presents a compact fractal antenna operating in the frequency range of 3.1–10.6 GHz that is designed, simulated and tested for UWB application. In the present days, the broadband wireless technology gained popularity due to its large bandwidth, high data rate and low complexity. In 2002 the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) allocated a frequency band of 3.1–10.6 GHz (UWB) for

Abstract The paper deals with a dual wide band micro-strip line fed compact antenna consisting of wide circular slot. The proposed antenna is designed on FR-4 dielectric material having εr = 4.3. The antenna is fed by 50 Ω microstrip line and the optimized volumetric dimension of the proposed antenna is 36×36×1.6 mm3. A wide circular slot is cut from the ground plane resulting in dual nature of antenna

Abstract This study considers a new measure of distortions of speaker speech sounds that is invariant with respect to the gain of speech signal in a communication channel. Properties of the measure are investigated in comparison with its closest analogues. A series of theoretical features has been proved. The new measure is shown to combine advantages of the symmetric Itakura distance in relation to

Abstract The influence of temperature and ionized radiation on the properties of current stabilizers, based on JFETs with p–n-junction as a gate and MOSFETs in saturation mode at two-pole connecting when the gate and source are closed, is experimentally investigated. It is shown that current temperature coefficient of the JFET is negative, and the one of the second type is positive. Connecting a stabilizing

Abstract The reconstruction of tomograms in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been considered for different degrees of transverse gradient instability of magnetic field. A method for minimizing the impact of deviation of resultant points of signal measurements from regular positions on the quality of reconstructed tomograms was proposed. The ultimate values of parameters of field gradient instability

Abstract This paper presents S11 measurements of a flat, slotted, sub-mm sized antenna, integrated with a Schottky diode; the overall structure being termed a ‘multenna’ in description of its action to radiate a signal beam field that is a higher order harmonic of the signal beam field it receives. The multenna is constituted of two square slots; one tuned to receive at the frequency of 100 GHz and

In order to improve the transmission stability of sensor networks, a sensitive data mining method based on Pan Boolean algebra is proposed. According to the output correctness, reliability and operation efficiency of wireless sensor network, this paper analyzes the characteristics of sensitive data, extracts and clusters the associated features of sensitive data, establishes the information clustering

Superconducting DC energy pipeline incorporates HTS DC cables and the LNG pipeline, and the overall efficiency is improved compared to the conventional HTS DC cables. In the energy pipeline, LNG is cooled down to 90 K at which Bi2223 tapes can still conduct moderate currents although the critical current density Jc at 90 K drops to about half of that at 77 K. According to the power law, three-dimensional

The potential application of the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) in a voltage source convert (VSC) system has received lots of attention. On the basis of the fault current limiting characteristics, this paper evaluated the loss level of saturated iron-core FCLs (SI-SFCLs) in a VSC-based distribution grid. The models of VSC network and the SI-SFCL model were respectively developed. Then

With the development of superconducting energy storage technology, inductors are becoming a promising choice for pulsed power supplies. In our previous work, an improved repetitive inductive pulsed power supply circuit with ICCOS (inverse current commutation with semiconductor devices) technique was studied, which used a pulse transformer as the energy storage unit. To facilitate the analysis of the

Recent developments in multilevel inverters have provided impetus for their applications in the medium voltage renewable energy generation processes. This paper proposes an advanced pulse width modulation technique for a modular multilevel cascaded (MMC) inverter based grid integrated solar photovoltaic (PV) system. It offers lower total harmonic distortion (THD) and power losses compared to the existing

Transverse-flux structure is a potential choice for switched reluctance linear machines (SRLMs) to enhance electromagnetic thrust density. A transverse-flux single-phase SRLM combined with tubular shape, which is a tubular SRLM (TSRLM), is proposed in this paper. There are four stator poles on the cross section of its stator for increasing effective flux path and maximizing flux linkage. To increase

This paper presents a newly designed piezoelectric thin film polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor that is able to measure short-circuit force directly in a short-circuit test. The sensor, with its advantages of high sensitivity, thin shape and shock-resistant, could measure the axial and radial short-circuit force which is usually difficult to measure due to large voltage and small gap between transformer

Aiming at the characteristics of low intelligence of the current motor cluster and superconducting electrical equipment monitoring system, high construction and maintenance costs of wired transmission methods. The wireless sensor network constructed by LoRa technology is applied to the motor operating state monitoring system, while the data transmission efficiency of the system is improved by optimizing

The levitation force in the high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev system has obvious nonlinear characteristics. When the excitation frequency and amplitude meet certain conditions, nonlinear vibration phenomena such as period-doubling bifurcation would appear. Nonlinear vibration will bring difficulties to dynamic analysis and even affect the safety and comfort of driving. While an electromagnetic

The interaction between the superconductor and the permanent magnet guideway (PMG) is very important in the system of high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev. At present, HTS maglev has entered the key stage of engineering application. In order to study its dynamic characteristics and stability under higher speed conditions, an ultra-high-speed maglev test rig is developed to undertake this research

The world's first high temperature superconducting(HTS)magnetic levitation (maglev) engineering prototype vehicle and test line were officially put into use at Southwest Jiaotong University, China, on January 13 th , 2021. This event means that HTS maglev has now made the leap in the engineering research. The influence of the suspension parameters on the random vibration of vehicle is an important