In an electrostatic precipitator (ESP), the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow induced by the corona discharge is formed from the coupling of ionic wind and primary flow. This kind of non-laminar flow has a notable impact on submicron particle collection. The barbed tubular electrode is commonly used in industrial dust removal due to its high corona discharge intensity and fine particle collection efficiency

Superconducting 499.8-MHz radio frequency (rf) cavities have been proposed for the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a 6-GeV diffraction-limited synchrotron light source currently under construction in Beijing. Being an active third-harmonic system, two cavities shall provide 3.5-MV rf voltage and 400 kW of beam power to enable a complex rf gymnastics required by a novel injection scheme. Adopting

In the process of power compensation of the superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) in the power grid, the existence of ac loss and eddy current loss will cause the magnet to heat up, and temperature rise is the main factor limiting the power output capability of SMES. This article proposes a state assessment method (SAM) that considers the temperature rise of the magnet. This method

Among renewable energy sources the sun is certainly one of the easiest to exploit. Solar panels allow generating electrical energy but they generally have low efficiency. It is therefore important to optimize a solar module to maximize its energy production. Faults can have for example a big impact on the amount of energy production, and should be avoided if possible. This goal can be achieved by designing

This paper presents a third-order multi-stage noise-shaping (MASH) ΔΣ time-to-digital converter (TDC). An FPGA development board of Altera Stratix IV was used to implement the prototype of the proposed TDC. Multirating technique is employed in this work to improve the performance over conventional TDCs. Measured results demonstrate considerable influence of multirating technique on enhancing signal-to-noise

In order to improve the thermal conductivity of semiconductor materials, the application of nano materials in the thermal conductivity analysis of semiconductor materials is proposed. According to the requirements of electronic microstructure analysis of semiconductor nanomaterials, transmission electron microscope is selected. The innovation of this paper is to establish the thermal conductivity model

Thin Vicalloy wires with bistable magnetization states exhibit a fast magnetization reversal when excited by an external magnetic field. The reversal is accompanied by a large Barkhausen jump that is independent on the rate of change of the external field. For indirect observation of the large Barkhausen jump and for many sensor applications, a pickup coil is used in general. The amplitude of the voltage

For an ultrahigh areal-density bit-patterned magnetic recording, system performance is severely degraded by intertrack interference (ITI). Rate-4/5 and rate-5/6 modulation codes were introduced to avoid data patterns that can cause severe ITI. However, their decoders might not be able to correctly perform for data patterns that do not match with their look-up tables during the decoding process. To

ABSTRACT Plant disease classification using image processing techniques is a prominent and challenging area of research. We have developed a novel classification technique to classify, especially spot and blight diseased leaf images of four different plant species. In this technique, we have dealt with the infection patterns manifested on leaves. The infection patterns seem to correlate with diseases

ABSTRACT Infrared thermography lends countless applications in biology and veterinary science. The popularity of the use of infrared imaging in the detection and mitigation of animal diseases has increased recently because of its non-invasiveness, ease of automation and keen sensitivity. The current review addresses the applicability of thermographic imaging for the diagnosis of common swine diseases

The ocean and human activities related to the sea are under increasing pressure due to climate change, widespread pollution, and growth of the offshore energy sector. Data, in under-sampled regions of the ocean and in the offshore patches where the industrial expansion is taking place, are fundamental to manage successfully a sustainable development and to mitigate climate change. Existing technology

Achieving high data rate transmission is critically constrained by green communication metrics in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A unified metric ensuring a successful compromise between the energy efficiency (EE) and the spectral efficiency (SE) is, then, an interesting design criterion in such systems. In this paper, we focus on EE-SE tradeoff optimization in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

Fabric defect detection is a crucial quality control step in the textile manufacturing industry. In this article, a machine vision system based on the Sylvester Matrix-Based Similarity Method (SMBSM) is proposed to automate the defect detection process. The algorithm involves six phases, namely, resolution matching, image enhancement using Histogram Specification and Median–Mean-Based Sub-Image-Clipped

We revisit the complex interplay between the Raman-induced frequency shift (RIFS) and the effect of self-steepening (SS) in the propagation of solitons, and in the framework of an equation that ensures strict conservation of the number of photons. The generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) is shown to severely fail in preserving the number of photons for sub-100-fs solitons, leading to

In this work, high-power tandem-pumped random fiber lasers are investigated in detail. A 6.5 W random fiber laser seed centered at 1070 nm with a half-open cavity structure was built. Boosted by two amplifier stages, the random fiber laser achieved a power of several kilowatts. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) mitigation is challenging in tandem-pumped fiber lasers. To suppress SRS, several methods

Feed screws are used in various industrial machines and robots to convert rotational motions into linear motions. Mechanical screws, such as ball screws and slide screws, transmit force via frictional contacts through which noise and heat are being generated; thus, the drive efficiency is decreased. To address these problems, we have proposed some types of magnetic lead screws (MLSs) without spiral

Internet of Things (IoT) is a new concept in Information and Communications Technology and its structure is based on smart objects communications. It contributes to controlling, managing, and administrating devices through the Internet. IoT is emerging as a key component of the Internet and a vital infrastructure for millions of interconnected objects. Thus, the security of IoT is highly important

This paper is concerned with the problem of \(H_{\infty }\) control for a class of uncertain switched singular systems with time-varying state delays under asynchronous switching. The asynchronous phenomenon is caused by the choice of controller lagging behind the corresponding subsystem in practice. First, sufficient conditions by finding a novel piecewise Lyapunov–Krasovskii function combining with

In this work the design and implementation of a High-Speed Four-Quadrant CMOS Analog multiplier is presented. The proposed multiplier uses the Gilbert cell as the main core. However, instead of processing both input and output signals in voltage or current mode, the “x” input signal is applied in voltage mode while the “y” input signal and “o” output signal are processed in current-mode. This approach

Time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs) have been considered as a very promising solution for high-speed direct sampling receivers. However, channel mismatches reduce the TIADC’s performance significantly. Therefore, calibration of these mismatches is emerging to maintain the performance of these TIADCs. This paper proposes a fully digital background calibration technique for multiple

Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) is an integral component of CSMA based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols employing channel sensing during transmission. The channel sensing mechanism is a cross-layer scheme where CCA operates at the PHY layer, used on the transmitter and receiver side, impacting the MAC layer, including the node's energy consumption and overall throughput. This paper evaluates IEEE

This contribution presents the procedure to synthesis the voltage-mode active biquad filters using the active elements, voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VD-DIBA). Two filtering categories, single input four output (SIFO) configuration and three input three output (TITO) configuration are proposed. Both proposed filters consist of two VD-DIBAs, two grounded capacitors and

This article is objected to present a new fully/electronically controllable voltage-mode Schmitt trigger based on a modified voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA). It can offer both counterclockwise (CCW) and clockwise (CW) functions, without changing circuit topology. The proposed Schmitt trigger comprises merely one VDGA and three resistors. The hysteresis and amplitude of the output voltage

In this paper, an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction transistor on a wide band gap material substrate is designed and simulated with Silvaco TCAD software. The substrate material used in this work is β gallium oxide(β-Ga2O3). The cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency of the device extracted are 82 and 360 GHz, respectively, which are better compared to those of recently reported works. These values

An all-digital multiplying delay-locked loop (MDLL)-based clock multiplier featuring a time-to-digital converter (TDC) to achieve fast power-on capability is presented. The proposed MDLL adopts a new offset-free cyclic Vernier TDC to achieve a fast lock time of 15 reference clock cycles while maintaining a wide detection range and high resolution. The proposed offset-free TDC also uses a correlated

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) events can severely damage miniature components. Therefore, ESD protection is critical in integrated circuits. In this study, drain-electrode-embedded horizontal Schottky diode contact modulation and Schottky length reduction modulation were performed on a high-voltage 60-V n-channel laterally diffused metal-oxide–semiconductor transistor (nLDMOS) element. The effect of

Selecting the most suitable filter method that will produce a subset of features with the best performance remains an open problem that is known as filter rank selection problem. A viable solution to this problem is to independently apply a mixture of filter methods and evaluate the results. This study proposes novel rank aggregation-based multi-filter feature selection (FS) methods to address high

A multi-nanosheet field-effect transistor (mNS-FET) device was developed to maximize gate controllability while making the channel in the form of a sheet. The mNS-FET has superior gate controllability for the stacked channels; consequently, it can significantly reduce the short-channel effect (SCE); however, punch-through inevitably occurs in the bottom channel portion that is not surrounded by gates

Hand gestures based sign language digits have several contactless applications. Applications include communication for impaired people, such as elderly and disabled people, health-care applications, automotive user interfaces, and security and surveillance. This work presents the design and implementation of a complete end-to-end deep learning based edge computing system that can verify a user contactlessly

Digital potentiometers are substantial components for the design of many mixed-signal electronic circuits and systems. Their capability to program resistance value almost instantly provides hardware designers an additional level of freedom. Unfortunately, this feature is limited to DC and lower frequencies, due to parasitic effects. Nowadays, memristors as continuously tunable resistors are becoming

This paper introduces groundbreaking research on how to assess the cable length limit (CLL) to ensure effective protection by Z-source Circuit Breakers (ZCBs) in DC power networks. It has been revealed that the line parameters of power cables have a significant impact on the cutoff performance of ZCBs. The question of assessing the CLL has been raised as an unsolved problem. In this paper, a method

Indoor air quality typically encompasses the ambient conditions inside buildings and public facilities that may affect both the mental and respiratory health of an individual. Until the COVID-19 outbreak, indoor air quality monitoring was not a focus area for public facilities such as shopping complexes, hospitals, banks, restaurants, educational institutes, and so forth. However, the rapid spread

Molecular dynamics simulations take advantage of supercomputing environments, e.g., to solve molecular systems composed of millions of atoms. Supercomputers are increasing their computing and memory power while they are becoming more complex with the introduction of Multi-GPU environments. Despite these capabilities, the molecular dynamics simulation is not an easy process. It requires properly preparing

The openness of Android operating system not only brings convenience to users, but also leads to the attack threat from a large number of malicious applications (apps). Thus malware detection has become the research focus in the field of mobile security. In order to solve the problem of more coarse-grained feature selection and larger feature loss of graph structure existing in the current detection

Increasing levels of autonomy impose more pronounced performance requirements for unmanned ground vehicles (UGV). Presence of model uncertainties significantly reduces a ground vehicle performance when the vehicle is traversing an unknown terrain or the vehicle inertial parameters vary due to a mission schedule or external disturbances. A comprehensive mathematical model of a skid steering tracked

The problem of joint power and admission control (JPAC) is a critical issue encountered in underlay cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Moving forward towards the realization of Fifth Generation (5G) and beyond, where optimization is envisioned to take place in multiple performance dimensions, it is crucially desirable to achieve high sum throughput with low power consumption. In this work, a multi-objective

The aim of this work is to tackle the problem of modulation wave shaping in the field of near field communication (NFC) radio frequency identification (RFID). For this purpose, a high-efficiency transmitter circuit was developed to comply with the strict requirements of the newest EMVCo and NFC Forum specifications for pulse shapes. The proposed circuit uses an outphasing modulator that is based on

As transportation becomes more convenient and efficient, users move faster and faster. When a user leaves the service range of the original edge server, the original edge server needs to migrate the tasks offloaded by the user to other edge servers. An effective task migration strategy needs to fully consider the location of users, the load status of edge servers, and energy consumption, which make

Historical network traffic retrieval, both at the packet and flow level, has been applied in many fields of network security, such as network traffic analysis and network forensics. To retrieve specific packets from a vast number of packet traces, it is an effective solution to build indexes for the query attributes. However, it brings challenges of storage consumption and construction time overhead

As a promising topic of research, Vehicular Cloud (VC) incorporates cloud computing and ad-hoc vehicular network (VANET). In VC, supplier vehicles provide their services to consumer vehicles in real-time. These services have a significant impact on the applications of internet access, storage and data. Due to the high-speed mobility of vehicles, users in consumer vehicles need a mechanism to discover

Bond wire lift-off will cause an increase of remaining wires’ power dissipation, which usually is ignored for healthy modules. However, only partial wires’ power dissipation transfers through thermal path from junction to case, which will lead to overestimate the whole power dissipation from collector to emitter pole and underestimate the calculated thermal resistance using the proportion of temperature

The active contour model is a comprehensive research technique used for salient object detection. Most active contour models of saliency detection are developed in the context of natural scenes, and their role with synthetic and medical images is not well investigated. Existing active contour models perform efficiently in many complexities but facing challenges on synthetic and medical images due to

In this paper, we present the concept and the prototype implementation of our novel “Smart Observatory of Involuntary Medical Seizures (SOIMS)”. SOIMS merges Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN), Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) as an intelligent platform for the prediction and modelling of involuntary seizures. The prediction process is elaborated with our proposed algorithms, namely

In this article, Terahertz spherical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is mathematically formulated and simulated at 511 THz for LiDAR and retinal photoreceptor applications. Titanate DR element is used at optical design frequency. It is validated with good S11, radiation pattern and 5.6 dBi gain plots using HFSS simulator. Unique mathematical formulation on super directivity and radiated states is

Journal Name: Frequenz Volume: 75 Issue: 1-2 Pages: i-iii

The recent technological enhancement in the communication and computing paradigm paves way for the development of next‐generation ubiquitous IoT systems and applications. Moreover, the 5G and technology beyond are making huge differences on both computing and communication services. As the connectivity increases, the sheer volume of things connected through wireless mode for various real‐time applications

In recent years, it has been discovered that the magnitude of the connection node voltage is affected by the output power from a photovoltaic (PV) generator and the line impedance when the PV generator, in an increasing trend, is introduced into the distribution system. In this paper, power flow is qualitatively discussed using basic circuit theory comprising the voltage and current vector diagram

In the present work, multiple non existing model order reduction (MOR) techniques for unstable second‐order form systems (SOSs) are proposed. For unstable SOSs, continuous‐time algebraic Lyapunov equations get unsolvable that halt the reduction process. To avoid this problem, unstable SOS is first decomposed into stable and unstable portions and balanced truncation is applied to the stable part. The

In order to develop a detection system of abnormal situations (such as accidents) for a person living alone, SOM (self‐organizing map) of only daily activity sound recorded with a broadband microphone, and detection of abnormal situation are investigated. The SOM was divided into three regions containing 98.9, 1.0, and 0.1% of the number of learned vectors, and transition of the vectors of simulated

In this work, a new protocol is proposed for sender-based responsive techniques on energy, mobility, and effective routing for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It addresses diverse challenges in packet routing especially, node mobility, energy optimization, and energy balancing in WSNs communication. The proposed protocol improves the basic Quality of Service (QoS) metrics such as Delay, Hop-Count

In recent times, impedance networks have been developed to overcome the limitations and problems of traditional VSI / CSI and various traditional dc-dc converter networks. From then on, impedance source converters replace the entire range of power electronic converters: dc-dc (converters), dc-ac (inverters), ac-dc (rectifiers), ac-ac frequency regulators (matrix converters). In addition, the impedance

In this paper, a novel shaped and conformal, 14.8 mm × 14.8 mm sized unit cell on a flexible substrate, showing DNG phenomena at C (4–8 GHz) and X band (8.8–10.5 GHz, 11.2–11.6 GHz) is designed. The metamaterial offers 6.1 GHz of whole DNG region, transmission coefficient with stopband of 8.6 GHz ranging from 2 to 16 GHz and a broad 10 GHz NRI region from 2 to 12 GHz. The 1 × 2, 2 × 2, and 4 × 4 array

Ternary logic is a promising alternative to classical binary logic as it offers the benefits of reduced interconnect, higher operating speed and smaller chip area. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to implement the 3–2 compressor and 4–2 compressor circuits using the futuristic carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFET). A CNTFET unique feature of geometry dependent threshold variation

Considering the escalating rates of exhaustion of non-renewable energy resources, coupled with the harmful environmental side effects of harnessing them (e.g. damage to public health via air pollution), the need for a near-complete transition to renewable energy production seems inevitable. In recent times, renewable energy production has seen a strong support from investors, governmental initiatives

Software risk prediction is the most sensitive and crucial activity of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It may lead to the success or failure of a project. The risk should be predicted earlier to make a software project successful. A model is proposed for the prediction of software requirement risks using requirement risk dataset and machine learning techniques. In addition, a comparison is

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising paradigm for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) networks. Although D2D communication provides several benefits, including limited interference, energy efficiency, reduced delay, and network overhead, it faces a lot of technical challenges such as network architecture, and neighbor discovery, etc. The complexity of configuring D2D links

Cardiovascular diseases have been reported to be the leading cause of mortality across the globe. Among such diseases, Myocardial Infarction (MI), also known as “heart attack”, is of main interest among researchers, as its early diagnosis can prevent life threatening cardiac conditions and potentially save human lives. Analyzing the Electrocardiogram (ECG) can provide valuable diagnostic information

Based on the background of a mine, this study aimed to improve underground wireless communication. The study selected Zigbee technology from many wireless technologies as the basis, expounded the technical advantages and disadvantages, and addressed its disadvantages. First, the modulation technology of Zigbee was improved. This article selects and describes O-QPSK technology from three modulation