Blockchain, pivotal in shaping the metaverse and Web3, often draws criticism for high energy consumption and carbon emission. The rise of sustainability-focused blockchains, especially when intersecting with innovative wireless technologies, revises this predicament. To understand blockchain's role in sustainability, we propose a three-layers structure encapsulating four green utilities: recording

It has been more than three years since the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued the Report and Order (R&O) and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM) for the 6 GHz (5.925-7.125 GHz) band on April 24, 2020, permitting unlicensed use on a shared basis [1]. Since then, many countries have followed the U.S. lead in allowing unlicensed use over the entire 1.2 GHz band, while others

Current changes of information creation, sensing, sharing, and consumption in our community, business, and industry have stimulated data traffic surge. Next generation communication networks are evolving with the goal of providing high data rate, stringent latency, and ubiquitous services. Optical wireless communication (OWC) systems are being actively developed with combined benefits from advanced

Wireless optical transmission has been included in 6G framework as a promising solution to break through the bottleneck of radio transmission in limited bandwidth as well as to facilitate the integrated space-air-ground network. Since the laser beam is vulnerable to atmospheric conditions, cooperative communication is introduced as a viable way to enhance the received signal strength of wireless optical

Terahertz and optical wireless communications (OWC) technologies have been considered as promising enablers that have potential to contribute equally to the realization of a sixth-generation (6G) wireless future. Experimental demonstrations show that, although inherently different, both technology types can support multi-kilometer Tbit/s wireless data transmission, which is a key goal set by almost

As communication technology continues to develop, the demand for capacity and spectrum resources is also increasing. With the abundant spectrum resources and high energy efficiency, optical wireless communication (OWC) has become one of the key technologies in future wireless communication systems. However, due to the high frequency characteristics of optical signals, traditional OWC systems, such

This article introduces the general concepts of light fidelity (LiFi) 2.0 for sixth generation (6G) of wireless networks that will be based on indoor laser-based wireless networks capable of achieving aggregate data-rates of terabits per second as widely accepted as a 6G key performance indicator. The main focus of this article is on the technologies supporting the near infrared region of the optical

Fiber to the Room (FTIR) is an evolution of the Fiber to the Home (FTTH) technology that relies on an in-home passive optical network and WiFi6 access points in each room to deliver Gb/s data rates with consistent and ubiquitous quality of service to residential users. This article examines FTIR scenarios and system design challenges, with a particular emphasis on the wireless access segment. Specifically

Free space optical communication (FSO) systems have recently regained great interest as a potential wireless interconnecting solution for 6G era, thanks to their ability to meet the main requirements of high capacity, low latency, energy efficiency, dense connectivity, and high level of security against interception. In this article, we first review the main challenges and opportunities that FSO systems

Front-haul is an important sub-system in 5G centralized, collaborative, cloud, and clean radio access network (C-RAN), which connects base stations and distributed units. However, it is still a challenge to achieve manageable cost-effective front-haul supporting 12-channel transmission over 10 km G.652.D fibre. Currently, a novel front-haul approach based on so-called medium wavelength-division multiplexing

Optical wireless communication technology has become an effective supplementary access method in the future 6G communication due to its advantages of high bandwidth and low cost. However, the limited communication distance and unfavorable weather seriously affect the quality of service of optical wireless communication. How to plan the heterogeneous topology composed of base stations and terminals

The concepts of Metaverse and Web 3.0 have surged in popularity, heralded as the “successor to the mobile Internet.” Web 3.0 represents a transformative shift in the Internet landscape, emphasizing user-centric decentralization. These core principles of Web 3.0 find their fullest realization in the Metaverse, which represents the next evolutionary stage of the Internet. The Metaverse envisions a seamless

The Metaverse, as the next-generation Internet, disrupts the physical world to create an immersive virtual digital realm. Its implementation relies on key enablers, including virtual reality, AI, blockchain, and 6G. However, these technologies involve computationally intensive operations with high energy consumption, posing a challenge to the sustainability of the Metaverse. A promising approach is

Metaverse enables users to communicate, collaborate and socialize with each other through their digital avatars. Due to the spatio-temporal characteristics, co-located users are served well by performing their software components in a collaborative manner such that a Metaverse service provider (MSP) eliminates redundant data transmission and processing, ultimately reducing the total energy consumption

Metaverse is a multidimensional virtual world that integrates digital twin space technology. It is an interactive and integrative process with the physical world, involving virtualization and digitization of the real world. The high demands of the metaverse on transmission latency, processing speed, and security pose significant challenges to network load. In this article, we study an online distributed

Metaverse applications would play a vital role in 6G. To meet the diverse requirements of different services in Metaverse and also satisfy the demands for green communication, the University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB) has constructed a 6G platform and implemented key technologies on it. This article introduces the artificial intelligence (AI) based USTB 6G framework, and focuses on the

With the continuous improvement and development of the metauniverse concept, numerous new technologies have emerged to address the new demands, including big data technology, artificial intelligence technology, immersive interaction technology, and decentralized network ecological technology. However, the large-scale deployment and usage of these technologies have raised concerns about energy consumption

Nowadays, researchers have started to conceptualize Metaverse with the vision of constituting a fully immersive, hyper spatiotemporal, and persistent interconnected virtualized world. Such network evolution poses sustainability concerns due to its enabling technologies, such as compute-intensive Artificial Intelligence (AI) and energy-consuming blockchain. Combining distributed learning and blockchain

Various metaverse applications have entered our daily life and show a promising trend that will occupy people's attention in the era of Web3. This makes interoperability across metaverses become one of the fundamental technologies in the context of multiple metaverse platforms. The aim of interoperability is to provide a seamless service for users when their requests interact with multiple metaverses

The Metaverse aims to provide an immersive and interactive experience for people by digitizing the physical world to the virtual world using sensing, communication, and computation technology. However, the seamless transmission of massive data in the communication network and the intensive computation brought by large models in the Metaverse have raised concerns over energy consumption and carbon emissions

The Metaverse offers a highly immersive virtual world where users interact with others and objects in real time through their avatars. The integration of Internet of Things (loT) devices plays a pivotal role in achieving seamless synchronization between these two realms. In this article, we explore the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for image capture and data transmission to base stations

This paper exploited ultra-low cost, commodity, and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags as elements of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The batteryless tags exploited in this work are powered and controlled by a software-defined radio (SDR) reader to assist a source-destination link operating at a different carrier frequency. Generally speaking, a near-field, squared-shaped RIS can

As an evolving successor to the mobile Internet, the Metaverse creates the impression of an immersive environment, integrating the virtual and real world. In contrast to the traditional mobile Internet based on servers, the Metaverse is constructed by billions of cooperating users by harnessing their smart edge devices and having limited communication and computation resources. In this immersive environment

First and foremost, I would like to take this opportunity to announce the 2022 Exemplary Technical Editors of IEEE Wireless Communications: Gabor Foder of Ericsson Research, Sweden, and Sukyoung Lee of Yonsei University, Korea. This recognition acknowledges their exceptional commitment to conducting timely reviews and providing constructive feedback. Their dedication and expertise in evaluating scholarly

The 6G wireless technology is expected to support extreme communication requirements in terms of throughput, latency, and reliability, as well as seamless interconnection of every object, processes, and people. The connectivity will be expanded to include wearables, bio-implants, intelligent machines, and vehicle components. To effectively represent the real world in a digital world for augmenting

Understanding actual usage of spectrum, versus spectrum allocations, has always been a challenge, even for regulatory agencies, such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the National Telecommunication and Information Administration (NTIA) in the U.S., and other national regulatory agencies worldwide. This is true for both federal and non-federal allocations. While there have been numerous

The standardization of the 5G technology led to a rapid paradigm shift in mobile network architecture and industry practice. All three constituent mobile network segments, the access network, transport network, and the core network, undergo massive upgrades in 5G. The cloud-native 5G core network architecture and disaggregated open radio access network gained tremendous popularity and attention from

The concept of the Metaverse has grown in popularity as “the successor to the mobile Internet.” While there exist light versions of the Metaverse today, they are still far from realizing the full vision of an immersive, embodied, and interoperable Metaverse. Without addressing the issues of implementation from the perspective of communication, computation, and networking, the Metaverse is difficult

The Metaverse is a connected virtual space that has recently emerged as a new frontier for human interaction and experiences. For ideal immersive Metaverse experiences, perpetual data traffic poses stringent requirements on computation latency, communication bandwidth, data privacy, and transmission delay. Semantic communication with machine learning provides a nascent paradigm shift from context-agnostic

To facilitate the deployment of digital twins in Metaverse, the paradigm with semantic awareness has been proposed as a means for enabling accurate and task-oriented information extraction with inherent intelligence. However, this framework requires all devices in the Metaverse environment to be directly linked with the semantic model to enable faithful interpretation of messages. In contrast, this

For vehicular Metaverses, one of the ultimate user-centric goals is to optimize the immersive experience and Quality of Service (QoS) for users on board. Semantic Communication (SemCom) has been introduced as a revolutionary paradigm that significantly eases communication resource pressure for vehicular Metaverse applications to achieve this goal. SemCom enables high-quality and ultra-efficient vehicular

The Metaverse is the post-reality universe, a perpetual and persistent multiuser environment merging physical reality with digital virtuality. It is a new type of Internet application and social form that integrates a variety of new technologies. The realization of the Metaverse has extremely high demands on the communication traffic density, which needs a new communication technology. Semantic communication

In contrast to my previous practice, I would like to begin by highlighting the Industrial Perspectives column. Recent train accidents have underscored the critical importance of safety in the rail industry. To address this, it is timely to introduce a dedicated industry column focusing on the current state and planned evolution of the rail sector, while emphasizing the role of communication and computing

The recent train accidents [5]–[7] focused much attention on the safety of the rail industry sector. It is timely to have an industry column dedicated to the current state, as well as to the planned evolution of the rail industry, and to the role played by communication and computing technologies for an accident-free rail sector.

As the “traditional” mid-band frequencies of sub-6 GHz get allocated for various services, there has been increasing focus on the 7–24 GHz band for the next generation of terrestrial mobile wireless systems to find a home in. On May 18, 2023, the U.S. Federal Communication Commission (FCC) voted unanimously to adopt new rules for the 12.2-13.25 GHz band that would permit such services in part of the

The book of “Reinforcement Learning for Maritime Communications” provides valuable insights into improving the reliable and secure communication performance of maritime communications using intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), privacy-aware Internet of Things (IoT), intelligent resource management, and location privacy protection. Particularly it highlights the application of reinforcement learning

Future wireless communications aim to meet multifarious quality-of-experience (QoE) requirements for emerging applications, such as autonomous driving, personalized healthcare, and the Internet-of-Everything (IoE). In particular, in human-computer interaction scenarios, humans may simultaneously control multiple IoE devices using speech and augmented/ virtual reality commands, thus, making the communication

Semantic communication is regarded as the breakthrough beyond the Shannon paradigm, which transmits the semantic information only to improve the communication efficiency significantly. This article first introduces a framework for the generalized semantic communication system, which exploits the semantic information in both the multimodal source and the wireless channel environment. Subsequently, the

Semantic communication has become a widely researched area due to its high spectrum efficiency and error correction capabilities. Some studies used deep learning to extract semantic features, typically resulting in end-to-end semantic communication systems that are difficult to adapt to varying wireless environments. Therefore, new semantic-based coding methods and performance metrics were investigated

Semantic communication is an important component in the next generation of wireless networking. Enabled by this novel paradigm, the conventional Internet-of-Things (IoT) is evolving toward the semantic IoT (SIoT) to achieve significant system performance improvements. However, traditional wireless communication security techniques for bit transmission cannot be applied directly to the SIoT that focuses

Semantic communication is considered as a promising enabler for saving gradually exhausted spectrum resources due to its innovative idea of aggressively extracting critical information. Although the learnable semantic-aware codec brings exciting compression gains, its data-driven kernel endogenously incurs conflicts between data utilization and privacy protection. Namely, the data utility loss hurts

Communications systems to date are primarily designed with the goal of reliable transfer of digital sequences (bits). Next generation (NextG) communication systems are beginning to explore shifting this design paradigm to reliably executing a given task, such as in task-oriented communications. In this article, wireless signal classification is considered as the task for the NextG Radio Access Network

A Graph Neural Network (GNN) conducts the graph convolution for structured data and obtains the weighted sum over the vertices according to its graph structure. However, in the context of a wireless network, the traditional separate implementation of a GNN usually requires the full channel state information, which is hard to obtain in practice, especially for the underlying interference channels. On

Task-oriented semantic communication (TOSC) has significant advantages in reducing the amount of data transmission and alleviating the scarcity of spectrum resources. Unlike traditional communication, the resource allocation in semantic communication is tightly linked to target intelligent tasks and specific interaction requirements. In this article, the intelligent resource allocation in a task-oriented

Driven by the interplay among artificial intelligence, digital twin, and wireless networks, 6G is envisaged to go beyond data-centric services to provide intelligent and immersive experiences. To efficiently support intelligent tasks with customized service requirements, it becomes critical to develop novel information compression and transmission technologies, which typically involve coupled sensing

Sixth-generation (6G) networks are evolving toward new features and order-of-magnitude enhancement of systematic performance metrics compared to the current 5G. In particular, the 6G networks are expected to achieve extreme connectivity performance with Tbps-scale data rate, Kbps/Hz-scale spectral efficiency, and $\mu\mathrm{s}$ , -scale latency. To this end, an original three-layer 6G network architecture

The sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks are expected to feature the ubiquitous deployment of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms at the network edge. With rapid advancements in edge AI, the time has come to realize intelligence downloading onto edge devices (e.g., smartphones and sensors). To materialize this version, we propose a novel technology in this article called in-situ

Since the advent of high speed communications and reliable computing devices, it is indispensable to study how to process information and computations appropriately to deal with the requested tasks. In particular, for task-oriented environment, the virtual emotion informatics can be deliberated, which covers a series of detection, data sharing, transmission, governance, and management supported by

Driven by the increasing demand for executing intelligent tasks in various fields, multi-agent system (MAS) has drawn significant attention recently. An MAS relies on efficient communication between agents to exchange task-relevant information, so as support cooperative operation. Meanwhile, traditional communication systems are bit-oriented, which neglect the content and task relevance of the transmitted

The envisioned sixth-generation (6G) of wireless networks will involve an intelligent integration of communications and computing to meet the urgent demands of task-oriented applications. To realize the concept of the smart radio environment, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are becoming promising options for offering programmable propagation of impinging electromagnetic signals via external

In the upcoming 6G era, network communication will no longer be focused solely on indicators, such as bandwidth and latency. The influx of distributed service nodes and gradually perfected deep learning theories are now pushing the network communication environment into a wave of intelligence. In the 6G era, more emphasis will be placed on the immersive experience of humans in the space where perception

The fifth generation (5G) communication systems have seen initial success in boosting a broad spectrum of mobile networked applications. However, emerging applications, notably immersive eXtended Reality (XR), have already posed significant new challenges to today's 5G given their ultra-high expectations on data rate and latency. They also demand a deep integration of communication and computation

With the advanced development of digital twin (DT), mobile virtual reality, augmented reality, and tactile internet, metaverse has re-emerged as a new form of internet. However, it is still a long way off from fully achieving the immersive and pervasive metaverse experience. First and foremost, the wireless communications, networking, and computing for DT are still in their infancy, especially, to

Network agility, automation, and intelligence are at the forefront of the next-generation networks (NGNs) vision, which aims to provide zero-touch service management and self-optimizing networks. In this article, we give an overview of the significance of artificial intelligence (Ali-enabled NGNs, their projected benefits, design requirements, and critical challenges for evolving heterogeneous softwarized

In the metaverse, the concept of the digital twin has been expanded from modeling industrial manufacturing to the counterpart of physical objects in cyberspace. The cyber digital twin is updated using real-time data and reasoning to improve decision-making, which imposes a high computational demand on the mobile edge. Mobile edge computing (MEC) provides computing resources for mobile devices to handle

The journey to the next decade of smart cellular connectivity, sixth-generation (6G) networks, has already begun, even though 6G is still in its nascent stages and far from its deployment. In telecommunications, 6G networks have gained the attention of the industry and academia. 6G is planned to succeed the 5G standard with almost 100 times greater speed. One of the exciting features of 6G is Edge

Terahertz and higher frequency band wireless communication technologies represent the most promising spectrums for 6G networks. Compared to 4G/5G networks, 6G networks operate in a higher frequency band with greater propagation and penetration losses, which may bring serious challenges to network planning and green communications. The digital twin (DT) technology is able to model and simulate wireless

To address the limitations of the current proactive content caching technology for the 6th generation (6G) mobile network, this article comprehensively analyzes the complex application scenarios of proactive content caching technology for wireless edge networks. It constructs an accurate content popularity prediction model, develops a user-device-oriented proactive content caching mechanism, establishes

Benefiting from the promise of sixth generation (6G) wireless networks, multimodal machine learning based on exploiting complementarity among video, audio, and haptic signals, becomes a key enabler for human intention recognition, which is critical to realize effective human-robot collaboration in Industry 4.0 scenarios. However, as multimodal human intention recognition is limited by expensive equipment

With the breakthroughs of sixth-generation (6G), immersive services are beginning to receive a tremendous amount of interest, that is, 6G immersive services. The 6G immersive services involve various wearable devices to provide a high-quality perception of virtual scenes for users. The active participation of service users (SUs) and service providers (SPs) makes the rapid proliferation of wearable