Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.

Welcome you to the second issue of the IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials in 2022. This issue includes 14 papers covering different aspects of communication networks. In particular, these articles survey and tutor various issues in “Network Security,” “Network and Service Management and Green Communications,” “Wireless Communications,” “IoT and M2M,” “Network Virtualization,” “Vehicular and

As smartphones have become indispensable personal devices, the number of smartphone users has increased dramatically over the last decade. These personal devices, which are supported by a variety of smartphone apps, allow people to access Internet services in a convenient and ubiquitous manner. App developers and service providers can collect fine-grained app usage traces, revealing connections between

Data centers are experiencing unprecedented growth as the fourth industrial revolution’s supporting pillars and the engine for the future digitalized world. However, data centers are carbon-intensive enterprises due to their massive energy consumption, and it is estimated that data center industry will account for 8% of global carbon emissions by 2030. Meanwhile, both technological and policy instruments

Vehicular networks promise features such as traffic management, route scheduling, data exchange, entertainment, and much more. With any large-scale technological integration comes the challenge of providing security. Blockchain technology has been a popular choice of many studies for making the vehicular network more secure. Its characteristics meet some of the essential security requirements such

Future Internet involves several emerging technologies such as 5G and beyond 5G networks, vehicular networks, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks, and Internet of Things (IoTs). Moreover, the future Internet becomes heterogeneous and decentralized with a large number of involved network entities. Each entity may need to make its local decision to improve the network performance under dynamic and

Wireless networks are a key component of the telecommunications infrastructure in our society, and wireless services become increasingly important as the applications of wireless devices have penetrated every aspect of our lives. Although wireless technologies have significantly advanced in the past decades, most wireless networks are still vulnerable to radio jamming attacks due to the openness nature

Network slicing has been widely agreed as a promising technique to accommodate diverse services for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Smart transportation, smart energy, and smart factory/manufacturing are the three key services to form the backbone of IIoT. Network slicing management is of paramount importance in the face of IIoT services with diversified requirements. It is important to have

Millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) radio access technologies (RAT) are expected to become a critical part of the future cellular ecosystem providing an abundant amount of bandwidth in areas with high traffic demands. However, extremely directional antenna radiation patterns that need to be utilized at both transmit and receive sides of a link to overcome severe path losses, dynamic blockage

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has emerged as a key enabling technology to realize smart and reconfigurable radio environment for wireless communications, by digitally controlling the signal reflection via a large number of passive reflecting elements in real time. Different from conventional wireless communication techniques that only adapt to but have no or limited control over dynamic wireless

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.

I Welcome you to the first issue of the IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials in 2022. This issue includes 22 papers covering different aspects of communication networks. In particular, these articles survey and tutor various issues in “Internet Technologies”, “IoT and M2M”, “Network and Service Management and Green Communications”, “Network Security”, “Vehicular and Sensor Communications”, and

The next wave of wireless technologies is proliferating in connecting things among themselves as well as to humans. In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), billions of sensors, machines, vehicles, drones, and robots will be connected, making the world around us smarter. The IoT will encompass devices that must wirelessly communicate a diverse set of data gathered from the environment for myriad

The integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), in which the sensing and communication share the same frequency band and hardware, has emerged as a key technology in future wireless systems due to two main reasons. First, many important application scenarios in fifth generation (5G) and beyond, such as autonomous vehicles, Wi-Fi sensing and extended reality, requires both high-performance sensing

By enabling autonomous vehicles (AVs) to share data while driving, 5G vehicular communications allow AVs to collaborate on solving common autonomous driving tasks. AVs often rely on machine learning models to perform such tasks; as such, collaboration requires leveraging vehicular communications to improve the performance of machine learning algorithms. This paper provides a comprehensive literature

The industrial environment poses strict requirements to the infrastructure of good and service production and delivery. Communications are not an exception. Wired systems currently dominate in factory premises for their robustness in complex and noisy propagation conditions. They also present ruggedness in front of malicious attackers aiming to bring the communication system down or take over the system

With the proliferation of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, acoustic sensing attracts significant attention in recent years. It exploits acoustic transceivers such as microphones and speakers beyond their primary functions, namely recording and playing, to enable novel applications and new user experiences. In this paper, we present the first systematic survey on recent advances in ubiquitous acoustic

Quantum key distribution (QKD) constitutes a symmetric secret key negotiation protocol capable of maintaining information-theoretic security. Given the recent advances in QKD networks, they have evolved from academic research to some preliminary applications. A QKD network consists of two or more QKD nodes interconnected by optical fiber or free space links. The secret keys are negotiated between any

Decentralized, distributed storage offers a way to reduce the impact of data silos as often fostered by centralized cloud storage. While the intentions of this trend are not new, the topic gained traction due to technological advancements, most notably blockchain networks. As a consequence, we observe that a new generation of peer-to-peer data networks emerges. In this survey paper, we therefore provide

Many emerging communication applications transmit packets with small payloads, yet require rich metadata context for the proper functioning of the various involved protocol layers. Packet header compression becomes vital to efficiently support these emerging communication applications in resource-constrained environments, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). As a basis for the survey of the existing

Wireless communication at the terahertz (THz) frequency bands (0.1–10 THz) is viewed as one of the cornerstones of tomorrow’s 6G wireless systems. Owing to the large amount of available bandwidth, if properly deployed, THz frequencies can potentially provide significant wireless capacity performance gains and enable high-resolution environment sensing. However, operating a wireless system at high-frequency

Cellular networks have changed the world we are living in, and the fifth generation (5G) of radio technology is expected to further revolutionise our everyday lives by enabling a high degree of automation, through its larger capacity, massive connectivity, and ultra-reliable low-latency communications. In addition, the third generation partnership project (3GPP) new radio (NR) specification also provides

With rapid development of enabling technologies such as Internet of Things, robotics, and big data, the fourth industrial revolution known as “Industry 4.0” (I4.0) has become a great opportunity for productivity innovation around the world. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), as a typical implication of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in I4.0 era, has attracted significant attention. It aims at optimizing

Owing to the swift growth in cyber attacks, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have become a necessity to help safeguard personal and organizational assets. However, with the increasing size of computer networks, it becomes difficult for a stand-alone IDS to identify sophisticated and advanced threats, such as DDoS attack, due to the lack of contextual information and knowledge regarding the deployed

With increasing connectivity, more and more advanced forms of cooperation among vehicles have become possible. Research has shown that vehicle-to-vehicle communication can improve road safety. However, more recent research advances regarding complex interactions such as cooperative maneuver negotiation have not yet gained much attention. Thus, in this survey, we analyze proposals for maneuver coordination

Machine Learning (ML) models are susceptible to adversarial samples that appear as normal samples but have some imperceptible noise added to them with the intention of misleading a trained classifier and misclassifying the input. Adversarial Machine Learning (AML) was initially coined following upon researchers pointing out certain blind spots in image classifiers in computer vision field which were

In this tutorial paper, we look into the evolution and prospect of network architecture and propose a novel conceptual architecture for the 6th generation (6G) networks. The proposed architecture has two key elements, i.e., holistic network virtualization and pervasive artificial intelligence (AI). The holistic network virtualization consists of network slicing and digital twin, from the aspects of

Detection techniques for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) have gained a lot of attention in both academia and industry. Detection techniques have a significant impact on the massive MIMO receivers’ performance and complexity. Although a plethora of research is conducted using the classical detection theory and techniques, the performance is deteriorated when the ratio between the numbers

Densification of network base stations is indispensable to achieve the stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of future mobile networks. However, with a dense deployment of transmitters, interference management becomes an arduous task. To solve this issue, exploring radically new network architectures with intelligent coordination and cooperation capabilities is crucial. This survey paper

Reliable data collection techniques, whose aim is to ensure that sensed data are received successfully by a sink, are essential for applications in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). However, traditional data collection with Radio Frequency (RF) functions poorly in UWSNs due to peculiar features of underwater. Moreover, acoustic communication creates challenges for the reliability of data

The terrestrial networks face the challenges of severe cost inefficiency and low feasibility to provide seamless services anytime and anywhere, especially in the extreme or hotspot areas (e.g., disaster areas, mountains, and oceans) due to limited service coverage and capacity. The integration of multi-dimensional networks consisting of space, air, and ground layers is expected to provide solutions

Space-air-ground-sea integrated network (SAGSIN), which integrates satellite communication networks, aerial networks, terrestrial networks, and marine communication networks, has been widely envisioned as a promising network architecture for 6G. In consideration of its cooperation characteristics of multi-layer networks, open communication environment, and time-varying topologies, SAGSIN faces many

Green communications have always been a target for the information industry to alleviate energy overhead and reduce fossil fuel usage. In the current 5G and future 6G eras, there is no doubt that the volume of network infrastructure and the number of connected terminals will keep exponentially increasing, which results in the surging energy cost. It becomes growing important and urgent to drive the

I welcome you to the fourth issue of the IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials in 2021. This issue includes 23 papers covering different aspects of communication networks. In particular, these articles survey and tutor various issues in “Internet Technologies,” “Network Security,” “Network Virtualization,” “Optical Communications,” “Vehicular and Sensor Communications,” and “Wireless Communications

Trusted third parties (TTPs) are frequently used for serving as an authority to issue and verify transactions in applications. Although the TTP-based paradigm provides customers with convenience, it causes a whole set of inevitable problems such as security threats, privacy vulnerabilities, and censorship. The TTP-based paradigm is not suitable for all modern networks, e.g., 5G and beyond networks

Online advertising has become the backbone of the Internet economy by revolutionizing business marketing. It provides a simple and efficient way for advertisers to display their advertisements to specific individual users, and over the last couple of years has contributed to an explosion in the income stream for several Web-based businesses. For example, Google’s income from advertising grew 51.6%

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is threat information intended for security purposes. However, use for incident response demands standardization. This study examines the broader security incident response perspective. Introducing 18 core concepts, we assist efforts to establish and assess current standardization approaches. We further provide the reader with a detailed analysis of 6 incident response

Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as an attractive and viable technique to provide effective solutions for a wide range of application domains. An important application domain is vehicular networks wherein ML-based approaches are found to be very useful to address various problems. The use of wireless communication between vehicular nodes and/or infrastructure makes it vulnerable to different types

The Internet of Things (IoT) has continued gaining in popularity and importance in everyday life in recent years. However, this development does not only present advantages. Indeed, due to the number of sensitive and private data produced by IoT systems, they have become the new privileged targets for cyberattackers. At the same time, Machine Learning (ML) has gained a phenomenal success in various

Non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes show higher error-correcting performance than binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes when the codeword length is moderate and/or the channel has bursts of errors. The need for high-speed decoders for future digital communications led to the investigation of optimized NB-LDPC decoding algorithms and efficient implementations that target high

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have found widespread commercial, civilian, and military applications. Wireless communication has always been one of the core technologies for UAV. However, the communication capacity is becoming a bottleneck for UAV to support more challenging application scenarios. The heavily-occupied sub-6 GHz frequency band is not sufficient to meet the ultra high-data-traffic requirements

Towards a fully connected intelligent digital world, 5G and beyond networks experience a new era of Internet of intelligence with connected people and things. This new era brings challenging demands to the network, such as high spectral efficiency, low-latency, high-reliable communication, and high energy efficiency. One of the major technological breakthroughs to cope with these unprecedented demands

Mobile network is evolving from a communication-only network towards one with joint communication and radar/radio sensing (JCAS) capabilities, that we call perceptive mobile network (PMN). Radio sensing here refers to information retrieval from received mobile signals for objects of interest in the environment surrounding the radio transceivers, and it may go beyond the functions of localization, tracking

Optical wireless communication (OWC) using intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) has a channel model which possesses unique features, due to the constraints imposed on the channel input. The aim of this tutorial is to overview results on the capacity of IM/DD channels with input-independent Gaussian noise as a model of OWC channels. It provides the reader with an entry point to the topic

Underwater swarm robotics is an emerging topic. Compared to individual autonomous vehicles, high-capacity communication links are required between the mobile agents. In this tutorial, suitable communication technologies are studied, with emphasis on LED-based underwater optical wireless communications. A comprehensive overview about challenges, advances, and practical aspects of underwater swarm robotics

The advanced notebooks, mobile phones, and Internet applications in today’s world that we use are all entrenched in classical communication bits of zeros and ones. Classical Internet has laid its foundation originating from the amalgamation of mathematics and Claude Shannon’s theory of information. However, today’s Internet technology is a playground for eavesdroppers. This poses a serious challenge

Sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks will have to cope with diverse threats on a space-air-ground integrated network environment, novel technologies, and an accessible user information explosion. However, for now, security and privacy issues for 6G remain largely in concept. This survey provides a systematic overview of security and privacy issues based on prospective technologies for 6G in the physical

In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, vehicles and other intelligent components in an intelligent transportation system (ITS) are connected, forming vehicular networks (VNs) that provide efficient and safe traffic and ubiquitous access to various applications. However, as the number of nodes in an ITS increases, it is challenging to satisfy a varied and large number of service requests with different

I Welcome you to the third issue of the IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials in 2021. This issue includes 18 articles covering different aspects of communication networks. In particular, these articles survey and tutor various issues in “Wireless Communications,” “Internet Technologies,” “IoT and M2M,” “Network and Service Management and Green Communications,” “Network Security,” “Network Virtualization

This paper presents the first comprehensive tutorial on a promising research field located at the frontier of two well-established domains, neurosciences and wireless communications, motivated by the ongoing efforts to define the Sixth Generation of Mobile Networks (6G). In particular, this tutorial first provides a novel integrative approach that bridges the gap between these two seemingly disparate

The LoRa radio technology is one of the most prominent choices in the Internet of Things Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) industry due to its versatile and robust technical characteristics along with its ability to achieve long communication ranges combined with low energy consumption and reduced cost. One of the main issues in LoRa networks is how many end-devices can be reporting efficiently