The various structures and working conditions make gearbox fault recognition (GFR) more challenging. This article presents a new penalty domain selection machine (PDSM) enabled transfer learning for GFR study. The domain selection rules are designed using the band-selective independent component analysis to obtain the relation between different sensor locations and fault components for signal separation

The conventional model predictive control (MPC) suffers from high common-mode voltage (CMV) magnitude and large current ripples. In this article, the reduced CMV MPC strategy with double vector (RCMV-MPCDV) is proposed for three-level inverters, which adopts double vector to reduce the CMV and current ripples simultaneously in per-sampling period. First, based on geometric relationship of median, a

In this article, we propose a predictive model technique based on combined control for distributed generation unit (DGU) driven by the uncontrolled prime mover. The DGU constitutes of a permanent magnet synchronous generator, along with back-to-back converter, and is operated to supply distributed load at fixed voltage and frequency. The model predictive control is developed by using two cost functions

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Transmission lines and rotating machines that widely exist in power systems should be accurately modeled in real-time electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation for obtaining precise results for hardware-in-the-loop applications. In the conventional EMT simulator, the time-step is fixed, which may lead to inefficiencies when the time constants of the system change. The adaptive time-stepping (ATS)

In this article, a decentralized energy management strategy (EMS), which is derived from the conventional droop control, is proposed for the auxiliary power unit composed of multiple fuel cells (FCs) and supercapacitors (SCs) of a more electric aircraft. By utilizing a virtual inductor droop scheme to the FC converter and a virtual resistor droop scheme to the SC converter, the proposed EMS is able

A power electronic converter based transmission line emulator (TLE) is presented in this paper. The TLE can emulate medium and long lines in steady-state and symmetrical faults occurring at any point in the line. A traveling wave based numerical scheme for the emulation of the line is identified and then implemented on a novel digital architecture in the field-programmable gate array part of a system

Modular multilevel converters (MMC) are complex systems, composed of many elements, and exposed to critical load demands in some cases. Thereby, a detailed design of its components is of preeminent importance to achieve a high system-level reliability. However, the high number of devices challenges the tradeoff between cost and reliability. This article, introduces a reliability-oriented design methodology

It is necessary to suppress the emission level of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) for the power electronics converters, and the variable switching frequency pulsewidth modulation (VSFPWM) is an alternative approach to reduce conducted EMI without adding bulky passive components. However, the experimental results indicate that many obvious EMI spikes in spectrum remain so that the conducted

Two novel floating capacitor voltage balancing schemes are proposed in this article, which enhance the linear modulation range of single-source seven-level inverters having floating capacitor fed H-bridge units. Extreme pole voltage levels associated with cascaded H-bridge units can be used for enhancing dc bus utilization. But, these pole voltage levels lack redundant switching states, which limits

The use of rotary assembly platforms is common in several automation applications, such as in bottle filling and capping systems. One of the problems that designers have to address is how to supply the electric actuators, sensors, and process controllers located on the rotating disk of the machine. The traditional solution is to use slip-ring contacts. However, they suffer from aging, and thus, a scheduled

Permanent magnet magnetic geared machine (PM-MGM) is widely researched as a potential core component of electrical continuously variable transmission system. Due to the dual mechanical port structure, back electromotive force (EMF) characteristics of PM-MGMs are quite different from that of conventional permanent magnet (PM) machines. In this article, back EMF harmonic features of PM-MGMs are thoroughly

This article investigates an enhanced model predictive torque control (MPTC) strategy to improve the fault-tolerant capability of a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive under open-circuit fault operation. The conventional fault-tolerant MPTC is focused on the control of the stator flux amplitude and the torque in the fundamental subspace, suffering from the influences of the unregulated

To improve the power quality of dc traction power supply system (DC-TPSS), a magnetic-integrated multipulse rectifier transformer (MI-MPRT) with a tight impedance equalizing strategy is proposed in this article. The configuration and winding-arrangement of MI-MPRT are introduced, and by integrating multiple windings on a same iron core, the volume and cost of the proposed transformer can be decreased

The recent emergence of wide bandgap power devices enables higher switching frequencies in electric motor drives. The subsequent possibility for higher efficiency and smaller size requires accurate prediction of harmonic losses in motors. Therefore, in this article, an original analysis of harmonic losses arising in inverter-fed two-pole slotless permanent-magnet machines with axially segmented ring

This article deals with the design and laboratory implementation of a full-scale physical simulator of an all-silicon carbide (SiC) traction motor drive for light-rail transit systems (LRTS) with onboard supercapacitor energy storage system (ESS). It consists of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier representing the 750 V dc catenary line, a three-phase two-level PWM traction inverter to drive a

Utilization of the integrated gate-commutated thyristor as a semiconductor switch in the series resonant converter for isolated medium-voltage dc–dc conversion offers an opportunity for high conversion efficiency while operating at the high switching frequency. Low conduction losses of the switch as well as decreased switching losses due to zero-voltage turn- on and low-current turn- off in the subresonant

For the open-winding permanent-magnet synchronous generator system with a common dc bus, in order to improve the steady-state control performance of conventional prediction control and simultaneously reduce the calculation burden, a zero-sequence current suppression method based on the prediction of three-dimensional reference voltage is proposed in this article. First, the voltage vector used by prediction

Medium voltage insulated gate bipolar transistors are fast switching devices that require low gate drive power. They inherently generate high voltage and current gradients during switching transitions. These are generally limited by retarding the changes of the gate charge. Additional gate resistors are usually installed for this purpose. The drawback is high switching losses. A novel method is described

The conventional phase current reconstruction strategies utilize a dc bus current sensor to reproduce the three-phase currents during phase current sensor faults. However, no current sensor is guaranteed to be healthy in an actual drive. It means that the only survived current sensor may not be accidentally located at the dc bus side, and it can also be at the phase side. In addition, previous studies

Benefiting from flexible flux control and short-circuit withstand ability, the hybrid excitation machine is an emerging starter generator solution for hybrid electric vehicle propulsion. However, to realize a brushless hybrid design in conventional permanent magnet machines, a three-dimensional magnetic circuit is usually adopted, leading to complicated mechanical structure and torque density sacrifice

In this article, two aspects of a synchronous optimal pulsewidth modulation (SOPWM) strategy for inverter control are considered. First, a fundamental current estimation method is proposed, which eliminates the undesired harmonics in the measured currents and allows us to integrate the SOPWM strategy into a field-oriented control scheme without the need of an observer. The main features of this method

In portable devices, such as notebook computers and tablet personal computers, one or more battery strings with multiple lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells have been used since long. Life cycle and safety of the Li-ion battery strings are crucial aspects. A battery management system (BMS) is required for monitoring the status of each cell and balancing their state of charge (SoC). However, most conventional

Directional radiation (DR), a distinguishing feature of a microwave power transmission (MPT) system, suitably shapes and properly steers an intensified beam toward a specific target area. Coupling more radiated energy to the receiving aperture, DR technique benefits system efficiency and brings great flexibility, which entails further investigation. This article addresses DR realization from a system

In this article, three cascaded transformer multilevel inverters (CTMIs) are proposed. One of the topologies employs cascaded transformers coupled to three-level (3L) neutral-point clamped (NPC) legs, of which one is shared between the transformers. The other two are based on cascaded transformers associated to 3L NPC and two-level (2L) legs, where one 2L leg is shared between the transformers. The

This article proposes a novel zero-voltage switching (ZVS) dc–dc converter to improve the performances of the traditional phase-shifted full-bridge converter. In the primary side, two half-bridge converters (HBCs), leading-HBC, and lagging-HBC are placed in parallel and are driven in a phase-shifted control. The secondary side is a current doubler rectifier (CDR) circuit consisting of four rectified

In this article, we deal with the onboard fast energy conversion system (FECS) that is installed in a wireless railway train (WRT), which receives electrical energy not from the wayside device but from the onboard device when traveling between stations, after getting such energy stored by fast charging during its stopping time at a station. The adopted input-series and output-independent architecture

This article proposes and implements a continuously adjustable capacitor for multiple-pickup wireless power transfer (WPT), aiming to enhance the energy security performance under single-power-induced energy field. With the accelerated development and commercialization of WPT, the energy security issue shows the increasing significance for multiple-pickup WPT systems, where the induced open radial

In this article, design and development of a new input-parallel output-series buck-boost converter (IOBBC) is presented, which produces high voltage gain, multiple output voltage, better efficiency, and exhibits lesser ripples in output voltage as well as in source current. IOBBC is based on the parallel–series combination of two different topologies of buck-boost converters (BBCs), where two converters

In this article, a multi-input multi-output sliding mode control methodology with constant switching frequency for single-phase quasi-Z-source inverters (qZSI) is proposed. The mathematical model of the entire system is derived in state-space form. The proposed sliding mode control is capable of controlling both dc and ac sides of the system concurrently. Unlike the existing methods, the proposed control

Bidirectional inductive power transfer (BIPT) systems are of particular interest for electrical vehicles for their enabling power to exchange between grid and vehicle. In BIPT systems, it is critical to keep the voltage phasors of the primary-side and secondary-side converters synchronized to regulate the power flow. In this article, the basic operation and steady-state characteristics of the BIPT

The droop-free control for ac microgrids achieves active power sharing and frequency regulation by replacing the centralized secondary control and the primary-level droop mechanism by a cooperative distributed control strategy. This article analyses the performance of the droop-free control when an islanded microgrid suffers electrical and communication failures. The microgrid is modeled by two connected

In this article, a new approach to short-term load forecasting is proposed using a multicolumn radial basis function neural network (MCRN). The advantage of this new approach over similar models in speed and accuracy is also discussed, especially in regards to renewable generation forecasting. Because weather and seasonal effects have a direct impact not only on load demand but also on renewable energy

In the conventional photovoltaic (PV) fed quasi- Z (qZ) network-based impedance-source converters (ISCs), the PV array is connected to their input, whereas in the proposed topology in this article, an additional array is paralleled to the second qZ-network's capacitor ( C 2 ). This modification allows harvesting more PV power through full utilization of the employed qZ-network in the classical ISCs

Despite its many desirable features, a bipolar dc microgrids (BDCMG) requires a large number of conventional dc–dc converters to feed power to its two poles. Besides, the BDCMG is also prone to voltage imbalance due to unequal load distribution across its two poles. To overcome these issues, this article presents a novel nonisolated boost-SEPIC type interleaved (BSTI) dc–dc converter topology that

This article proposes a novel step-up interleaved dc–dc converter that is suitable for renewable energy systems. Coupled inductor and built-in transformer voltage multiplier cell are applied to extend the voltage gain while increasing the power density. Hence, the step-up ratio can be adjusted by the turns ratios of the coupled inductor and the built-in transformer. Compared with the other converters

To effectively capture interactions of large-scale ac–dc systems integrating line commutated converter (LCC) and modular multilevel converter (MMC) based multiterminal dc grids, a numerically accurate and efficient simulation method is desirable. To achieve this objective, a cosimulation method is proposed in this article, where the target system is decoupled into the shifted-frequency phasor (SFP)

The solid-state-transformer (SST) is a promising technology in the future smart grid. Compared to the line-frequency transformer, the SST has more control flexibilities and the plug and play ability, which allow it to interconnect a hybrid ac–dc multiterminal grid for reliable and flexible power distribution. The dc bus voltage stability of an SST-enabled hybrid ac–dc multiterminal grid is a critical

Single-stage, single-phase photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation (DG) systems rated below 5 kW are becoming popular because of the reduction in the cost of PV panels and also due to various policy initiatives. One cycle control (OCC) based inverters are ideally suitable for such DG systems because of its cost-effectiveness, simple structure, and phase-locked loop free implementation. These inverter-based

This article provides as contribution a systematic design procedure for robust current control of grid-tied inverters with LCL filters affected by inductor magnetic soft-saturation and also by uncertain grid impedances. The proposed design is based on the following: first, a polytopic time-varying model to describe the effect of the inductances variations; second, a set of linear matrix inequalities

Though recent advancements in dc microgrids are largely based on distributed control strategies to enhance reliability and scalability, the absence of a centralized controller to check the global information makes these schemes highly susceptible to cyber attacks. Since false data injection attacks (FDIAs) are considered as a prominent attack methodology in dc microgrids, prior emphasis is usually

This article proposes a novel interleaved three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) single-stage resonant ac–dc converter with high-frequency isolation. The proposed converter comes from an interleaved three-phase power factor correction (PFC) semistage and a three-phase LLC resonant dc–dc semistage. Soft-switching commutation can be achieved on the power switches in this converter including zero-voltage-switching-

Parallel three-level inverters have attracted considerable attention due to the advantages to increase the power rating and the flexibility of power conversion systems. However, this type of configuration requires to suppress the zero-sequence circulating current (ZSCC) through either modulation or active control strategies, to avoid overloading problems of a single three-level inverter. For the operation

In this article, we have carried out a comprehensive study on the wireless power transfer (WPT) concept from the rectifier circuit construction and state-of-art GaN Schottky barrier diode (SBD) device technology to the WPT system demonstration. Benefited from the wide bandgap, high mobility, and saturation velocity of the gallium nitride (GaN) two-dimensional electron gas, engineered lateral GaN SBD

This article presents the design of a two-finger variable stiffness gripper and demonstrates how the adjustable compliance of the fingers can enhance manipulation safety and robustness during collisions. The compliance between actuators and fingers are generated by using repulsive magnets as preloaded nonlinear springs such that by adjusting the air-gaps between the magnets, the position and stiffness

Subretinal injection is a delicate and complex microsurgery. The main surgical difficulties come from the surgeon's hand tremor, dexterous motion, and insufficient visual feedback. In order to begin addressing these challenges, this article presents a robot system for subretinal insertion integrated with intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT). The surgical workflow using this system consists

In this article, physical assistance using haptic interaction is investigated to improve the motor ability of human, in which the interaction force from a partner adapts to the physical behavior of the human interaction. A theoretical framework of interactive tasks, including the “no computation” model and the “multisensory integration” model, has been established on wearable dual-arm exoskeletons

A novel integral sliding mode control (ISMC) strategy, combining with a disturbance observer (DO) for vehicle-following systems, is presented in this article. The vehicle platoon includes a leading vehicle and multiple following vehicles subjected to unknown acceleration uncertainties. First, the ISMC based on DO and the constant time headway policy is constructed to realize the string stability of

To improve the efficiency of three-dimensional (3-D) LIDAR mapping, multiple robots cooperation has been considered in mapping of large areas. In order to merge the local maps acquired by independent robots, it is crucial to identify common areas among the local maps. In this article, we propose a novel 3-D cooperative mapping approach for connected and automated vehicles that use only 3-D LIDAR data

Payload variations, friction, and external disturbances deteriorate the control performance of linear motor (LM) positioners. To provide high-speed and high-precision performance for the LM, an adaptive recursive terminal sliding-mode (ARTSM) controller is proposed in this article. For the controller, a fast nonsingular terminal sliding function and a recursive integral terminal sliding function are

In this article, a novel online antiswing trajectory planning approach is proposed for a quadrotor slung-load system, which is an underacuated, strong coupling, and nonlinear system so that it is difficult to achieve the quadrotor's precise positioning and the payload's swing suppression simultaneously. The proposed trajectory planning approach is efficient and convenient without iterative optimizations

This article presents a closed-loop position control of a mobile robot, which is capable of moving from its current position to a target point by manipulating its linear and angular velocities. The main objective of this article is to modify an existing control law based on the kinematic model to improve the response when the robot is backwards oriented and to reach the destination point in less time

This article reports on the mechanism design, dimension optimization, closed-loop control, and practical application of a piezoelectrically actuated fast tool servo (FTS) for the diamond turning of microstructured surfaces. With the mechanism, a finite-element based analytical model is developed to theoretically relate the working performance with its structural dimensions. Considering its application

In this article, we propose an efficient algorithm for cornering trajectory planning avoiding slip based on dynamics for differential-wheeled mobile robots (DWMRs). In general, slip between tires and the ground increases odometry errors. Hence, to consider not only full dynamics, including actuators, but also slip avoidance, we formulate a complex planning problem, in which the following essential