Vehicular edge computing (VEC) is beneficial to reduce task offloading delay and service acquisition delay by pushing cloud functions to the edge of the networks. Edge servers have the computation and storage capacity to execute vehicular tasks and cache the services required for tasks execution. Due to the limited caching resources of a single edge server, the vehicles will obtain services from cloud

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging technology with the potential to be used in industries and various sectors of human life to provide a wide range of applications and services, significantly enhancing its applicability in different fields. When a UAV swarm performs complex tasks, flying Ad-hoc networks (FANETs) based on cluster structures have become a key research topic in the field

Autonomous vehicles for intelligent surveillance in rural areas increasingly demand low-cost and reliable data collection technologies to perform dense monitoring across extended areas. Backscattering communication has been employed for this purpose, primarily for low-cost and energy efficiency reasons. This paper considers a backscattering data collection system empowered by unmanned aerial vehicles

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications are constrained by both 3GPP technical specifications, as well as by country-specific spectrum regulations. The world's largest economies, such as the USA, EU and China have self-imposed regulations regarding the specific bandwidths and central spectrum frequencies where both safety and non-safety related V2X communication services are allowed to occur (always

Due to the shortage of energy resources and computational capability, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) tend to fail to execute tasks with time-delay sensitive and complex demands like artificial intelligence (AI) enabled applications. Most offloading method literature in ground-air cooperative systems simply uses edge servers or remote cloud servers to provide computation resources and storage space