Two cluster-based security frameworks without a third-party infrastructure in VANETs are proposed and analyzed in this paper. Utilizing some concepts of PCREF [1] with suitable modification reaches our first proposed framework for serving as a benchmark. By further associating trust values with vehicles and taking key updates into account based on the first proposed framework, our second proposed framework

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are regarded as critical technologies which need to be developed for the sixth-generation mobile network (6G). In this paper, we study the reliability of the IRS-assisted Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) communication system with limited UAV energy in complex urban scenarios. We present the problem by joint optimization of the

To enable pervasive applications of cellular-connected unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), localization plays a key role. The successful reception of localization signals from multiple base stations (BSs) is the first step to localize targets, which is called cellular localizability. In this paper, we propose an analytical framework to characterize the B-localizability of UAVs, which is defined as the

Today, many studies assess vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks in flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) to provide solutions for countermeasures. Protecting FANETs against attackers and coordinating connections are challenging. The purpose of this study is to increase and maintain communication security. In this paper, a fuzzy trust-based secure routing scheme (FTSR) is presented in FANETs. FTSR utilizes

Efficient and dynamic traffic management is an integral part of any smart city. Finding the shortest route considering congestion in real-time and managing traffic signals determine the efficiency of overall traffic flow. Route planning within a dynamic traffic environment remains an open challenge due to some essential unaddressed issues. Specially, considering priority vehicles to provide better

We design an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) transmission waveform with total transmission power, waveform similarity, and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) constraints in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The integrated waveform can complete radar target detection while communicating with downlink cellular users. The design of IoV with ISAC can not only improve the spectrum efficiency,

Internet of Vehicles (IoV), as an emerging technology, has gained much attention in recent years due to rapid advancements in computing paradigms, vehicular and wireless technologies. IoV integrates vehicles with the internet using a computing paradigm and enables vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. However, the increase in density and the highly dynamic nature of vehicles have led to exponential

Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) communications enable vehicles to exchange messages with other entities, including nearby vehicles and pedestrians. V2X is, thus, essential for establishing an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), where vehicles use information from their surroundings to reduce traffic congestion and improve safety. To avoid abuse, V2X messages should be digitally signed using valid

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have a wide variety of applications, and their development in terms of capabilities is continuously evolving. Many missions performed by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) require flying in public airspace. This requires very high safety standards, similar to those mandatory in commercial civil aviation. A safe UAV Traffic Management (UTM) requires several communication

Relay nodes selection as a key word to ensure efficient multi-hop data dissemination in VANETs has received tremendous attention for many years. However, previous literature often fails to address two critical topics. Firstly, the conception of a reliable relay distribution model to ensure information coverage without generating additional overheads. Secondly, the simultaneous exploit of both existing

Network slicing has been considered as a promising candidate to meet the heterogeneous Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of various vehicular applications. In this paper, network slicing is utilized on the Road Side Unit (RSU) side for the heterogeneous data freshness requirements in Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The services in enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB) slice are usually bandwidth-consuming

Mobile edge computing (MEC) and wireless energy transfer are two important paradigms to improve the computation bits and provide more cost-effective energy for low-power internet of things (IoT) devices. However, the performance of energy transfer and task offloading is significantly affected by propagation loss, and hence the links between IoT devices and transmitters are frequently blocked. To address

Communication delays are inevitable in vehicle platoons and may inhibit control performance. To address this issue, existing delay compensation strategies often resort to a greater time headway based on the delay upper bound, which compromises the benefits on traffic throughput. Moreover, it remains a major challenge to strictly ensure string stability with delays for distributed model predictive control

Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are becoming data centers on wheels, amassing petabytes of data. They require a combination of software and hardware systems to operate reliably and simply in real-time. However, due to the transient nature of Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) networks and CAVs' dependency on a connected software system, we need a new paradigm for secure

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a highly promising multiple access strategy for wideband communication systems due to its high spectral efficiency. However, in multi-cell multi-band systems, interference issues can arise from resource sharing among multiple users, which limits the potential of NOMA. To tackle these issues, in this paper, we study a NOMA system where reconfigurable intelligent

The Internet of Vehicles over vehicular ad hoc network is an emerging technology enabling the development of smart applications focused on improving traffic safety, traffic efficiency, and the overall driving experience. These applications have stringent requirements detailed in the Service Level Agreement. Since vehicles have limited computational and storage capabilities, applications' requests are

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) applications are an integral part of the realization of autonomous and connected vehicles. Due to the large amount of data generated by the vehicles, the stringent delay requirements, and the sheer size of V2X applications, these applications are decomposed into several components that need to be placed in close proximity to requesting vehicles. Mobile-edge Computing (MEC)

This paper proposes a camera-based vehicular visible light communication system using modulated LED taillights for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. The taillights are modulated using on-off keying with a carrier frequency above the critical flicker frequency threshold to appear steady to the human eye and only a camera with a short exposure time can perceive the signal. For receiving the signal, a

In recent times, Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) have been gaining popularity and have already begun to revolutionize the transport industry, mainly using real-time monitoring, analysis and exchange of data through In-Vehicle Networks (IVN). IVN can also interact with the outside world and roadside infrastructures. With all these advantages, certain weaknesses also creep in as the communication

With the increasing connectivity employed in automotive systems, remote cyber attacks have now become a possibility and concrete threat. Prior works on automotive cyber security solutions have primarily focused evaluation either on real cars or via emulations of electronic control units (ECUs). Evaluation on real cars offer limited flexibility in manoeuvring the packets communicated through in-vehicle

In this paper, we propose and analyze the maximal secrecy capability of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based relay non-orthogonal multiple access system. In this system, a UAV acts as an aerial relay station to assist transmission from a source to two users in the presence of a terrestrial eavesdropper and a friendly jamming UAV. The minimum achievable secrecy rate (MASR) of two users is derived

As the automotive industry has progressed in recent years, in-vehicle networks have also changed. In contrast to traditional vehicles, modern vehicles communicate through connecting interfaces, Electronic Control Units (ECUs), sensors, and gateways over different communication channels called buses. While LIN, CAN, FlexRay, MOST, and Automotive Ethernet protocols facilitate vehicle communication, they

The emergence of Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything communication (C-V2X) has brought significant advancements in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems. This review presents an in-depth analysis of the benefits offered by C-V2X technology, such as improved safety, enhanced traffic efficiency, and reduced environmental impact. The study offers an overview of state-of-the-art C-V2X architectures

Abstract not available

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly deployed to provide wireless connectivity to static and mobile ground users in situations of increased network demand or points of failure in existing terrestrial cellular infrastructure. However, UAVs are energy-constrained and experience the challenge of interference from nearby UAV cells sharing the same frequency spectrum, thereby impacting the system's

Mobility as we know it is rapidly changing. With the move towards autonomous and connected vehicles, the whole automotive industry is undergoing important changes faster than ever. One of the areas largely affected by these changes is the electric/electronics architecture and the in-vehicle network. This is because the number of sensors and actuators required to achieve the new goals has increased

With the rapid development of wireless communication and autonomous driving technologies, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology has emerged to build a large network that supports interactive communication between vehicles, roadside infrastructure and the surrounding environment. This allows vehicle sensors to collect massive amount of data. However, data is at risk of attack. In order to ensure

High-speed train systems are rapidly growing in complexity and coverage, demanding efficient high-speed internet services. Existing radio frequency technology struggles to meet these demands due to handover mechanisms and limited connectivity times. Furthermore, current free-space optics (FSO) techniques require a large number of base stations (BSs), resulting in high costs. This study presents a novel

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising approach that utilizes a single waveform for both information transmission and target object acquisition. In this study, we focus on the challenges posed by inter-user and inter-ISAC-antenna interference, specifically the self-interference from ISAC transmit antennas to receive antennas. Further, the benefit of a multi-functional ISAC scheme

In this work, we study a wireless power transfer (WPT) network supported by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), in which a UAV equipped with an array of antennas supplies wireless energy to charge ground user (GU) devices. With this configuration, we aim to maximize the lowest GU energy by jointly optimizing the UAV's trajectory, beamforming pattern, and transmitting power. Because the proposed maximization

The ground infrastructures are highly susceptible to disruption after disasters, which causes the paralysis of communication. In this case, solutions besides original architecture are needed to meet the requirements of communication. Since unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be quickly sent to disaster events to provide temporary connection due to its agility and mobility, it is suitable for performing

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a viable option in numerous real-world applications. In large mission planning systems, demanding the effective completion of a wide variety of tasks, multi-UAV systems are significantly preferred. Collaborative task assignment and path planning have a significant impact on autonomous operation of multi-UAV systems. In this study, we propose a priority-aware

Due to the ability to handle signal processing problems caused by high Doppler effects from vehicle movements, orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is a competitive modulation method for future IoV systems. However, it can be hard to obtain accurate channel status information (CSI) and build accurate channel models in IoV systems with variable channels and complex transmission environments, which

As a promising new form in mobile edge computing network, Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) can further improve the Quality of Service (QoS) of users. However, when edge servers are damaged or overloaded, the requirements of users are difficult met by VEC servers owing to incomplete connectivity and time-varying channel conditions in dynamic and resource-limited vehicular networks. In this paper, we introduce

Intelligent vehicular network is one of the popular paradigms for sixth-generation (6G) networks. With the growth in vehicular traffic density, it is essential to ensure safety and security by providing ultra reliable low latency (URLL) services for vehicular communication. Moreover, along with the URLL services, it is also essential that these services are energy-efficient. These requirements can

Vehicular edge computing (VEC) uses the computing resources of edge devices to complete tasks for complex calculations and time-sensitive requirements in vehicular networks. However, there are some problems with the current task offloading, such as simplifying the communication mechanism at the media access control (MAC) layer and ignoring the traffic characteristics at the application layer. To address

Resource allocation optimization (RAO) is a crucial design issue for providing green communications in the sixth generation (6G) of underwater acoustic (UWA) sensor networks (SNs). To have a suitable convergence speed in the machine learning (ML)-based algorithms used for finding the solution of the online RAO problems, the optimal or suboptimal solution of the offline form of the online problem should

Over the last years, the evolution of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) services from basic safety-related to enhanced V2X (eV2X) applications prompted the development of the 5G New Radio (NR)-V2X technology. Standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in Release 16, NR-V2X features a distributed resource allocation mode, known as Mode 2, that allows vehicles to autonomously select their

The recently accentuated features of augmenting conventional wireless networks with high altitude platform systems (HAPS) have fueled a plethora of applications, which promise to offer new services to ground users, as well to enhance the efficiency and pervasion of existing applications. Cloud-enabled HAPS, which aims to create HAPS-based datacenters that offer cloud services to users, has particularly

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are the next-generation driver-less vehicular entities with advanced technologies. Overtaking is an important and challenging maneuver that needs to be frequently performed in diverse environments during the run. The maneuvering of AVs, in present scenarios, improves driving precision, fuel efficiency, and travel time and minimizes road accidents caused by human error, waiting

Abstract not available

Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM) applications, enabled by vehicular communications and vehicle automation technologies, are set to increase traffic safety and efficiency. An important feature of CCAM is the potential to decide and coordinate maneuvers among automated vehicles in a more efficient and secure manner, when compared to human drivers. However, maneuver decision and coordination

Non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and backscatter communications are considered to be promising technology due to their applications in large scale communications and spectral efficiency. Cognitive radio (CR) also has distinct advantage in terms of allowing secondary users to share spectrum with the primary users. Thus CR and NOMA provides a new way to enable vehicle to everything (V2X) communication

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) aim to improve road safety and provide comfort to both drivers and passengers by enabling vehicles, infrastructure, and other road users to exchange environmental and driving data. Therefore, the accuracy of the information exchanged as well as the authenticity of the entities, effectively affect the efficiency and performance of the system. Blockchain

In this paper, we analyze the side information (SI) effect on the coverage region of the wireless multiple-access relay channel (MARC) in two different communications scenarios: SI only at one source and SI only at the relay. Aiming at this work, (I) a general achievable rate region is proved for wireless MARC with SI at one source and SI at the relay in two fading models (Rayleigh model, which has

The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the smart grid system through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology enables bi-directional power delivery, allowing EVs to distribute excess electricity to the grid and recharge as needed. However, V2G networks face significant security and privacy challenges due to the involvement of large amounts of data and untrusted entities. To address these challenges

Blockchain applications in the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) employ a secure and distributed consensus method, such as Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and Proof-of-Work (PoW), to reduce the load on the central server of IoV and the likelihood of single-node attacks. While traditional consensus algorithms based IoV improves consistency, efficiency, and eliminates single-node attacks, it has some

Sub-6 GHz assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is a promising solution to address the ever-increasing data exchange demand in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. The omni-directional sub-6 GHz channels exchange vehicle and control information in the vehicular network, while the directional mmWave technology is used for high-rate data transmission. Consider the huge amounts of vehicular

Trust management in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is a challenging dynamic optimization problem due to their decentralized, infrastructureless, and dynamically changing topology. Evolutionary computation (EC) algorithms are good candidates for solving dynamic optimization problems (DOPs), since they are inspired from the biological evolution that is occurred as a result of changes in the environment

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with visual sensors are widely used for area mapping, management of crops and traffic, rescuing lives, and many other applications that need to cover a large area. The process of coverage can be improved with the use of efficient path planning and data transfer algorithms. Numerous research studies have been performed by concentrating on each of the aforementioned elements

The main challenge with Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) for assisting Intelligent Transportation Services (ITSs) is ensuring effective data delivery under various network circumstances despite the scarcity of radio frequency spectrum channels. Meanwhile, Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) utilizing Cognitive Radio (CR) technology shows its potential to solve the channel shortage issue. Reliable Spectrum

With the advent of fog computing, its use to provide real-time services at the network's edge has increased. However, running computationally-demanding applications in smart vehicles is constrained by the limited storage and computation capacity and energy consumption of the vehicles. A suitable solution is to offload the applications demanding massive processing to a conventional centralized cloud

Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET) formed by a swarm of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is currently a trending research topic because of its capability in performing complex tasks more rapidly and efficiently. However, the high-speed mobility of UAVs, limited energy, and dynamically changing topology have led to critical challenges for the reliability of communication between UAVs, especially when designing

Recent statistics reveal an alarming increase in accidents involving pedestrians (especially children) crossing the street. A common philosophy of existing pedestrian detection approaches is that this task should be undertaken by the moving cars1 themselves. In sharp departure from this philosophy, we propose to enlist the help of cars parked along the sidewalk to detect and protect crossing pedestrians

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) have significantly enhanced driving safety and comfort by leveraging vehicular wireless communication technology. Secure authentication among vehicles in VANETs is an important requirement, but there are various limitations in many existing authentication protocols, for example, in terms of privacy protection, malicious entity tracking, and cross-domain authentication

Fog computing complements cloud computing by enabling a broad range of latency-sensitive applications. To make it feasible, fog nodes with processing capabilities are located in different regions to cope with variable demands in time and space. The fog nodes are usually fixed terrestrial infrastructures providing reliability and easy management; however, these nodes cannot cope with the heavy processing

Responding to numerous requests of mobile users and maintaining the quality of service is one of the important challenges in designing and implementing future vehicular networks. One of the solutions to reduce network traffic is caching on the radio access network and close to users. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the mobility of users on caching performance and propose novel mobility-aware

This research is dedicated to developing a discrete mathematical simulation framework to track information dissemination dynamics via Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication factoring traffic flow dynamics, traffic intersection operation settings, and traffic intersection geometrical design over a road traffic network. Specifically, we develop information network flow models (INFMs), including IFNM-a

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are characterized by high flexibility and low deployment costs. Therefore, UAVs, in recent years, have been widely used in all walks of life, such as logistics services, search and rescue, agriculture and mining. These applications are highly dependent on UAV communication technology. However, the UAVs currently in use are still powered by low-power batteries, which