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Front Cover IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01
Presents the front cover for this issue of the publication.
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Table of Contents IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01
Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.
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Multi-Layer Network Security Architecture IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Vincent W. S. Chan
This month is the last of four installments on multi-layer network architectures. We talked about the need for satellite, fiber and wireless network architectures to include all layers in its designs. When they are integrated together to form one Internet, issues on internetworking appear at all layers including the Application Layer. All the more critical are network architectures with coherent multi-layer
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The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on IoT: The 7th IEEE World Forum on the Internet of Things - WFIoT2021: 20–24 June 2021 // Hilton Riverside Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01
The IEEE World Forum on the Internet of Things (WFIoT2021) seeks submissions and proposals for original technical papers that address the Internet of Things (IoT), its theoretical and technological building blocks, the applications that drive the growth and evolution of IoT, operational considerations, experimentation, experiences from deployments, and the impacts of IoT on consumers, the public sector
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Toward Access Equality: Bridging the Digital Divide IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Tarek S. El-Bawab
Before the Internet era, telephone penetration was the measure of U.S. progress in securing universal access to all its citizens (access to affordable telephone service). The telephone referred to herein was obviously the “landline”, which evolved from analog to digital throughout the second half of the 20th Century. By the mid-1990s, the notion of universal access had included access to computers
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Conference Calendar IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01
Presents the ComSoc calendar of upcoming events and meetings.
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GCN Global Communications Newsletter IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Stefano Bregni; Nei Kato; Kashif Bashir; Joaquim F. Martins Filho
With this issue we begin a new series of eight interviews with the Officers of the IEEE ComSoc Member and Global Activities (MGA) Council, which will be published every month in the Global Communications Newsletter.
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Guest Editorial: Communication Technologies for Efficient Edge Learning IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Mehdi Bennis; Mérouane Debbah; Kaibin Huang; Zhaohui Yang
Traditional machine learning is centralized in the cloud (data centers). Recently, the security concern and the availability of abundant data and computation resources in wireless networks are pushing the deployment of learning algorithms toward the network edge. This has led to the emergence of a fast growing area, called edge learning, which integrates two originally decoupled areas: wireless communication
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Communicate to Learn at the Edge IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Deniz Gündüz; David Burth Kurka; Mikolaj Jankowski; Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri; Emre Ozfatura; Sreejith Sreekumar
Bringing the success of modern machine learning (ML) techniques to mobile devices can enable many new services and businesses, but also poses significant technical and research challenges. Two factors that are critical for the success of ML algorithms are massive amounts of data and processing power, both of which are plentiful, but highly distributed at the network edge. Moreover, edge devices are
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Communication-Computation Trade-off in Resource-Constrained Edge Inference IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Jiawei Shao; Jun Zhang
The recent breakthrough in artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep neural networks (DNNs), has affected every branch of science and technology. Particularly, edge AI has been envisioned as a major application scenario to provide DNN-based services at edge devices. This article presents effective methods for edge inference at resource-constrained devices. It focuses on device-edge co-inference
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Edge Learning with Timeliness Constraints: Challenges and Solutions IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Yuxuan Sun; Wenqi Shi; Xiufeng Huang; Sheng Zhou; Zhisheng Niu
Future machine learning (ML) powered applications, such as autonomous driving and augmented reality, involve training and inference tasks with timeliness requirements and are communication- and computation-intensive, which demands the edge learning framework. The real-time requirements drive us to go beyond accuracy for ML. In this article, we introduce the concept of timely edge learning, aiming to
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Toward Self-Learning Edge Intelligence in 6G IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Yong Xiao; Guangming Shi; Yingyu Li; Walid Saad; H. Vincent Poor
Edge intelligence, also called edge-native artificial intelligence (AI), is an emerging technological framework focusing on seamless integration of AI, communication networks, and mobile edge computing. It has been considered to be one of the key missing components in the existing 5G network and is widely recognized to be one of the most sought after functions for tomorrow's wireless 6G cellular systems
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From Federated to Fog Learning: Distributed Machine Learning over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Seyyedali Hosseinalipour; Christopher G. Brinton; Vaneet Aggarwal; Huaiyu Dai; Mung Chiang
Machine learning (ML) tasks are becoming ubiquitous in today's network applications. Federated learning has emerged recently as a technique for training ML models at the network edge by leveraging processing capabilities across the nodes that collect the data. There are several challenges with employing conventional federated learning in contemporary networks, due to the significant heterogeneity in
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Wireless Communications for Collaborative Federated Learning IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Mingzhe Chen; H. Vincent Poor; Walid Saad; Shuguang Cui
To facilitate the deployment of machine learning in resource and privacy-constrained systems such as the Internet of Things, federated learning (FL) has been proposed as a means for enabling edge devices to train a shared learning model while promoting privacy. However, Google's seminal FL algorithm requires all devices to be directly connected with a central controller, which limits its applications
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Call for Papers IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01
Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.
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Series Editorial: Design and Implementation of Devices, Circuits, and Systems IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Bernard Fong; Haesik Kim; Vyasa Sai
The Design and implementation of Devices, Circuits, and Systems Series features original articles that cover a broad range of topics in technological advances of communication devices, circuits and systems. The Series continues to attract contributions from different industrial sectors including healthcare, automotive, energy, agriculture, smart manufacturing, consumer electronics, smart city, VR/AR/hologram
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Hardware Architecture Design and Implementation of Different Space Modulation Techniques IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Raed Mesleh; Omar Hiari
Space modulation techniques (SMTs) are shown to facilitate multiple-input multiple-output transmitter designs with a maximum of a single RF-chain. This article aims to review and summarize recent advancements in SMTs' hardware design and implementations. This includes a discussion of challenges, implementation issues, and the state of the art. Related contents covered in this article are transceiver
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Adaptable Switch: A Heterogeneous Switch Architecture for Network-Centric Computing IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Siyi Qiao; Chengchen Hu; Gordon Brebner; Jianhua Zou; Xiaohong Guan
Network-centric computing offloads and disaggregates computing and data processing from CPU to network in order to support growing throughput, big data volume, and information complexity in data centers. An emerging paradigm is employing SmartNIC for network-centric computing, which introduces user-specific processing at a host's network interface. In this article, we take this initiative further to
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Millimeter-Wave Radars-on-Chip Enabling Next-Generation Cyberphysical Infrastructures IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Hamidreza Aghasi; Payam Heydari
This article provides an overview of current and future implementations of high-resolution millimeter-wave active sensor technologies for applications in cyber-physical systems. The two major groups of active sensors, that is, pulsed and frequency modulated continuous-wave radars, are studied, and their performance for benchmark applications are compared. The specific design challenges of these radar
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Wireless Communication over an LED Channel IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Jean-Paul M. G. Linnartz; Xiong Deng; Anton Alexeev; Shokoufeh Mardanikorani
Today, we see a sharp rise in the interest in communicating wirelessly over an optical channel, for instance, building networks that are free from adjacent cell interference. LEDs are already widely used in illumination, and LED LiFi systems that carry up to gigabits per second are commercially available. Progress in wireless communication relies, to a significant extent, on a solid understanding of
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Model Extraction Attacks and Defenses on Cloud-Based Machine Learning Models IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Xueluan Gong; Qian Wang; Yanjiao Chen; Wang Yang; Xinchang Jiang
Machine learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various fields, from image classification to speech recognition. However, such models are trained with a large amount of sensitive training data, and are typically computationally expensive to build. As a result, many cloud providers (e.g., Google) have launched machine-learning-as-a-service, which helps clients benefit from the
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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Three Myths and Two Critical Questions IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Emil Björnson; Özgecan Özdogan; Erik G. Larsson
The search for physical layer technologies that can play a key role in beyond 5G systems has started. One option is reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), which can collect wireless signals from a transmitter and passively beamform them toward the receiver. The technology has exciting prospects and is quickly gaining traction in the communication community, but in the current hype we have witnessed
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Front cover IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24
Presents the front cover for this issue of the publication.
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Table of Contents IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24
Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.
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The President's Page IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Vincent W. S. Chan
Presents the President�s message for this issue of the publication.
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Call for papers IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24
Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.
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Conference Calendar IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24
Presents the ComSoc calendar of upcoming events and meetings.
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Global Communications Newsletter IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Fawzi Behmann; Keattisak Sripimanwat; Ismael Soto; Diego Dujovne; Harri Saarnisaari
Presents information and current topics of interest to the global communications industry.
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Call for papers IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24
Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.
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THz Communications: A Catalyst for the Wireless Future IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Angeliki Alexiou; Sergey Andreev; Gabor Fodor; Tadao Nagatsuma
The articles in this special section focus on THz communications.
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A Holistic Investigation of Terahertz Propagation and Channel Modeling toward Vertical Heterogeneous Networks IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Kursat Tekbiyik; Ali Riza Ekti; Gunes Karabulut Kurt; Ali Gorcin; Halim Yanikomeroglu
User-centric and low-latency communications can be enabled not only by small cells but also through ubiquitous connectivity. Recently, the vertical heterogeneous network (V-HetNet) architecture has been proposed to backhaul/fronthaul a large number of small cells. Like an orchestra, the V-HetNet is a polyphony of different communication ensembles, including geostationary Earth orbit and low Earth orbit
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Call for papers IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24
Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.
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THz Radio Communication: Link Budget Analysis toward 6G IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Kari Rikkinen; Pekka Kyosti; Marko E. Leinonen; Markus Berg; Aarno Parssinen
How well do upper millimeter-wave and terahertz frequency bands enable wireless communications? In this work, we approximate the current and estimate the future communication potential with emphasis on antenna and radio frequency hardware technologies, and radio propagation challenges. This is done by performing link budget evaluations with justified estimates of link budget calculus terms, such as
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IEEE 802.15.3d: First Standardization Efforts for Sub-Terahertz Band Communications toward 6G IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Vitaly Petrov; Thomas Kurner; Iwao Hosako
With the ratification of the IEEE 802.15.3d amendment to 802.15.3, a first step has been made to standardize consumer wireless communications in the sub-THz frequency band. IEEE 802.15.3d offers switched point-to-point connectivity with data rates of 100 Gb/s and higher at distances ranging from tens of centimeters up to a few hundred meters. In this article, we provide a detailed introduction to IEEE
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Beyond 100 Gb/s Optoelectronic Terahertz Communications: Key Technologies and Directions IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Lu Zhang; Xiaodan Pang; Shi Jia; Shiwei Wang; Xianbin Yu
The terahertz band (0.1 THz-10 THz) with massive spectrum resources is recognized as a promising candidate for future rate-greedy applications, such as 6G communications. Optoelectronic terahertz communications are beneficial for realizing 100 Gb/s data rate and beyond, which have greatly promoted the progress of the 6G research. In this article, we give technical insight into the key technologies
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Experimental Demonstrations of High-Capacity THz-Wireless Transmission Systems for Beyond 5G IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Carlos Castro; Robert Elschner; Thomas Merkle; Colja Schubert; Ronald Freund
Using the concept of a "THz-wireless fiber extender," we can combine the flexibility of wireless networks with the high capacity of fiber optic communication. The availability of a large, contiguous bandwidth in the frequency band around 300 GHz creates the opportunity to seamlessly interconnect coherent THz-wireless and fiber optic transceiver frontends using a transparent, analog baseband interface
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Toward End-to-End, Full-Stack 6G Terahertz Networks IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Michele Polese; Josep Miquel Jornet; Tommaso Melodia; Michele Zorzi
Recent evolutions in semiconductors have brought the terahertz band into the spotlight as an enabler for terabit-per-second communications in 6G networks. Most of the research so far, however, has focused on understanding the physics of terahertz devices, circuitry, and propagation, and on studying physical layer solutions. However, integrating this technology in complex mobile networks requires proper
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Call for papers IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24
Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.
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Ultra-Low Latency, Low Energy, and Massiveness in the 6G Era via Efficient CSIT-Limited Scheme IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Onel L. A. Lopez; Nurul H. Mahmood; Hirley Alves; Carlos M. Lima; Matti Latva-aho
Channel state information (CSI) has been a key component in traditional wireless communication systems. This might no longer hold in future networks supporting services with stringent quality of service constraints such as extremely low latency, low energy, and/or large number of simultaneously connected devices, where acquiring CSI would become extremely costly or even impractical. We overview the
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AirSlice: A Network Slicing Framework for UAV Communications IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Zhenhui Yuan; Gabriel-Miro Muntean
Network slicing technology delivers tailored network resources to individual applications on demand. This article first studies the network demands of the most popular UAV applications. These applications are classified according to their quality of service (QoS) requirements. A novel network slicing framework, AirSlice, is designed in the 5G domain to enable differentiated QoS support for UAV applications
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NOMA-Based IoT Networks: Impulsive Noise Effects and Mitigation IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Bassant Selim; Md Sahabul Alam; Joao V. C. Evangelista; Georges Kaddoum; Basile L. Agba
The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) presents important challenges for future radio networks. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which allows the network to support more than one user per orthogonal resource element, was recently proposed as a promising solution that can ultimately support the daunting requirements of such networks including massive connectivity, high spectral efficiency, and
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The Internet of No Things: Making the Internet Disappear and "See the Invisible" IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 Martin Maier; Amin Ebrahimzadeh; Sajjad Rostami; Abdeljalil Beniiche
Future emerging communication technologies are anticipated to fold into our surroundings, helping us get our noses off the smartphone screens and back into our environments. In doing so, they make us more (rather than less) present in the world around us. While 5G was supposed to be about the Internet of Everything, to be transformative 6G might be just about the opposite of Everything, that is, Nothing
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5G Deployment: Standalone vs. Non-Standalone from the Operator Perspective IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Guangyi Liu; Yuhong Huang; Zhuo Chen; Liang Liu; Qixing Wang; Na Li
The fifth generation (5G) mobile network is standardized and developed to explore the mobile market beyond 2020. In response to the diverse strategies of 5G deployment, five alternative network architectures have been proposed to 3GPP by different mobile operators. To fulfill the urgent deployment requirement from some operators, an early drop of 5G, termed as non-standalone (NSA) new radio (NR), was
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DBNS: A Distributed Blockchain-Enabled Network Slicing Framework for 5G Networks IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Mohammed Amine Togou; Ting Bi; Kapal Dev; Kevin McDonnell; Aleksandar Milenovic; Hitesh Tewari; Gabriel-Miro Muntean
5G technology is expected to enable many innovative applications in different verticals. These applications have heterogeneous performance requirements (e.g., high data rate, low latency, high reliability, and high availability). In order to meet these requirements, 5G networks endorse network flexibility through the deployment of new emerging technologies, mainly network slicing and mobile edge computing
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Front cover IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-03
Presents the front cover for this issue of the publication.
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Table of Contents IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-03
Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.
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The President's Page IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Vincent W. S. Chan
Presents the President’s message for this issue of the publication.
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Call for Papers IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-03
Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.
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The Outlook for Networks in the Third Decade of the 21st Cent ury IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Tarek S. El-Bawab
Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.
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Conference Calendar IEEE Commun. Mag. (IF 11.052) Pub Date : 2020-11-03
Presents the ComSoc calendar of upcoming events and meetings.
Contents have been reproduced by permission of the publishers.