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The articles in this special section present new technical advancements in applying AI and data science for communications.

The highly dynamic wireless communication environment poses a challenge for many applications (e.g., adaptive multimedia streaming services). Providing accurate TP can significantly improve performance of these applications. The scheduling algorithms in cellular networks consider various PHY metrics, (e.g., CQI) and throughput history when assigning resources for each user. This article explains how

Current communication networks use design methodologies that prevent the realization of maximum network efficiency. In the first place, while users' perception of satisfactory service diverges widely, current networks are designed to be a "universal fit," where they are generally over-engineered to deliver services appealing to all types of users. Also, current networks lack user-level data cognitive

Lots of hopes have been placed on machine learning (ML) as a key enabler of future wireless networks. By taking advantage of large volumes of data, ML is expected to deal with the ever-increasing complexity of networking problems. Unfortunately, current networks are not yet prepared to support the ensuing requirements of ML-based applications in terms of data collection, processing, and output distribution

The papers in this special section provide articles on the latest developments in this area, highlighting recent research achievements and providing insight into both theoretical and practical issues related to the evolution of network and service management. The series provides a forum for the publication of both academic and industrial research, addressing the state of the art, theory and practice

Web browsing is the main Internet service, and every customer wants the minimum web page loading times. To satisfy this perpetual need, web browsers offer new processing engines and increased functionalities. Web developers make use of new programming languages and paradigms, new transport protocols have been introduced, network operators offer increased bandwidth, and CDN providers deploy web servers

Computation offloading through stateless applications is gaining momentum thanks to the emergence of serverless frameworks with inherent scalability properties. However, adoption of a serverless framework in an edge computing system requires careful consideration to keep its advantages unscathed. In the cloud, micro-services are scaled automatically according to demands, but in edge computing this

Emerging edge computing has seen latency- sensitive services moving rapidly from cloud to the edge to take advantage of its close vicinity to end users, while cloud is retained for carrying out latency-insensitive and computation-intensive tasks. When more edge computing service providers come to the market, the network will become increasingly more fragmented because of their proprietary services

The articles in this special section examine the market for 5G and 6G mobile communications. After great success and widespread worldwide deployment throughout the last decade, 4G networks are passing the baton to 5G as the technology in the forefront of the race toward ubiquitous communications. 5G is a paradigm-shifting communications technology that promises an even wider range of high-quality services

Reliable data connectivity is vital for the ever increasingly intelligent, automated, and ubiquitous digital world. Mobile networks are the data highways and, in a fully connected, intelligent digital world, will need to connect everything, including people to vehicles, sensors, data, cloud resources, and even robotic agents. Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks, which are currently being deployed

IAB is being considered as a means to reduce the deployment costs of ultra-dense 5G mmWave networks, using wireless backhaul links to relay the access traffic. In this work we describe the most recent standardization activities on IAB, and compare architectures with and without IAB in mmWave deployments. While it is well understood that IAB networks reduce deployment costs by obviating the need to

While on one hand 5G and beyond 5G networks are challenged by ultra-high data rates in wideband applications like 100+ Gb/s wireless Internet access, on the other hand they are expected to support reliable low-latency Internet of Things applications with ultra-high connectivity. These conflicting challenges are addressed in a system proposal dealing with both extremes. In contrast to most recent publications

The fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks has ambitious targets of data rate, end-toend latency, and connection reliability. With the recent spreading of information and communication technology (ICT) into healthcare, leading to an Internet of medical things, new e-health services are being offered, in particular to the elderly population who needs daily assistance. This paper aims at identifying

Fog computing is considered to be a key enabling technology for future networks. By broadening the cloud computing services to the network edge, fog computing can support various emerging applications such as IoT, big data, and blockchain with low latency and low bandwidth consumption cost. To achieve the full potential of fog computing, it is essential to design an incentive mechanism for fog computing

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This is the first issue in 2020 of the Optical Communications and Networks Series (OCNS). This series presents articles on the latest developments in this key technology field, which offers unprecedented communication capacity and cost-effective interconnection capability to support a variety of bandwidth-hungry wireline and wireless applications. In this issue, we have selected three contributions

As a type of virtual network architecture, network slicing is considered as one of the most innovative aspects of 5G networks, where dedicated slices are created for services to meet their diverse requirements in terms of bandwidth and E2E latency. In this article, the transport network slice provisioning requirements imposed by network operation and emerging services are investigated. Then we review

Disaggregated data centers (DCs) can offer high flexibility for resource allocation; hence, their resource utilization can be significantly improved. However, communications between different types of resources, in particular between CPU and memory, in fully disaggregated DCs face severe problems in terms of stringent requirements for ultra-low latency and ultra-high transmission bandwidth. Optical

Breakthroughs in information and power transfer for wireless networks are imperative in order to satisfy the requirement of wireless nodes for energy sustainability. To this end, significant research efforts in academia and industry have been devoted to the design of optimal resource allocation schemes for RF SWIPT networks. The transmit power constraints imposed by safety regulations introduce significant

As we enter the much-awaited year 2020, it is essential to understand the impact that the emerging IoT technologies will have across various industrial sectors and throughout the broader society. According to Gartner, there will be over 20 billion connected devices in 2020, while IDC forecasts expect this number to at least double by the year 2025. This increasingly global and autonomous IoT ecosystem

Due to the fast pace at which IoT is evolving, there is an increasing need to support over-theair software updates for security updates, bug fixes, and software extensions. To this end, multiple over-the-air techniques have been proposed, each covering a specific aspect of the update process, such as (partial) code updates, data dissemination, and security. However, each technique introduces overhead

The widespread applications of massive MTC are limited by energy availability, spectrum congestion, and device costs. The emerging AmBC not only addresses these bottlenecks but also opens opportunities for new applications. This article aims to explore AmBC-enhanced future ultra-low-power MTC. In this context, we present the development trends in AmBC prototype designs and discuss potential applications

The rapid growth of IoT is expected to offer a better quality of life and open up new business applications. However, the huge number of IoT devices are likely to create an immense burden on current wireless networks. Interestingly, next-generation 5G wireless networks envision the usage of mmWave frequencies for a manifold increase in data rates and user capacity. Nevertheless, the inherent LoS in

Dangers associated with poor air quality are driving deployments of air quality monitoring technology. These deployments rely on either professional-grade measurement stations or a small number of low-cost sensors integrated into urban infrastructure. In this article, we present a research vision of real-time massive scale air quality sensing that integrates tens of thousands or even millions of air

A defining characteristic of the military operational environment is a need for robust and resilient communications and networking despite significant limitations on the resources of the devices and assumed presence of an adversarial entity attempting to thwart the performance of the networked applications. As a result, research has endeavored to identify resource-efficient methods to overcome these

RF spectrum represents a limited natural resource. The increasing numbers of wireless devices demand more and more spectrum for diverse future applications and services. CR is explored as a technological solution to the current paradigm of spectrum scarcity by opportunistically sharing the spectrum with licensed users. FD operation further enhances the performance of CR with higher throughput and optimized

In this work, we put forth a philosophical treatise on a novel paradigm for intangible, on-demand, and power-free aerial communication relaying, for which we coin the term "phantom network." The proposed phantom network aims to temporarily bridge communication gaps between two or more out-of-range communicating devices or infrastructures using aerial nanonodes suspended in atomized aqueous mists. This

This article elaborates on security and routing architectures for mobile tactical heterogeneous networks. It explores challenges and opportunities, and highlights the characteristics of these types of networks and their differences from static and deployed networks. These architectures have value for designing national military networks, as well as for realizing IP-based coalition networks at the mobile

Due to the openness of the transmission medium, it is necessary for radio systems to have anti-jamming abilities. Traditional anti-jamming methods such as sequence-based frequency hopping and direct sequence spread spectrum have shortcomings of low spectral efficiency and fixed communication patterns. With the development of software-defined radio, jamming devices are increasingly advanced and efficient

This article reports on a research case study about raising the motivation of young boys and girls (14-16 years old) toward science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education to increase their prospects of choosing a relevant career. Using the Internet of Things (IoT) at the core of a design-based methodology, multiple implementations of IoT-oriented educational scenarios (ESs) were realized

The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)- based communication in millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies to provide on-demand radio access is a promising approach to improve capacity and coverage in beyond-5G (B5G) systems. There are several design aspects to be addressed when optimizing for the deployment of such UAV base stations. As traffic demand of mobile users varies across time and space, dynamic

This article verifies the reliability of automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems on new synthesis methods based on deep neural networks. ASV systems are widely used and applied regarding secure and effective biometric authentication. On the other hand, the rapid deployment of ASV systems contributes to the increased attention of attackers with newer and more sophisticated spoofing methods. Until

PLC superimposes high-frequency data signals ranging from a few hundred Hertz to hundreds of megahertz over the low-frequency electrical power carriers to reuse the existing power lines for communication purposes. Across various indoor and outdoor PLC application scenarios, the electromagnetic compatibility restrictions and the low-pass nature of power line channels restrict the data rate gains that

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The emergence of DL represents a potential paradigm shift in the design of WCS, from conventional handcrafted schemes based on mathematical models with assumptions, to autonomous schemes based on DL using large sets of data. In this article, we discuss the essential elements of DL and investigate an intelligent RA scheme based on a DNN, in which multiple goals with various constraints can be satisfied

IRS is a new and revolutionizing technology that is able to significantly improve the performance of wireless communication networks, by smartly reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment with the use of massive low-cost passive reflecting elements integrated on a planar surface. Specifically, different elements of an IRS can independently reflect the incident signal by controlling its amplitude

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Recounts the career and contributions of William Harrington Tranter.