Exposure to anthropogenic environmental chemical mixtures could be contributing to the decline in male reproductive health. This study used the biosolid treated pasture (BTP) sheep model to assess the effects of exposure to low-dose chemical mixtures. Maternal BTP exposure was associated with lower plasma testosterone concentrations, a greater proportion of Sertoli cell-only seminiferous tubules, and

Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) by dermal route is a continuing concern in environmental and occupational toxicology. Diverse authors have measured in vitro the absorption flux and permeability coefficient (kP) of those compounds delivered on skin surface using volatile solvents. However, there isn’t a harmonized method to obtain kP when

Ingestion of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) elicits toxicities in the hepatorenal system. We investigated the effect of PFOA and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the hepatorenal function of rats treated thus: control, PFOA (5 mg/kg), NAC (50 mg/kg), PFOA + NAC (5 and 25 mg/kg), and PFOA + NAC (5 and 50 mg/kg). We observed that NAC significantly (p < 0.05) reduced PFOA-induced increase in hepatic and renal

The production of nanomaterials continues its rapid growth; however, newly manufactured nanomaterials' environmental and health safety are among the most significant concerns. A safety assessment is usually a lengthy and costly process, so computational studies are often used to complement experimental testing. One of the most time-efficient techniques is structure-activity relationships (SAR) modeling

Although considerable inter-individual variability exists in health effects associated with air pollutant exposure, underlying reasons remain unclear. We examined whether innate differences in stress axis function modify lung glucocorticoid and macrophage responses to ozone (O3). Highly-stress responsive Fischer (F344) and less responsive Lewis (LEW) rats were exposed for 4 h by nose-only inhalation

Metal contaminations in commercial fish have become a great public health concern worldwide including Bangladesh. The current study was conducted to provide preliminary evidence of nine metals in three commercially significant fish namely Pampus argenteus, Sardinella longiceps and Tenualosa ilisha collected from four coastal stations- Kuakata, Pathorghata, Cox's Bazar, and Pirojpur, and eight stations

Chronic exposure to vehicle exhaust emissions are known to cause several adverse health effects. In this study, we examined the impact of several parameters of behavioral, cardiovascular and biochemical functions upon exposure of pro-oxidants CO2, NO2 and CO (simulated vehicle exhaust exposure: SVEE) in male and female rats. Adult rats were subjected to SVEE or ambient air in whole body chambers (5 h/day

Human renal epithelial (HK-2) cells were treated with PM2.5 (50 μg/mL) from Shenzhen and Taiyuan, proteomics and bioinformatics were used to screen the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). A total of 577 DEPs were screened after HK-2 cells exposed to Shenzhen PM2.5, of which 426 were up-regulated and 151 were down-regulated. A total of 1250 DEPs were screened in HK-2 cells after exposure to Taiyuan

Evidence in humans suggests a correlation between nicotine smoking and severe respiratory symptoms with COVID-19 infection. In lung tissue, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) appears to mechanistically underlie viral entry. Here, we investigated whether e-cigarette vapor inhalation alters ACE2 and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression in male and female mice. In male lung, nicotine

In the study, we assessed how acute changes in water temperature and dissolved ammonia concentration can affect the swimming behavior pattern of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The behavior was analyzed in three different stages: 1) increase stage, (where temperature and ammonia concentration increase during this step, respectively); 2) unchanged stage, (where levels of both factors do not change

Agricultural airborne work exposures are complex in nature and workplace exposures are a risk for respiratory outcomes in workers. Endotoxin and glyphosate are two common agents in agricultural exposures. While endotoxin (lipopolysaccaride, LPS) is a potent inflammatory agent it explains only a portion of the respiratory inflammatory response. The inflammatory potential when LPS is presented with another

Phoenixin-14 has been reported to be implicated in the process of blood glucose metabolism, reproduction, lipid deposition and cardioprotection. However, the role of phoenixin-14 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unkown. In this study, we focused on the effects of phoenixin-14 on VSMCs under oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) treatment. The experimental results demonstrated that

Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are the major components of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and chronic exposure is recognized to enhance respiratory system complications. Although the spread of SARS-CoV-2 was found to be associated with the PMs, the mechanism by which exposure to DEP increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection is still under discussion. However, diesel fine PM (dPM) elevate the

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are members of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This study aimed to determine the protective role of Nrf2 against the toxicity of these agents. Nrf2-/- and wild-type astrocytes were exposed to PFOS (75−600 μM) and PFOA (400−1000 μM) for 24 h. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was significantly higher in nrf2-/- than in the wild-type

Ambient air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may increase cardiovascular disease risks. In this study, we investigated the miR-208/GATA4/myosin heavy chain (MHC) regulation mechanisms on cardiac injury in rats after PM2.5 exposure via an animal inhalation device. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure for 2 months caused pathological heart injury, reduced nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, and increased the levels

Background Longer serum half-lives of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in humans compared to other species has been attributed to differences in the activity of organic anion transporters (OAT). Methods Among 56,175 adult participants in the community-based C8 Health Project, 23 subjects were taking the uricosuric OAT-inhibitor probenecid, and 36 subjects were taking the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine

With the increasing demand for typical hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) in chemical industry, there is an increased leakage risk of these HNS during transportation by vessel and storage nearby seashore. In this study, the acute toxicity of nonylphenol, butyl acrylate and 1, 2-dichloroethane to Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) and Platymonas subcordiformis (P. subcordiformis), was investigated

Telomeres consist of specialized non-coding DNA repeat sequences. They are essential for preserving the integrity of the genome during cancer development, senescence. Mammalian telomeres might have 1–50 kb of telomeric DNA, which becomes 40–200 base pairs shorter after per cell cycle, and becomes 5–8 kilobase shorter during senescence. There are many studies on the correlation of telomere length and

Chemotherapy is generally effective for extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), nasal type. Nevertheless, multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a key challenge in treating nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is reportedly an important regulator of MDR in many cancers, implicating a role of IL-6 in the chemotherapy response. However, the effects and mechanism of IL-6 in nasal

Emerging pollutants represent a group of synthetic or naturally occurring compounds that are not normally monitored within the environment but can enter into the environment and cause different adverse ecological and health effects. This systematic review identified the various emerging pollutants in Nigeria. The following databases, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journals OnLine

This study aimed to investigate whether Cr(VI) induced tight joint and oxidative damage in the small intestine, as mediated by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Notch1 axis crosstalk. Thirty-two ICR mice were obtained and subjected to Cr(VI) via intragastric administration daily for 5 days. Western blot (WB) analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

The aberrant micro-RNA (miR) expression has been reported to play a vital role in proliferation and tumorigenesis and of several human cancers. MicroRNA-365 (miR-365) has been shown to exhibit tumor-suppressive or oncogenic role in several human cancers. Nonetheless, little is known about its growth regulatory role in human multiple myeloma. The present study characterized the regulatory control exercised

Metam sodium (MS) is a widespread biocide with a broad-spectrum activity. Here, we addressed the behavioral impact of MS by exposing female mice to 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of MS during both pregnancy and lactation, and evaluated the oxidative stress as a potential mechanism of MS-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed that MS affected fertility and reproduction parameters as well as some aspects of

The aim of CONTAMILK study was to estimate levels of contamination of breast milk (BM) of Moroccan nursing mothers by some xenobiotics including, lead (Pb), to identify associated factors of exposure and to determine the daily intake of newborns. Lead concentrations were determined in 70 samples of colostrum by ICPMS and a structured questionnaire was filled during milk collection to report participants’

Lumefantrine is used to treat uncomplicated malaria caused by pure or mixed Plasmodium falciparum infections and as a prophylactic against recrudescence following artemether therapy. However, the pharmaceutical is released into the aquatic environment from industrial effluents, hospital discharges, and human excretion. This study assessed the effects of lumefantrine on the growth and physiological

External environment affects cellular physiological processes and impact the stability of our genome. The most important structural components of our linear chromosomes which endure the impact by these agents, are the chromosomal ends called telomeres. Telomeres preserve the integrity of our genome by preventing end to end fusions and telomeric loss through by inhibiting DNA damage response (DDR) activation

Cardiotoxicity is one of the primary limitations in the clinical use of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in DOX-induced cardiomyocyte death has not yet been covered. To investigate this, we observed a significant increase in miR-98 expression in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes after DOX treatment, and MTT, LIVE/Dead and Viability/Cytotoxicity staining

This research aimed to investigate the reno-protective impact of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib (DAS) against renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats. DAS administration improved renal function and mitigated renal oxidative stress with paralleled reduction in the ligated kidney mass index, significant retraction in renal histopathological alterations and suppression

Marine and land plastic debris biodegrades at micro- and nanoscales through progressive fragmentation. Oceanographic model studies confirm the presence of up to ∼2.41 million tons of microplastics across the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian subtropical gyres. Microplastics distribute from primary (e.g., exfoliating cleansers) and secondary (e.g., chemical deterioration) sources in the environment. This

This study seeks to determine if members of a pediatric (<18 years) sample who have high levels of the urinary volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolite of acrylonitrile, N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-l-cysteine (CYMA), are significantly more likely to be living in a household with indoor tobacco smoke exposure. A weighted logistic regression was used to compare pediatric participants in the highest quartile

Arsenic is a metalloid that has been hypothesized to be an environmental risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a disease having hyperphosphorylated tau aggregate as a marker. The present study demonstrated that prolonged exposure to sodium arsenite at low micromolar range (1−10 μM) reduced Tau 1 (recognizing dephosphorylated tau at residues 189–207) and elevated pS202 tau in differentiated human

Arsenic, an environmental pollution with diverse toxicities, incurs public health problems. Arsenic trioxide could inhibit cell proliferation in vitro experiments, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully known. LncRNAs are also involved in the arsenic-induced toxicological responses. In our study, we found that the expression of lncRNA DICER1-AS1 was significantly inhibited by sodium arsenite in

The field of ageing research has been rapidly advancing in recent decades and it had provided insight into the complexity of ageing phenomenon. However, as the organism-environment interaction appears to significantly affect the organismal pace of ageing, the systematic approach for gerontogenic risk assessment of environmental factors has yet to be established. This puts demand on development of effective

Ethylene bisdithiocarbamate pesticides, including Mancozeb (MZ), are used as fungicides. Effects of MZ on apoptosis induction and mitochondrial activity of HT-29 colon cells were investigated. MZ exposed cells exhibited blebbing and cellular membrane disruption in scanning electron micrographs. Positive fluorescent staining with Annexin V at doses of 60–140 μM supports apoptosis as the mechanism of

Background Inflammatory reactions induced by alveolar macrophages and excessive fibroblast activation lead to pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis. The endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a key source of myofibroblasts. ZC3H4 is a member of the CCCH zinc finger protein family that participates in macrophage activation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, whether ZC3H4 is involved

Exposure to environmental toxicants is linked to long-term adverse outcomes in the brain and involves the dysfunction of glial and neuronal cells. Astrocytes, the most numerous cell type, are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases of the central nervous system, including neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes are critical for proper brain function in part due to their robust antioxidant

This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) and the activities of paraoxonase 1 in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We found significant higher PCSK9, whereas lower high-density lipoprotein concentration in the serum of women with PCOS when compared to the group without PCOS. Also paraoxonase 1 activities were significantly

To explore the relationship of oxidative stress and TGF-β 1/Smad3 pathway in the inhibition of osteoblast mineralization by copper chloride (CuCl2), the osteoblasts were treated with CuCl2 (0, 50 μM, 100 μM, 150 μM CuCl2 5H2O) for 24 h. We found that Cu impaired the osteoblast structure, inhibited the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and c-fos-silenced HBE cells were first exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and the resulting miRNA sequenced. Thereafter, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed using Cytoscape software to visualize the interactions between identified hub miRNAs and their target genes. Nine differentially expressed miRNAs in hub miRNAs were identified

People who drink water contaminated with arsenic for a long time develop neuritis, cerebellar symptoms, and deficits in memory and intellectual function. Arsenic induces oxidative stress and promotes apoptosis through multiple signalling pathways in nerve cells. Neuroglobin (Ngb), as a key mediator, is considered to be protective against oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to study the effects

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners were analyzed in house dust samples collected in Croatian households. ∑PBDEs ranged between 1.1 ng g−1 dust and 17662.4 ng g−1 dust with BDE-99 being the most dominant congener accounting for approximately 60 %. The estimated daily intake (EDI) for toddlers as the most vulnerable population group ranged from 0.003 to 55.04 and from 0.01 to 110.07 ng kg−1

Triclosan (TCS) is widely used in personal hygiene products, such as mouthwash and toothpaste, and is found in human tissues. Interleukin (IL)-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (IFNγ) are pro-inflammatory cytokines and inappropriately elevated levels of each have been associated with pathologies including rheumatoid arthritis and certain cancers. Here we

Heavy metal contamination of soil has become a public concern. Earthworms are key players in the functioning and service of soil ecosystems, with comprehension of their introduction in the polluted soil offering new insights into the protection of soil resources. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) introduction and Cd (0, 10, 30, and 60 mg kg-1 of Cd) exposure

The environmental contamination with lead (Pb) is considered a critical issue worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of circulating miRNAs (miR-155, miR-126, and miR-145) in Mexican women exposed to Pb. Blood lead levels (BLL) were assessed in enrolled women (n = 190) using an atomic absorption method. Also, serum miRNAs expression levels were quantified through a

Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has been received great concerns because of its increasing presence in various environmental compartments and toxicity. In the present study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCEP (0.2, 2, 20, 200 μg/L) from 3 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). The results showed that TCEP exposure (20, 200 μg/L) led to developmental

The purpose of this study was to confirm the limit of salinity tolerance in juvenile olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) by changes in blood parameters, AChE, antioxidant and stress responses. The P. olivaceus (mean weight 38.8 ± 4.2 g and mean length 16.4 ± 1.2 cm) were exposed to different concentrations of salinity (seawater, 16, 8, 4, 2, and 0 psu) for 2 weeks. Plasma osmotic pressure was

This review discussed the occurrence, ecological impacts, and effects of metformin, a drug used for type 2 diabetes among other diseases. It is one of the most commonly found medicines in aquatic environments owing to its incomplete metabolism in the human body, and is eventually disposed in wastewater. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed as a guide

To compare the influence of water samples collected from various areas on toxic effect of HNS, we examined the toxic effect of two commonly found HNS: p-chloroaniline and butyl acrylate, on Nannochloropsis oculata cultured in seawater collected from Laizhou bay and Jiaozhou bay (China). The results showed that both p-chloroaniline and butyl acrylate had significant toxic effect on N. oculata cultured

Air pollution has association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and reduced life expectancy. This study investigated the deleterious effects caused by tobacco smoke and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) from vehicles operating under EURO 3 and EURO 5 standards. Experiments were carried out on C57BL/6 mice divided into six groups: control group, group exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), two