To develop a solution for clean gas supply and biomass utilization and indirect renewable power storage, this work proposes a novel SNG process integrating O2-enriched air gasification with O2 purity range of 80% – 96%. Low-cost vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) is integrated to produce O2 with purities of 80% and 90%; while cryogenic air separation (CAS) is applied for 96% O2 purity. Besides

The acceleration of global warming induced by uncontrolled CO2 emission has placed a potential threat to human survival and development. The unique properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) including having appropriate surface basicity, low regeneration temperature and high theoretical CO2 uptake capacity make it a promising adsorbent candidate for CO2 capture. Herein, the development and investigation of

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized in calcium alginate beads by extruding an alginate/HRP solution through a syringe onto calcium chloride. The aim of this study was to evaluate their use to remove the azo-dye Orange II (OII), under different experimental conditions, such as the number of beads, pH, reuse of the biocatalyst, hydrogen peroxide feeding strategy. A mathematical model that takes

Synergistic effects of pool fires in fire-induced domino accidents can result in greater damage than single pool fire. Existing research mainly adopts a superposition method based on simplified assumptions to analyze the contribution of synergistic effect of pool fires for domino effects. Therefore, the synergistic effect of pool fires has not been well understood. In this study, a new CFD-based method

At least one third of sharks and their cartilaginous relatives (Class Chondrichthyes) meet the IUCN Red List Criteria for being threatened with extinction. Overfishing is the primary threat, with less than 4% of the world's shark catches managed for sustainability. The high-value shark-fin trade has gained the greatest attention as a conservation issue, yet there has been little research on shark-fin

Spontaneous coal combustion was proved to cause methane accumulation and methane explosions in coal mine goafs. To avoid possible methane explosions, the empirical engineering measure, ventilation dilution, is proposed in coal mines though its disaster prevention mechanism has not been well understood. Through experimental and numerical simulations, the superposition effect of the air leakage and coal

Recently, the rapid worldwide growth of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination capacity has reignited the boron removal challenge in drinking water. The objective of this review is to discuss the recent advances and patents in boron mitigation strategies in SWRO systems, and to present the energy and environmental concerns of SWRO desalination system with boron rejection. First, the operating

Lead metal smelting waste acid containing high concentrations of arsenic and sulfuric acid threaten human health and pose huge potential environmental risks due to its possible leakages during storage and disposal. In order to remove arsenic in smelting waste acid, a new method for arsenic removal by adding zero-valent lead and CuSO4 is proposed. The substitution reaction between zero-valent lead and

Due to the complex effects of combined loadings on complete steel structures, the combined effects of high-velocity projectile impact and heat radiation due to a pool-fire on a vertical Q345 steel tank have not been generally considered. In this study, a consecutive coupling approach is established. The combined effects of projectile perforation and heat radiation on the failure modes and fire resistance

To explore the reasons for the excellent denitrification performance of the Micro-pressure double-cycle reactor (MPDR), the nitrogen removal mechanism of the reactor in the treatment of municipal wastewater was studied. Through analysis of flow simulation and dissolved oxygen (DO) distribution, it was determined that the reactor had a macroscopic biochemical reaction environment for simultaneous nitrification

Dynamic risk assessment is a main research task of process safety. One of the main methods of dynamic risk assessment is to measure the distance between the real-time state and its threshold (dangerous state). Due to the influence of temperature, pressure and other factors, the dangerous state will often be expanded into a “dangerous range” of states. At present, most of the “dangerous range” are determined

Aluminium powder has a very high risk of explosion. To clarify the disastrous effects of the overpressure and high temperatures during an aluminium powder explosion in a constrained space and the distribution of the outdoor safe distance, the explosion and venting processes of aluminium dust in a large-scale building were investigated under different venting coefficients, Kv (Kv = Av/Ap), using computational

The conversion of waste cardboard using microwave assisted hydrothermal method to obtain reducing sugars and versatile chemical blocks is reported in this work. The findings revealed that microwave assisted dilute acid hydrothermal conversion of cardboard is effective and efficient, as it removed considerable amount of CaCO3 in cardboard to keep the microwave conversion pressure at a stable status

The influence of the multi-component composition of cotton and polyester dyeing baths was investigated in a DCMD process using a PTFE membrane, aiming to water reclamation from textile wastewater. The process was evaluated with each auxiliary, solutions combining auxiliary and dye, and residual water from pilot-scale dyeing baths. The salts used in the cotton dyeing bath did not influence the DCMD

The high-pressure leakage of underground pipeline could entrain the nearby sands and soils, and thus cause the jet fire of gas-solid mixtures. In addition, the thermal runaway of Lithium ion batteries could also cause a typical gas-solid jet diffusion flame. In comparison with the gaseous jet diffusion flame and the gas-solid-air jet premixed flame, the gas-solid jet diffusion flame lacks of exploration

In many actual industrial scenes, the coal body and coal dust are not always in the tiled state, but in the inclined situation. A two – dimensional transient numerical model of coal oxidation reaction was established to study the self–ignition and smoldering characteristics of coal dust layers in the presence of inclination angle. The effects of gravity and thermal buoyancy were considered to solve

Pressure fluctuation is commonly used to characterize the dynamic of fluidized bed, and bubble movements resulting in pressure fluctuations will seriously affect the stable operation of fluidized bed. This paper presents an extreme value statistical analysis model that uses generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution to analyze the pressure fluctuation time series, predict its future fluctuation state

The development of offshore oil and gas resources is inevitable for a submarine pipe network. Submarine pipeline leakage can easily escalate into a catastrophic event, causing enormous loss of life and property and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct risk assessments of submarine pipelines. A failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a significant method in risk analysis

For the characteristics of high frequency and strong suddenness of dynamic disasters in deep coal mines, the traditional detection and evaluation techniques applied to shallow coal mine failed to accurately judge the risk degree of disasters. Therefore, it is of great significance to use advanced detection technologies and appropriate evaluation methods to improve the accuracy and efficiency of risk

In this study, a wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) with combination of electric field and charged water drop atomization was designed for fine particle collection, which replaced the traditional water film and mechanically spray. The removal performance was evaluated considering applied voltage, water flow rate, gas residence time, dust concentration, and continuous operation time. Results indicated

Two energy efficient extractive distillation processes are proposed to separate acetonitrile/1,4-dioxane/water mixture in this study. The COSMO-SAC model is chosen to screen suitable entrainer and dimethyl sulfoxide is selected. Process intensification technologies of heat pump and heat integration are utilized in the processes for energy conservation. Several evaluation methods containing energy,

The present investigation describes the use of bioadsorbent, ozonolysis, and integrated process (ozone integrated with bioadsorbent) treatment for leather industrial dye (Acid Yellow 2GL) removal from simulated wastewater. The morphological characterization of agriculturally based, chemically activated bioadsorbent was presented using SEM, FTIR, XRD, and BET analysis which suggested the high potential

The leather industry has been looking for alternatives to minimize its environmental impacts, including studies to reduce the pollution load of liquid effluents from the leather process. Although studies reducing the supply of chemicals have already indicated optimized offers of fatliquoring and retanning agents, the effect of the scale-up of these optimized conditions on effluents and the quality

Thermal runaway is a major safety concern for Lithium-ion batteries in manufacture, storage, and transport. Facing the frequent incidents in the air transport of massive batteries, more reliable fire prediction and protection strategies under low-pressures conditions are urgently needed. Herein, thermal runaway criticality of the open-circuit cylindrical battery piles (up to 9 cells with 30% SOC) under

An integration Markov/CCMT analytics platform for dynamic reliability and risk analysis of digital process control system is presented in the paper. The Markov/CCMT analytics platform is integrated with a simulation-based testing and matrix-based coding paradigm for automatic generation and unsupervised learning update of probabilistic mapping model and a versatile Markov/CCMT algorithm for multiway

The pressure changes dramatically during the shutdown process of the multi-product pipeline. When the pipeline pressure comes to decrease, it is often mistaken as pipeline leakage or other abnormal condition which increases the burden of the operator on-site. At present, the method of pipeline shutdown pressure analysis is mainly based on numerical simulation which can not monitor shutdown pressure

Gas inerting process is a great hazard for chemical tanker ships and utmost care is required considering the harmful effects to humans’ health. Most of the chemical tanker ship-owners face near-miss or accident (asphyxia/fire/explosion) during gas inerting process on-board ship. The consequences of the process may pose catastrophic results such as explosion, fire or asphyxiation. Therefore, a detailed

Learning from past incidents is critical to achieving and maintaining high process safety performance. Accident and incident records provide one way for learning; however, these are usually in the form of unstructured texts, which makes analysis difficult. Recently, text mining methods based on supervised learning have been proposed for analyzing accident reports; however, they require an impractically

Chemical processes usually exhibit complex, high-dimensional, time-varying, and non-Gaussian characteristics, and the diagnosis of faults in chemical processes is particularly important. However, many current fault diagnosis methods do not consider the temporal correlation of process data, feature selection, and feature sequence arrangement. To solve this problem, this paper presents a fault diagnosis

Pipeline leak identification method using transient frequency response (TFR) has been researched in the past two decades. To extend this method to a more general water pipeline system with hydraulic uncertainties, this work (1) introduces deep learning (DL) into the TFR-based leak identification framework and (2) develops extended TFR equations in matrix form for DL learning set generation. In this

Coal-fired heating, mainly used in North China, has caused serious environmental problems. Schemes to replace coal have been established, but they are not suitable for all scenarios. This paper proposes a heating scheme that uses a methanol heating stove (MHS) to meet the demand for clean, low-cost rural heating. The economy, emissions, and energy consumption of the MHS were analyzed. The scheme was

Introducing Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools is one of the development trends in complex industrial systems in the industry 4.0 environment. Unique challenges in system operations need to be handled by effective operation support systems. The knowledge-based operation support systems are developing rapidly in recent years. The paper aims at highlighting the concerns of knowledge acquisition and representation

In chemical processes, grasping the changing trend of critical parameters can help field operators take appropriate adjustments to eliminate potential fluctuations. Thus, deep networks, renowned for its revolutionary feature representation capability, have been gradually exploited for building reliable prediction models from massive data embraced tremendously nonlinearities and dynamics. Because of

This study comprehensively investigates the inhibition characteristics of the electrokinetic removal (EKR) of inorganic pollutants from soil due to evolution of the acidic and alkaline fronts (EAAF). The effects of EAAF on the ion strength of the soil pore fluid, potential distribution, soil colloids, clay minerals, and soil microstructure are systematically examined, in addition to the control effects

Sorption-enhanced reaction process (SEPR) can produce high yield of hydrogen with in-situ CO2 removal using CaO. A key requirement for the process is the integration of effective Ca-based sorbents into catalytic schemes. In this work, the research progress of Ca-based CO2 sorbents in SEPR is summarized. The positive effects by Ca-based sorbents are analyzed. The methods to improve the reactivity of

Basically, the existing information security risk assessments use mathematics, statistics and computer science to analyze the information assets. Current academic risk assessment methodologies do not completely solve the risk from invisible cyber threats. More research and efforts are needed to fully complement the current risk assessment methodology. The most important things to be supplemented is

Water distribution Networks (WDNs) are one of the most important infrastructures for modern society. Due to accidental or malicious reasons, water contamination incidents have been repeatedly reported all over the world, which not only disrupt the water supply but also endanger public health. To ensure the safety of WDNs, water quality sensors are deployed across the WDNs for real-time contamination

An inorganic-biopolymers hybrid flocculant (PSAC-SA) was prepared by modifying sodium alginate onto polysilicate aluminum calcium (PSAC) through coordination between SA and Ca2+. The preparation conditions of PSAC-SA and the flocculation parameters that influence of the turbidity and color removal efficiency were investigated and optimized. The flocculation experiments results showed that the maximum

China’s chemical industry has experienced rapid development in the past decades. However, thermal runaway incidents have sporadically occurred, posing a serious threat to the development of the industry. This study performed the statistical analysis of 271 thermal runaway incidents that occurred in China from 1984 to 2019. Incident characteristics include the number of incidents, fatalities, spatial

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread over the world, resulting in more than 225 million patients, and 4.7 million deaths in September 2021. It also caused panic and terror, halted numerous activities, and resulted in the world economy deteriorates. It altered human behavior and compelled people to alter their lifestyles to avoid infection. Air conditioning systems are one of the most important

1-((Cyano-1-methylethyl) azo) formamide (CABN) is an azo initiator that has the inherent property of being decomposed at high temperatures with considerable amounts of heat generated. The thermal hazard of CABN is the main consideration in the occurrence of serious accidents. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to obtain the heat flow profiles and thermodynamic parameters

The shortage of energy and the aggravation of eutrophication are two major problems in China. The use of municipal wastewater to cultivate lipid-producing microalgae for the production of biodiesel not only reduces the production cost of biodiesel and alleviates energy shortage, but also mitigates eutrophication and protects the water environment. This study explored the effects of light, pH, and nutrients

The fluidized bed reactor has been recognized for large-scale CaO/Ca(OH)2 heat storage system. In this work, the effects of critical factors such as particle size, fluidization number, steam concentration in hydration, initial temperature, cycle number and type of carrier gas on heat release performance of CaO in the fluidized bed reactor were experimentally investigated. CaO under fluidization state

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are among the most effective methods used to reduce NOX emissions in internal combustion engines. SCR system performance is directly related to exhaust gas characteristics such as temperature and mass flow rate. Two-stroke engines commonly used in ships have different exhaust gas temperatures compared to four-stroke engines. In low-speed two-stroke diesel