With the advent of industry 4.0, many traditional industries are moving toward automation, intelligence, and large-scale. The continuous expansion of production scale also means that the structure of industrial processes and the interactions between subsystems are becoming increas- ingly complex, which also introduced potential safety risks into the actual production. Due to the complexity and danger

Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis is a prominent technology for the production of high-quality fuel intermediates and value-added chemicals from polystyrene waste. The objectives of this study were to understand the role of catalyst (KOH) on polystyrene (PS) pyrolysis. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted using a microwave oven at a power of 450 W and a temperature of 600 °C. Graphite susceptor

Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) is a novel and effective material for sterilization, disinfection, and bleaching. However, the utilization of NaDCC has caused several thermal runaway incidents worldwide, raising attention to exploring its unknown thermal hazards. This paper simulated the different incident conditions to conduct a comparative study on the thermal stability and decomposition of NaDCC

Experimental investigations of dust explosions in standard industrial testing equipment such as the MIKE3 minimum ignition energy (MIE) testing device are promising ways of producing fundamental insights into dust cloud ignitability. However, advanced experimental methods must be developed to characterize the dust cloud ignition and combustion behavior of various types of dust. In this work, high-speed

Monitoring the dust cloud dispersion process inside testing equipment like the MIKE3 minimum ignition energy device is useful for assessing the ignitability characteristics of different dust materials. However, it is difficult to comprehensively capture the relevant micro-scale particle properties and macro-scale flow behavior of a dust cloud dispersion using a single measurement method. Thus, the

Monitoring data of process variables can reflect the system condition, which can be used to perform real-time failure assessment of process operations. This paper presents a data-driven methodology for dynamic failure assessment of process operations using process monitoring data, and it is comprised of Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) implemented with Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM). The monitoring

Given the unprecedented rates of global warming, widespread shifts in species’ distributions are anticipated to play a key role for their survival. Yet, current conservation policies often allocate priority to native species and their typical habitats, thereby preserving historic conditions rather than preparing for future species distributions. Policy initiatives aimed at halting biodiversity loss

The Tree of Life—phylogeny—provides a powerful tool for understanding the processes regulating life's diversity. Conserving the branches on the Tree of Life might also have practical benefits. Using a comprehensive phylogeny of southern African woody trees and shrubs, and structural equation modeling, we show that human population density correlates closely with not only the richness of woody plants

To demonstrate the effect of propane co-firing on the explosion characteristics of the oxygen-enriched biogas, deflagration experiments were conducted in a semi-open duct. The results show that the tulip flame transforms from an existence to a disappearance with increasing oxygen fraction. The increasing brightness of the flame indicates that the increase in oxygen fraction can enhance the explosion

Explosion is a significant threat to chemical process safety, which often occurs suddenly with a wide range of impact, resulting in catastrophic disasters. Predictions of explosion hazards are required for regional safety assessment and disaster resilience enhancement of chemical industrial parks (CIPs). This paper, therefore, aims to develop a conceptual framework for systematically analyzing explosion

This work focuses on the degradation of the hazardous azo dye Naphthol Blue Black (NBB) utilizing an innovative approach combining electro-Fenton (EF), ultra-violet (UV), and ultra-sound (US) processes while varying the operating parameters (concentration of iron and dye, pH, current intensity). Under the optimum experimental conditions, an excellent degradation efficiency of the NBB dye is achieved

In this study, a multi-factor reaction thermal risk model and a safety optimization method based on partial least squares (PLS) method were proposed. First, orthogonal experiments of key influencing factors were designed to obtain the correlation data between influencing factors and characteristic indicators of thermal risk. Then, the PLS method was employed to establish the reaction thermal risk model

Submarine pipelines are the major transportation mode of marine oil and gas resources. Because of submarine pipeline damage, the leakage of oil and gas will result the serious consequences such as environmental disasters, fires and explosions, and huge economic losses. There are variously internal and external factors that initiate spill accidents of oil and gas. To prevent and mitigate such accidents

In order to investigate the mechanism on the microstructure of soot by adding biodiesel to diesel, the soot of biodiesel/diesel mixed fuel was collected by a constant volume combustion chamber, and the microstructure characteristics of soot were studied by SAXS and HRTEM techniques. The results showed that the added biodiesel reduced the delay of ignition and advanced the peak time of soot generation

Process safety assists in improving the operational, economic, and environmental performance of processing facilities. This study addresses the critical process safety challenges at the process design and operation stage through an effective risk minimization strategy. The process risk index (PRI), a heuristic-based approach, is used to map risk and explore the effect of process deviations on process

Hazardous materials are usually stored in large tanks surrounded by bunds to prevent the disastrous consequences of catastrophic tank failure. The effectiveness of the bunds system is demonstrated by its ability to prevent liquid overtopping and withstand dynamic pressure. Therefore, this work experimentally investigates the effect of bund design parameters, including shapes, inclined angles and breakwaters

The environmental problem posed by shale gas wastewater has received considerable research attention. Researchers mostly focus on the technical aspect of terminal centralized treatment with little concern on the topic of early collection and on-site pretreatment of PW near gas gathering stations. In this study, the short-term fluctuations of the DOM molecular composition and the concurrent transformation

Caro et al. (2022) assert that there is an “inconvenient misconception” in conservation biology that climate change poses a significant risk to biodiversity. They support their claim with suggestions that climate change has not been a major recorded driver of species extinctions since 1900 and has not been reported as a key driver in IUCN threat analyses. However, given the accelerating and nonlinear

Engineering infrastructure incorporate complex systems, hazardous materials and often operated by human beings, making them prone to catastrophic accidents. Continuously improving system safety of the facilities and their operations requires a well-established asset management practices. The history of hazardous events in some domains such as process facilities suggest that many accidents have occurred

Recycling treatment of wastewater containing hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] has always been an important environmental issue. In this paper, taking advantage of the natural affinity of CrO42− and lead ions, lead carbonate was selected as a precipitant to recover Cr (VI) in the form of chrome yellow (PbCrO4). Firstly, the variation of Cr (VI) and lead species in K+-CrO42−-Pb2+-CO32− solution system with

With the continuous exploitation of primary high-quality mineral resources, these resources could be gradually exhausted, so it is of great significance to recover iron-rich basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as secondary mineral resources. Given the composition characteristics of BOF slag, a method of synergetic modification of copper slag as additive and BOF slag was proposed to separate iron minerals

To understand the characteristics and main impact factors of microplastics in wastewater at Shaanxi Province of China, the abundance, color, size and composition of microplastics in the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in two regions have been comprehensively studied. Three different types of wastewater have been investigated, including industrial wastewater, wastewater

In damp environment of underground utility tunnels, natural gas pipelines may corrode, resulting in leakage from small holes. Considering the flammable and explosive properties of natural gas, accurate and prompt identification of leakage location and leakage rate after gas leaks is crucial for emergency repair. Prior research assumed that source leakage causes no disturbance on its surrounding flow

Need for increasing the shelf life of agricultural produce using renewable energy based A decentralized system are significantly increasing. The solar air heating systems (SAHs) are efiiecnet and environment fridnly systems which are used for preserving agricultural produce thourgh the reduction of moisture content. However, these systems had poor thermal efficiency and the way for increasing the effeiciney

In this study, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model is established in Ansys Fluent to describe the biodegradation of toluene in an internal loop airlift reactor (IALR). The Euler-Euler approach is used with the standard k-ε method to predict the hydrodynamics of the reactor, and the population balance model is used to describe the bubble size distribution in the reactor. The recently

In this paper various runaway criteria for batch reactors (BRs) and semi-batch reactors (SBRs) have been used and compared to study the boundaries of different thermal behaviors for the acetic anhydride hydrolysis reaction with the solvent of acetic acid carried out in BRs and SBRs. It is shown that the majority of criteria for BRs could give relatively precise results, but the remaining minority are

Controlling the SO2 emissions is crucial because they result in several environmental problems and affect human health. Several techniques have been proposed for controlling SO2 emissions. Limestone or lime-based absorbents are widely used for SO2 removal. However, their low solubility limits their applications. Ammonia solution has attracted attention owing to its higher SO2 removal efficiency. However

To reuse the exhaust heat produced by molten hydroxide direct carbon fuel cells (MHDCFCs), a new combined system mainly composed of an MHDCFC, a regenerator, and a Stirling heat engine (SHE) is theoretically integrated for fuel-to-power efficiency enhancement. Mathematical formulas of the performance indicators for the combined system are derived based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics

Bow-ties are used in multiple industries to effectively manage safeguards during operation. Benefits of bow-ties include clear communication, operator ownership, relationship between safeguards for various threats and consequences, and the visibility of safeguard health during operations. In oil and gas, the main application of bow-ties has been to manage high consequence risks pertaining to process

Interventions in Africa designed to stop biodiversity decline have often failed because they were based on a top-down approach to management and focused on enforcing restrictive rules and imposing bans. They were equally misaligned with the values and needs of local actors. This paper presents an African perspective on the discourse regarding the bushmeat crisis and shows that bushmeat in Africa goes

Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the surface micromorphology and components of the iron oxide sulfide powders respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to investigate the self-heating properties. It was observed that temperature had a significant effect on the microscopic

Determination of the explosion severity parameters of biomass is crucial for the safety management and dust explosion risk assessment of biomass-processing industries. These are commonly determined following experimental tests in the 20L sphere according to the international standards. Recently, CFD simulations have emerged as a reliable alternative to predict the explosion behavior with good accuracy