This paper presents a spatial equilibrium model to analyses the leverage impact of the legality requirements in the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR). The EUTR is part of the EU's Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) program, which aims to stimulate legal wood production and sustainable forest management at global level. This leverage effect is an argument in favor of FLEGT but it has never

Coniferous sawnwood is the most important solid wood product in terms of its production volume and economic significance. It also plays a vital role in the forestry-forest industry value chain. We estimated price- and income elasticities for per capita softwood sawnwood consumption based on FAO data. Varying demand patterns are found across the regions. Only the countries with little supply from their

Tropical dry forests covers 0.5 to 1.1 billion hectares which is about half of the tropical moist forest area. The forests fulfil many important ecological and economic functions and deliver manifold commodities for subsistence as well as for international demands. Despite their importance tropical dry forests seem to attain by far lesser attention than humid forests by the international research community

Forest ecosystems are notably influenced by: 1) the rate and spatial distribution of forest land development, and 2) how remaining undeveloped forest lands are managed. Regarding this second factor, economics and ecology research conducted in different locations in the U.S. suggests that increasing housing development can reduce the profitability of commercial timber production and thus the intensity

The forest sector in various ways fosters employment, community development and prevents depopulation in marginalized rural areas. Since the economic recession in Europe from 2009, there has been a notable change regarding the roles that public and private actors play in tackling current social and economic problems. The term Social Innovation (SI) came up to denote the overcoming of complex societal

This study examines the wood trade in response to China's new logging ban policy in natural forests (LBNF). Our identification is based on a triple-difference (DDD) strategy, in which the variations in the staggered policy implementation with region and time, together with the different trade responses between forest products, are jointly exploited. Our estimates show that the LBNF simulates an additional

In this paper, we analyse the socio-economic determinants of wildfire crime in Italy through panel data at the regional level. The first aim of the paper is to evaluate whether socioeconomic variables suggested by crime theory are linked to wildfire crime in Italy. Using Poisson-type models it is found that social vulnerability factors such as poverty and unemployment play an important role in driving

Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food producing sector in the world with an annual growth rate of 7%. In Norway alone production of this industry is projected to expand from 1.2 million tons today to 5 million tons by 2050, implying a rapid increase in the demand for sustainable salmon feed alternatives to conventional feed resources such as fish meal and fish oil. Yeast produced from nonfood

Forest cover has decreased dramatically in Southeast Asia over the last decades. Understanding the drivers behind these changes is critical to predict changes and minimise their adverse effects. The objectives of the present study were to provide accurate estimates of forest gains and losses in each country of Southeast Asia, and to test the hypothesis that changes in forest cover are linked to national

Despite widespread acknowledgement of the importance of entrepreneurship for poverty alleviation, studies on entrepreneurship are scant for farmers engaged in the production of non-timber forest products. This study, therefore, examines the entrepreneurial status of farmers involved in the production of non-timber forest products, focusing on those involved in a reforestation scheme in three forest

Family forest landowners own 39% of forestland in the United States. Here, we report that inequality in the distribution of family forestland, as measured by the Gini Index, has increased since 1993. The increase is not driving primarily by forest fragmentation, as the literature suggests, but instead by an 81% increase in area in tracts of more than 500 acres, especially in the Southern United States

Silvicultural treatments are a common tool for increasing commercial timber production. Their impact on the growth or mortality of the remaining stand is well researched. This study focuses on the economic aspects of silvicultural treatments in neotropical forests. We have selected liberation treatments and consider them to be investments that are expected to pay for themselves through the additional

Since 1990, forest area in Vietnam has increased by around 15%, and now comprises more than 42%. The increase is mainly due to the establishment of short rotation Acacia plantations, which assist in the rehabilitation of under-utilised lands, and can be grown in short rotations by smallholder farmers for a range of uses. Presently, a high demand for woodchips encourages farmers to maintain short rotations

Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), was adopted in Indonesia with an ambitious vision to promote a new mode of governance for Indonesia's forest, replacing a mode of ‘projectification’. Projectification, as described by Li (2016), is understood as a process through which plans for systematic long-term change collapse into incremental, simplified technical solutions

Sacred forests are natural forests conserved on the basis of religious beliefs and cultural practices of local communities. As deforestation and land use change threatens the remaining habitats of many tree species, sacred forests rose in importance as a refuge beyond the protected area network. Despite their conservation and cultural value, sacred forests are often sidelined in the main dialogue on

Institutional arrangements for managing forests at the constitutional level of the state define the property rights bundles through which rural households access benefits and manage forests in communal lands. Forest degradation in communal areas of Zimbabwe show that there is need to understand the influence of forest-related constitutional level rules on actual or perceived benefits to conserve, preserve

This study analyzes the productivity and profitability of Larix principis-rupprechtii and Pinus tabuliformis plantation forests in Northeast China. Three management regimes with different thinning intensities (heavy thinning, light thinning, and control) were considered. It is found that high initial planting densities without thinning cause high mortality and slow growth rates, leading to an unprofitable

It is well recognized that the establishment of protected areas is essential for protecting biodiversity. However, protected areas may have mixed ecological and socioeconomic effects. Scholars have agreed on the positive ecological effects of protected areas, but the socioeconomic effects remain contested. Moreover, most studies have analyzed socioeconomic and ecological effects separately, while there

This work aims at modeling the economics of the sylvo-cynegetic equilibrium in commercial forests, as defined by forestry authorities, with respect to uncertain damages to plantation stands caused by the overabundance of ungulate species. After presenting the stochastic optimal control framework, in which the dynamics of forest resources and the population dynamics of big game species are both considered

Governments around the world are promoting social forests as part of their stated commitments for sustainability and social justice. Since 2014, social forest policy in Indonesia has undergone rapid expansion, increasing by a factor of five, from 653,311 ha to around 3,369,583 ha in 2019. This paper examines the processes through which social forest policy is implemented to consider who benefits (access)

Indonesian forest and peat fires have become global concern. Not only the fires have caused regional environmental and humanitarian crises, they also have exacerbated global climate change. Radical and rapid land use change couple with irresponsible practice of clearing land through burning are key contributing factors. In response, the Indonesian government issued a strict ban on the practice. While

Forest industry companies are the chief exploiters of forest resources, and their day-to-day decisions and actions may have major implications for the sustainable development of forests, and for those who depend on them. Russian companies have a special place in this regard as they operate in the most forested country in the world and the local forest resources have considerable global effects. In

Although the social-ecological impacts of resettlement have been widely assessed, the concrete mechanisms by which ecological resettlement influences the livelihoods of resettled households have rarely been examined. Using data collected from a large household survey in southern Shaanxi, China and a propensity score matching method, this study explores the potential impact of resettlement on livelihood

Adoption of innovations is central to improved livelihoods of smallholders and agricultural modernization. The means of achieving optimum adoption rates, however, remain blurred amidst decades of research and interventions. This paper employed both content and meta-analysis to summarize the theoretical and empirical studies conducted in the past three decades in agroforestry (AF) adoption practice

Weak forest governance is posited as a key underlying driver of deforestation and forest degradation, but empirical evidence of this linkage is scarce. Many related studies capture the de jure (legal) conditions and miss out the de facto (implementation practices on the ground), particularly when considering the proximate drivers and other factors of deforestation. However, this is central for identifying

This study uses a choice experiment design to elicit the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for the highly endangered Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis) in Yancheng National Wetland Nature Reserve (YNWNR) in coastal China. It particularly analyzes the extent to which marginal WTP (MWTP) is influenced by conservation attitudes and income. Using a dataset collected from 262 respondents from Beijing through

Nordhaus' DICE model is used to investigate the economics of planting trees on 900 million ha of lands that can be reforested or afforested, as proposed by a number of researchers. By looking at the most optimistic restoration case, a large terrestrial sink can reduce projected future temperatures by more than 30%, with accompanying smaller marginal damages. It also turns out that optimal levels of

This paper investigates an unresolved question in environmental economics: An Environmental Kuznets Curve for deforestation (EKCd). It relies on a 55 year panel of forest cover data reconstructed from the periodic national forest inventories of 114 countries clustered in low, middle, and high income groups—as defined by the World Bank—and examines these clusters within both static and dynamic frameworks

We consider the management of a mono-specific even-aged forest at the stand level. Optimal silviculture based on timber income and sequestered carbon income in an no risk case and a risky case are compared. In this study, using calculus of variations we discuss the validity of using a risk adjusted discount rate (a rate of natural risk added to the discount rate) or using a carbon adjusted discount

Forests are prone to direct and indirect effects of climate change. Adaptation strategies have been developed to increase the resistance of forests towards climate change and to reduce the associated risks. However, the direction and degree of climate change remain deeply uncertain. This deep uncertainty is often neglected in forest management. Thus, alternative approaches such as robust decision-making

China’s new wave of collective forest tenure reform since 2003 (post-2003 reform) has been the research hotspot for years. However, the research is insufficient on how communities restructured forest tenure throughout this top-down devolution reform and the evolution and dynamics of community-level forest tenure changes over a long-term period. Based on the mixed methodology and multiple data sources

Agenda 2030 and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) form an overarching framework to guide development at all scales from local to global. They are intended to holistically address sustainability across its economic, ecological and social dimensions. A core tenant of this holistic approach is that all dimensions of sustainability are interlinked, such that changes in one dimension can have

This article conducts a systematic literature review of journal articles on innovation in forestry and forest-based industries. We include international, English language, peer-reviewed research articles included in the scientific databases Scopus and Web of Science since the 1980s. Our search for articles that specifically mention “innovation/innovativeness” and “forest/wood/timber” from a social

Palm oil is very important exported commodity in Indonesia, which currently generates more than USD18 billion to the national earnings. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) is the most efficient crop in terms of productivity in producing oil compared with other crops, such as soybean, rapeseed and sunflower. Indonesia is a major palm oil producer in the world, where the oil palm plantation covers more

Since 2013, the Chinese government has implemented a series of waste paper import regulations with the aim of improving the quality of imported waste paper. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of these new regulations on the quality of imported waste paper. The study analyzed the asymmetric effects and dynamics between China's domestic and imported waste paper prices and between

Although forest concessions have the potential to regulate the use and conservation of forest resources and protect the rights of traditional populations, international experiences have been controversial. In 2018, the Food and Agriculture Organization established 39 guidelines for tropical concession systems based on UN Agenda 2030. In this study, we compared the Brazilian experience in forest concessions

Agroforestry is a multifunctional and climatically smart agriculture that combines high food productivity with environmental protection according to the local sociocultural context, these advantages have prompted several countries that have developed national agroforestry initiatives, and policies. The main objective of this paper is to propose a Mexican precision agroforestry policy to promote economic

Russia possesses the world's largest forest reserves and is one of the major exporters in the world timber market. This paper explores the role of Russian forest products on the global market, taking into account competitiveness both at national and regional levels. The competitiveness level of traded goods was measured with three indicators using the approach of revealed comparative advantages. Analysis

Tactical harvest scheduling is related to forest unit selection and spatial sequencing. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is traditionally implemented in this type of planning, associating each forest unit with one or more binary and/or integer variables. However, the higher number of binary/integer variables used in a model, the higher complexity and processing time to find an optimal solution

Studies on the extent to which households are affected by earthquake and their varying degree of dependence on forest resources, particularly reliable and comprehensive ones, are very rare. This study assessed the types of shocks faced by the earthquake-hit households and the change in timber and firewood use patterns by them before and after the occurrence of devastating Gorkha earthquake-2015 in

In this paper, we start with the assumption that employee innovativeness cannot be observed without the influence of an intrapreneurial climate. We test this relationship and its effects in public forest enterprises (PFEs). The theoretical framework is based on the intrapreneurship concept. A model for testing the influence of an intrapreneurial climate on employee innovativeness was designed. The

Creating fiscal incentive mechanisms has become one of the most challenging elements of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). Scholars believe that the success of REDD+ will depend mainly on how its fiscal incentive mechanisms are designed and implemented. In the context of Indonesia's public finance, village fund (DD) as one of the funding devices under the Intergovernmental

Soil biodiversity is crucial for maintaining forest health and safeguarding forest ecosystem services delivery, but it is under increasing human pressure. Forest management puts pressure on soil biodiversity, but has also the potential to support soil biodiversity recovery, depending on which decisions forest managers make. These decisions are highly influenced by managers' perception and understanding

Governance systems are characterized by differing degrees of centralized vs decentralized decision-making and distribution of powers. This study investigates the history of Chinese centralized decentralization reforms in collective forestry using data from government documents and secondary literature based on the democratic decentralization and environmental governance frameworks. Additionally, it

Using a cutting-edge method and value-added trade data for 33 countries from 2005 to 2015, we assess the international competitiveness of China's forest products industry in this paper. The international competitiveness is measured with three indices—revealed comparative advantage, and participation and position in the global value chains (GVCs). Our results show that China's forest products industry

Homeowners in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) are strongly encouraged to protect their property from the risk of damage from forest fires. FireSmart Canada, similar to Firewise used in the United States, and Community Fireguard, Community FireWise, Community FireSafe and the Bushfire Ready Action Groups in Australia, provides recommendations based on physical science that found treating fuels in

The aim of the study was to evaluate the current level of awareness, implementation and need for knowledge of game-oriented forest management (GOFM) among forest owners and professionals. This information is necessary to understand the grounds for improving awareness and implementation of new forest management guidelines and to evaluate suitable policy instruments for the future. The study joins the

This paper serves as an introduction to a Special Issue (SI) of the Journal of Forest Policy and Economics dedicated to forest investment and finance. The Special Issue stemmed from an International Forest Business Conference (IFBC2018) held in Poland on 6–8 June 2018. It includes papers based on speeches at that conference, as well as others on similar topics not presented at the conference. Topics

Climate change poses a serious threat to many farmers' yield and income. Previous studies often applied a general approach to examine climate change mitigation strategies implemented by farmers. Our study focuses on income diversification of cocoa farmers in Ghana as a strategy to cope with climate change. We compiled data from 400 cocoa farmers, and applied a Heckman two-step regression to investigate

Forest education is confronted with the challenge of modernizing teaching approaches and methods, particularly so in light of changing employment and societal needs. Many innovative teaching methods are developed by multiple instructors and can be found at the local scales. They have a great and largely untapped potential for being recognized, further developed, and up-scaled. In order to facilitate

This paper analyses the consequences of responsibilization for women in natural resource management in Southern Tanzania. Participatory forest management (PFM) and Participatory Land Use Planning in Southern Tanzania provide a case study to interrogate how responsibilization impacts on the existing social order in a given community. As the study findings show, participatory initiatives have not fully

Drawing upon interviews with representatives of all the major forestry organisations in Sweden, this paper explores how, in their sales and services, they work to overcome the growing distance between forest owners and forests. The results indicate that increasing distance to forest owners in terms of sales and services work is largely dealt with by reorganisation of the sales process. Through trust-building

A harvest scheduling model when the natural risk is not only dependent on the age of the forest stand but also on the stock density is presented in this paper. In addition, damages to human lives, human health and infrastructure caused by natural risks are incorporated. Using a conditional current value approach, the optimal thinning and rotation length conditions are determined and used for the qualitative

This paper reviews the literature of an unresolved question in environmental economics, the environmental Kuznets curve for deforestation (EKCd). It begins by summarizing the general EKC, the idea that economies draw on their environmental resources during initial growth but, with further growth above some level, their environmental decline attains a turning point. Most investigations of the EKCd are

Spatial relationships between forest and PM2.5 concentrations are of great policy implications in regional afforestation layout and air pollution control. This paper investigates the transboundary externality of a city’s forest on the concentrations of PM2.5 in different city segments. Employing a mixed-regressive spatial panel model with data for 255 Chinese cities over 2000 to 2015, we find that

This article draws from the conceptual framework of techno-bureaucratic and developmentalist doxas to understand the social practice of responsibilization in governance of non-industrial private forestry (NIPF) in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. More specifically, attention is paid to responsibilization in the use of genetically improved tree seeds among small-scale tree growers. Data for the study

Forests have a huge potential to produce timber and sequester carbon in a joint process. Thus, afforestation projects have been widely undertaken across countries to achieve poverty alleviation and environment protection goals, specifically in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Our study determines the optimal rotation periods of afforestation projects with three different tree species (Chinese fir

To clarify how regional biodiversity is conserved by forest management plans, we compared the regional forest plans of Japan with nationwide forest plans and the condition of the forest at each regional level. Some important considerations (e.g., riparian areas) for conservation and maintenance of biodiversity in forest production landscapes were omitted from the descriptions in some regional plans

This article explores the potential of Amazon indigenous agroforestry practices and forest understandings for making global forest governance more nuanced and thus rethinking the value of forests in the context of multiple global crises. Indigenous forest practices and their inherent knowledge are included in current global governance in very limited ways. Onto-epistemological openings in forest policies