In Europe, 60% of the forest area is privately owned, with a significant proportion of nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) being highly fragmented with, in particular, low intensity forest management. Numerous typologies have therefore been developed to provide detailed guidance to policy makers for the design of policy instruments to involve these owners in forest management approaches. However, these

The development of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) plays an active role in overall economic development and is considered a new direction for sustainable forestry development to help people escape poverty. From micro data collected by a survey of poor, rural households living in the mountainous region of Central Vietnam, a structural equation model (SEM) incorporating the six factors of household

In a growing bioeconomy, traditional forest products markets change and diversify. Fossil-based inputs in the chemical, textile, apparel and downstream industries can be replaced by lignocellulose-based products such as dissolving pulp, cellulose-based chemical derivatives and textile fibres. When looking ahead, these previous niche products are likely to gain in economic importance. So far, little

Sustainable development requires knowledge of trade-offs and synergies between environmental and non-environmental goals and targets. Understanding the ways in which positive progress in matters of development not directly concerned with the environment can affect the natural environment, whether for better or for worse, can allow policymakers and development agencies to avoid the negative impacts

Scientific Forest Management (ScFM) is gaining scholarly and policy attention in Nepal. This interest validates the need for evidence on the costs and benefits for users in scientifically-managed community forests. This paper analyzes the costs incurred and the benefits that accrue to users under ScFM. Data was generated through a survey of 200 household representatives in the Nawalparasi Bardaghat-Susta

Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR) is carried out with the objective of regaining ecological functions and enhancing human well-being through intervention in degrading ecosystems. However, uncertainties and risks related to FLR make it difficult to predict long-term outcomes and inform investment plans. We applied a Stochastic Impact Evaluation framework (SIE) to simulate returns on investment

Implementing another round of massive collective forest tenure reform in China since in 2008 has not materialized the government's expectation on small-scale timber forestry–improved management practices and resource quality. One underlying cause to this outcome is farmer's risk-averse attitude, which has thus far garnered little research attention. In this study, we combine the prospect theory and

Urban Green Spaces (UGS) provide various environmental benefits to nature and are essential for people's overall well-being. UGS regulate temperature and humidity, absorb pollutants, and reduce soil erosion. Also, they improve the emotional and physical well-being of people and increase the environmental awareness of citizens. Due to its great importance, various studies have sought to economically

This article explored attitudes toward using genetic engineering (GE) for restoring American chestnut (AC) trees, and cognitive and socio-demographic factors related to these attitudes. Questionnaires were completed by a random representative sample of the US public (n = 278) and a purposive sample of forest interest groups (FIG) such as scientists and managers (n = 195). Results showed somewhat positive

Traditional forest-related knowledge (TFK) is under the risk of disappearance in many parts of the world, even though it can be an important source of knowledge for sustainable development. This study aims to assess the status of TFK retention and further identify the factors contributing to the erosion of TFK. A case of Dengcen, an ethnic village located in the Guizhou province of Southwest China

Abundance of information characterises decision-making about forest use. This challenges forest owners. Digitalisation and diverse e-services may enhance the delivery of forest resource information and decision support. However, little is known on how e-services engage forest owners. This study explores the Finnish state-funded Metsaan.fi e-service portal as a service innovation. We use web-based survey

Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes is a popular tool to address the problem of environmental degradation. However, these projects do not always produce their best outputs due to the inefficiencies of sustainable development policies. Although some sources of inefficiencies cannot be controlled, the implementation of PES systems following the integrated approach (more than one project acting

Trees outside forests (TOF) are integral components of rural livelihoods providing fodder, fruit, firewood, timber, and other ecosystem services. The extent and magnitude of the contribution of TOF may vary with the different socioeconomic and demographic factors of the households (HHs) within a community. Based on a comprehensive survey of 78 HHs and an inventory of their farms in the Tanahun district

Institutional bricolage continues to attract scientific and policy interest, especially in appreciating natural resource management outcomes. However, contemporary bricolage processes in forest-abundant countries where state rules interact with customary rules that have been, at least, partially shaped by different colonial agents, remain relatively less explored. This intriguing setting relates to

This paper is a replication and extension of Buitenzorgy and Mol (2011). We recreate the data and analyses from that paper on the impact of democracy on deforestation from 1990 through 2000 with great precision before extending the data set and analyses to include the period from 2000 through 2010. We find that the original results of Buitenzorgy and Mol (2011) were spurious and inconsistent in the

Small-scale producers currently manage approximately half of the plantation forest area in Vietnam; and 80% of the plantation wood is processed into woodchips. To promote higher value uses of the plantation wood, the Vietnamese government has released a number of policies that aim at stimulating the domestic industry, especially the production of furniture and the development of timber value chains

“Connectedness to nature” refers to an individual's sense of relatedness to nature, and has been extensively employed in analyzing the human−nature relationship. This study examines how connectedness to nature relates to environmental conservation, demonstrating that strong connectedness to nature is correlated with an individual's willingness to pay (WTP) for forest conservation. WTP was measured

Forests play a fundamental role in climate change mitigation. While there are calls to store carbon by increasing the forest stock, other actors oppose this, arguing that carbon stored in processed timber is more adequate. Applying an adapted version of the policy network analysis (PNA) framework, we uncover both the actors' policy preferences regarding the goal conflict between carbon storage in the

Urban green space improves people's living environment in cities. The Chinese government has been designating National Forest Cities (NFC) for almost two decades. By taking advantage of a large panel dataset of 265 cities from 2013 to 2017 and appropriate econometric methods, we evaluate the impacts of the NFC designation. It is found that after controlling the confounding effects of other factors

Drawing from the idea that income distribution is affected by imperfect market competition, this article examines the effect of a wood market cartel, where roundwood buyers illegally exchanged price information in Finland during 1997–2004. Prices before, during, and after the infringement period are examined using a comparator-based econometric approach with indicator variables in single-equation cointegrating

Although wind power is regarded as a sustainable way to produce electrical energy, wind turbines may cause harmful effects locally. A possible solution is to reduce the effects through forest management practices, for example leaving forest stands uncut as landscape shields to hide the turbines and stop them from spoiling the scenery. Using data from an online survey of landowners, we investigated

Urban greening policies have been established and implemented to improve the living conditions for urban dwellers in the process of urbanization. This research examines urban greening policies in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Media content analysis is applied to identify and interpret frames on urban greening. Articles about urban green spaces published from the DPRK newspaper Rodong

The government of Indonesia implements a Timber Legality Verification System (Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu/ SVLK) as an instrument to improve forest governance and secure better trade linkages to foreign markets. It obliges all exports to be legally verified. Nonetheless, legality licensing has become increasingly controversial in the past decade because export policies keep changing whether to

This study evaluated the hypothesis that urban-tree planting increases neighborhood gentrification in Portland, Oregon. We defined gentrification as an increase in the median sales price of single-family homes in a Census tract compared to other tracts in the city after accounting for differences in the housing stock such as house size and number of bathrooms. We used tree-planting data from the non-profit

With a continuous expansion of the number and activity of wild animals induced by ecological conservation and restoration efforts, the human-wildlife conflict is becoming more prominent across China. There have been frequent and severe incidents of crop damage caused by wildlife. In this paper, we investigate the crop losses caused by wildlife in the rural districts of Beijing, using a unique dataset

The European Union's Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Action Plan is an ambitious strategy to fight illegal logging and its negative impacts. The FLEGT theory of change is based on three types of FLEGT actions, namely timber production, demand, and global timber trade standards and dynamics. FLEGT works in more than a dozen countries through Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPA)

This study first measures the extensive, quantity, and price margins of China's forest products export to 32 destinations based on a well-accepted method and data from 2000 to 2016. Then, it estimates the effects of relevant factors on these margins. It is found that before the 2008 financial crisis, each of the three margins played a major role in promoting the export growth; afterwards, the extensive

Public good crowdfunding, an emerging online channel, provides a novel way for forestry projects to raise funds from a large number of donors to make contribution to the ecological benefits. A number of crowdfunding platforms have developed rapidly in China. However, it is not clear yet if the platforms are similar in helping the fundraisers of projects about forestry to reach their funding goal. Based

Wood-based cellulose fibres for textiles, hygiene and health products have been in the market for long time, but competition with other materials has kept their market share modest. The shortage of land for the expansion of cotton production, environmental concerns related to cotton and the oil-based textile materials, changes in fashion, and new technologies for extracting fibres from wood are changing

In timber production, sustainability means maintaining resources by balancing timber harvest with timber growth. In forest management, sustainability also refers to a constant and steady flow of income. The aim of this study is to resolve the contradiction, whether a sustainable/continuous flow of timber income is a costly (income-reducing) restriction, or a comparatively profitable (income-increasing)

Since initiating the new round of collective forest tenure reform in China, the development of the forestland transfer market has been of considerable interest to the academic and policy communities. Our theoretical analysis posited that formal institutions—tenure certificate and written contract—are positively associated with the rents, while informal institutions, as reflected in the social relationships

This study assesses the impacts of the China-US trade war on the global forest product markets using the bilateral trade flow module of the Global Forest Products Model. Two alternative scenarios are compared to the business-as-usual situation: (1) the US charges 25% tariff on $200 billion of goods imported from China, which in return imposes differentiated tariffs on $60 billion of goods imported

Although aggressive tree planting and vegetation recovery have enhanced the ecosystem functions and services of the Yellow River (YR) basin, there have been unintended consequences. The primary goal of this study is to explore the implications of alternatives of vegetation cover restoration to water resource allocation in the YR basin using a linear programming model that maximizes the ecological productivity

The global community is currently grappling with multiple and overlapping social and environmental threats. These include the climate emergency, COVID-19 and the threat of widespread hunger, and the accelerating loss of biodiversity. All of these threats point to an urgent need to restore and sustainably manage land and forests. Studies are pointing to the critical role of tenure reform, and in particular

Studies have demonstrated that a forest experience can improve the mental state of visitors. The questionnaire methodology accounts for most of current findings, but subjective bias in self-reported scores cannot be eliminated. In this study, FireFACE V3.0 software was used to evaluate facial expressions of visitors unconsciously entering (urban experiencer) or leaving an urban forest park (forest

Previous studies have paid limited attention to the evolution of timber markets and the levies of taxes and fees on timber sales. The purpose of our work is to fill this knowledge gap using qualitative and quantitative methods coupled with longitudinal data collected from three counties in the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Fujian. Our analysis shows that while market opening has been

Over the past 40 years, China's forestry has undergone rapid change. Forest coverage and stocking have improved significantly, and forestry output value has increased tremendously. Moreover, China has established a modern industrial system for the manufacturing and sale of forest products driven by market and institutional forces, and the economic structure of forestry has changed with the secondary

In the current economy, considerable attention is being paid towards the environmental aspect of carrying out activities in the forest. Therefore, eco-innovation implementation can be considered as a basic and crucial condition for the success and competitiveness of businesses. The aim of this study was to identify and classify the different types of eco-innovators in the Slovak forestry service sector

Cross-sector collaboration has gained importance as a way for forest sector companies to increase innovation via novel partnerships and to identify and develop new business opportunities within the bioeconomy. Despite this, limited empirical research describes why and how forest and other sector (e.g., textiles, energy, or plastics, etc.) companies choose to collaborate. This study documents factors

This paper presents a spatial equilibrium model to analyses the leverage impact of the legality requirements in the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR). The EUTR is part of the EU's Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) program, which aims to stimulate legal wood production and sustainable forest management at global level. This leverage effect is an argument in favor of FLEGT but it has never

Coniferous sawnwood is the most important solid wood product in terms of its production volume and economic significance. It also plays a vital role in the forestry-forest industry value chain. We estimated price- and income elasticities for per capita softwood sawnwood consumption based on FAO data. Varying demand patterns are found across the regions. Only the countries with little supply from their

Tropical dry forests covers 0.5 to 1.1 billion hectares which is about half of the tropical moist forest area. The forests fulfil many important ecological and economic functions and deliver manifold commodities for subsistence as well as for international demands. Despite their importance tropical dry forests seem to attain by far lesser attention than humid forests by the international research community

Forest ecosystems are notably influenced by: 1) the rate and spatial distribution of forest land development, and 2) how remaining undeveloped forest lands are managed. Regarding this second factor, economics and ecology research conducted in different locations in the U.S. suggests that increasing housing development can reduce the profitability of commercial timber production and thus the intensity

The forest sector in various ways fosters employment, community development and prevents depopulation in marginalized rural areas. Since the economic recession in Europe from 2009, there has been a notable change regarding the roles that public and private actors play in tackling current social and economic problems. The term Social Innovation (SI) came up to denote the overcoming of complex societal

This study examines the wood trade in response to China's new logging ban policy in natural forests (LBNF). Our identification is based on a triple-difference (DDD) strategy, in which the variations in the staggered policy implementation with region and time, together with the different trade responses between forest products, are jointly exploited. Our estimates show that the LBNF simulates an additional

In this paper, we analyse the socio-economic determinants of wildfire crime in Italy through panel data at the regional level. The first aim of the paper is to evaluate whether socioeconomic variables suggested by crime theory are linked to wildfire crime in Italy. Using Poisson-type models it is found that social vulnerability factors such as poverty and unemployment play an important role in driving

Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food producing sector in the world with an annual growth rate of 7%. In Norway alone production of this industry is projected to expand from 1.2 million tons today to 5 million tons by 2050, implying a rapid increase in the demand for sustainable salmon feed alternatives to conventional feed resources such as fish meal and fish oil. Yeast produced from nonfood

Forest cover has decreased dramatically in Southeast Asia over the last decades. Understanding the drivers behind these changes is critical to predict changes and minimise their adverse effects. The objectives of the present study were to provide accurate estimates of forest gains and losses in each country of Southeast Asia, and to test the hypothesis that changes in forest cover are linked to national

Despite widespread acknowledgement of the importance of entrepreneurship for poverty alleviation, studies on entrepreneurship are scant for farmers engaged in the production of non-timber forest products. This study, therefore, examines the entrepreneurial status of farmers involved in the production of non-timber forest products, focusing on those involved in a reforestation scheme in three forest

Family forest landowners own 39% of forestland in the United States. Here, we report that inequality in the distribution of family forestland, as measured by the Gini Index, has increased since 1993. The increase is not driving primarily by forest fragmentation, as the literature suggests, but instead by an 81% increase in area in tracts of more than 500 acres, especially in the Southern United States

Silvicultural treatments are a common tool for increasing commercial timber production. Their impact on the growth or mortality of the remaining stand is well researched. This study focuses on the economic aspects of silvicultural treatments in neotropical forests. We have selected liberation treatments and consider them to be investments that are expected to pay for themselves through the additional

Since 1990, forest area in Vietnam has increased by around 15%, and now comprises more than 42%. The increase is mainly due to the establishment of short rotation Acacia plantations, which assist in the rehabilitation of under-utilised lands, and can be grown in short rotations by smallholder farmers for a range of uses. Presently, a high demand for woodchips encourages farmers to maintain short rotations

Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), was adopted in Indonesia with an ambitious vision to promote a new mode of governance for Indonesia's forest, replacing a mode of ‘projectification’. Projectification, as described by Li (2016), is understood as a process through which plans for systematic long-term change collapse into incremental, simplified technical solutions

Abstract This paper investigates an unresolved question in environmental economics: An Environmental Kuznets Curve for deforestation (EKCd). It relies on a 55 year panel of forest cover data reconstructed from the periodic national forest inventories of 114 countries clustered in low, middle, and high income groups—as defined by the World Bank—and examines these clusters within both static and dynamic

Abstract Forests are prone to direct and indirect effects of climate change. Adaptation strategies have been developed to increase the resistance of forests towards climate change and to reduce the associated risks. However, the direction and degree of climate change remain deeply uncertain. This deep uncertainty is often neglected in forest management. Thus, alternative approaches such as robust decision-making

Abstract China’s new wave of collective forest tenure reform since 2003 (post-2003 reform) has been the research hotspot for years. However, the research is insufficient on how communities restructured forest tenure throughout this top-down devolution reform and the evolution and dynamics of community-level forest tenure changes over a long-term period. Based on the mixed methodology and multiple data

Sacred forests are natural forests conserved on the basis of religious beliefs and cultural practices of local communities. As deforestation and land use change threatens the remaining habitats of many tree species, sacred forests rose in importance as a refuge beyond the protected area network. Despite their conservation and cultural value, sacred forests are often sidelined in the main dialogue on

Institutional arrangements for managing forests at the constitutional level of the state define the property rights bundles through which rural households access benefits and manage forests in communal lands. Forest degradation in communal areas of Zimbabwe show that there is need to understand the influence of forest-related constitutional level rules on actual or perceived benefits to conserve, preserve