Partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) into its primary components, i.e., evaporation (E) and plant transpiration (T), is needed in a range of hydrometeorological applications. Using vegetation index (VI) to obtain spatially resolved T:ET ratio over large areas has emerged as a promising approach in this regard. Here, we assess the effectiveness of this approach in differently managed wheat systems.

Drought early warning systems (DEWSs) aim to spatially monitor and forecast risk of water shortage to inform early, risk-mitigating interventions. However, due to the scarcity of in situ monitoring in groundwater-dependent arid zones, spatial drought exposure is inferred using maps of satellite-based indicators such as rainfall anomalies, soil moisture, and vegetation indices. On the local scale, these

Aquatic vegetation in fluvial systems is often characterized by spatial patterning of the plant patches. To investigate the conditions for the formation of vegetation patches, we explore the stability of a uniform flow over a non-erodible bed with a uniform vegetation cover of submerged plants. The flow model consists of the two-dimensional shallow water and continuity equations. The hydrodynamic equations

Streamflow prediction is a long-standing hydrologic problem. Development of models for streamflow prediction often requires incorporation of catchment physical descriptors to characterize the associated complex hydrological processes. Across different scales of catchments, these physical descriptors also allow models to extrapolate hydrologic information from one catchment to others, a process referred

The Budyko framework consists of a curvilinear relationship between the evaporative ratio (i.e., actual evaporation over precipitation) and the aridity index (i.e., potential evaporation over precipitation) and defines evaporation’s water and energy limits. A basin’s movement within the Budyko space illustrates its hydroclimatic change and helps identify main drivers of change. On the one hand, long-term

Conventionally, soil moisture dynamics are mathematically modeled by the Richardson-Richards equation (RRE), whose derivation is based on the conservation of mass and the Buckingham-Darcy law. However, it is complicated and even impossible to finish such rigorous derivations based on physical principles due to the complexity and uncertainties in the vadose zone. In this work, we propose a data-driven

This study explores the climatic controls of the long-term energy partitioning of net radiation into sensible heat and latent heat at watershed scale, by following a data-guided approach. Collected data shows that the relationship between the evaporative fraction (ratio of latent heat to net radiation) and the aridity index (ratio of energy supply to water supply), which represents the climatic conditions

Regional frequency analysis (RFA) serves as a useful tool for flood estimation at a regional level, to improve the precision of estimated flood quantiles or for prediction in ungauged basins. RFA is used extensively in hydrologic literature for estimation of the magnitude of the hydrologic variable (annual maximum flows), pooling data from several sites within a homogeneous region. However, in areas

Modeling density-driven flow in porous media is challenging due to the nonlinear coupling between flow and transport equations, the large domains of interest and the wide range of time and space scales involved. Solving this type of problem numerically using a fixed mesh can be prohibitively expensive. Here, we apply a dynamic mesh optimization (DMO) technique along with a control-volume-finite element

Thallium (Tl) is a rare but highly toxic element. Mineral exploitation and utilization lead to a risk of thallium (Tl) leakage to the aqueous environment, greatly threatening human health. In this study, we propose a novel Tl wastewater treatment process based on a regenerable adsorptive membrane to achieve Tl removal and recovery from industrial wastewaters. Specifically, a composite membrane was

Cosmic ray neutron sensors (CRNS) enable non-invasive determination of field-scale soil moisture content by exploiting the dependence of the intensity of aboveground epithermal neutrons on the hydrogen contained in soil moisture. However, there are other hydrogen pools besides soil moisture (e.g. biomass). Therefore, these hydrogen pools should be considered for accurate soil moisture content measurements

Flood-frequency curves, critical for water infrastructure design, are typically developed based on a stationary climate assumption. However, climate changes are expected to violate this assumption. Here, we propose a new, climate-informed methodology for estimating flood-frequency curves under non-stationary future climate conditions. The methodology develops an asynchronous, semiparametric local-likelihood

Measurements in forest catchments in Fukushima Prefecture indicate that cesium-137 (137Cs) leaching from forest litter affects dissolved 137Cs levels in river water. Existing simulations have been unsuccessful in reproducing this phenomenon due to mechanistic limitations in the models connecting the forest ecosystem and the river system. This paper introduces a new coupled watershed-geochemical model

Despite the widespread use of integrated hydrology models in a variety of applications, consideration of multicomponent reactive transport is still not common. The implementation of these processes requires coupling transport at the surface-subsurface interface and efficient solution of the non-linear geochemical model that is consistent with the integrated hydrology solution. The Advanced Terrestrial

To cope with the uncertainty of green infrastructure planning, many cities take an adaptive approach and use learning-by-doing to improve estimates of the cost and efficacy of stormwater management practices (SMPs) and use that information to improve stormwater plans. However, deciding whether that learning is worth its expense has been a challenge for practitioners. We propose a modeling framework

Abstract not available

Magnetic field is a simple and powerful means that enables controlled the transport of electrode particles in flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI). However, the magnetic particles are easily stripped from hybrid suspension electrodes and the precise manipulation of the charge percolation network remains challenging. In this study, a programmable magnetic field was introduced into the FCDI

In northern climates, accurate simulation of thermal and hydrological budgets for farmlands overwinter is crucial for both an accurate prediction of spring flooding and the successful management of nutrient losses. As snow cover influences soil freezing dynamics, it has been hypothesized that reduced snow cover due to warmer winters might intensify soil freezing. The present study was designed to test

Molecular-biological data and omics tools have increasingly been used to characterize microorganisms responsible for the turnover of reactive compounds in the environment, such as reactive-nitrogen species in groundwater. While transcripts of functional genes and enzymes are used as measures of microbial activity, it is not yet clear how they are quantitatively related to actual turnover rates under

Recent shifts in the hydrological behavior of natural watersheds suggest acute challenges for water planning under climate change. Usually triggered by a multi-year drought, these shifts involve a tendency for less annual streamflow for a given annual precipitation, and this behavior has now been reported on multiple continents. Future drying under climate change may induce similar unexpected hydrological

Data Assimilation (DA) is a powerful tool to optimally combine uncertain model simulations and observations. Among DA techniques, the Particle Filter (PF) has gained attention for its capacity to deal with non-linear systems and for its relaxation of the Gaussian assumption. However, the PF may suffer from degeneracy and sample impoverishment. In this study, we propose an innovative approach, based

Laboratory experiments examined the longitudinal evolution of near-bed velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and net deposition in a model Phragmites australis canopy occupying 1/3 of the channel width. The canopies were constructed from model P. australis with real morphology and a solid volume fraction between 0.003 and 0.018. An exponential model was modified to predict the longitudinal evolution

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) involves the injection of freshwater into an aquifer for temporary water storage and later use. Previous studies have shown that density-driven convection may render part of the injectant unrecoverable when ASR is implemented in a saline aquifer. Where heterogeneity creates a significant proportion of immobile groundwater, dual-domain (immobile and mobile porosities)

Interpreting the links between transient in-channel fine sediment storage and the dynamics of suspended sediment transport during flood events helps the understanding of river geomorphology, and also the impacts of fine sediment on water quality and bed habitats of rivers and downstream receiving environments. We present a unique physically-based model of suspended sediment transport which is intimately

Cryogenic vacuum extraction (CVE) has been considered as the standard technique for the analysis of plant water stable isotopes in ecohydrological research. Recent studies reported that CVE can introduce significant bias in stable isotope analyses, yet the causes and influencing factors of the CVE-induced deuterium offsets remain poorly understood. Here, we performed rehydration experiments on plant

Climate change and other disturbances significantly impact hydrogeochemical exports from mountainous headwater catchments such as the Upper Colorado River Basin. Developing a mechanistic understanding of how the physical and chemical processes interact in time and space in an integrated manner is key to quantifying future impacts of such disturbances. The hydrogeochemical response of a mountainous

Successful management of flooding and erosion hazards on floodplains depends on our ability to predict a river channel’s shape and the lifespan during which it will continue to flow. Recent progress has improved our understanding of what sets the lifespan and width of single-thread channels; the next challenge is to extend this knowledge to braided channels and their interwoven sub-channels (threads)

Despite long-standing efforts, hydrologists still lack robust tools for calibrating land surface model (LSM) streamflow estimates within ungauged basins. Using surface soil moisture estimates from the Soil Moisture Active Passive Level 4 Soil Moisture (L4_SM) product, precipitation observations, and streamflow gauge measurements for 617 medium-scale (200-10,000 km2) basins in the contiguous United

No abstract is available for this article.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed people's habits, causing them to use large amounts of disposable items and exacerbating the already existing issue of pollution. One way to reduce the environmental impact of this shift in daily habits is to recycle these items, e.g. surgical masks that are the most common personal protective equipment against the virus, to produce panels for building applications