Harvest plays an important role in management decisions, from fisheries to pest control. Discrete-time models enable us to explore the importance of timing of management decisions, including the order of events of particular actions. We derive novel mechanistic models featuring explicit within-season harvest timing and level. We explore optimization of within-season harvest level and timing through

A method is presented to address model state uncertainty in hydrologic model simulation. This is achieved by introducing tuneable parameters that allow adjustments to the model states. Excessive dimensionality is avoided by introducing only a limited number of parameters that control the index (timing) and size of the state adjustments. The method is designed to compensate for issues with hydrologic

The replacement of flood-irrigation systems by drip-irrigation technology has been widely promoted with the aim of a more sustainable use of freshwater resources in irrigated agriculture. However, evidence for an irrigation efficiency paradox emphasizes the need to improve our understanding of the impacts of irrigation transformations on water resources. Here, we developed a distributed hydrological

Climate change has been concerned as a trigger of hydrologic changes around the world. Budyko framework was widely used in hydrologic sensitivity analyses on the steady-state water balance. The unsteady-state responses, for example the inter-annual hydrologic sensitivity, were not well investigated, especially for catchments influenced by croplands as that exist in Illinois in the United States. We

Rivers have been subject to the construction of numerous small-scale anthropogenic structures, causing alteration and fragmentation of habitats. Despite their impact on fish habitat selection, migration and swimming performance, more hydraulic structures are being added to riverine systems. These mainly have the purpose of harnessing renewable energy or mitigating the impact of flooding, as in the

In contrast to the basic assumption of a homogeneous population underlying common approaches to flood frequency analysis, flood events often arise from different runoff-generating processes. In many large river basins, the diversity of these processes within tributary basins and the superposition of their flood waves increases the complexity of statistical flood modelling. Under these circumstances

Catchment baseflow is jointly controlled by climate and landscape properties. Previous studies have recognized that spatial variability of mean annual baseflow coefficient (BFC=Qb/P, ratio of baseflow to precipitation) is primarily controlled by aridity index and storage capacity. However, an analytical solution of BFC in terms of the dominant controlling factors has not yet been established. The objective

Vegetation change can significantly alter evapotranspiration (ET), an important component of the terrestrial water balance, and consequently influences other hydrological processes. With no direct measurement techniques available at large spatial scales, the accurate estimation of ET under changing forest landscapes and climate is challenging. In this study, we used an improved method based on Fuh’s

In recent years, the incoming sediments from upstream of the Huai River have continuously decreased. The relationship between flow and sediment has significantly changed. Therefore, the erosion and deposition characteristics of the river could be affected. To investigate this interaction between flow and sediment, the present study was conducted using the Wanglin section in the middle reach of the

The water oxidation half-reaction is considered the bottleneck in the development of technological advances to replace fossil fuels with sustainable and economically affordable energy sources. In natural photosynthesis, water oxidation occurs in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), a manganese-oxo cluster {Mn4CaO5} with a cubane-like topology that is embedded within a redox-active protein environment

Changes in both land use and rainfall patterns can lead to changes in the hydrologic behavior of the watershed. The long-term hydrologic impact analysis (L-THIA) model has been used to predict such changes and analyze the changes in mitigation scenarios. The model is simple as only a small amount of input data are required, but it can predict only the direct runoff and cannot determine the streamflow

In the shallow and landlocked northeast Adriatic Sea, environmental factors have changed in recent decades. Their influence on seasonal and inter-annual variability of phytoplankton has been documented in the recent literature. Here, we decipher the long-term variability of phytoplankton phenology at a Long-Term Ecological Research site (Gulf of Trieste, Slovenia). Structural changes in the phytoplankton

Climate variability and farmers’ desire to improve the crop yield have resulted in an increase in irrigated agriculture in the mid-Atlantic region. However, the huge initial capital cost associated with the installation and operation of irrigation systems is generally prohibitive, with most farmers finding difficulty in justifying the expenditure, and uncertainty of the overall return on their investment

A novel microbial fuel cell-assisted electro-permanganate process (MFC-PM) was proposed for enhanced diclofenac degradation compared to that of the permanganate oxidation process. By utilizing eco-friendly bio-electricity in situ, the MFC-PM process could activate the simultaneous anodic biological metabolism of urea and the cathodic electro-permanganate process. Density functional analysis and experimental

The two-stage ditch is a river restoration technique that aims at improving the sediment regime and lateral channel connectivity by recreating a small floodplain alongside a stream reach. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of a two-stage ditch in improving the stream sediment structure and functions under different hydrological conditions (baseflow, post-bankfull, post-flood). Stream sediments

Evidence has shown that individually feeding or reduced light can mitigate the negative effects of elevated temperature on coral physiology. We aimed to evaluate if simultaneous low light and feeding would mitigate, minimize, or exacerbate negative effects of elevated temperature on coral physiology and carbon budgets. Pocillopora damicornis, Stylophora pistillata, and Turbinaria reniformis were grown

Probability distributions of initial losses are investigated using a large dataset of catchments throughout Australia. The variability in design flood estimates caused by probability-distributed initial losses and associated uncertainties are investigated. Based on historic data sets in Australia, the Gamma and Beta distributions are found to be suitable for describing initial loss data. It has also

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to identify correlations between measured water supply performance attributes and consumer perceptions, to provide water suppliers with an improved understanding of the significance of consumers’ perceptions. Over 1900 New Zealand potable water consumers were surveyed and their perceptions were compared with measured aggregated attributes from their water supply

ABSTRACT Water diplomacy agents typically manage tensions between promoting peace and securing self-interest. This paper conducts a discourse analysis of a commissioned policy report by a leading Netherlands think-tank that helped inform Dutch policy on water diplomacy. We first establish the importance of the report. We then identify its focus on the theme of ‘neutral broker’ and apply vocabulary

Abstract A single study investigates the possibility of using adaptive control of the reservoir Vranov Reservoir situated on the Dyje River. The control algorithm uses a fuzzy model that approximates the I/O relationships contained in the behaviour matrix of the target reservoir, constructed using the differential evolution optimisation method. Recurring predictions of water inflows into the reservoir

Abstract The article presents a study of the hydrological regime of the Lena and Mackenzie rivers, flowing in the zone of permafrost rocks of different types. Features typical of river mouths in subarctic zone are identified. Sediment transport in both deltas and the export of material into the Laptev and Beaufort seas is studied. Permafrost rock characteristics are given and their changes under the

Abstract Predicting the Suspended Sediment Load (SSL) of the river is a very significant and challenging task. Being a non-linearity in the SSL data, it requires a non-linear method to get predicated in absence of field measurements. In recent decades, the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has been considered as a milestone for the prediction of different hydrological parameters. Therefore

Abstract The article presents the experience in the application of a hydrological conceptual model HBV, including its standard version and modifications, to studying runoff-formation processes on small experimental catchments in the upper reaches of the Ussuri R. based on field observation data in the warm seasons from 2012 to 2019. It was shown, that, in many cases, whatever the structure of the model

Abstract Present study aims to illustrate the role of form-induced shear stress on turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget distributions in permeable gravel bed streams. In order to achieve the objective of this study, some significant experimental works on turbulent flow characteristics over rough beds are reviewed first and compared with the results of present studies. Uniform gravels (d50 = 4 cm)

Abstract Meromictic water bodies (water bodies with stable vertical water stratification, which forms because of a difference between the density of its layers) is a rare phenomenon, which deserves protection. On the territory of Russia the territory of Russia in its boundaries of 2020, 53 meromictic lakes were identified, including 30 coastal water bodies of marine origin, 10 karst lakes, 5 glacial

Abstract Quantification of infiltration characteristics of soil is a complex problem because of its variability, selection of suitable infiltration model, and determination of infiltration model parameters which depend on various soil characteristics and land uses. In this study four different infiltration models, namely, Horton, Kostiakov, Modified Kostiakov and Philip were considered. Infiltration

Abstract The volumes of groundwater pollution in the zone of technogenic impact were calculated. A hydrochemical anomaly formed because of the penetration of industrial liquid wastes into the environment. The infiltrates reach groundwater table, mix with this water, and propagate with its flow. The anomaly shows a relatively high total water TDS. In the mixing zone of technogenic and natural waters

Abstract For the first time, by analyzing the spatial variations and diurnal dynamics of the water regime of the small river of the Anadyr Lowland, the main sources were studied and the dynamics of the river discharge feeding were estimated. In the midstream and downstream reaches of rivers, the stability of the water regime is ensured by thawed waters of seasonal ice; in mountain rivers’ headwaters

Abstract With conventional monitoring at low-frequency, biological responses to weather-related events are missed. In this paper, we examine the chlorophyll-a concentrations in a shallow lake using high-frequency data from an in situ buoy. Also, we used monthly data of phytoplankton to relation high and low-frequency data. This is the first study about chlorophyll-a in high-frequency from a buoy in

Abstract An analytical model was developed to predict the boundary shear stress and the depth-averaged streamwise velocity in the breach. A more general expression of the depth-integrated form of the streamwise Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation was rewritten by considering the secondary flow effects. It accounts for secondary flow effects via the dimensionless secondary flow parameters

Abstract Based on images from the Sentinel-2 satellite taken in 2017–2019, a map of shallows in the Yenisei delta was compiled. This paper highlighted the methodological problems that arise at using satellite images for research and mapping of underwater relief; the ways of their solution are offered. Consideration of the depth of penetration of sunlight into the water and analysis of the spectral

Abstract Different types of transboundary water exchange in Russia are considered, including through state, administrative, and natural boundaries. The presented characteristics refer to atmospheric moisture transport, wind induced mixing of snow, water transport in the form of runoff through the boundaries of individual landscape elements and through the boundaries of natural zones. The extent of

Abstract Data of hydrogeochemical studies of the Ivano-Arakhleiskie Lakes have been collected for different climatic phases of territory moistening. Three groups of water bodies are identified, including ultrafresh, fresh, and slightly saline. The lake waters are shown to differ by mineralization, chemistry, and pH. The least mineralized waters are found to be of HCO3-Ca type, which, at an increase

Abstract Materials of ISI-MIP International Project were used for global simulations of water balance components for the entire Earth surface (except for Antarctica) with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° over a period of 1971−2099 with the use of physically based SWAP model, describing the processes of heat and water exchange between the land surface and the near-surface atmosphere layer, and the

Abstract The strengthening of anthropogenic pressure on the catchments of small and medium-sized rivers of the Central Black Earth region of Russia, associated with significant plowing and an increase in the number of livestock complexes, contributes to an increase in the concentrations of organic substances and nutrients in permanent watercourses. At the same time, the sources of their point discharges

This study aims to determine the effects and the response to irrigation regimes (i) rainfed, (ii) deficit irrigation (DI), and (iii) full irrigation (FI) on wine and grape skin, seed and aromatic composition of grapevine cv. Bobal. The results show that the deficit irrigation treatment can modulate some important parameters of grapes and wine colour, and the aromatic composition of the grapes, with

Ferns are the second most diverse group of land plants after angiosperms. Extant species occupy a wide range of habitats and contribute significantly to ecosystem functioning. Despite the importance of ferns, most taxa are poorly covered by genomic resources and within-species studies based on high-resolution markers are entirely lacking. The genus Botrychium belongs to the family Ophioglossaceae,

Standard plant DNA barcodes based on 2-3 plastid regions, and nrDNA ITS show variable levels of resolution, and fail to discriminate among species in many plant groups. Genome skimming to recover complete plastid genome sequences and nrDNA arrays has been proposed as a solution to address these resolution limitations. However, few studies have empirically tested what gains are achieved in practice

Although cement kiln co-processing (CKC) has been considered an important municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment method in recent years, there however still exist obstacles such as unclear technical feasibility and ambiguous legislation that impede its further development. Addressing these barriers remains difficult as a comprehensive understanding of CKC from an MSW management perspective (which is

Applying a theoretical geo-economic approach, we examined key factors affecting decisions about the choice of beach width when eroded coastal beaches are being nourished (i.e., when fill is placed to widen a beach). Within this geo-economic framework, optimal beach width is positively related to its values for hazard protection and recreation and negatively related to nourishment costs and the discount

Hydrodynamics in dam tailraces can influence the swimming behaviour and survival of fish, and yet there have been few studies that have linked the movement patterns of fish to encountered flow patterns. In this study, we examined the flow field downstream of Seton Dam in British Columbia, Canada using acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling of two dam

Various types of porous media materials inherently contain pore structures of different scales, ranging from nanoscale to millimeter scale. Due to the limitations of the existing imaging technology, it is challenging and intractable for any single method to obtain and characterize the multiscale pore structure features of porous media accurately and comprehensively. To address the issue, according

The reliability of the machine learning model prediction for a given input can be assessed by comparing it against the actual output. However, in hydrological studies, machine learning models are often adopted to predict future or unknown events, where the actual outputs are unavailable. The prediction accuracy of a model, which measures its average performance across an observed dataset, may not be

Daily floods including event, characteristic, extreme and inundation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB), crucial for flood projection and forecasting, have not been adequately modeled. An improved hydrological-hydrodynamic model (VIC and CaMa-Flood) considering regional parameterization was developed to simulate the flood dynamics over the basin from 1967 to 2015. The flood elements were extracted

Meteorological drought is the fuse of hydrological drought, and understanding the propagation mechanisms from meteorological to hydrological drought is of great significance to the monitoring and prevention of hydrological drought. Besides the linear dependence, this study thoroughly investigated the propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought by introducing the nonlinear dependence with

Large wood (LW) is used for river restoration, aquatic habitat conservation, and flood control; however, it can pose a threat to human life and the built environment. The formation of LW jams, river management strategies, and design of mitigation measures crucially all depend on how the large wood is transported along a river. This paper experimentally analyses at laboratory scale the motion of natural

Once the flood overtopping accident of a reinforced tailings dam occurs, it will cause great property losses and serious environmental pollution to the downstream residents. In order to further study the microscopic characteristics of the hydraulic erosion of reinforced tailings dams, considering that the beginning of reinforced tailings particles is the basis of flooding and erosion of reinforced

The Grain for Green Program (GGP) initiated by Chinese government significantly impacts mitigating environmental degradation. Soil water resources probably constrain large-scale vegetation restoration projects in arid and semi-arid regions. Characterizing soil water dynamics after the GGP’s implementation is essential in assessing whether vegetation restoration can be sustained as part of ecological

The assessment of aridity conditions is a key factor for water management and the implementation of mitigation and adaptation policies in agroforestry systems. Towards this aim, three aridity indices were computed for the Iberian Peninsula (IP): the De Martonne Index (DMI), the Pinna Combinative Index (PCI), and the Erinç Aridity Index (EAI). These three indices were first computed for the baseline

The temporal and spatial characteristics of vegetation in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (MRYR) were analyzed from 1999 to 2015 by trend analysis, co-integration analysis, partial correlation analysis, and spatial analysis using MODIS-NDVI time series remote sensing data. The average NDVI of the MRYR increased from 0.72 to 0.80, and nearly two-thirds of the vegetation showed a significant

The paper presents recommendations for using the results obtained in sediment transport simulation and modeling of channel deformations in rivers. This work relates to the issues of empirical modeling of the water flow characteristics in natural riverbeds with a movable bottom (alluvial channels) which are extremely complex. The study shows that in the simulation of sediment transport and calculation

Evapotranspiration represents a significant part on the water balance and, thus, the correct evaluation of this hydrological parcel is relevant when modeling a watershed. The objective of this work is to evaluate the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model’s capability in adequately simulating evapotranspiration in a watershed with predominance of the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Hydrological modeling

Non-point source pollution is a major factor in excessive nutrient pollution that can result in the eutrophication. Land use/land cover (LULC) change, as a result of urbanization and agricultural intensification (e.g., increase in the consumption of fertilizers), can intensify this pollution. An informed LULC planning needs to consider the negative impacts of such anthropogenic activities to minimize

The pressure on water infrastructure has increased due to an increase in the number of aging water pipes. Aging pipes are prone to failure, causing significant financial losses and service disruptions. The increasing number of aged pipes and limited budget for pipe rehabilitation or replacement necessitates water infrastructure asset management to ensure sustainable water supply services. In this study

ABSTRACT Much has been written on hydropolitics, or on the interplays between transboundary water resource issues and politics. This article builds on recent calls for more research on the role of discourses in shaping hydropolitics. We propose a conceptual framework, inspired by critical discourse analysis, for the systematic investigation of how discursive practices construct and enact actors’ power

ABSTRACT Multipurpose hydropower reservoirs are regularly framed as water security and climate change solutions. Although multipurpose projects can and do deliver a range of water services, ‘win-win’ outcomes are not guaranteed. Emerging water and energy risks are altering the net benefits from operating reservoirs to deliver hydropower generation, water supply, flood control, or other purposes. This

Results of our study based on examination of induced precipitation of carbonate by a cyanobacterium, Lyngbya in the laboratory, and the analyses of microphotographs of both modern and ancient microbial carbonates, demonstrated the importance of recognition of mold holes and carbonate crusts in understanding microbial carbonates. In the experiment, only cyanobacteria Lyngbya can induce precipitation

Mito-metagenomics (MMG) is becoming an alternative to amplicon metabarcoding for the assessment of biodiversity in complex biological samples using high-throughput sequencing. Whereas MMG overcomes the biases introduced by the PCR step in the generation of amplicons, it is not yet a technique free of shortcomings. First, as the reads are obtained from shotgun sequencing, a very low proportion of reads

Conventional microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) genotyping methods cannot accurately identify polyploid genotypes leading to allele dosage uncertainty, introducing biases in population genetic analysis. Here, a new SSR genotyping method was developed to directly infer accurate polyploid genotypes. The frequency distribution of SSR sequences was obtained based on deep-coverage high-throughput