Since the 1970s, land cover in central Argentina has shifted away from perennial crops and grasses towards annual crops, largely soy. In this work we use observations and modeling to understand how this shift in land use has affected the sub-surface, surface and atmospheric fluxes of moisture and energy in a flat agricultural area. We analyze the flux tower data from a paired site at Marcos Juarez

Global monitoring of seasonal snow water equivalent (SWE) has advanced significantly over the past decades. However, challenges remain when estimating SWE from passive and active microwave signatures, because a priori characterization of snow properties is required for SWE retrievals. Numerical experiments have shown that utilizing physical snow models to acquire snowpack characterization can potentially

Controlled drainage is normally operated on a seasonal timescale to increase availability of water and to limit nutrient loss to surface water. It is conceivable that with more frequent, or even daily, management of the drainage base, controlled drainage can be both more efficient and effective. With the analytical successive steady state model presented here, rapid simulations of groundwater level

In this study, land surface temperature (LST) and leaf area index (LAI) observations are merged with a coupled two-source surface energy budget-vegetation dynamic model (TSEB-VDM) via a variational data assimilation (VDA) system to predict turbulent heat fluxes and gross primary productivity (GPP). The TSEB and VDM are coupled by relating photosynthesis in the VDM to transpiration in the TSEB equation

Landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) frequently trigger heavy and sometimes prolonged precipitation, especially in regions with favored orographic enhancement. The presence and strength of ARs are often described using the integrated water vapor (IWV) and the integrated vapor transport (IVT). However, the associated precipitation is not directly correlated with these two variables. Instead, the intensity

Prolonged periods of extremely high temperatures with lack of precipitation mark heatwaves that pose health risk and damage ecosystems via rapid soil water depletion and reduced evaporative cooling. Identifying the conditions for the onset of heatwaves and their effects on land-atmosphere energy and mass fluxes remains a challenge. We propose using the generalized Complementary Relationship (CR) to

We present a multi-objective, multi-stage stochastic programming with recourse model for reservoir management and operation, where we use utility theory to select the best compromise solution from the Pareto front. A multi-stage streamflow scenario tree is generated first by the neural gas method. Then the Pareto front at each stage is produced by a modified constrained NSGA-II. A single best compromise

The Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) is a commonly used proxy for soil moisture. The predictive capability of TWI is influenced by the flow-routing algorithm and the resolution of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) that TWI is derived from. Here, we examine the predictive capability of TWI using 11 flow-routing algorithms at DEM resolutions 1–30 m. We analyze the relationship between TWI and field-quantified

We use a realistic fracture along with pore-scale reactive transport simulations to investigate the impact of fracture filling minerals and water-mineral reactions on in-plane groundwater flow patterns and on contaminant uptake by matrix diffusion. The results of the simulations show that sparsely distributed fracture filling calcite patches provide a significant buffering capacity against the infiltration

River water flowing into and out of riparian aquifers driven by stage fluctuations during floods is critical for streamflow and biogeochemical cycling of hyporheic zones. Previous studies paid limited attention to the complex exchange flow between rivers and the adjacent unconfined aquifers through irregular and semipervious banks which are commonly seen in nature. This study proposed a new semi-analytical

Human and ecological health have been threatened by the increase of cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) in freshwater systems. Successful mitigation of this risk requires understanding the factors driving cyanoHABs at a broad scale. To inform management priorities and decisions, we employed random forest modeling to identify major cyanoHAB drivers in 369 freshwater lakes distributed across

This study focuses on characterizing the contributions of key terrestrial pathways that deliver dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to streams during hydrological events and on elucidating factors governing variation in water and DOC fluxes from these pathways. We made high-frequency measurements of discharge, specific conductance (SC), and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) during 221 events recorded

Accelerated glacier-snow-permafrost erosion due to global warming amplifies the sediment availability in cold environments and affects the time-varying suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and discharge (Q) relationship. Here, the sediment-availability-transport (SAT) model is proposed to simulate dynamic SSC-Q relationships by integrating the sediment availability coupled by thermal processes, fluvial

Blasting is a first preparatory stage that plays a fundamental role in the subsequent operations of an open pit mine. However, its adverse effects can seriously affect the environment and surrounding structures, especially ground vibration, which is measured by peak particle velocity (PPV). The present study proposes a robust model for predicting PPV in open pit mines. An adaptive fuzzy inference neural

Calcium phosphate could be accumulated in aerobic granules, which attracts attention recently for phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater. In this study, partial nitrifying granules with high calcium precipitate content were sorted into different size groups for characterization and evaluation to reveal the dynamic balance of granules at stead state and relevant calcium phosphate precipitation

Globally, wilderness areas are being lost at a rate that outpaces their protection, which has adverse effects on the global environment. Rapid action is needed to understand the trends and consequences of global wilderness change. We present projections of global wilderness decline in 2100 under the influence of land-use change within the framework of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Globally, ecosystems are becoming damaged or degraded due to stresses associated with anthropogenic activities. To identify the quantitative connection between nitrogen fertilizer-related agricultural production processes and ecosystem health, a dose-response approach based on the ReCiPe 2016 method is developed. Rice production had the highest potential ecosystem health risk (EHR) (560 species.yr)

Global demand for buildings and infrastructure is extremely high as provision of shelter, sanitation and healthcare are paramount to safeguard the world's growing population. Concrete is a preferred construction material to meet this demand, but its production is leading to overexploitation of natural gravel and sand, causing an environmental crisis in regions where these materials are extracted unsustainably

The in-situ long-term sorption and diffusion (LTDE-SD) experiment performed at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden aims at increasing knowledge of sorption and diffusion processes of radionuclides in natural fractures and granodiorite matrix under in-situ conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive modeling exercise focusing on the scaling approach for sorption and diffusion parameters from

The Sonakhan greenstone belt in Central India is under-explored with respect to gold in spite of its similarity to auriferous greenstone belts in general, which prompted a prospectivity analysis. The workflow involved adoption of a conceptual mineral systems model, recognizing indicative spatial proxies, processing exploration datasets, generating evidence maps and integrating into GIS-based mineral

Spatial non-stationarity is a common geological phenomenon, and the formation of orebodies is a typical non-stationary process. Therefore, a quantitative study of the non-stationary relationships between mineralization and its controlling factors in 3D space is of great significance for metallogenic prediction. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is an effective method for exploring spatial non-stationarity

Knowledge of the sources of surface water in riparian zones and floodplains is critical to understanding its role in runoff generation and impact on biogeochemical and ecological processes. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of integrated surface-subsurface hydrologic modelling (HydroGeoSphere) in combination with a hydraulic mixing-cell approach to decipher different sources of surface water

Concentration and chemical composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) influence several lake functions; greenhouse gas exchange, nutrient cycling, food webs and water treatability. To assess spatial and inter-annual controls on DOC characteristics, 34 lakes were sampled annually for eight years on the Boreal Plains, Western Canada – a region with heterogeneous surficial geology, and a sub-humid

Evaporation - a key process for water exchange between soil and atmosphere - is controlled by internal water fluxes and surface vapor fluxes. Recent studies demonstrated that the dynamics of the water flow in pore corners and thick-film flow on the rough pore-solid interface determine the time behavior of the evaporation rate. A comprehensive experimental study of the combined effect of corner flow

Periodic fluctuations in natural streamflow are a major driver of river ecosystem dynamics and water resource management. However, most U.S. rivers are impacted both by long-term hydroclimatic trends and dams that alter flow variability. Despite these impacts, it remains largely unexplored how dams affect the dominant frequencies of natural streamflow over a highly regulated river network. We investigated

Root exudates alter the rhizosphere's physical properties, but the impact that these changes have on solute transport is unknown. In this study, we tested the effects of chia mucilage and wheat root exudates (WREs) on the transport of iodide and potassium in saturated or unsaturated soil. Saturated solute breakthrough experiments, conducted in loamy sand soil or coarser textured quartz sand, revealed

For rivers or streams with waterfalls, water withdrawal for multiple uses can lead to potential conflicts of interest. The question arises to what extent water withdrawal impairs the appearance and acoustics of waterfalls. A data set was analyzed of 15 waterfalls of different morphological types in Switzerland, Austria, and Norway. It comprises discharge measurements as well as photo imaging and sound

Coal pores not only serve as the storage space for coalbed methane but also provide channels for gas migration. The accurate characterization of coal pore structures is of significance to study the methane adsorption behaviors. In this work, the quantitative relationship between gas adsorption and pore characteristics was investigated in depth for bituminous coals. Results of scanning electron microscopy

Quantitative characterization of different occurrence states of soluble organic matter is the basis and key for shale oil resource evaluation and movable oil and producibility assessment. A series of integrated methods, including basic geochemistry, X-ray diffraction, multipolarity sequential extraction and chromatographic analysis were conducted on 15 Ch-73 Triassic Yanchang Formation samples, which

The lack of access to water and sanitation services (WSS) of a considerable share of the world population has been challenging the international community for decades. The proposal of the Millennium Development Goals and, later on, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations (UN) intended to act as a blueprint to achieve a more equitable future for all and, in the case of WSS, “Ensure

Evaporation from bare soil surfaces is a natural flow process of global importance. During drying, significant temporal changes in flow rates occur at the soil surface, accompanied by temporal and spatial variations in the partitioning of liquid and vapor water distributions below it. We present a novel approach to modeling the transient process of evaporation from porous media as a succession of steady-state

The effect of spatial scale and resolution has been quantified individually for different hydrologic and hydraulic processes. However, the model structure and intrinsic resolution are seldom modified to accurately capture scale-dependent physical processes. Although automated calibration methods exist for computationally expensive integrated models, an alternate approach reliant on improving the model

Water management usually considers economic and ecological objectives, and involves tradeoffs, conflicts, compromise, and cooperation among objectives. Pareto optimality often is championed in water management, but its relationships with the mathematical representation of objectives, and implications of tradeoffs for Pareto optimal decisions, are rarely examined. We evaluate the mathematical properties

The coupling between solute transport and rock's geomechanical processes, for example, flow-induced fracture activation, has emerged as an important hydrogeological challenge due to its role in applications such as underground waste disposal, carbon sequestration, contaminant remediation, enhanced oil recovery, and tracer-based reservoir surveillance. Despite recent advances in modeling flow and geomechanics

Excess nitrogen (N) from anthropogenic sources deteriorates freshwater resources. Actions taken to reduce N inputs to the biosphere often show limited or only delayed effects in receiving surface waters hinting at large legacy N stores built up in the catchments' soils and groundwater. Here, we quantify transport and retention of N in 238 Western European catchments by analyzing a unique data set of

To truly reflect changes in apparent resistivity before and after hydraulic fracturing (HF) of coal and rock masses in underground spaces, the fracturing effect should be investigated and evaluated. In this paper, experiments were conducted on true triaxial HF in rocks to investigate the apparent resistivity response law. The results show that the change in apparent resistivity was regular and uneven

Freestream turbulence in rivers is a key contributor to the flux of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and other ecologically important solutes into porewater. To advance understanding of turbulent hyporheic exchange and porewater transport, we investigate flow over and through a rough bed of spheres using large eddy simulation (LES). We apply double averaging (combined space and time averaging) to the LES