-
The pursuit of 1.5°C endures as a legal and ethical imperative in a changing world Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-19 Joeri Rogelj, Lavanya Rajamani
As the world nears 1.5°C of global warming, near-term emissions reductions and adequate adaptation become ever more important to ensure a safe and livable planet for present and future generations
-
Spectroscopy of elementary excitations from quench dynamics in a dipolar XY Rydberg simulator Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-19 Cheng Chen, Gabriel Emperauger, Guillaume Bornet, Filippo Caleca, Bastien Gély, Marcus Bintz, Shubhayu Chatterjee, Vincent Liu, Daniel Barredo, Norman Y. Yao, Thierry Lahaye, Fabio Mezzacapo, Tommaso Roscilde, Antoine Browaeys
The nature and spectrum of elementary excitations are defining features of a many-body system. Here, we use a Rydberg quantum simulator to demonstrate a form of spectroscopy, called quench spectroscopy, that probes these low-energy excitations. We illustrate the method on a two-dimensional simulation of the spin-1/2 dipolar XY model. Through microscopic measurements of the spatial spin correlation
-
Pan-viral ORFs discovery using massively parallel ribosome profiling Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Shira Weingarten-Gabbay, Matthew R. Bauer, Alexandra C. Stanton, Yingpu Yu, Catherine A. Freije, Nicole L. Welch, Chloe K. Boehm, Susan Klaeger, Eva K. Verzani, Daniel López, Lisa E. Hensley, Karl R. Clauser, Steven A. Carr, Jennifer G. Abelin, Charles M. Rice, Pardis C. Sabeti
Defining viral proteomes is crucial to understanding viral life cycles and immune recognition but the landscape of translated regions remains unknown for most viruses. We have developed massively parallel ribosome profiling (MPRP) to determine open reading frames (ORFs) across tens of thousands of designed oligonucleotides. MPRP identified 4208 unannotated ORFs in 679 human-associated viral genomes
-
A metabolite-based resistance mechanism against malaria Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Ana Figueiredo, Sonia Trikha Rastogi, Susana Ramos, Fátima Nogueira, Katherine De Villiers, António G. Gonçalves de Sousa, Lasse Votborg-Novél, Cäcilie von Wedel, Pinkus Tober-Lau, Elisa Jentho, Sara Pagnotta, Miguel Mesquita, Silvia Cardoso, Giulia Bortolussi, Andrés F. Muro, Erin M. Tranfield, Jessica Thibaud, Denise Duarte, Ana Laura Sousa, Sandra N. Pinto, Jamil Kitoko, Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma, Johannes
Jaundice is a common presentation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, which arises from the accumulation of circulating bilirubin. It is not understood whether it represents an adaptive or maladaptive response to Plasmodium spp. infection. We found that asymptomatic P. falciparum infection in humans was associated with a higher ratio of unconjugated over conjugated bilirubin and parasite burden compared
-
The proteome of the late Middle Pleistocene Harbin individual Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Qiaomei Fu, Fan Bai, Huiyun Rao, Shaokun Chen, Yannan Ji, Aoran Liu, E. Andrew Bennett, Feng Liu, Qiang Ji
Denisovans are a hominin group primarily known through genomes or proteins, but the precise morphological features of Denisovans remain elusive due to the fragmentary nature of discovered fossils. Here we report ninety-five endogenous proteins retrieved from a nearly complete cranium from Harbin, China, dating to at least 146,000 years ago and previous assigned to a new species, Homo longi . This individual
-
Antagonism as a foraging strategy in microbial communities Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Astrid K. M. Stubbusch, François J. Peaudecerf, Kang Soo Lee, Lucas Paoli, Julia Schwartzman, Roman Stocker, Marek Basler, Olga T. Schubert, Martin Ackermann, Cara Magnabosco, Glen G. D’Souza
In natural habitats, nutrient availability limits bacterial growth. We discovered that bacteria can overcome this limitation by acquiring nutrients by lysing neighboring cells through contact-dependent antagonism. Using single-cell live imaging and isotopic markers, we found that during starvation, the type VI secretion system (T6SS) lysed neighboring cells and thus provided nutrients from lysing cells
-
Introgression dynamics of sex-linked chromosomal inversions shape the Malawi cichlid radiation Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 L. M. Blumer, V. Burskaia, I. Artiushin, J. Saha, J. Camacho Garcia, F. Campuzano Jiménez, A. Hooft van der Huysdynen, J. Elkin, B. Fischer, N. Van Houtte, C. Zhou, S. Gresham, M. Malinsky, T. Linderoth, W. Sawasawa, G. Vernaz, I. Bista, A. Hickey, M. Kucka, S. Louzada, R. Zatha, F. Yang, B. Rusuwa, M. E. Santos, Y. F. Chan, D. A. Joyce, A. Böhne, E. A. Miska, M. Ngochera, G. F. Turner, R. Durbin,
Chromosomal inversions can contribute to adaptive speciation by linking coadapted alleles. By querying 1375 genomes of the species-rich Malawi cichlid fish radiation, we discovered five large inversions segregating in the benthic subradiation that each suppress recombination over more than half a chromosome. Two inversions were transferred from deepwater pelagic Diplotaxodon through admixture, whereas
-
Rapid model-guided design of organ-scale synthetic vasculature for biomanufacturing Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Zachary A. Sexton, Dominic Rütsche, Jessica E. Herrmann, Andrew R. Hudson, Soham Sinha, Jianyi Du, Daniel J. Shiwarski, Anastasiia Masaltseva, Fredrik Samdal Solberg, Jonathan Pham, Jason M. Szafron, Sean M. Wu, Adam W. Feinberg, Mark A. Skylar-Scott, Alison L. Marsden
Our ability to produce human-scale biomanufactured organs is limited by inadequate vascularization and perfusion. For arbitrarily complex geometries, designing and printing vasculature capable of adequate perfusion poses a major hurdle. We introduce a model-driven design platform that demonstrates rapid synthetic vascular model generation alongside multifidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations
-
Bridging the divide: Why the science-policy interface matters for global food systems Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Ismahane Elouafi
For decades, empirical evidence has pointed to the unsustainable trajectory of global food systems, linking industrialized production to soil degradation , water stress , and nutrition deficits across vulnerable populations and underscoring the urgent need for science-based policy interventions. But despite robust, peer‐reviewed evidence outlining both the magnitude of food‐system threats and an extensive
-
Scaling plant responses to heat: From molecules to the biosphere Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Margaret E. K. Evans, Jia Hu, Sean T. Michaletz
Predicting plant responses to rising temperatures, including acute heat waves and hot droughts of varying intensity and duration, is central to addressing the climate and biodiversity crises. However, plant responses to heat are scale-dependent, complicating cross-scale prediction. We highlight recent progress revealing how and why plant responses to heat change across scales, including scales of biological
-
An American research crisis with real human consequences Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Marc B. Parlange
Ivy League universities have dominated recent news headlines, having become popular targets for critics of higher education. But the threats they face—cuts to federal research funding, assaults on academic freedom, and bans on admitting international students—extend far beyond their campuses. Research universities across the country—large and small, public and private—are grappling with these same
-
Safeguarding crop photosynthesis in a rapidly warming world Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Carl J. Bernacchi, Stephen P. Long, Donald R. Ort
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will accelerate global warming and intensity of heat waves, which already harm crop productivity. From the stability of key enzymes to canopy processes, photosynthesis is affected by temperature. All crops suffer declines in photosynthetic rate when temperatures cross critical thresholds, with irreversible losses typically occurring above 40° to 45°C. Protective measures
-
Dispersed components drive temperature sensing and response in plants Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Avilash Singh Yadav, Sridevi Sureshkumar, Alok Krishna Sinha, Sureshkumar Balasubramanian
Plants are highly sensitive to temperature, and climate change is predicted to have negative impacts on agricultural productivity. Warming temperatures, coupled with a growing population, present a substantial challenge for food security and motivate research to understand how plants sense and respond to changes in temperature. Here, we synthesize our current understanding of temperature sensing and
-
Evolutionary-scale enzymology enables exploration of a rugged catalytic landscape Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Duncan F. Muir, Garrison P. R. Asper, Pascal Notin, Jacob A. Posner, Debora S. Marks, Michael J. Keiser, Margaux M. Pinney
Quantitatively mapping enzyme sequence-catalysis landscapes remains a critical challenge in understanding enzyme function, evolution, and design. In this study, we leveraged emerging microfluidic technology to measure catalytic constants— k cat and K M —for hundreds of diverse orthologs and mutants of adenylate kinase (ADK). We dissected this sequence-catalysis landscape’s topology, navigability, and
-
Observed trend in Earth energy imbalance may provide a constraint for low climate sensitivity models Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Gunnar Myhre, Øivind Hodnebrog, Norman Loeb, Piers M. Forster
Climate forcings by greenhouse gases and aerosols cause an imbalance at the top of the atmosphere between the net incoming solar radiation and outgoing longwave radiation from Earth. This Earth energy imbalance has strengthened over the period 2001 to 2023 with satellite data. Here, we show that low climate sensitivity models fail to reproduce the trend in Earth energy imbalance, particularly in the
-
RNA transcripts regulate G-quadruplex landscapes through G-loop formation Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Koichi Sato, Jing Lyu, Jeroen van den Berg, Diana Braat, Victoria M. Cruz, Carmen Navarro Luzón, Joost Schimmel, Clara Esteban-Jurado, Maëlys Alemany, Jan Dreyer, Aiko Hendrikx, Francesca Mattiroli, Alexander van Oudenaarden, Marcel Tijsterman, Simon J. Elsässer, Puck Knipscheer
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are prevalent DNA structures that regulate transcription but also threaten genome stability. How G4 dynamics are controlled remains poorly understood. Here, we report that RNA transcripts govern G4 landscapes through coordinated G-loop assembly and disassembly. G-loop assembly involves activation of the ATM and ATR kinases, followed by homology-directed invasion of RNA opposite
-
Gate-driven band modulation hyperdoping for high-performance p-type 2D semiconductor transistors Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Bei Zhao, Zucheng Zhang, Junqing Xu, Dingli Guo, Tiancheng Gu, Guiming He, Ping Lu, Kun He, Jia Li, Zhao Chen, Quan Ren, Lin Miao, Junpeng Lu, Zhenhua Ni, Xiangfeng Duan, Xidong Duan
Tailoring carrier density in atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors is challenging because of the inherently limited physical space for incorporating charge dopants. Here, we report that interlayer charge-transfer doping in type III van der Waals heterostructures can be greatly modulated by an external gate to realize a hyperdoping effect. Systematic gated-Hall measurements revealed that
-
Differential absorption of circularly polarized light by a centrosymmetric crystal Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Katherine A. Parrish, Andrew Salij, Kendall R. Kamp, Evan Smith, M. Iqbal Bakti Utama, Anders J. Bergsten, Rachel Czerwinski, Mackinsey A. Smith, Mark C. Hersam, Kenneth R. Poeppelmeier, Randall H. Goldsmith, Roel Tempelaar
Crystalline solids are governed by universal structure-property relationships derived from their crystal symmetry, leading to paradigmatic rules on what properties they can and cannot exhibit. A long-held structure-property relationship is that centrosymmetric crystals cannot differentially absorb circularly polarized light. In this study, we demonstrate the design, synthesis, and characterization
-
Global importance of nitrogen fixation across inland and coastal waters Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Robinson W. Fulweiler, Shelby Rinehart, Jason Taylor, Michelle C. Kelly, Megan E. Berberich, Nicholas E. Ray, Autumn Oczkowski, Sawyer Balint, Mar Benavides, Matthew J. Church, Brianna Loeks, Silvia Newell, Malin Olofsson, Jimmy Clifford Oppong, Sarah S. Roley, Carmella Vizza, Samuel T. Wilson, Subhadeep Chowdhury, Peter Groffman, J. Thad Scott, Amy M. Marcarelli
Biological nitrogen fixation is a key driver of global primary production and climate. Decades of effort have repeatedly updated nitrogen fixation estimates for terrestrial and open ocean systems, yet other aquatic systems in between have largely been ignored. Here we present an evaluation of nitrogen fixation for inland and coastal waters. We demonstrate that water column and sediment nitrogen fixation
-
Acid-humidified CO 2 gas input for stable electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 Shaoyun Hao, Ahmad Elgazzar, Shou-Kun Zhang, Tae-Ung Wi, Feng-Yang Chen, Yuge Feng, Peng Zhu, Haotian Wang
(Bi)carbonate salt formation has been widely recognized as a primary factor in poor operational stability of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR). We demonstrate that flowing CO 2 gas into an acid bubbler—which carries trace amounts of acid vapor into a gas diffusion electrode for silver-catalyzed CO 2 RR to carbon monoxide (CO)—can prevent salt accumulation. In a 100-square-centimeter
-
-
Bacteria poison and eat their neighbors. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Carey D Nadell,Christopher J Marx
Bacteria leverage a secretion system to kill and scavenge nutrients from nearby competitors.
-
US tariffs jeopardize medicine supply chains. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Giona Casiraghi,Georges Andres,Frank Schweitzer,Luca Verginer
-
Trump budget proposes killing nursing research institute. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Meredith Wadman
A tiny sliver of NIH, the institute has provided evidence base for bedside care.
-
Address Arctic shipping crisis at COP30. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Zhicheng Du,Changyue Liu,Zhaotian Xie,Hui-Yan Luo,Wentao Zhang,Xin He
-
Did science reformers play into Trump's hands? Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Cathleen O'Grady
Reform movement should have seen call for "gold standard science" coming, critics say.
-
Warming threatens fragile pact over Indus River waters. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Sushmita Pathak
Scientists say India-Pakistan treaty needs to be rethought for a changing world.
-
Many scientific societies are losing publishing revenue. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Jeffrey Brainard
Driven largely by open access, the trend puts society programming at risk.
-
A liability framework for high-risk neural devices. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 A Rotenberg,M Gunning,R Magistro Nadler,Z H T Kiss,J Illes
A no-fault compensation scheme may help balance innovation and patient protection.
-
Can wild plant adaptations help crops tolerate heat? Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Sam Yeaman
Wild plant species harbor a vast but largely unknown diversity of temperature stress solutions.
-
-
Proposed LIGO cut could snuff out brand new form of astronomy. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Adrian Cho
"You're killing a newborn baby," says one astrophysicist.
-
The hidden costs of gold mining in Ecuador. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Dan Cogălniceanu,Diana Szekely
-
New case law and liability risks for manufacturers of medical AI. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Sara Gerke,David A Simon
Recent case law can shape how innovation unfolds.
-
DNA in the air could track biodiversity-and humans. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Warren Cornwall
Technology could be a boon for science, but raises ethical concerns.
-
BBO-10203 inhibits tumor growth without inducing hyperglycemia by blocking RAS-PI3Kα interaction Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Dhirendra K. Simanshu, Rui Xu, James P. Stice, Daniel J. Czyzyk, Siyu Feng, John-Paul Denson, Erin Riegler, Yue Yang, Cathy Zhang, Sofia Donovan, Brian P. Smith, Maria Abreu-Blanco, Ming Chen, Cindy Feng, Lijuan Fu, Dana Rabara, Lucy C Young, Marcin Dyba, Wupeng Yan, Ken Lin, Samar Ghorbanpoorvalukolaie, Erik K. Larsen, Wafa Malik, Allison Champagne, Katie Parker, Jin Hyun Ju, Stevan Jeknic, Dominic
BBO-10203 is an orally available drug that covalently and specifically binds to the RAS-binding domain of phosphoinositide 3-kinase α (PI3Kα), preventing its activation by HRAS, NRAS, and KRAS. It inhibited PI3Kα activation in tumors with oncogenic mutations in KRAS or PIK3CA , and in tumors with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification or overexpression. In preclinical models
-
Disassembly activates Retron-Septu for antiphage defense Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Chen Wang, Anthony D. Rish, Emily G. Armbruster, Jiale Xie, Anna B. Loveland, Zhangfei Shen, Bradley Gu, Andrei A. Korostelev, Joe Pogliano, Tian-Min Fu
Retrons are antiphage defense systems that produce multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) and hold promises for genome engineering. However, the mechanisms of defense remain unclear. The Retron-Septu system uniquely integrates retron and Septu antiphage defenses. Cryo-electron microscopy structures reveal asymmetric nucleoprotein complexes comprising a reverse transcriptase (RT), msDNA (a hybrid of
-
Redox-regulated Aux/IAA multimerization modulates auxin responses Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Dipan Roy, Poonam Mehra, Lisa Clark, Vaishnavi Mukkawar, Kevin Bellande, Raquel Martin-Arevalillo, Srayan Ghosh, Kishor D. Ingole, Prakash Kumar Bhagat, Adrian Brown, Kawinnat Sue-ob, Andrew Jones, Joop E. M. Vermeer, Teva Vernoux, Kathryn Lilley, Phil Mullineaux, Ulrike Bechtold, Malcolm J. Bennett, Ari Sadanandom
Reactive oxygen species function as key signals in plant adaptation to environmental stresses like drought. Roots respond to transient water unavailability by temporarily ceasing branching through the acclimative response xerobranching. In this study, we report how a xerobranching stimulus triggers rapid changes of ROS levels in root nuclei, triggering redox-dependent multimerization of the auxin repressor
-
Carbonyl-to-sulfur swap enabled by sequential double carbon-carbon bond activation Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-12 Zining Zhang, Guangbin Dong
In drug development, replacement of a skeletal carbon with a sulfur atom can result in analogs of bioactive compounds with improved properties. Currently, the sulfur analogs are almost exclusively prepared by de novo synthesis; the existing approach to swap carbon with sulfur is inefficient and involves stoichiometric mercury reagents. In this study, we report a two-step carbonyl-to-sulfur (CO-to-S)
-
A near-real-time data-assimilative model of the solar corona Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-10 Cooper Downs, Jon A. Linker, Ronald M. Caplan, Emily I. Mason, Pete Riley, Ryder Davidson, Andres Reyes, Erika Palmerio, Roberto Lionello, James Turtle, Michal Ben-Nun, Miko M. Stulajter, Viacheslav S. Titov, Tibor Török, Lisa A. Upton, Raphael Attie, Bibhuti K. Jha, Charles N. Arge, Carl J. Henney, Gherardo Valori, Hanna Strecker, Daniele Calchetti, Dietmar Germerott, Johann Hirzberger, David Orozco
The Sun’s corona is its tenuous outer atmosphere of hot plasma, which is difficult to observe. Most models of the corona extrapolate its magnetic field from that measured on the photosphere (the Sun’s optical surface) over a full 27-day solar rotational period, providing a time-stationary approximation. We present a model of the corona that evolves continuously in time, by assimilating photospheric
-
Strangling intellectual independence Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Michael S. Harris
The phrase “Sputnik moment” is often used to describe a moment when a country—usually the United States—needs to respond to some technological leap made by another nation. The wake-up call is meant to provoke more investment in research, development, and education. Today, the United States faces another Sputnik moment, but this time, the threat isn’t coming from abroad—it’s coming from within.
-
The complex role of brain cilia in feeding control. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Anushweta Asthana,Peter K Jackson
Variants in a ciliary receptor are associated with obesity.
-
How migrating marine megafauna tracks with conservation. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Leah R Gerber,Katrina Davis
Area-based conservation is not sufficient to protect the ocean's most highly mobile species.
-
Erratum for the Research Article "In vivo hematopoietic stem cell modification by mRNA delivery" by L. Breda et al. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05
-
Pre-Columbian Great Lakes farmers transformed the land. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Andrew Lawler
Innovative techniques yielded corn, beans, and squash for 600 years before European contact.
-
Physicists' best hint of something new vanishes. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Adrian Cho
Long-running experiment concludes muon is no more magnetic than theory predicts.
-
Independent oversight crucial to Landsat Next. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 David P Roy,Michael A Wulder,Curtis Woodcock
-
Final NSF budget proposal details massive cuts. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Jeffrey Mervis
Trump request favors one giant telescope and kills a gravitational wave detector.
-
National Academies on brink of dramatic downsizing. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Meredith Wadman
Venerable advisory organization hit by Trump's contract cancellations.
-
Budget proposal would kill dozens of active and planned NASA spacecraft. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Paul Voosen
Proposal comes as White House pulls its nominee to lead NASA.
-
NIH funding policy deals new blow to HIV trial networks. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Sara Reardon
Halt to foreign "subawards" disrupts studies and compromises ethical obligations to trial volunteers.
-
A global minerals trust could prevent inefficient and inequitable protectionist policies. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Saleem H Ali,Daniel M Franks,Jose A Puppim de Oliveira,Kaveh Madani,Owen Gaffney,Eva Anggraini,Leonard Wantchekon,Xianlai Zeng
Critical mineral supply and demand require global coordination to reduce market volatility and conflict risk.
-
Gastruloids enable modeling of the earliest stages of human cardiac and hepatic vascularization Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Oscar J. Abilez, Huaxiao Yang, Yuan Guan, Mengcheng Shen, Zehra Yildirim, Yan Zhuge, Ravichandra Venkateshappa, Shane R. Zhao, Angello H. Gomez, Marcel El-Mokahal, Logan Dunkenberger, Yoshikazu Ono, Masafumi Shibata, Peter N. Nwokoye, Lei Tian, Kitchener D. Wilson, Evan H. Lyall, Fangjun Jia, Hung Ta Wo, Gao Zhou, Bryan Aldana, Ioannis Karakikes, Detlef Obal, Gary Peltz, Christopher K. Zarins, Joseph
Although model organisms have provided insight into the earliest stages of cardiac and hepatic vascularization, we know very little about this process in humans because of ethical restrictions and the technical difficulty of obtaining embryos during very early development. In this study, we demonstrate that micropatterned human pluripotent stem cell–derived gastruloids enable in vitro modeling of the
-
Archaeological evidence of intensive indigenous farming in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, USA Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Madeleine McLeester, Carolin Ferwerda, Jonathan Alperstein, David Overstreet, David Grignon, Jesse Casana
We describe archaeological evidence of intensive ancestral Native American agriculture in the now heavily forested Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Recent LIDAR (light detection and ranging) and excavation data have uncovered densely clustered ancient agricultural raised garden bed ridges covering an expanse far greater than previously realized. These raised agricultural fields are deeply enmeshed in the
-
Is taurine an aging biomarker? Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Maria Emilia Fernandez, Michel Bernier, Nathan L. Price, Simonetta Camandola, Miguel A. Aon, Kelli Vaughan, Julie A. Mattison, Joshua D. Preston, Dean P. Jones, Toshiko Tanaka, Qu Tian, Marta González-Freire, Luigi Ferrucci, Rafael de Cabo
Low circulating taurine concentrations have been proposed as a driver of the aging process. We found that circulating taurine concentrations increased or remained unchanged with age in three geographically distinct human cohorts as well as in nonhuman primates and mice when measured longitudinally (repeatedly in the same population) or cross-sectionally (sampling distinct populations at various ages)
-
GPR45 modulates Gα s at primary cilia of the paraventricular hypothalamus to control food intake Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Yu Xun, Yiao Jiang, Baijie Xu, Miao Tang, Sara Ludwig, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Saikat Mukhopadhyay, Chen Liu, Bruce Beutler, Zhao Zhang
The melanocortin system centrally regulates energy homeostasis, with key components such as melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and adenylyl cyclase 3 (ADCY3) in neuronal primary cilia. Mutations in MC4R and ADCY3 as well as ciliary dysfunction lead to obesity, but how melanocortin signaling works in cilia remains unclear. Using mouse random germline mutagenesis, we identified two missense mutations in
-
Integrated carbon and nitrogen management for cost-effective environmental policies in China Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Xin Xu, Xiuming Zhang, Yiyang Zou, Tianrun Chen, Jingfang Zhan, Luxi Cheng, Wilfried Winiwarter, Shaohui Zhang, Peter M. Vitousek, Wim de Vries, Baojing Gu
Carbon and nitrogen are central elements in global biogeochemical cycles. To effectively manage carbon and nitrogen in China, we developed a comprehensive model for quantifying their fluxes, investigating their interplay across 16 human and natural subsystems. Between 1980 and 2020, nitrogen losses in China increased 2.3-fold and carbon emissions surged 6.5-fold. Integrated carbon and nitrogen management
-
Dehorning reduces rhino poaching Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Timothy Kuiper, Sharon Haussmann, Steven Whitfield, Daniel Polakow, Cathy Dreyer, Sam Ferreira, Markus Hofmeyr, Jo Shaw, Jed Bird, Mark Bourn, Wayne Boyd, Zianca Greeff, Zala Hartman, Kim Lester, Ian Nowak, Iain Olivier, Edwin Pierce, Colin Rowles, Sandra Snelling, Martin van Tonder, Ellery Worth, Hannes Zowitsky, E. J. Milner-Gulland, Res Altwegg
Across 11 southern African reserves protecting the world’s largest rhino population, we documented the poaching of 1985 rhinos (2017–2023, ~6.5% of the population annually) despite approximately USD 74 million spent on antipoaching. Most investment focused on reactive law enforcement—rangers, tracking dogs, access controls, and detection cameras—which helped achieve >700 poacher arrests. Yet we found
-
Oxygen intrusions sustain aerobic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in anoxic marine zones Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Pearse J. Buchanan, Xin Sun, J. L. Weissman, Daniel McCoy, Daniele Bianchi, Emily J. Zakem
Anaerobic metabolisms are thought to dominate nitrogen cycling in anoxic marine zones (AMZs). However, thriving populations of aerobic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in AMZs challenge this assumption and remain unexplained. Using theory and modeling, we show how periodic oxygen intrusions sustain aerobic NOB in AMZs alongside more competitive aerobic heterotrophs. Ecological theory, supported by
-
In-insect synthesis of oxygen-doped molecular nanocarbons Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Atsushi Usami, Hideya Kono, Vic Austen, Quan Manh Phung, Hiroki Shudo, Tomoki Kato, Hayato Yamada, Akiko Yagi, Kazuma Amaike, Kazuhiro J. Fujimoto, Takeshi Yanai, Kenichiro Itami
Many functional molecules and materials have been produced with organic chemistry or with in vitro enzymatic approaches. Individual organisms, such as insects, have the potential to serve as natural reaction platforms in which high densities of multiple enzymes can perform new and complex reactions. We report an “in-insect” unnatural product synthesis that takes advantage of their xenobiotic metabolism