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Tech companies liable for illegal wildlife trade. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Thais Q Morcatty,Gretchen Peters,K A I Nekaris,Pedro Cardoso,Caroline S Fukushima,Hani R El Bizri,Vincent Nijman
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When less is more in the evolution of language. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Harold Gouzoules
Did loss of vocal fold membranes typical of nonhuman primates enable human speech?
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Our rhythmic existenceLife Time Russell Foster Yale University Press, 2022. 480 pp. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Manon Torres,Achim Kramer
A neuroscientist interrogates sleep and circadian clocks.
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Longevity lessonsMethuselah's Zoo: What Nature Can Teach Us About Living Longer, Healthier Lives Steven N. Austad MIT Press, 2022. 320 pp. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Charles Brenner
Animal aging could hold clues to healthier human life spans.
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Ultra-sounding out a technique that sticks. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Julien Es Sayed,Marleen Kamperman
Ultrasound can be used to promote the physical interlocking of adhesives and tissues.
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A soft active matter that can climb walls. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Jérémie Palacci
Mechanical activity of an active fluid can be used to control its dynamics at the boundaries.
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Star marine ecologist guilty of misconduct, university says. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Martin Enserink
University of Delaware finding vindicates whistleblowers.
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Insurance-sector tools to combat biodiversity loss. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Carolyn Kousky
Risk transfer can facilitate nature-positive investments.
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Star's midlife crisis illuminates our Sun's history-and future. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Zack Savitsky
Long magnetic lull mimics Maunder Minimum, when sunspots largely disappeared 400 years ago.
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Webb reveals early universe's galactic bounty. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Daniel Clery
Star formation after the big bang appears much faster than models had forecast.
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Harassment researchers decry proposed reporting rule. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Katie Langin
U.S. Title IX law update requiring mandatory reporting of sexual misconduct would cause harm, they say.
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Scientists scramble to set up monkeypox vaccine trials. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Kai Kupferschmidt
Logistical and ethical challenges are complicating the design of efficacy studies.
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Deep-learning seismology Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 S. Mostafa Mousavi, Gregory C. Beroza
Seismic waves from earthquakes and other sources are used to infer the structure and properties of Earth’s interior. The availability of large-scale seismic datasets and the suitability of deep-learning techniques for seismic data processing have pushed deep learning to the forefront of fundamental, long-standing research investigations in seismology. However, some aspects of applying deep learning
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Save the Supreme Court and democracy Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Maya Sen
The US Supreme Court has been busy. It recently overturned a nearly 50-year-old precedent protecting abortion rights, upheld the right to carry guns outside the home, and hamstrung the Environmental Protection Agency’s ability to regulate emissions—all while signaling an aversion to contemporary empirical evidence and instead favoring “history and tradition.” Although the majority of Americans disagree
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Prokaryotic innate immunity through pattern recognition of conserved viral proteins Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Linyi Alex Gao, Max E. Wilkinson, Jonathan Strecker, Kira S. Makarova, Rhiannon K. Macrae, Eugene V. Koonin, Feng Zhang
Many organisms have evolved specialized immune pattern-recognition receptors, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like receptors (NLRs) of the STAND superfamily that are ubiquitous in plants, animals, and fungi. Although the roles of NLRs in eukaryotic immunity are well established, it is unknown whether prokaryotes use similar defense mechanisms. Here, we show that antiviral STAND
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Cavity-mediated electron-photon pairs Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Armin Feist, Guanhao Huang, Germaine Arend, Yujia Yang, Jan-Wilke Henke, Arslan Sajid Raja, F. Jasmin Kappert, Rui Ning Wang, Hugo Lourenço-Martins, Zheru Qiu, Junqiu Liu, Ofer Kfir, Tobias J. Kippenberg, Claus Ropers
Quantum information, communication, and sensing rely on the generation and control of quantum correlations in complementary degrees of freedom. Free electrons coupled to photonics promise novel hybrid quantum technologies, although single-particle correlations and entanglement have yet to be shown. In this work, we demonstrate the preparation of electron-photon pair states using the phase-matched interaction
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LLPS of FXR1 drives spermiogenesis by activating translation of stored mRNAs Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Jun-Yan Kang, Ze Wen, Duo Pan, Yuhan Zhang, Qing Li, Ai Zhong, Xinghai Yu, Yi-Chen Wu, Yu Chen, Xiangzheng Zhang, Peng-Cheng Kou, Junlan Geng, Ying-Yi Wang, Min-Min Hua, Ruiting Zong, Biao Li, Hui-Juan Shi, Dangsheng Li, Xiang-Dong Fu, Jinsong Li, David L. Nelson, Xuejiang Guo, Yu Zhou, Lan-Tao Gou, Ying Huang, Mo-Fang Liu
Postmeiotic spermatids use a unique strategy to coordinate gene expression with morphological transformation, in which transcription and translation take place at separate developmental stages, but how mRNAs stored as translationally inert messenger ribonucleoproteins in developing spermatids become activated remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the RNA binding protein FXR1, a member of the
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The evolutionary network of whiptail lizards reveals predictable outcomes of hybridization Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Anthony J. Barley, Adrián Nieto-Montes de Oca, Norma L. Manríquez-Morán, Robert C. Thomson
Hybridization between diverging lineages is associated with the generation and loss of species diversity, introgression, adaptation, and changes in reproductive mode, but it is unknown when and why it results in these divergent outcomes. We estimate a comprehensive evolutionary network for the largest group of unisexual vertebrates and use it to understand the evolutionary outcomes of hybridization
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Dynamics of active liquid interfaces Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Raymond Adkins, Itamar Kolvin, Zhihong You, Sven Witthaus, M. Cristina Marchetti, Zvonimir Dogic
Controlling interfaces of phase-separating fluid mixtures is key to the creation of diverse functional soft materials. Traditionally, this is accomplished with surface-modifying chemical agents. Using experiment and theory, we studied how mechanical activity shapes soft interfaces that separate an active and a passive fluid. Chaotic flows in the active fluid give rise to giant interfacial fluctuations
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Controlled tough bioadhesion mediated by ultrasound Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Zhenwei Ma, Claire Bourquard, Qiman Gao, Shuaibing Jiang, Tristan De Iure-Grimmel, Ran Huo, Xuan Li, Zixin He, Zhen Yang, Galen Yang, Yixiang Wang, Edmond Lam, Zu-hua Gao, Outi Supponen, Jianyu Li
Tough bioadhesion has important implications in engineering and medicine but remains challenging to form and control. We report an ultrasound (US)–mediated strategy to achieve tough bioadhesion with controllability and fatigue resistance. Without chemical reaction, the US can amplify the adhesion energy and interfacial fatigue threshold between hydrogels and porcine skin by up to 100 and 10 times.
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Nested epistasis enhancer networks for robust genome regulation Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Xueqiu Lin, Yanxia Liu, Shuai Liu, Xiang Zhu, Lingling Wu, Yanyu Zhu, Dehua Zhao, Xiaoshu Xu, Augustine Chemparathy, Haifeng Wang, Yaqiang Cao, Muneaki Nakamura, Jasprina N. Noordermeer, Marie La Russa, Wing Hung Wong, Keji Zhao, Lei S. Qi
Mammalian genomes possess multiple enhancers spanning an ultralong distance (>megabases) to modulate important genes, yet it is unclear how these enhancers coordinate to achieve this task. Here, we combine multiplexed CRISPRi screening with machine learning to define quantitative enhancer-enhancer interactions. We find that the ultralong distance enhancer network possesses a nested multi-layer architecture
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Synthetic genetic circuits as a means of reprogramming plant roots Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Jennifer A. N. Brophy, Katie J. Magallon, Lina Duan, Vivian Zhong, Prashanth Ramachandran, Kiril Kniazev, José R. Dinneny
The shape of a plant’s root system influences its ability to reach essential nutrients in the soil and to acquire water during drought. Progress in engineering plant roots to optimize water and nutrient acquisition has been limited by our capacity to design and build genetic programs that alter root growth in a predictable manner. We developed a collection of synthetic transcriptional regulators for
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Electron in a cube: Synthesis and characterization of perfluorocubane as an electron acceptor Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Masafumi Sugiyama, Midori Akiyama, Yuki Yonezawa, Kenji Komaguchi, Masahiro Higashi, Kyoko Nozaki, Takashi Okazoe
Fluorinated analogs of polyhedral hydrocarbons have been predicted to localize an electron within their cages upon reduction. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of perfluorocubane, a stable polyhedral fluorocarbon. The key to the successful synthesis was the efficient introduction of multiple fluorine atoms to cubane by liquid-phase reaction with fluorine gas. The solid-state structure
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Evolutionary loss of complexity in human vocal anatomy as an adaptation for speech Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Takeshi Nishimura, Isao T. Tokuda, Shigehiro Miyachi, Jacob C. Dunn, Christian T. Herbst, Kazuyoshi Ishimura, Akihisa Kaneko, Yuki Kinoshita, Hiroki Koda, Jaap P. P. Saers, Hirohiko Imai, Tetsuya Matsuda, Ole Næsbye Larsen, Uwe Jürgens, Hideki Hirabayashi, Shozo Kojima, W. Tecumseh Fitch
Human speech production obeys the same acoustic principles as vocal production in other animals but has distinctive features: A stable vocal source is filtered by rapidly changing formant frequencies. To understand speech evolution, we examined a wide range of primates, combining observations of phonation with mathematical modeling. We found that source stability relies upon simplifications in laryngeal
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Individual tracking reveals long-distance flight-path control in a nocturnally migrating moth Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Myles H. M. Menz, Martina Scacco, Hans-Martin Bürki-Spycher, Hannah J. Williams, Don R. Reynolds, Jason W. Chapman, Martin Wikelski
Each year, trillions of insects make long-range seasonal migrations. These movements are relatively well understood at a population level, but how individual insects achieve them remains elusive. Behavioral responses to conditions en route are little studied, primarily owing to the challenges of tracking individual insects. Using a light aircraft and individual radio tracking, we show that nocturnally
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Unleashing spontaneity in a time crystal. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Lindsay J LeBlanc
Ordered patterns reoccur over time in an ultracold atomic gas trapped in light.
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Why we do what we doDancing Cockatoos and the Dead Man Test Marlene Zuk Norton, 2022. 352 pp. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Rob Dunn
From regenerating sea slugs to self-medicating sheep, a biologist probes the origins and evolution of behavior.
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Transparency practices at the FDA: A barrier to global health. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Murray M Lumpkin,Margaret A Hamburg,William B Schultz,Joshua M Sharfstein
Data sharing among regulators must be "business as usual".
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Primary forest loss in biodiverse Indian states. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Suvarna Khadakkar
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Climate change threatens Pakistan's snow leopards. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Uzair Aslam Bhatti,Mir Muhammad Nizamani,Huang Mengxing
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A regenerative niche for stem cells. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Davide Gabellini
Production of hyaluronic acid allows regenerative signaling in muscle stem cells after injury.
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Mitochondria rescue cells from ischemic injury. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Susana Cadenas
Activation of a G protein-coupled receptor prevents cardiomyocyte death during ischemia.
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Innovation bill will reshape science agencies. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Jeffrey Mervis
CHIPS and Science Act creates NSF tech directorate and boosts applied research.
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Making broader coronavirus vaccines is a struggle. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Jon Cohen
Efforts to protect against future variants or novel coronaviruses face funding constraints and other problems.
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Ambitious bill leads to 40% cut in emissions, models show. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Erik Stokstad
But more action is needed to reach Biden's pledge to halve greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.
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Mouse stem cells grown into embryo mimics. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Mitch Leslie
Bioreactor lets "embryoids" mature long enough for multiple organs to form.
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Ultrasound neuromodulation of the deep brain. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Davide Folloni
Noninvasive, reversible stimulation of neural circuits can regulate behavior.
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Ordinary computer matches Google's quantum computer. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Adrian Cho
High-profile claim of "quantum supremacy" fades.
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Inequality goes viralThe Viral Underclass: The Human Toll When Inequality and Disease Collide Steven W. Thrasher Celadon Books, 2022. 352 pp. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Ayah Nuriddin
Structural factors exacerbate the impact of viruses.
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The history and challenge of grassy biomes. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Caroline A E Strömberg,A Carla Staver
Grassy biomes are >20 million years old but are undervalued and under threat today.
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Meiotic exit in Arabidopsis is driven by P-body–mediated inhibition of translation Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Albert Cairo, Anna Vargova, Neha Shukla, Claudio Capitao, Pavlina Mikulkova, Sona Valuchova, Jana Pecinkova, Petra Bulankova, Karel Riha
Meiosis, at the transition between diploid and haploid life cycle phases, is accompanied by reprograming of cell division machinery and followed by a transition back to mitosis. We show that, in Arabidopsis , this transition is driven by inhibition of translation, achieved by a mechanism that involves processing bodies (P-bodies). During the second meiotic division, the meiosis-specific protein THREE-DIVISION
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Comment on “Pushing the frontiers of density functionals by solving the fractional electron problem” Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Igor S. Gerasimov, Timofey V. Losev, Evgeny Yu. Epifanov, Irina Rudenko, Ivan S. Bushmarinov, Alexander A. Ryabov, Petr A. Zhilyaev, Michael G. Medvedev
Kirkpatrick et al . (Reports, 9 December 2021, p. 1385) trained a neural network–based DFT functional, DM21, on fractional-charge (FC) and fractional-spin (FS) systems, and they claim that it has outstanding accuracy for chemical systems exhibiting strong correlation. Here, we show that the ability of DM21 to generalize the behavior of such systems does not follow from the published results and requires
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Ancient grasslands guide ambitious goals in grassland restoration Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Elise Buisson, Sally Archibald, Alessandra Fidelis, Katharine N. Suding
Grasslands, which constitute almost 40% of the terrestrial biosphere, provide habitat for a great diversity of animals and plants and contribute to the livelihoods of more than 1 billion people worldwide. Whereas the destruction and degradation of grasslands can occur rapidly, recent work indicates that complete recovery of biodiversity and essential functions occurs slowly or not at all. Grassland
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A conserved Bacteroidetes antigen induces anti-inflammatory intestinal T lymphocytes Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Djenet Bousbaine, Laura I. Fisch, Mariya London, Preksha Bhagchandani, Tiago B. Rezende de Castro, Mark Mimee, Scott Olesen, Bernardo S. Reis, David VanInsberghe, Juliana Bortolatto, Mathilde Poyet, Ross W. Cheloha, John Sidney, Jingjing Ling, Aaron Gupta, Timothy K. Lu, Alessandro Sette, Eric J. Alm, James J. Moon, Gabriel D. Victora, Daniel Mucida, Hidde L. Ploegh, Angelina M. Bilate
The microbiome contributes to the development and maturation of the immune system. In response to commensal bacteria, intestinal CD4 + T lymphocytes differentiate into functional subtypes with regulatory or effector functions. The development of small intestine intraepithelial lymphocytes that coexpress CD4 and CD8αα homodimers (CD4IELs) depends on the microbiota. However, the identity of the microbial
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Grassland soil carbon sequestration: Current understanding, challenges, and solutions Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Yongfei Bai, M. Francesca Cotrufo
Grasslands store approximately one third of the global terrestrial carbon stocks and can act as an important soil carbon sink. Recent studies show that plant diversity increases soil organic carbon (SOC) storage by elevating carbon inputs to belowground biomass and promoting microbial necromass contribution to SOC storage. Climate change affects grassland SOC storage by modifying the processes of plant
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Pathogenic variants damage cell composition and single cell transcription in cardiomyopathies Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Daniel Reichart, Eric L. Lindberg, Henrike Maatz, Antonio M. A. Miranda, Anissa Viveiros, Nikolay Shvetsov, Anna Gärtner, Emily R. Nadelmann, Michael Lee, Kazumasa Kanemaru, Jorge Ruiz-Orera, Viktoria Strohmenger, Daniel M. DeLaughter, Giannino Patone, Hao Zhang, Andrew Woehler, Christoph Lippert, Yuri Kim, Eleonora Adami, Joshua M. Gorham, Sam N. Barnett, Kemar Brown, Rachel J. Buchan, Rasheda A.
Pathogenic variants in genes that cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) convey high risks for the development of heart failure through unknown mechanisms. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we characterized the transcriptome of 880,000 nuclei from 18 control and 61 failing, nonischemic human hearts with pathogenic variants in DCM and ACM genes or idiopathic disease
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Synchronous assembly of chiral skeletal single-crystalline microvessels Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Osamu Oki, Hiroshi Yamagishi, Yasuhiro Morisaki, Ryo Inoue, Kana Ogawa, Nanami Miki, Yasuo Norikane, Hiroyasu Sato, Yohei Yamamoto
Skeletal or concave polyhedral crystals appear in a variety of synthetic processes and natural environments. However, their morphology, size, and orientation are difficult to control because of their highly kinetic growth character. We report a methodology to achieve synchronous, uniaxial, and stepwise growth of micrometer-scale skeletal single crystals from planar-chiral double-decker molecules. Upon
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JMJD3 activated hyaluronan synthesis drives muscle regeneration in an inflammatory environment Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Kiran Nakka, Sarah Hachmer, Zeinab Mokhtari, Radmila Kovac, Hina Bandukwala, Clara Bernard, Yuefeng Li, Guojia Xie, Chengyu Liu, Magid Fallahi, Lynn A. Megeney, Julien Gondin, Bénédicte Chazaud, Marjorie Brand, Xiaohui Zha, Kai Ge, F. Jeffrey Dilworth
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) reside in a specialized niche that ensures their regenerative capacity. Although we know that innate immune cells infiltrate the niche in response to injury, it remains unclear how MuSCs adapt to this altered environment for initiating repair. Here, we demonstrate that inflammatory cytokine signaling from the regenerative niche impairs the ability of quiescent MuSCs to reenter
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Mitochondrial remodeling and ischemic protection by G protein–coupled receptor 35 agonists Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Gregory A. Wyant, Wenyu Yu, IIias P. Doulamis, Rio S. Nomoto, Mossab Y. Saeed, Thomas Duignan, James D McCully, William G. Kaelin
Kynurenic acid (KynA) is tissue protective in cardiac, cerebral, renal, and retinal ischemia models, but the mechanism is unknown. KynA can bind to multiple receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, the a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (a7nAChR), multiple ionotropic glutamate receptors, and the orphan G protein–coupled receptor GPR35. Here, we show that GPR35 activation was necessary and
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Carbene reactivity from alkyl and aryl aldehydes Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Lumin Zhang, Bethany M. DeMuynck, Alyson N. Paneque, Joy E. Rutherford, David A. Nagib
Carbenes are highly enabling reactive intermediates that facilitate a diverse range of otherwise inaccessible chemistry, including small-ring formation and insertion into strong σ bonds. To access such valuable reactivity, reagents with high entropic or enthalpic driving forces are often used, including explosive (diazo) or unstable ( gem -dihalo) compounds. Here, we report that common aldehydes are
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The planetary role of seagrass conservation Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Richard K. F. Unsworth, Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth, Benjamin L. H. Jones, Richard J. Lilley
Seagrasses are remarkable plants that have adapted to live in a marine environment. They form extensive meadows found globally that bioengineer their local environments and preserve the coastal seascape. With the increasing realization of the planetary emergency that we face, there is growing interest in using seagrasses as a nature-based solution for greenhouse gas mitigation. However, seagrass sensitivity
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A key time for UK–Europe science Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Peter Mathieson
The opening line of a recent Financial Times article put it best: “Relations between the UK and EU badly need a reset.” Although the article was mostly about geopolitics, the disconnect also applies to science and the current uncertainty about whether the UK will remain an associated partner in European Union (EU) research programs such as Horizon Europe. In the post-Brexit era, and with a new UK Prime
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Pituitary hormone α-MSH promotes tumor-induced myelopoiesis and immunosuppression Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Yueli Xu, Jiaxian Yan, Ye Tao, Xiaojun Qian, Chi Zhang, Libei Yin, Pengying Gu, Yehai Liu, Yueyin Pan, Renhong Tang, Wei Jiang, Rongbin Zhou
The hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) unit can produce various hormones to regulate immune responses and some of its downstream hormones or effectors are elevated in cancer patients. We show that HP unit can promote myelopoiesis and immunosuppression to accelerate tumor growth. Subcutaneous implantation of tumors induced hypothalamus activation and pituitary α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) production
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Changes in North Atlantic deep-water oxygenation across the Middle Pleistocene Transition Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Nicola C. Thomas, Harold J. Bradbury, David A. Hodell
The oxygen concentrations of oceanic deep-water and atmospheric carbon dioxide ( p CO 2 ) are intrinsically linked through organic carbon remineralization and storage as dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep sea. We present a high-resolution reconstruction of relative changes in oxygen concentration in the deep North Atlantic for the past 1.5 million years using the carbon isotope gradient between
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The continuum of Drosophila embryonic development at single-cell resolution Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Diego Calderon, Ronnie Blecher-Gonen, Xingfan Huang, Stefano Secchia, James Kentro, Riza M. Daza, Beth Martin, Alessandro Dulja, Christoph Schaub, Cole Trapnell, Erica Larschan, Kate M. O’Connor-Giles, Eileen E. M. Furlong, Jay Shendure
Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful, long-standing model for metazoan development and gene regulation. We profiled chromatin accessibility in almost 1 million and gene expression in half a million nuclei from overlapping windows spanning the entirety of embryogenesis. Leveraging developmental asynchronicity within embryo collections, we applied deep neural networks to infer the age of each nucleus
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Selection against admixture and gene regulatory divergence in a long-term primate field study Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Tauras P. Vilgalys, Arielle S. Fogel, Jordan A. Anderson, Raphael S. Mututua, J. Kinyua Warutere, I. Long’ida Siodi, Sang Yoon Kim, Tawni N. Voyles, Jacqueline A. Robinson, Jeffrey D. Wall, Elizabeth A. Archie, Susan C. Alberts, Jenny Tung
Genetic admixture is central to primate evolution. We combined 50 years of field observations of immigration and group demography with genomic data from ~9 generations of hybrid baboons to investigate the consequences of admixture in the wild. Despite no obvious fitness costs to hybrids, we found signatures of selection against admixture similar to those described for archaic hominins. These patterns
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Molecular, cellular, and developmental foundations of grass diversity Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Paula McSteen, Elizabeth A. Kellogg
Humans have cultivated grasses for food, feed, beverages, and construction materials for millennia. Grasses also dominate the landscape in vast parts of the world, where they have adapted morphologically and physiologically, diversifying to form ~12,000 species. Sequences of hundreds of grass genomes show that they are essentially collinear; nonetheless, not all species have the same complement of
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Response to Comment on “Pushing the frontiers of density functionals by solving the fractional electron problem” Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 James Kirkpatrick, Brendan McMorrow, David H. P. Turban, Alexander L. Gaunt, James S. Spencer, Alexander G. D. G. Matthews, Annette Obika, Louis Thiry, Meire Fortunato, David Pfau, Lara Román Castellanos, Stig Petersen, Alexander W. R. Nelson, Pushmeet Kohli, Paula Mori-Sánchez, Demis Hassabis, Aron J. Cohen
Gerasimov et al . claim that the ability of DM21 to respect fractional charge (FC) and fractional spin (FS) conditions outside of the training set has not been demonstrated in our paper. This is based on (i) asserting that the training set has a ~50% overlap with our bond-breaking benchmark (BBB) and (ii) questioning the validity and accuracy of our other generalization examples. We disagree with their
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Analysis of somatic mutations in 131 human brains reveals aging-associated hypermutability. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 Taejeong Bae,Liana Fasching,Yifan Wang,Joo Heon Shin,Milovan Suvakov,Yeongjun Jang,Scott Norton,Caroline Dias,Jessica Mariani,Alexandre Jourdon,Feinan Wu,Arijit Panda,Reenal Pattni,Yasmine Chahine,Rebecca Yeh,Rosalinda C Roberts,Anita Huttner,Joel E Kleinman,Thomas M Hyde,Richard E Straub,Christopher A Walsh,,Alexander E Urban,James F Leckman,Daniel R Weinberger,Flora M Vaccarino,Alexej Abyzov,Christopher
We analyzed 131 human brains (44 neurotypical, 19 with Tourette syndrome, 9 with schizophrenia, and 59 with autism) for somatic mutations after whole genome sequencing to a depth of more than 200×. Typically, brains had 20 to 60 detectable single-nucleotide mutations, but ~6% of brains harbored hundreds of somatic mutations. Hypermutability was associated with age and damaging mutations in genes implicated
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The material properties of chromatin in vivo. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 Woong Young So,Kandice Tanner
Chromatin is fluidlike within the crowded nucleus when probed in a living cell.