Empirical studies have highlighted the important influence of lakes on stream temperature at landscape scales, even when lakes comprise just a small fraction of the catchment area. However, only a few studies have focused on the hydrologic and thermal processes underpinning these landscape patterns. We collected detailed field measurements at a boreal stream that drains a headwater lake and used these

A sharp decline in the Sediment load at the seaward most Datong station (DTS) of the Yangtze River occurred at an average rate of 7.22 × 106 t/yr since 1956, and this drop had a staircase pattern that can be divided into five distinct periods (1956–1968, 1969–1991, 1992–2002, 2003–2012, and 2013–2017). In this study, a new holistic basin‐wide Sediment Budget Method (SBM) was developed using sediment

The processes underlying sediment transport mechanics are still debated. Here, we present novel ensemble particle bedload measurements, obtained with high‐frequency imaging of particle velocities and activity over various bedform migration stages. We show that the bedload particle flux quickly responds to the unsteady non‐uniform flow over the bed. Mean particle velocity linearly increases over the

As shallow aquifers become depleted or contaminated worldwide, use of deep aquifers will likely increase to meet growing water demands despite expensive drilling costs and well maintenance, and limited recharge to many of these deep systems. We discuss depletion of the Cambrian‐Ordovician sandstone aquifer, a deep bedrock aquifer that has been a major source of water in the Midwestern US for over 150 years

River discharge is an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) and is one of the best monitored components of the terrestrial water cycle. Nonetheless, gauging stations are distributed unevenly around the world, leaving many white spaces on global freshwater resources maps. Here, we use a machine learning algorithm and historical weather data to upscale sparse in situ river discharge measurements. We provide

Surface topography can influence flow pathways and the location of runoff source areas and water transport in steep headwater catchments. However, the influence of topography on spatial patterns of residual soil moisture is less well understood. We measured soil volumetric water content (VWC) on 14 dates at 0–30 and 30–60 cm depth at 54 sites on a steep, 10 ha north‐facing forested slope in the west‐central

Dynamic hydrologic exchange flows in river beds and banks are important for many ecosystem functions throughout river corridors. Here we test whether the exchanges and the associated mixing between a flooding river and groundwater within the river’s bank can be effectively traced by Radon‐222 (222Rn), a naturally occurring, inert, radiogenic, and radioactive gas that can be analyzed and monitored in

The authors appreciate Dr. Kabala's interest in our work and his commitment to protecting research work integrity and scientific records accuracy. They are of the utmost importance to us as well. After receiving the Comment, we made it our highest priority to respond, address the concerns raised, and carefully re‐examine our manuscript. This reply is to “Comment on ‘An analytical solution of groundwater

In companion paper 1, the SAtellite Water Cycle (SAWC) satellite data set integration approach was presented. SAWC accounts for (1) the closure of the water budget at the sub‐basin scale by (2) using upstream/downstream dependencies. Here, the SAWC database is used to reconstruct a missing water component. The total water storage change (dS) can be reconstructed prior to the Gravity Recovery and Climate

Monitoring coherently the Amazon Water Cycle (WC) using satellite observations is crucial for climate and water resources studies. The SAtellite Water Cycle (SAWC) integration methodology is introduced to optimize the satellite datasets. In this paper, the WC budget is balanced simultaneously over 10 sub‐basins by constraining the horizontal water exchanges between them. Compared to an actual assimilation

Meandering river floodplains often contain intermittently flooded complex channel networks. Many questions remain as to the pervasiveness, function, and evolution of these floodplain channels. In this present work, we analyzed size‐specific sediment transport potential and assessed whether the channelized floodplain of the meandering East Fork White River near Seymour, Indiana is on a net erosional

This study presents a conceptual Dual‐Permeability Non‐Equilibrium (DPNE) model that accounts for both physical and chemical non‐equilibria to describe the reactive solute transport through a porous medium. A semi‐analytical solution of the DPNE model is derived in the Laplace domain, which is then numerically inverted to obtain concentrations in different domains at different times and depths. The

Understanding the distribution of snow‐water equivalent (SWE) is crucial for the prediction of water resources in the western United States. Backward running SWE reconstructions use satellite‐observed, binary snow presence imagery to reconstruct SWE mass estimates. This approach relies on the connection between snow timing and peak SWE, yet few studies have directly examined this relationship. Here

Despite the high sensitivity of Flux Variance Similarity (FVS) partitioning to leaf‐level water use efficiency (WUE), relatively little work has been done comparing WUE algorithms. We evaluated four intercellular CO2 concentration parameterizations (constant_ppm, constant_ratio, and linear and square root functions of vapor pressure deficit) and one optimized WUE approach using eddy covariance data

The mathematical represntation of the soil hydraulic properties is of central importance for modeling water, solute and energy transport in soils. The established models of the water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves account for capillary water retention and conductivity, but neglect water adsorption and water flow in films and pore corners. They are therefore suited for modeling flow and

In this study, we perform a data assimilation (DA) experiment on a very large number (> 700) of small‐ and medium‐scale (150 to 10000 km2) European catchments to assess the impact of satellite soil moisture (SM) DA on streamflow simulations for different climatic and hydrologic conditions. In the experiment, Climate Change Initiative (CCI) SM active, passive and combined products are assimilated over

Flood inundation modelling across large data sparse areas has been increasing in recent years, driven by a desire to provide hazard information for a wider range of locations. The sophistication of these models has steadily advanced over the past decade due to improvements in remote sensing and modelling capability. There are now several global flood models (GFMs) that seek to simulate water surface

Ensemble forecasting applied to the field of hydrology is currently an established area of research embracing a broad spectrum of operational situations. This work catalogues the various pathways of ensemble streamflow forecasting based on an exhaustive review of more than 700 studies over the last 40 years. We focus on the advanced state of the art in the model‐based (dynamical) ensemble forecasting

Groundwater levels across parts of western Kansas have been declining at unsustainable rates due to pumping for agricultural irrigation despite water‐saving efforts. Accelerating this decline is the complex agricultural landscape, consisting of both categorical (e.g., management boundaries) and numerical (e.g., crop prices) factors that drive irrigation decisions, making integrated water budget management

Land surface water is a key component of the global water cycle. Compared to remote sensing by satellites, both temporal extension and spatial continuity are superior in modeling of water surface area. However, overall evaluation of models representing different kinds of surface waters at the global scale is lacking. We estimated land surface water area (LSWA) using the Catchment‐based Macro‐scale

Open‐bottom permeameters (OBP) are commonly used for estimating the hydraulic properties of sediment beds under water bodies and fluxes across the sediment‐water interface. The specific shape factor for an OBP flow situation is necessary for data interpretation. It is determined by the ratio of the permeameter tube radius to the tube's penetration depth within the sediment. Previous permeameter designs

Interaction of under‐ice physical, chemical, and biological processes with lake ice/snow cover is examined to better understand how changing winter climate may affect lake ecosystems. We derived under‐ice dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics from high‐frequency observations and modified a widely used lake metabolism model by including the effect of freezing and thawing on DO concentration. Estimates were

We examine the implications of state water quality regulatory heterogeneity for waste and drinking water violations in the continental US using EPA data from 2007 to 2017. Using discrete regression analyses, we find some evidence that cumulative violations are higher when additional state water quality standards are introduced. However, one year after a new standard is implemented, cumulative violations

We extend single‐porosity flow diagnostics to dual‐porosity systems using a novel retardation factor R to account for the effect of fracture‐matrix transfer on breakthrough times and displacement efficiency during two‐phase flow in fractured reservoirs. R is based on an analytical solution for capillary‐driven fluid exchange between the fractures and rock matrix. By linearising R the time‐of‐flight

Spatial estimates of crop evapotranspiration with high accuracy from the field to watershed scale have become increasingly important for water management, particularly over irrigated agriculture in semi‐arid regions. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment on patterns of annual agricultural water use over California’s Central Valley, using 30‐m daily evapotranspiration estimates based on Landsat

The flow of organic matter (OM) along rivers and retention within floodplains contribute significantly to terrestrial carbon storage and ecosystem function. The storage and cycling of OM largely depend upon hydrogeomorphic characteristics of streams and valleys, including channel geometry and the connectivity of water across and within the floodplain. To examine the role of river morphology on carbon

The use of treated wastewater (TWW) has gained recognition as an alternative source for freshwater irrigation, and is steadily expanding worldwide. Despite the benefits of freshwater conservation and nutrient richness, there is mounting evidence of TWW adverse effects on soil, yield, and the environment. Irrigation using TWW has resulted in soil water repellency, in which preferential flow pathways

Local scour in a sediment bed varies depending on the type, size and shape of hydraulic structures, and the properties of approach flow and sediment particles. Published studies are hitherto confined primarily to empirical experiments based on one particular type of hydraulic structure and there is almost no comparison of scour amongst different types of hydraulic structures. This study aims to provide

Process‐based hydrological models seek to represent the dominant hydrological processes in a catchment. However, due to unavoidable incompleteness of knowledge, the construction of “fidelius” process‐based models depends largely on expert judgement. We present a systematic approach that treats models as hierarchical assemblages of hypotheses (conservation principles, system architecture, process parameterization

The rates of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP) provide quantitative information about the cycling of carbon and energy in aquatic ecosystems. In lakes, metabolic rates are often diagnosed from diel oxygen fluctuations recorded with high‐resolution sondes. This requires that the imprint of ecosystem metabolism can be separated from that of

Earth observations offer potential pathways for accurately closing the water and energy balance of watersheds, a fundamental challenge in hydrology. However, previous attempts based on purely satellite‐based estimates have focused on closing the water and energy balances separately. They are hindered by the lack of estimates of key components, such as runoff. Here, we posit a novel approach based on

We use scientific information to develop a realistic hypothetical scenario for storm water management and water quality improvements in a stated preference valuation survey. We then provide different treatment levels of the scientific information to survey respondents. Using a hybrid choice model, we find that scientific information has no direct influence on referendum votes in favor of a storm water

The advent of hydrological modeling frameworks that support multiple model structures using the same software enables both model structure and model parameters to be calibrated and assessed. To date, the identification of optimal model structure has typically been performed manually. Here, a continuous (rather than discrete) treatment of model structure is used, which enables simultaneous automatic

Decision rules provide an intuitive framework for water resources planning. Having adopted a rule‐based plan, decision makers can monitor critical variables to trigger timely adaptation actions when the variables pass their predetermined thresholds. However, establishing a strategy that is comprised of a set of decision rules raises methodological challenges: (i) to identify observable indicators that

Ocean surge events are known to threaten coastal aquifers through vertical infiltration, with the degree of salinization depending on hydrogeologic factors. Another salinization process in coastal aquifers is lateral saltwater intrusion, which may also be affected during surges as the inundation alters the aquifer hydraulic heads. While these processes have been considered individually, here we consider

Applying physically based models that include preferential flow (PF) is still very challenging at the catchment scale. A gravity‐driven film flow approach could be a promising concept for modeling PF as it only requires a small number of parameters. We tested if this approach can be used for different soils and land covers within a 247 km2 catchment and if we can find generalizable relationships of

Models that can generate realistic Earth surface patterns are important both for geomorphological applications and as prior models for underdetermined inverse problems. Generative machine learning methods such as GANs and the increasing availability of large remote sensing data sets represents an exciting combination for this purpose. Several studies show promising results for GANs trained on artificial

This study presents a novel concept for estimating net ecosystem production (NEP), the export of organic carbon (OC) from the productive surface layer to the deep‐water (hypolimnion) of 11 seasonally stratified lakes, varying in depth and trophic state. As oxygen remineralizes settling OC at a constant ratio, NEP is equivalent to the areal hypolimnetic mineralization rate (AHM) plus burial in the sediment

Leakage from geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS) reservoirs to overlying underground sources of drinking water (USDW) is a tangible risk. This study is an integrated assessment that combines column experiments and reactive transport simulations of sediments sampled from the Ogallala aquifer above an active commercial‐scale GCS site (the Farnsworth Unit in northern Texas). Experimental and simulation results

Salinity in the Colorado River Basin causes an estimated $300 to $400 million per year in economic damages in the United States. To inform and improve salinity‐control efforts, this study quantifies long‐term trends in salinity (dissolved solids) across the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), including time periods prior to the construction of large dams and preceding the implementation of salinity‐control

In multiple watershed planning and design problems, such as conservation planning, quantitative estimates of costs, and environmental benefits of proposed conservation decisions may not be the only criteria that influence stakeholders' preferences for those decisions. Their preferences may also be influenced by the conservation decision itself—specifically, the type of practice, where it is being proposed

Nonreacting tracer tests capture information about physical processes in transient storage zones including the hyporheic zone (HZ). However, reliably extracting this information from breakthrough curves (BTCs) and distinguishing the effects of in‐channel dispersion and transient storage are well‐known challenges. Using BTCs from a nonreacting tracer test monitored at multiple locations, we explore

Evaporation is the natural process of vaporization of water from reservoirs, which exacerbates water scarcity. The authors aimed to provide a hydrophobic silver‐doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles coating to reduce the amount of water evaporation behind the dams. Accordingly, the silver‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles were first hydrophobized using stearic acid (SA). The produced material’s properties

Interannual variations of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) are modulated by external forcings such as El Niño Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, and the Atlantic Niño. Vegetation over land responds to variations in ISMR, but the feedback from vegetation to ISMR variability has not been fully explored yet. To address this gap, we perform two simulations with the regional Weather Research

Steam injection into oil sands reservoirs for bitumen extraction leads to the in situ generation of gases (mainly methane). Many oil sands formations have permeable cap rocks that may allow these gases to migrate to the overlying formations and pose environmental challenges to the groundwater. We present a detailed analysis of the long‐term fate of the in situ generated gases over the course of thermal

Despite the remarkable improvements in skillful weather forecasts, their uses in irrigation water management at a farm scale are still limited. This is attributable to the scale mismatch between weather and hydrologic models as well complexities in farmscale ecohydrological processes. Here, we have developed a simulation‐optimization algorithm for minimizing irrigation water application using short

Wet ecosystems are important in terms of global greenhouse gas emissions, where a high soil water content is one of the most typical features. However, the roles of hydrogeological properties in sediment during the emission process of methane and carbon dioxide remain to be researched, especially in lake ecosystems. In this study, through investigating the layered sediment in Chaohu Lake, we discovered

Processes shaping forest snow cover evolution often vary at small spatial scales, which are not resolved by most model applications. Representing this variability at larger scales and coarser model resolutions constitutes a major challenge for model developers. In this study, we use a well‐validated hyper‐resolution forest snow model that explicitly resolves the spatial variability of canopy‐snow interactions

Delineation of geological features from limited hard and/or soft data is crucial to predicting subsurface phenomena. Ubiquitous sparsity of available data implies that the reliability of any delineation effort is inherently uncertain. We present probabilistic support vector machines (pSVM) as a viable method for both hydrofacies delineation from sparse data and quantification of the corresponding predictive

The inter‐variable dependence of climate variables is usually not considered in many bias correction methods, even though it has been deemed important for various impact studies. Another possible approach is to forgo the bias correction of climate model outputs, and instead, post‐process the outputs of the impact model. This has the advantage of circumventing the difficulties associated with correcting

Mineral precipitation affects the pore structure and thus transport properties of porous media. In this study, we investigated the pore‐scale dynamics of precipitation in diffusion controlled systems and the resulting impacts on the effective diffusivity, using a micro‐continuum reactive transport model. Forty two‐dimensional pore structures representing both idealized and realistic geometries were

Leaching of contaminants through fractured aquitards such as clayey tills may occur due to typically slow matrix advection and diffusion, or it can be dramatically enhanced in the presence of preferential flow through fractures and macropores. Sorption also plays a crucial role since it can significantly impact contaminant leaching and residence times. These different mass‐transfer mechanisms imply

There is a critical knowledge gap about how glacier retreat in remote and rapidly warming tropical montane watersheds will impact solute export, which has implications for downstream geochemical cycling and ecological function. Because tropical glacierized watersheds are often uniquely characterized by year‐round ablation, upslope vegetation migration, and significant groundwater flow, baseline understanding

In assessing the removal of dams, it is important to consider the degree to which these efforts could affect channel evolution. A number of previous studies have analyzed the problem of channel evolution using frameworks based on the diffusion equation. In this study, we adopted a similar analytical framework to examine one‐dimensional channel evolution within an infinite channel following dam removal

Six conceptually different transport models were applied to the MADE‐1 field tracer experiment as a first major attempt for model comparison. The objective was to show that complex mass distributions in heterogeneous aquifers can be predicted without calibration of transport parameters ‐ solely making use of structural and flow data. The models differ in their conceptualization of the heterogeneous

The presence of estrogens has been linked to adverse ecological effects in surface waters downstream of agricultural and domestic wastewater sources. While laboratory studies suggest that these estrogens should not persist because of fast degradation rates, elevated concentrations in surface waters impacted by agricultural activities are commonly observed. Using a combination of measured data and a

There is a drastic geographic imbalance in available global streamflow gauge and catchment property data, with additional large variations in data characteristics. As a result, models calibrated in one region cannot normally be migrated to another without significant modifications. Currently in these regions, non‐transferable machine learning models are habitually trained over small local data sets

No abstract is available for this article.

Despite the prevalence of density‐dependent flow systems in the brine‐rich aquifers of arid climates and coastal aquifers, the impact of realistic geologic conditions on interface geometry and density‐dependent time‐sensitive dynamics remains poorly constrained. Salar de Atacama provides an analog for exploring interface dynamics in arid regions. A site‐specific two‐dimensional hydrostratigraphic interpretation

The interaction of sub‐surface, gravity‐driven flows with inclusions of different permeabilities are investigated theoretically using a model that exploits the relative shallowness of the motion. Numerically computed solutions for steady motion around cylindrical inclusions reveal a range of behaviors dependent on the ratio of the interior to exterior permeability and a dimensionless flow parameter