Drought and water scarcity pose a risk to the economy, particularly sectors where water is a crucial input to the production process. This paper describes integrated simulations of water shortages from a dynamic national water resource systems model with a static economic input-output (I-O) model to assess total drought risk to the economy. To quantify the economic risks of drought and water scarcity

Drainage displacement at unfavorable viscosity ratios is often encountered in oil recovery, CO2 sequestration, and NAPL remediation, which significantly limits recovery of fluids from porous media. Surfactants have been extensively used as wettability modifiers to improve hydrocarbon recovery from rock matrix by imbibition. But little attention has been paid to the effect of surfactant-assisted wettability

Groundwater lens may provide the primary freshwater supply for the inhabitants of small islands. The lens profile and volume are sensitive to spatially variable recharge caused by topography, soil type, land cover, evapotranspiration and human activities. We derive analytical solutions based on the sharp-interface approximation to describe transient and steady-state lens profiles for spatially variable

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are an important concern in regional water management; however, little is known about the AR impacts on hydrology in East Asia (EA). This study analyzes the characteristics of storms, precipitation (P), streamflow (Q), and runoff coefficient (R) in the Namgang-dam basin in Korea related to ARs for 2000–2013, as well as the sensitivity of the analysis results to AR detection

While reliable drought prediction is fundamental for drought mitigation and water resources management, it is still a challenge to develop robust drought prediction models due to complex local hydro-climatic conditions and various predictors. Sea surface temperature (SST) is considered as the fundamental predictor to develop drought prediction models. However, traditional models usually extract SST

Cosolvent flushing has evolved as a viable technology for the remediation of groundwater resources contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). This study investigates the effect of cosolvents on the interphase mass transfer of NAPLs into the flushing solutions, a key process that controls the effectiveness of the enhanced dissolution technology. A series of laboratory-scale flow cell experiments

Flooding in forested areas can release nutrients via organic matter flushing and organic matter decomposition and contribute to nutrient loading in aquatic ecosystems. Organic matter content may set an upper limit for nutrient release during flooding, but variation in timing, depth, duration of inundation, and site organic matter substrate inhibit comparison across sites and events. We used data collected

Achieving water security requires reconciling multiple objectives while prioritizing scarce resources for the provision of safe drinking water supplies. We examine decision-making to invest in drinking water infrastructure in coastal Bangladesh where increasing saline intrusion in aquifers intersects with high levels of poverty for the 20 million people living in the coastal region. Multi-objective

In a literature review of the recent advancements in mathematical hydrologic models applied in fractured karstic formations, we highlight the necessary improvements in the fluid dynamic equations that are commonly applied to the flow in a discrete fracture network (DFN) via channel network models. Fluid flow and pollutant transport modeling in karst aquifers should consider the simultaneous occurrence

Small streams in catchments with agricultural land use are at high risk of diffuse pollution by herbicides. Fast transport processes can cause concentration peaks that exceed regulatory requirements. These processes have a high spatio-temporal variability and data characterizing their occurrence is often sparse. For this reason, such systems show a stochastic behavior at the resolution we observe them

Realistic stochastic simulation of hydro-environmental fluxes in space and time, such as rainfall, is challenging yet of paramount importance to inform environmental risk analysis and decision making under uncertainty. Here, we advance random fields simulation by introducing the concepts of general velocity fields and general anisotropy transformations. This expands the capabilities of the so-called

In the past, many mathematical models based on the dual-porosity (DP) concept were developed to describe the groundwater flow in fractured aquifer systems. Most of them seemingly have problems in predicting accurate drawdown at the early and/or intermediate times as compared with field measured data. Thus, this study proposes a new analytical model with a generalized transfer term (GTT) to describe

Sediment transport is the main driver of the channel morphology and landscape evolution, with implications for chemical and biological river processes, and human-related activities. Understanding the processes governing the relations between discharge and suspended sediments is essential for the management of river catchments and river networks. Here, we use the method of wavelet transformation to

In semi-arid cities, urbanization can lead to elevated baseflow during summer months. One potential source for additional water is lawn irrigation. We sought to quantify lawn irrigation contributions to summertime baseflow in Denver, Colorado, USA using water-stable isotope (δ18O and δ2H) analysis of surface water, tap water, and precipitation. If lawn irrigation contributed significantly to baseflow

Despite reduction measures, nitrate and aluminum concentrations remain high in aquifers in northwestern Europe. To evaluate the effectiveness of groundwater protection policies, the long-term fate of these contaminants in groundwater needs to be understood. The groundwater catchment of the Haren water works, NW Germany, was characterized hydrogeochemically in the late 1990s, which provides an opportunity

Water-rock interaction cannot be ignored for shale reservoirs with high salinity formation brine and complex rock composition, and stimulated by massive slick-water fracturing treatment. However, there have been few studies on the flowback model fully coupled with different effects of water-rock interaction. This paper presents the development of a coupled hydro-chemical-mechanical model for modeling

Subgrid variability of snow is important in studying surface-atmosphere interactions as it affects grid-scale processes. However, this dynamic variability is currently not well-represented in most land-surface models (LSMs). A stochastic snow model using the Fokker-Planck Equation (FPE) has been developed specifically for representing subgrid variability of snow. In this study, this FPE snow model

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Tritium (³H) has become synonymous with modern groundwater and is used in a myriad of applications, ranging from sustainability investigations to contaminant transport and groundwater vulnerability. This study uses measured ³H groundwater activities from 722 sample locations across South Africa to construct a ³H groundwater distribution surface. Environmental co-variables are tested using geostatistical

Constructed shallow waterbodies are often designed and built to limit harmful algal blooms in urban regions. Efforts to reduce algal bloom occurrence in these waterbodies have largely focused on waterbody design, catchment criteria and onsite engineering options. However, many constructed shallow waterbodies that comply with design guidelines still experience harmful algal blooms. Identifying the knowledge

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A method is presented to address model state uncertainty in hydrologic model simulation. This is achieved by introducing tuneable parameters that allow adjustments to the model states. Excessive dimensionality is avoided by introducing only a limited number of parameters that control the index (timing) and size of the state adjustments. The method is designed to compensate for issues with hydrologic

The replacement of flood-irrigation systems by drip-irrigation technology has been widely promoted with the aim of a more sustainable use of freshwater resources in irrigated agriculture. However, evidence for an irrigation efficiency paradox emphasizes the need to improve our understanding of the impacts of irrigation transformations on water resources. Here, we developed a distributed hydrological

Climate change has been concerned as a trigger of hydrologic changes around the world. Budyko framework was widely used in hydrologic sensitivity analyses on the steady-state water balance. The unsteady-state responses, for example the inter-annual hydrologic sensitivity, were not well investigated, especially for catchments influenced by croplands as that exist in Illinois in the United States. We

Rivers have been subject to the construction of numerous small-scale anthropogenic structures, causing alteration and fragmentation of habitats. Despite their impact on fish habitat selection, migration and swimming performance, more hydraulic structures are being added to riverine systems. These mainly have the purpose of harnessing renewable energy or mitigating the impact of flooding, as in the

In contrast to the basic assumption of a homogeneous population underlying common approaches to flood frequency analysis, flood events often arise from different runoff-generating processes. In many large river basins, the diversity of these processes within tributary basins and the superposition of their flood waves increases the complexity of statistical flood modelling. Under these circumstances

Catchment baseflow is jointly controlled by climate and landscape properties. Previous studies have recognized that spatial variability of mean annual baseflow coefficient (BFC=Qb/P, ratio of baseflow to precipitation) is primarily controlled by aridity index and storage capacity. However, an analytical solution of BFC in terms of the dominant controlling factors has not yet been established. The objective

Vegetation change can significantly alter evapotranspiration (ET), an important component of the terrestrial water balance, and consequently influences other hydrological processes. With no direct measurement techniques available at large spatial scales, the accurate estimation of ET under changing forest landscapes and climate is challenging. In this study, we used an improved method based on Fuh’s

Hydrodynamics in dam tailraces can influence the swimming behaviour and survival of fish, and yet there have been few studies that have linked the movement patterns of fish to encountered flow patterns. In this study, we examined the flow field downstream of Seton Dam in British Columbia, Canada using acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling of two dam

Various types of porous media materials inherently contain pore structures of different scales, ranging from nanoscale to millimeter scale. Due to the limitations of the existing imaging technology, it is challenging and intractable for any single method to obtain and characterize the multiscale pore structure features of porous media accurately and comprehensively. To address the issue, according

The reliability of the machine learning model prediction for a given input can be assessed by comparing it against the actual output. However, in hydrological studies, machine learning models are often adopted to predict future or unknown events, where the actual outputs are unavailable. The prediction accuracy of a model, which measures its average performance across an observed dataset, may not be

Daily floods including event, characteristic, extreme and inundation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB), crucial for flood projection and forecasting, have not been adequately modeled. An improved hydrological-hydrodynamic model (VIC and CaMa-Flood) considering regional parameterization was developed to simulate the flood dynamics over the basin from 1967 to 2015. The flood elements were extracted

Meteorological drought is the fuse of hydrological drought, and understanding the propagation mechanisms from meteorological to hydrological drought is of great significance to the monitoring and prevention of hydrological drought. Besides the linear dependence, this study thoroughly investigated the propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought by introducing the nonlinear dependence with

Large wood (LW) is used for river restoration, aquatic habitat conservation, and flood control; however, it can pose a threat to human life and the built environment. The formation of LW jams, river management strategies, and design of mitigation measures crucially all depend on how the large wood is transported along a river. This paper experimentally analyses at laboratory scale the motion of natural

We present an analytical solution describing steady, two-dimensional groundwater flow in the vertical plane in an unconfined, coastal aquifer of finite depth. An interface separates flowing freshwater from stagnant seawater. The boundary conditions along both the phreatic surface and the interface are treated exactly by use of the hodograph method and conformal mapping. Explicit expressions for the

Despite having offered important hydroclimatic insights, streamflow reconstructions still see limited use in water resources operations, because annual reconstructions are not suitable for decisions at finer time scales. The few attempts towards sub-annual reconstructions have relied on statistical disaggregation, which uses none or little proxy information. Here, we develop a novel framework that

The widening and narrowing of river-valley aquifers can cause valley-scale lateral hyporheic exchange even if the river is straight and its slope is uniform. For the aforementioned system, we derive a semi-analytical solution describing steady-state groundwater flow for a simplified two-dimensional geometry of the aquifer and uniform lateral influx from hillslopes. We use this solution to evaluate

Emergent vegetation has a significant impact on floating particle transport and diffusion in open channel flow. The random walk model of a Lagrangian approach has proven more than suitable to describe the rather unpredictable moving trajectory of particles within emergent vegetation. However, compared to the large computational costs of the Lagrangian model, which also requires more input data, a simplified

The use of power-law forms to describe hydraulic geometry is a classic subject with a history of over 70 years. Two distinct forms of power laws have been proposed: at-a-station hydraulic geometry (AHG) and downstream hydraulic geometry (DHG). Although the utility of these semi-empirical expressions is widely recognized, they remain poorly understood in terms of the mechanisms underlying the differences

Rising global temperatures are expected to decrease the precipitation amount that falls as snow, causing greater risk of water scarcity, groundwater overdraft, and fire in areas that rely on mountain snowpack for their water supply. Streamflow in large river basins varies with the amount, timing, and type of precipitation, evapotranspiration, and drainage properties of watersheds; however, these controls

With a unique biogeophysical signature relative to other freshwater sources, meltwater from glaciers plays a crucial role in the hydrological and ecological regime of high latitude coastal areas. Today, as glaciers worldwide exhibit persistent negative mass balance, glacier runoff is changing in both magnitude and timing, with potential downstream impacts on infrastructure, ecosystems, and ecosystem

Understanding the interactions between ground freeze-thaw, groundwater flow, and solute transport is imperative for evaluating the fate of contaminants in permafrost regions. However, predicting solute migration in permafrost-affected groundwater systems is challenging due to the inherent interactions and coupling between subsurface mass and energy transport processes. To this end, we developed a numerical

We propose a discretization-free approach based on the physics-informed neural network (PINN) method for solving the coupled advection-dispersion equation (ADE) and Darcy flow equation with space-dependent hydraulic conductivity . In this approach, , hydraulic head, and concentration fields are approximated with deep neural networks (DNNs). We assume that K(x) is given by its values on a grid, and

The one-dimensional (1-d), constant-parameter heat transport equation (HTE) built upon Fourier's law proposed in 1822 has been widely used to model heat transport in soil, where the core question is how to fit the observed temperature time series without detailed geomedium heterogeneity being mapped in the model. To address this question, this study extended the classical HTE by adding one parameter

Bedrock rivers represent a hydrogeological environment in which surface water flows along an exposed bedrock surface. Studies of hyporheic exchange have exclusively involved rivers composed of unconsolidated fluvial sediments, leaving a critical knowledge gap. This study evaluates the conditions that could support bedform-scale hyporheic exchange within a fractured sedimentary bedrock river based on

A realistic evaluation of drought onset is inevitable for the effective implementation of mitigation strategies. Meteorological droughts indicating the onset of drought propagation are usually quantified through unbiased indices that consider the month-wise magnitude variations in historical climatic variables, while completely ignoring their intramonthly distributions. However, the applicability of

Climate warming in combination with nutrient enrichment can greatly promote phytoplankton proliferation and blooms in eutrophic waters. Lake Taihu, China, is a large, shallow and eutrophic system. Since 2007, this lake has experienced extensive nutrient input reductions aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms. However, intense cyanobacterial blooms have persisted through 2017 with a record-setting

Accurately predicting bare-soil evaporation requires the proper characterization of the near-surface atmospheric conditions. These conditions, dependent on factors such as surface microtopography and wind velocity, vary greatly and therefore require high-resolution datasets to be fully incorporated into evaporation models. These factors are oftentimes parameterized in models through the aerodynamic

This study presents a new methodology for identifying near-optimal sensor locations for contaminant source tracing in river networks. We define an optimal sensor placement as one that enables the best overall reconstruction of contaminant concentrations from observed data. To establish a physical basis for the problem, we first derive a linear time-invariant (LTI) model for riverine contaminant transport

The upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission, planned to launch in 2022, is the first mission to focus on measuring hydrological processes in Earth's surface water. As such, SWOT will vastly expand observations of global rivers ≥100 m wide. SWOT will provide a variety of data products, including a global vector river product containing water surface elevation (WSE), width

The world's water resources are continuously facing challenges in fulfilling the needs of increasing agricultural water demand with finite or diminishing resources. Therefore, it is important to quantify the amount of irrigation water required to attain sustainable yield at a local, regional, and global level, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This is mostly quantified by using agro-hydrological

We present results from flume experiments in which an 8% steep channel with longitudinal width variations and step-pool morphology was subjected to sediment feed pulses of different magnitude and frequency under constant water discharge. The channel response to these pulses included (a) large bedload transport rates, (b) bed aggradation, (c) fining of the bed surface, and (d) continuous formation and

Protecting water quality at catchment scales is complicated by the high spatiotemporal variability in water chemistry. Consequently, determining pollutant sources requires costly monitoring strategies to diagnose causes and guide management solutions. However, recent studies have shown that spatial patterns in water chemistry can be persistent at catchment scales, potentially allowing identification

The use of polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) has gained a lot of attention due to its ability to efficiently estimate the effects of parameter uncertainty on model outputs. The traditional PCE technique requires the studied parameters to be independent. In hydrological modeling, although model parameters are often assumed to be independent for simplicity of computation, such an assumption is not always

The exchange of water and solutes between the stream and groundwater along a stream network affects the source composition of discharge and solute load in the stream. To date, this hydrologic turnover has only been analyzed with respect to the exchange of water. In this study, we extend the concept of hydrologic turnover to solutes and analyze the effects of different hydrologic conditions on the spatial

Repeatable snow depth patterns have been identified in many regions between years with similar meteorological characteristics. This suggests that snow patterns from previous years could adjust snow deposition in space as a substitution for unmodeled snow processes. Here, we tested a pattern-based snow deposition downscaling routine which assumes 1) a spatially consistent relationship between snow deposition

Natural and anthropogenic fractured aquifers and reservoirs are dual porosity matrix-fracture systems, where the fracture network provides highly–conductive flow pathways and the low–permeability matrix stores most of the fluid. The coupling between flow and mechanical deformation in fractured media is often modeled using the classical theory of dual-porosity poroelasticity (DPP), based on Barenblatt's

Entropy theory applied to hydrometric measurements enables establishing a relationship between the maximum and the mean velocities of flow passing a river section. In many developing countries, river discharge is still estimated by the velocity-area method following the procedure established based on the point-velocities measured at 0.6D depth from the water surface of many verticals of flow section

This paper describes a novel velocimetry method we call infrared quantitative image ve1ocimetry (IR-QIV), that uses infrared (IR) images of thermal patterns advecting on water surfaces to calculate time-resolved, instantaneous, two-dimensional surface velocity fields. The method works day or night, and under most weather conditions, by tracking subtle thermal patterns on the water surface itself, which

The temporal dynamics of the land surface are commonly modeled by so-called landscape evolution models, consisting of coupled partial differential equations accounting for the the balance of sediment and water. An average sediment budget equation for a landscape evolution model in detachment-limited condition is derived in terms of curvature-dependent and curvature-independent components. This highlights