Successful management of flooding and erosion hazards on floodplains depends on our ability to predict a river channel’s shape and the lifespan during which it will continue to flow. Recent progress has improved our understanding of what sets the lifespan and width of single-thread channels; the next challenge is to extend this knowledge to braided channels and their interwoven sub-channels (threads)

To cope with the uncertainty of green infrastructure planning, many cities take an adaptive approach and use learning-by-doing to improve estimates of the cost and efficacy of stormwater management practices (SMPs) and use that information to improve stormwater plans. However, deciding whether that learning is worth its expense has been a challenge for practitioners. We propose a modeling framework

Despite long-standing efforts, hydrologists still lack robust tools for calibrating land surface model (LSM) streamflow estimates within ungauged basins. Using surface soil moisture estimates from the Soil Moisture Active Passive Level 4 Soil Moisture (L4_SM) product, precipitation observations, and streamflow gauge measurements for 617 medium-scale (200-10,000 km2) basins in the contiguous United

Accurate baseflow estimation is essential for ecological protection and water resources management. Past studies have used environmental predictors to extend baseflow from gauged basins to ungauged basins, publishing several regional or global datasets on mean annual baseflow. However, time series datasets of baseflow are still lacking due to the complexity of baseflow generation processes. Here, we

Previous studies found that Finite Particle Method (FPM), an improved Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, yields more accurate solutions of the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) than SPH method does when simulating solute transport in heterogeneous porous media. FPM however is computationally more expensive than SPH because FPM needs to solve a correction matrix equation for each particle

This manuscript systematically investigates the effects of gravity during soil-limited (Stage 2) evaporation from bare soil. Analytical and numerical solutions to the one-dimensional Richards soil moisture flow equation are developed based on simplified hydraulic functions that depend exponentially on soil water matric potential. Semi-infinite domains with either freely draining or hydrostatic bottom

The characterization of the karst conduit network is an essential task to understand the complex flow system within karst aquifers. However, this task is challenging and often associated with uncertainty. Equivalent porous media approaches for modelling flow in karst aquifers fall short of capturing the hydraulic effect of individual karst features, while process-oriented karst evolution models imply

Water-resource management has become a major global issue in a world threatened by climate change. High-resolution geophysical methods may be of valuable help in monitoring the water masses, both in space and time. Passive seismic interferometry takes advantage of ambient seismic noise to recover the variations in seismic wave velocity induced by changes in groundwater. We present hereafter the time

No abstract is available for this article.

We present a finite volume approach for generating doubly-periodic, 2D heterogeneous groundwater velocity fields, given an arbitrary hydraulic conductivity field discretized on a rectangular lattice. The method conserves mass, allows direct specification of any desired mean flow direction and computes the corresponding field with a single solve operation, and solves for inter-cell fluxes that may be

Flow-direction-dependent (FDD) dispersivity in coastal aquifers may strongly affect the inland extend of seawater intrusion and the accompanying vertical salinity distribution. FDD dispersivity may predict greater inland intrusion of the saltwater wedge, but less vertical spreading of salinity than does the classical flow-direction-independent (FDI) dispersivity, the standard currently employed in

Steady flow generated by an injecting and a pumping well (doublet) takes place in a porous formation where the spatially variable hydraulic conductivity K is modeled as a stationary, lognormal, random field with anisotropic two-point autocorrelation. The latter is characterized by a vertical integral scale, i.e. Iv, smaller than the horizontal one, i.e. I. A solute, either passive or reactive, is injected

Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) is of great importance to the hydrological cycle and the eco-environment of lakes. LGD is often characterized by large spatial variability, but the spatial patterns of LGD have rarely been quantified, particularly at large whole-lake scales. This study presents quantitative estimation of the spatial patterns of LGD in an oxbow lake in the central Yangtze River

Accurate flood inundation modelling using a complex high-resolution hydrodynamic (high-fidelity) model can be very computationally demanding. To address this issue, efficient approximation methods (surrogate models) have been developed. Despite recent developments, there remain significant challenges in using surrogate methods for modelling the dynamical behaviour of flood inundation in an efficient

Distributed models have been increasingly applied at finer spatiotemporal resolution. However, most diagnostic analyses aggregate performance measures in space or time, which might bias subsequent inferences. Accordingly, this study explores an approach for quantifying the parameter sensitivity in a spatiotemporally explicit way. We applied the Morris method to screen key parameters within four different

Nonpoint source urban nutrient loading into streams and receiving water bodies is widely recognized as a major environmental management challenge. A dominant research and management paradigm assumes that loading primarily derives from elevated stormwater. However, baseflow can account for a large portion of total loading, especially for low development intensity watersheds which comprise the largest

On the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) in northern Alaska (USA), permafrost and abundant surface-water storage define watershed hydrological processes. In the last decades, the ACP landscape experienced extreme climate events and increased lake water withdrawal (LWW) for infrastructure construction, primarily ice roads and industrial operations. However, their potential (combined) effects on streamflow

Image-based water level measurements offer data quality assurance through visual verification that no other method can provide. GaugeCam Remote Image Manager-Educational 2 (GRIME2) is a mature, open-source commercial friendly software application that automatically detects and measures water level in laboratory and field settings. The software relies on a dedicated target background for water line

The usefulness of satellite multi-sensor precipitation (SMP) and other satellite-informed precipitation products in water resources modeling can be hindered by substantial errors which vary considerably with spatiotemporal scale. One approach to cope with these errors is to combine SMPs with ensemble generation methods, such that each ensemble member reflects one plausible realization of the true—but

Gross gains and losses of stream water and the consequent hydrologic turnover may modify the composition of stream water and drive in-stream ecological functioning. We evaluated over 500 breakthrough curves of conservative tracer additions to analyze the channel water balance resulting in gross gains and losses, net exchange, and hydrologic turnover. During the hydrological year 2019, seven tracer

We present a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based 3D reservoir simulation framework, GANSim-3D, where the generator is progressively trained to capture geological patterns and relationships between various input conditioning data and output earth models, and is thus able to directly produce multiple 3D realistic and conditional earth models from given conditioning data. Conditioning data can

The turning point in the classic environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) fails to identify the pollution risk transfer effect. Based on the interactions of environmental regulations among local governments, this paper decomposes the relationship between sewage emissions and the economic growth depicted by the pollution risk transfer effect and proposes a spatial hyperbolic model to illustrate this relationship

The main computational costs of gradient-based inverse methods for high-resolution groundwater flow inverse problems include costly forward model simulations and the large number of such simulations required to determine the Jacobian matrix. We develop an upscaling-based inverse approach, named upscaled principal component inverse approach (UPCIA), which achieves dimensionality reduction and reduces

This study focuses on the analyses of field-scale water flow originating from a drywell, using the 3-D Richards equation for the local description of the flow in a spatially heterogeneous, combined vadose zone-groundwater flow system. Realistic features of the flow system, that is, height of the groundwater table, records of the time-dependent rainfall data, spatial heterogeneity of soil hydraulic

Characteristics of migrating bedforms are often used to indirectly quantify the volumetric sediment flux in fluvial environments. Yet, the range of bedform scales that actually contribute to the sediment transport remains elusive. We performed a series of experiments under four different transport stages in a large-scale sediment recirculating flume. Three independent variables were simultaneously

Quantification of the dependence characteristics in hydrological time series is essential for understanding hydrological variability and for managing water resources. However, how determining a suitable model for describing the dependent components is still a challenge. In this article, we proposed a correlation coefficient-based information criterion (CCIC) to determine the optimal model order of

Vegetation flow is commonly studied for subcritical flow motions, while in supercritical flow, the presence of vegetation often leads to enhancement of flow self-aeration, which would in turn alter the flow hydraulics and water-plant interaction. This paper presents an experimental investigation of aerated water flow cascading down a vegetated stepped chute. The 21.8° sloping chute is equipped with

Short-term forecasting of water demand is a crucial process for managing efficiently water supply systems. This paper proposes to develop a novel graph convolutional recurrent neural network (GCRNN) to predict time series of water demand related to some water supply systems or district metering areas that belong to the same geographical area. The aim is to build a graph-based model able to capture

Pumping optimization under uncertainty is a powerful approach for the management of groundwater resources, and its implementation would be valuable in island aquifers where freshwater lenses are affected by seawater intrusion. Sharp-interface numerical models are especially well suited for the task as they offer fast simulation times, but to date they have not been used because of a lack of guidelines

Understanding the interaction between competing fluids in the pore space of rocks is key for predicting subsurface flow and trapping, such as with CO2 in a saline aquifer. These processes occur over a large span of timescales (from seconds to thousands of years), and length scales (from microns to kilometers). Understanding the link between these temporal and spatial scales will enable us to interpolate

Desalinized seawater is a vital freshwater source for regions with coastal water scarcity. Mapping seawater desalination plants enables a spatially detailed water resource assessment. Here, which is the first of its kind, we investigated the potential application of species distribution models (SDMs), which are widely used in ecology, to predict the global spatial distribution of seawater desalination

Lakes are classified by thermal mixing regimes, with shallow waterbodies historically categorized as continuously mixing systems. Yet, recent studies demonstrate extended summertime stratification in ponds, underscoring the need to reassess thermal classifications for shallow waterbodies. In this study, we examined the summertime thermal dynamics of 34 ponds and shallow lakes across temperate North

Snowpack in the western U.S. is critical for water supply and is threatened by wildfires, which are becoming larger and more common. Numerous studies have examined impacts of wildfire on snow water equivalent (SWE), but many of these studies are limited in the number of observation locations, and they have sometimes produced conflicting results. The objective of this study is to distinguish the net

India witness floods during the summer monsoon (June–September) that disproportionately affect the socioeconomic well-being of millions of people. Nonstructural measures such as flood early warning systems play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts; however, these require a proper understanding of flood drivers. The drivers of floods in the Indian river basins have not been examined for the observed

Modeled stream discharge is often used to drive sediment transport models across channel networks. Because sediment transport varies non-linearly with flow rates, discharge modeled from daily total precipitation distributed evenly over 24-hrs may significantly underestimate actual bedload transport capacity. In this study, we assume bedload transport capacity determined from a hydrograph resulting

Shrimp aquaculture has expanded rapidly in coastal zones worldwide over the past few decades. Saline water stored in shrimp farm ponds can infiltrate into the underlying aquifer causing groundwater salinization and increased submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to coastal water. However, little research has assessed salinization resulting from these shrimp ponds. To understand the impacts of shrimp

Biopores and cracks in soils act as fast transport pathways for water and solute, potentially leading to pesticide leaching shortly after application. The biopore module in the agrohydrological model Daisy was developed to simulate preferential water flow directly to drainpipes, in drain-connecting biopores, and to deeper soil layers, in matrix-terminating biopores. We tested the biopore module in

Groundwater dynamics in continental rift zone settings remain poorly understood because of the spatial heterogeneity in flow, storage, and recharge dynamics. The Central Kenya Rift is an excellent example where, though groundwater is important for domestic, irrigation, and geothermal energy exploitation, its hydrogeological properties remain largely unknown. Existing conceptual groundwater models assume

The quantification of bedload sediment transport in rivers is possible from statistics of individual particle displacements. However, there is a lack of empirical basis for a universal relation between particle displacement distance and hydraulic drivers. Previous work suggests that a simple linear relation exists between the energy of a flood and the mean travel distance of bedload particles. Such

River meander dynamics inevitably interferes with a number of human activities and productive processes. Therefore, investigating the involved physical processes and modeling their space-time evolution represent a crucial requirement in terms of sustainable river management and restoration planning. In the present study, a deterministic integral-differential equation that governs river-bend growth

As a key factor in the flood damage assessment process, the damage ratio is defined as the ratio of the potential damage value to the total risk assets at a certain inundation depth. Spatial variability of flood-bearing elements caused spatial heterogeneity, local correlation and neighborhood non-stationarity to the damage ratio. Thus, it is challenging to scientifically and rationally measure the

Quantifying the transfer of organic carbon from the terrestrial to the riverine ecosystems is of crucial importance to fully appreciate the carbon cycle at the catchment, regional and global scales. In this study, we propose a framework for modeling the flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from hillslopes to stream and river networks which couples a transport model based on travel time distributions

In recent studies, deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods have been used for the real-time control of urban drainage systems (UDSs). However, the training process of an RL agent is computationally expensive since collecting the training data requires multiple simulations of a UDS model. An effective solution to this issue is to replace the original UDS model with an emulator, a simpler model which

This study presents the analytical expressions of drainable and fillable porosity for layered soils under shallow groundwater environments. The expressions of drainable porosity λd and fillable porosity λf for two-layered soils are first derived with water table depth change ∆d→0 under dynamic soil moisture conditions. The expressions of λd and λf consider the dynamic soil moisture conditions through

The depth-averaged (2-D) lubrication theory is often adopted to simulate Newtonian flow in rough fractures. This approach, which is computationally much less expensive than using 3-D CFD solvers, allows addressing large ensembles of stochastic fracture realizations. For creeping flow, the degree of approximation introduced is limited as long as the apertures vary relatively smoothly. We propose the

Real-time control (RTC) of urban drainage systems (UDS) has been proved an efficient tool in combined sewer overflow (CSO) and flooding mitigation. Recently, new RTC approaches based on reinforcement learning (RL) were developed for flooding mitigation in stormwater systems. While these studies have made contributions to enable an improved urban water management, they are insufficient to allow for

Many irrigated agricultural areas seek to prolong the lifetime of their groundwater resources by reducing pumping. However, it is unclear how lagged responses, such as reduced groundwater recharge caused by more efficient irrigation, may impact the long-term effectiveness of conservation initiatives. Here, we use a variably saturated, simplified surrogate groundwater model to: (a) analyze aquifer responses

Hydrogeodesy, a relatively new field within the earth sciences, is the analysis of the distribution and movement of terrestrial water at Earth's surface using measurements of Earth's shape, orientation, and gravitational field. In this paper, we review the current state of hydrogeodesy with a specific focus on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Global Positioning System measurements of hydrologic

Estimation of the hydrological model parameters, known as model calibration, is an important step in application of these models for various water resources problems. In the auto-calibration approach, the match between the simulated and observed variables is assessed using the statistical performance measures, which are used as objective functions. Earlier studies show that the use of traditional single-objective

The haor landscape is a wetland ecosystem in northeast Bangladesh, comprising shallow depressions that undergo large changes in water inundation between the monsoon and dry seasons. Sediment is supplied to the haor from rivers originating in the adjacent Shillong Plateau, and can adversely affect these largely arable agricultural lands. The critical adverse effects of changing hydrology and enhanced

Hydrogeological barriers can significantly impact groundwater model predictions. They are, however, often excluded from, or misrepresented in, groundwater models if their presence is unknown or their properties are poorly constrained. Here we show that sharp barriers can be included in groundwater model inversion, even where their presence is uncertain. We describe an approach utilizing "phantom structures"—randomly

In a complex ecohydrologic system, vegetation and soil variables combine to dictate heat fluxes, and these fluxes may vary depending on the extent to which drivers are linearly or non-linearly interrelated. From a modeling and causality perspective, uncertainty, sensitivity, and performance measures all relate to how information from different sources “flows” through a model to produce a target, or

There is interest in applying satellite-derived rainfall products for water management in data-sparse areas. However, questions remain around how uncertainties in different products interact with hydrologic models to determine simulation skill. Most related work uses performance statistics that inherently combine rainfall magnitude, timing and persistence, making it unclear which product improvements

No abstract is available for this article.

Hyporheic exchange in streams is critical to ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling along river corridors, especially for slowly moving or small stream systems. The transient storage model (TSM) has been widely used for modeling of hyporheic exchange. TSM calibration, for hyporheic exchange, is typically used to estimate four parameters, including the mass exchange rate coefficient, the dispersion

Fluid-fluid displacement in porous media is common in many natural and engineering settings. Extensive studies investigated the transition of displacement patterns, but the direct prediction of the displacement efficiency using the pore structure is lacking. Here, we propose a method to directly predict the displacement efficiency with no need to solve the Navier-Stokes and the Hagen-Poiseuille equations

Models developed to capture underlying river processes over long historical periods and varying hydrologic conditions provide confidence for subsequent forecasting applications. However, many areas lack the weather data needed to develop process-based models over these long periods. Climate reanalysis data sets (CRDs) are increasingly used as surrogates for historical meteorology, but their use in

Wetting films can develop in the corners of angular pores under strong wetting conditions. Modeling the dynamics of corner film remains elusive using direct numerical simulations because of the significant scale difference between main meniscus and corner film flow. In this paper, the modified interacting capillary bundle model (ICB), developed in our previous work to describe accurately corner film

Karst vadose zone heterogeneity creates complex transmission and storage dynamics that affect the timing and magnitude of aquifer recharge. Young, high-matrix permeability eogenetic karst aquifers may have significantly higher matrix storage than older, lower matrix permeability counterparts. In vulnerable and water-limited karst regions, the timescales of storage may be important for seasonal and

Studies on discrete fracture network models have recently shown progress by incorporating aperture heterogeneity to individual fracture elements for more accurate description of flow-related processes in subsurface fractured rocks. Compared to a more realistic account of fracture-scale void heterogeneity, the standard Reynolds equation (RE) is mostly adopted as the flow governing equation despite its