The interaction between climate and groundwater forms a complex, coupled system that affects land-atmosphere feedback processes and thus local climatic parameters. We propose an analytical framework that integrates local groundwater information and soil hydrophysical characteristics to identify regions with bidirectional (two-way) coupling where groundwater is influenced by climatic factors (e.g., precipitation) and may affect local climate (e.g., through surface fluxes). The framework capitalizes on the concept of the evaporation characteristic length to quantify the hydraulic connection of groundwater to the soil surface. To evaluate the framework, we calculate the maximum depth of hydraulic connection (D_max) between groundwater and the soil surface in Hamburg, Germany. For regions with D_max exceeding the groundwater depth (d), a bidirectional mode of coupling is defined, while D_max < d implies a unidirectional coupling mode. Our results indicate that climate driven evaporation changes potentially alter the coupling between groundwater and climate depending on soil texture. Moreover, soil hydraulic properties and shallow groundwater tables could play a crucial role in shifting land-atmosphere feedback processes by influencing the coupling mode. This research provides insights into the groundwater-climate interactions under various climatic conditions and soil textures which could contribute to sustainable land-use management practices, particularly in regions characterized by bidirectional coupling.

中文翻译：

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研究土壤特性影响的地下水-大气相互作用的分析框架

气候和地下水之间的相互作用形成了一个复杂的耦合系统，影响陆地-大气反馈过程，从而影响当地的气候参数。我们提出了一个分析框架，该框架整合了当地地下水信息和土壤水物理特征，以识别具有双向（双向）耦合的区域，其中地下水受气候因素（例如降水）影响并可能影响当地气候（例如通过地表通量）。该框架利用蒸发特征长度的概念来量化地下水与土壤表面的水力联系。为了评估该框架，我们计算了德国汉堡地下水与土壤表面之间的最大水力连接深度 ( D _max )。对于D _max超过地下水深度（d）的区域，定义为双向耦合模式，而D _max  <  d意味着单向耦合模式。我们的结果表明，气候驱动的蒸发变化可能会根据土壤质地改变地下水与气候之间的耦合。此外，土壤水力特性和浅层地下水位可以通过影响耦合模式在改变陆地-大气反馈过程中发挥至关重要的作用。这项研究提供了对各种气候条件和土壤质地下地下水与气候相互作用的见解，这可能有助于可持续的土地利用管理实践，特别是在具有双向耦合特征的地区。