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A 485-million-year history of Earth's surface temperature. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Emily J Judd,Jessica E Tierney,Daniel J Lunt,Isabel P Montañez,Brian T Huber,Scott L Wing,Paul J Valdes
A long-term record of global mean surface temperature (GMST) provides critical insight into the dynamical limits of Earth's climate and the complex feedbacks between temperature and the broader Earth system. Here, we present PhanDA, a reconstruction of GMST over the past 485 million years, generated by statistically integrating proxy data with climate model simulations. PhanDA exhibits a large range
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Germline mutations in a G protein identify signaling cross-talk in T cells. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Hyoungjun Ham,Huie Jing,Ian T Lamborn,Megan M Kober,Alexey Koval,Yamina A Berchiche,D Eric Anderson,Kirk M Druey,Judith N Mandl,Bertrand Isidor,Carlos R Ferreira,Alexandra F Freeman,Sundar Ganesan,Meliha Karsak,Peter J Mustillo,Juliana Teo,Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham,Nicolas Chatron,François Lecoquierre,Andrew J Oler,Jana Pachlopnik Schmid,Douglas B Kuhns,Xuehua Xu,Fabian Hauck,Waleed Al-Herz,Matias
Humans with monogenic inborn errors responsible for extreme disease phenotypes can reveal essential physiological pathways. We investigated germline mutations in GNAI2, which encodes Gαi2, a key component in heterotrimeric G protein signal transduction usually thought to regulate adenylyl cyclase-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. Patients with activating Gαi2 mutations had
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Large library docking identifies positive allosteric modulators of the calcium-sensing receptor. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Fangyu Liu,Cheng-Guo Wu,Chia-Ling Tu,Isabella Glenn,Justin Meyerowitz,Anat Levit Kaplan,Jiankun Lyu,Zhiqiang Cheng,Olga O Tarkhanova,Yurii S Moroz,John J Irwin,Wenhan Chang,Brian K Shoichet,Georgios Skiniotis
Positive allosteric modulator (PAM) drugs enhance the activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and suppress parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Unfortunately, these hyperparathyroidism-treating drugs can induce hypocalcemia and arrhythmias. Seeking improved modulators, we docked libraries of 2.7 million and 1.2 billion molecules against the CaSR structure. The billion-molecule docking found
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How studying octopus nurseries can shape the future of our oceans Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-19
Beth Orcutt wants to learn more about life at the bottom of the ocean, to inform decision-making on deep sea mining.
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Obesity-drug pioneers win prestigious Lasker Award for medical science Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-19
Three scientists are honoured for developing a class of blockbuster weight-loss drugs. Is a Nobel prize on the way?
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What does peak emissions mean for China — and the world? Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-19
The milestone is essential for slowing global warming, but the hard work is still to come.
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Tackling the reality of noma Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-19
The severe disease of the face has finally been recognized as a neglected tropical disease. A heightened focus could help to unravel the mystery of what causes it.
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A lymphocyte chemoaffinity axis for lung, non-intestinal mucosae and CNS Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Borja Ocón, Menglan Xiang, Yuhan Bi, Serena Tan, Kevin Brulois, Aiman Ayesha, Manali Kunte, Catherine Zhou, Melissa LaJevic, Nicole Lazarus, Francesca Mengoni, Tanya Sharma, Stephen Montgomery, Jody E. Hooper, Mian Huang, Tracy Handel, John R. D. Dawson, Irina Kufareva, Brian A. Zabel, Junliang Pan, Eugene C. Butcher
Tissue-selective chemoattractants direct lymphocytes to epithelial surfaces to establish local immune environments, regulate immune responses to food antigens and commensal organisms, and protect from pathogens. Homeostatic chemoattractants for small intestines, colon, and skin are known1 2, but chemotropic mechanisms selective for respiratory tract and other non-intestinal mucosal tissues (NIMT) remain
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Colossal 'jets' shooting from a black hole defy physicists' theories Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18
Hear the biggest stories from the world of science | 18 September 2024
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Advanced CMOS manufacturing of superconducting qubits on 300 mm wafers Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 J. Van Damme, S. Massar, R. Acharya, Ts. Ivanov, D. Perez Lozano, Y. Canvel, M. Demarets, D. Vangoidsenhoven, Y. Hermans, J. G. Lai, A. M. Vadiraj, M. Mongillo, D. Wan, J. De Boeck, A. Potočnik, K. De Greve
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Opto-twistronic Hall effect in a three-dimensional spiral lattice Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Zhurun Ji, Yuzhou Zhao, Yicong Chen, Ziyan Zhu, Yuhui Wang, Wenjing Liu, Gaurav Modi, Eugene J. Mele, Song Jin, Ritesh Agarwal
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Commensal consortia decolonize Enterobacteriaceae via ecological control Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Munehiro Furuichi, Takaaki Kawaguchi, Marie-Madlen Pust, Keiko Yasuma-Mitobe, Damian R. Plichta, Naomi Hasegawa, Takashi Ohya, Shakti K. Bhattarai, Satoshi Sasajima, Yoshimasa Aoto, Timur Tuganbaev, Mizuki Yaginuma, Masahiro Ueda, Nobuyuki Okahashi, Kimiko Amafuji, Yuko Kiridoshi, Kayoko Sugita, Martin Stražar, Julian Avila-Pacheco, Kerry Pierce, Clary B. Clish, Ashwin N. Skelly, Masahira Hattori,
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One step from oxides to sustainable bulk alloys Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Shaolou Wei, Yan Ma, Dierk Raabe
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Temporal BMP4 effects on mouse embryonic and extraembryonic development Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Ron Hadas, Hernan Rubinstein, Markus Mittnenzweig, Yoav Mayshar, Raz Ben-Yair, Saifeng Cheng, Alejandro Aguilera-Castrejon, Netta Reines, Ayelet-Hashahar Orenbuch, Aviezer Lifshitz, Dong-Yuan Chen, Michael B. Elowitz, Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz, Jacob H. Hanna, Amos Tanay, Yonatan Stelzer
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Two-factor authentication underpins the precision of the piRNA pathway Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Madeleine Dias Mirandela, Ansgar Zoch, Jessica Leismann, Shaun Webb, Rebecca V. Berrens, Devisree Valsakumar, Yuka Kabayama, Tania Auchynnikava, Martina Schito, Tamoghna Chowdhury, David MacLeod, Xinyu Xiang, Juan Zou, Juri Rappsilber, Robin C. Allshire, Philipp Voigt, Atlanta G. Cook, Joan Barau, Dónal O’Carroll
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Controlled patterning of crystalline domains by frontal polymerization Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Justine E. Paul, Yuan Gao, Yoo Kyung Go, Luis E. Rodriguez Koett, Anisha Sharma, Manxin Chen, Jacob J. Lessard, Tolga Topkaya, Cecilia Leal, Jeffrey S. Moore, Philippe H. Geubelle, Nancy R. Sottos
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Observation of quantum entanglement with top quarks at the ATLAS detector Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18
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Mars’s induced magnetosphere can degenerate Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Qi Zhang, Stas Barabash, Mats Holmstrom, Xiao-dong Wang, Yoshifumi Futaana, Christopher M. Fowler, Robin Ramstad, Hans Nilsson
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Black hole jets on the scale of the cosmic web Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Martijn S. S. L. Oei, Martin J. Hardcastle, Roland Timmerman, Aivin R. D. J. G. I. B. Gast, Andrea Botteon, Antonio C. Rodriguez, Daniel Stern, Gabriela Calistro Rivera, Reinout J. van Weeren, Huub J. A. Röttgering, Huib T. Intema, Francesco de Gasperin, S. G. Djorgovski
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Three-dimensional wave breaking Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 M. L. McAllister, S. Draycott, R. Calvert, T. Davey, F. Dias, T. S. van den Bremer
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Micronuclear battery based on a coalescent energy transducer Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Kai Li, Congchong Yan, Junren Wang, Kun Zhu, Junjun Guo, Yugang Zhang, Guozheng Shi, Yuchen Yin, Liwei Cheng, Liang Sun, Yumin Wang, Hailong Zhang, Ying Sun, Jianyu Yuan, Wanli Ma, Guoxun Ji, Zhifang Chai, Yaxing Wang, Xiaoping Ouyang, Shuao Wang
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Endogenous opioid signalling regulates spinal ependymal cell proliferation Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Wendy W. S. Yue, Kouki K. Touhara, Kenichi Toma, Xin Duan, David Julius
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Targeted protein relocalization via protein transport coupling Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Christine S. C. Ng, Aofei Liu, Bianxiao Cui, Steven M. Banik
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Dynamic transition and Galilean relativity of current-driven skyrmions Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Max T. Birch, Ilya Belopolski, Yukako Fujishiro, Minoru Kawamura, Akiko Kikkawa, Yasujiro Taguchi, Max Hirschberger, Naoto Nagaosa, Yoshinori Tokura
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Observation-constrained projections reveal longer-than-expected dry spells Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Irina Y. Petrova, Diego G. Miralles, Florent Brient, Markus G. Donat, Seung-Ki Min, Yeon-Hee Kim, Margot Bador
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Pathogenic hypothalamic extracellular matrix promotes metabolic disease Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Cait A. Beddows, Feiyue Shi, Anna L. Horton, Sagar Dalal, Ping Zhang, Chang-Chun Ling, V. Wee Yong, Kim Loh, Ellie Cho, Chris Karagiannis, Adam J. Rose, Magdalene K. Montgomery, Paul Gregorevic, Matthew J. Watt, Nicolle H. Packer, Benjamin L. Parker, Robyn M. Brown, Edward S. X. Moh, Garron T. Dodd
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Space radiation measurements during the Artemis I lunar mission Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Stuart P. George, Ramona Gaza, Daniel Matthiä, Diego Laramore, Jussi Lehti, Thomas Campbell-Ricketts, Martin Kroupa, Nicholas Stoffle, Karel Marsalek, Bartos Przybyla, Mena Abdelmelek, Joachim Aeckerlein, Amir A. Bahadori, Janet Barzilla, Matthias Dieckmann, Michael Ecord, Ricky Egeland, Timo Eronen, Dan Fry, Bailey H. Jones, Christine E. Hellweg, Jordan Houri, Robert Hirsh, Mika Hirvonen, Scott Hovland
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Quarks show that quantum entanglement holds at high energies Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Martin Hentschinski
Proton–proton collisions confirm quantum principle in top-quark pairs.
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Daily briefing: Crustaceans can ‘smell’ their way back to their home cave Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18
Tiny crustaceans can detect their home waters using ‘smell’. Plus, the challenges that accompany the cure for sickle-cell disease.
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Small molecules help misplaced proteins hitchhike around cells Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Robert Yvon, Christina M. Woo
Proteins induced to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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Magnetic whirlpools creep and flow in response to emergent electrodynamics Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Yingying Wu
Dynamic behaviours in a skyrmion-hosting material.
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Brain goop that traps hunger neurons drives obesity Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18
A mechanism for metabolic disease is traced to a defective cellular scaffolding that holds together the brain’s hunger cells.
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Crosstalk between the embryo and the developing placenta relies on same signal for multiple messages Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18
Proper communication between embryonic tissues is crucial to the production of the correct balance of cell types.
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Gut microbes fend off harmful bacteria by depriving them of nutrients Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Eric G. Pamer
Depletion of the molecule gluconate halts gut colonization by a pathogen.
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CERN prepares to expel Russian scientists — but won’t completely cut ties Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18
The laboratory has ended its agreement with the nation, but will continue working with a Russian nuclear-research institute, raising tensions among researchers.
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Obesity is driven by a build-up of molecular mesh around hunger neurons Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Alexander Dityatev
Neuronal insulin resistance caused by excess extracellular matrix.
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Quantum feat: physicists observe entangled quarks for first time Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-18
Particle measurements at the Large Hadron Collider open the door to future high-energy tests of entanglement.
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Black holes as big as atoms might be speeding through the Solar System Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-17
Primordial black holes, which are smaller than their better-known cousins, visit the inner Solar System once a decade, simulations suggest.
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Hunting down the elusive cytosolic-DNA sensor Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Diane Mathis
The 2024 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award was attributed to Zhijian (James) Chen for “the discovery of the cGAS enzyme that senses foreign and self DNA, solving the mystery of how DNA stimulates immune and inflammatory responses.” Bringing to bear an ingenious in vitro complementation system, an astute insight, and superlative biochemistry, Chen and colleagues identified cGAS (cGAMP synthase)
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Is bird flu spreading among people? Data gaps leave researchers in the dark. Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Heidi Ledford
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Hot and cold Earth through time. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Benjamin J W Mills
Reconstructing ancient Earth's temperature reveals a global climate regulation system.
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Pushing the boundaries of gravitational wave detection. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Yoichi Aso
Broadband reduction of quantum noise should accelerate discovery.
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KRAS takes the road to destruction. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Adrienne D Cox,Channing J Der
A single small molecule degrades numerous KRAS variants involved in cancer.
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The complex affective and cognitive capacities of rats. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Inbal Ben-Ami Bartal
For several decades, although studies of rat physiology and behavior have abounded, research on rat emotions has been limited in scope to fear, anxiety, and pain. Converging evidence for the capacity of many species to share others' affective states has emerged, sparking interest in the empathic capacities of rats. Recent research has demonstrated that rats are a highly cooperative species and are
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The coming microbial crisis: Our antibiotic bubble is about to burst. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Andreas J Bäumler
This month, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly will convene its second High-Level Meeting on antimicrobial resistance, urging UN member states to take decisive action against this growing threat. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has released a list of the drug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections that pose the greatest concern to public health. Yet, despite increasing
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U.S. agency drops controversial changes to misconduct rules. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Jeffrey Mervis
In first regulatory overhaul in 20 years, Office of Research Integrity takes modest steps toward greater transparency.
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The evolutionary history of wild and domestic brown rats (Rattus norvegicus). Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Jason Munshi-South,Joseph A Garcia,David Orton,Megan Phifer-Rixey
The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) occupies nearly every terrestrial habitat with a human presence and is one of our most important model organisms. Despite this prevalence, gaps remain in understanding the evolution of brown rat commensalism, their global dispersal, and mechanisms underlying contemporary adaptations to diverse environments. In this Review, we explore recent advances in the evolutionary
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Atmospheric blocking slows ocean-driven melting of Greenland's largest glacier tongue. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Rebecca Adam McPherson,Claudia Wekerle,Torsten Kanzow,Monica Ionita,Finn Ole Heukamp,Ole Zeising,Angelika Humbert
Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet has contributed to global sea-level rise over the past 20 years. Yet direct observations from the 79 North Glacier (79NG) calving front reveal decreasing Atlantic Intermediate Water (AIW) temperatures below the ice tongue from 2018 to 2021, leading to reduced ocean heat transport. This is linked to a concurrent decrease in basal melt and thinning rates at the
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High-fidelity teleportation of a logical qubit using transversal gates and lattice surgery. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 C Ryan-Anderson,N C Brown,C H Baldwin,J M Dreiling,C Foltz,J P Gaebler,T M Gatterman,N Hewitt,C Holliman,C V Horst,J Johansen,D Lucchetti,T Mengle,M Matheny,Y Matsuoka,K Mayer,M Mills,S A Moses,B Neyenhuis,J Pino,P Siegfried,R P Stutz,J Walker,D Hayes
Quantum state teleportation is commonly used in designs for large-scale quantum computers. Using Quantinuum's H2 trapped-ion quantum processor, we demonstrate fault-tolerant state teleportation circuits for a quantum error correction code-specifically the Steane code. The circuits use up to 30 qubits at the physical level and employ real-time quantum error correction. We conducted experiments on several
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The global war on island rats. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Elizabeth Pennisi
Invasive rodents wreak havoc on island wildlife. How we learned to fight back.
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Artificial kinetochore beads establish a biorientation-like state in the spindle. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Kohei Asai,Yuanzhuo Zhou,Osamu Takenouchi,Tomoya S Kitajima
Faithful chromosome segregation requires biorientation, where the pair of kinetochores on the chromosome establish bipolar microtubule attachment. The integrity of the kinetochore, a macromolecular complex built on centromeric DNA, is required for biorientation, but components sufficient for biorientation remain unknown. Here, we show that tethering the outer kinetochore heterodimer NDC80-NUF2 to the
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Emerging patterns in rodent-borne zoonotic diseases. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Felicia Keesing,Richard S Ostfeld
Rodents are ubiquitous and typically unwelcome dwellers in human habitats worldwide, infesting homes, farm fields, and agricultural stores and potentially shedding disease-causing microbes into the most human-occupied of spaces. Of the vertebrate animal taxa that share pathogens with us, rodents are the most abundant and diverse, with hundreds of species of confirmed zoonotic hosts, some of which have
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NIH ends funding for key parasitology database. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Meredith Wadman
Trove of data-mining resources on malaria and other killers will need donations to stay alive.
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The prion principle and Alzheimer's disease. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Lary C Walker,Mathias Jucker
Similarities to molecular mechanisms underlying prion diseases may help to refine Alzheimer's disease therapies.
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Pediatrics academy faces pushback on GMO advice. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Meredith Wadman
"Fearmongering" guidelines ignore wealth of scientific evidence, critics say.
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Claim of seafloor 'dark oxygen' faces doubts. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Paul Voosen
Mining companies and others skeptical that metallic nodules electrically split seawater.
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Squeezing the quantum noise of a gravitational-wave detector below the standard quantum limit. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Wenxuan Jia,Victoria Xu,Kevin Kuns,Masayuki Nakano,Lisa Barsotti,Matthew Evans,Nergis Mavalvala,,R Abbott,I Abouelfettouh,R X Adhikari,A Ananyeva,S Appert,K Arai,N Aritomi,S M Aston,M Ball,S W Ballmer,D Barker,B K Berger,J Betzwieser,D Bhattacharjee,G Billingsley,N Bode,E Bonilla,V Bossilkov,A Branch,A F Brooks,D D Brown,J Bryant,C Cahillane,H Cao,E Capote,Y Chen,F Clara,J Collins,C M Compton,R Cottingham
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that the position and momentum of an object cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrary precision, giving rise to an apparent limitation known as the standard quantum limit (SQL). Gravitational-wave detectors use photons to continuously measure the positions of freely falling mirrors and so are affected by the SQL. We investigated the performance of
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Bill targeting Chinese firms worries U.S. researchers. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Robert F Service
Biosecure Act could hinder science collaborations, limit sequencer purchases.
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MAYEX is an old long noncoding RNA recruited for X chromosome dosage compensation in a reptile. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Mariela Tenorio,Samantha Cruz-Ruiz,Sergio Encarnación-Guevara,Magdalena Hernández,Jose Antonio Corona-Gomez,Fania Sheccid-Santiago,Joanna Serwatowska,Sinai López-Perdomo,Cynthia D Flores-Aguirre,Diego M Arenas-Moreno,Robert J Ossiboff,Fausto Méndez-de-la-Cruz,Selene L Fernandez-Valverde,Mario Zurita,Katarzyna Oktaba,Diego Cortez
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulatory elements of sex chromosomes that act to equalize gene expression levels between males and females. XIST, RSX, and roX2 regulate X chromosomes in placental mammals, marsupials, and Drosophila, respectively. Because the green anole (Anolis carolinensis) shows complete dosage compensation of its X chromosome, we tested whether a lncRNA was involved
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A decarbonylative approach to alkylnickel intermediates and C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Zhidao Huang,Michelle E Akana,Kyana M Sanders,Daniel J Weix
The myriad nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions rely on the formation of an organonickel intermediate, but limitations in forming monoalkylnickel species have limited options for C(sp3) cross-coupling. The formation of monoalkylnickel(II) species from abundant carboxylic acid esters would be valuable, but carboxylic acid derivatives are primarily decarboxylated to form alkyl radicals that lack