Cities worldwide face a significant public health and environmental challenge in handling municipal solid waste (MSW). This research exposed an effective utilization of MSW as the source for hydrogen production via a supercritical water gasification process under 450–650 °C at 15–45 min processing time. The impacts of gasification temperature and processing time on the functional properties of hydrogen

The mixed culture of and were found to improve lignocellulase production and ameliorate the composition (Fang et al., 2010; Fang et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2018) [1-3]. However, the mechanism behind remained unclear. Here we conducted multi-omics study of the mixed culture to elucidate the mechanism comprehensively, including proteomics of the secretomes, metabolomics of the fermentation broths and

This paper reviews the performance of geopolymer catalysts for biodiesel production. The limited review reports on this topic have been noticed in the published literature, and it is highly required to critically review the published work on this topic so that improvements can be made and new gaps in the field can be highlighted. Various types of geopolymers such as K/Zeo-Geo, Na-geopolymer, K-geopolymer

An advanced CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model has been developed to describe the combustion of wood pellets. It is based on a packed-bed approach and provides a realistic description of the combustion of pellets, resolved in 3D over the whole fuel bed. It considers the properties of the packed bed rather than the properties of the single fuel particles. Compared to a particle-based description

Xylose isomerase (XI) pathway has been widely employed to enable to convert xylose and glucose into commercially feasible lignocellulosic ethanol products. Nevertheless, studies about the effect of different promoters to the expression of A are lacking. Therefore, five strains with , , , , promoters were constructed. Among them, INV/pHM368-P-A generated with A driven by 1 promoter displayed the highest

Open burning is commonly used to dispose of piles of forest residues generated by forest management activities; however, this method is associated with smoke emissions and damage to forest soil. Air curtain burners (ACB), such as the Firebox (FB) and CharBoss® (CB), offer an alternative to open burning. This study evaluated the performance of FB for biomass disposal and CB for biomass disposal and

High-latitude regions are not traditionally considered for energy crop production due to unfavorable production conditions, e.g., low temperatures and short growing seasons. However, with increasing pressures on land use in warmer regions, rising global food demands, and climate change, shifting energy crop production to cold climate regions has become a desirable alternative. Increasing attempts have

Valorization of food waste into high value-added glycerol was designed and prepared via directional green transformation using multi-enzymolysis saccharification coupled facultative fermentation by . The optimal conditions for the first step of multienzyme hydrolysis and the second step of facultative fermentation were 55 °C and pH 5.0 for 6 h, 30 °C and pH 7.0 for 70 h, respectively. The glycerol

Lignocellulosic fermentable sugars have been attracting increasing attention due to the developments of synthetic biology, yet the heterogeneity of the raw material results in high pretreatment intensities and the generation of numerous fermentation inhibitors. In this study, the rolling-disc milling texture-sorting was established for raw material to mitigate inhibitors generation at its source, specifically

This paper aims to critically assess the potential of biomass-derived carbon material for battery development, with a particular emphasis towards electric vehicles (EV) application. Existing studies highlighted that pretreatment, carbonization, activation and conductive dopants, influenced pore size, surface area, conductivity and degree of graphitization of carbon material, which subsequently influenced

In the novel paradigm of the circular economy the value of products, materials, and resources is retained in the economy for as long as possible, thereby minimizing waste generation. In this context, the olive oil producing countries are presented with a new opportunity that lies in the large amount of by-products generated by the olive oil industry, in particular olive pomace. Among the existing options

The ongoing energy crisis and global warming threat represent major challenges of the century. Our dependence on conventional fuels has reached to a critical level where attempts are made to reduce the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and impede its ramifications. Simultaneously, it is projected to have alternative greener energy resources to reduce the deleterious effect of biofuels on humans and

The collection of Waste Cooking Oils (WCOs) has been growing in recent years due to the increase in society's awareness of environmental aspects since the uncontrolled disposal of WCOs has substantial adverse environmental impacts. WCOs are potential secondary raw materials for producing environmentally friendly biodiesel, which reduces pollution, promotes renewable energy use, and decreases waste

The preparation of high-performance porous carbons (HPPCs) using biomass as adsorbent is a viable strategy for the treatment of ibuprofen (IB) in water. In the present study, pyrolyzed carbon was prepared from duckweed (DW) and rice straw (SW) at 400, 500, and 600 °C, and subsequently mixed pyrolysis with KOH to prepare the HPPCs. The HPPCs were used for the treatment of ibuprofen (IB) in water to

The current production of aromatic hydrocarbons, crucial in fuel and polymer production, relies heavily on fossil resources. Finding carbon-neutral alternatives is necessary to address the current environmental challenges. Lignin emerges as a promising source for bio-based aromatics. However, existing catalytic hydrodeoxygenation processes often yield mixtures of cycloalkanes and aromatics. In our

Biomass-derived charcoal, possessing high surface area, temperature resistance, and stability, has diverse applications. Traditional methods overlook its conductivity. In this work, a new approach was devised. By controlling the pyrolysis temperature and preparation atmosphere, rice straw was converted into biochar electrodes at 1000 °C in a N₂-containing environment. The temperature effect on the

Dark fermentation of cheese whey (CW) for the production of biohydrogen generates an acidic effluent, containing high concentrations of volatile fatty acids, which needs to be further treated before disposal and possibly further valorised. This study develops a dual-chamber Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) that achieves simultaneously the reduction of the organic content of this effluent to environmentally

After acidic and high-temperature pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, researchers find that some lignin-like substance appeared on the surface of cellulose, which is called pseudo-lignin. Pseudo-lignin can be formed through carbohydrate degradation or substitution reactions on the aromatic ring of lignin. Pseudo-lignin is identified as Klason lignin in compositional analysis, whereas in Py-GC-MS

The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of utilizing urine-prepared NaOH solution (NUr) as an innovative pretreatment approach for enhancing BHP in rice straw through anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The findings suggest that pretreatment with NUr could substantially enhance hydrolysis rates and H production. The maximum biohydrogen production (BHP) yield reached 184.46 mL/g

The paper presents a techno-economic comparison among five alternative process configurations for bio-methanol production from the gasification of residual forestry biomass. Process design and simulations are performed in Aspen Plus for mass and energy balance calculation, followed by preliminary sizing and economic analysis. Process schemes include a gasification island (state-of-the-art low-pressure

Bio-jet fuels are considered as a highly promising strategy for minimizing carbon emissions in the aviation sector. This study presents a scheme for producing bio-jet fuel from corn stover through aqueous phase conversion, focusing on the economics and environmental performance of various lignin utilization technologies. Three scenarios were simulated using Aspen Plus, each integrating a different

Biological hydrogen production is seen as one of the solutions to achieve a sustainable energy transition and net-zero emission by 2050. The underlying mechanisms of biological hydrogen production methods are still tenuous in literature. This study uses bibliometric and systematic literature review methodologies to examine the recent and emerging techniques on biological hydrogen production methods

One of the main limitations of commercial production of algae is the cost of cultivation, largely attributed to the cost of the nutrients; hence, finding cheap alternative substrates has been a significant line of research in this field. The dairy industry produces large amounts of wastewater that might be used as a cost-effective nutrient alternative, containing lactose as a main carbon source, as

To address environmental pollution, the chemical industry is continually refining its standards. In the United States and Europe, regulations stipulate that the sulfur content in diesel fuel must not exceed 15 ppm. This stringent requirement has driven continuous research into advanced fuel upgrading techniques. One such promising method is oxidative desulfurization (ODS), which removes sulfur compounds

A large amount of corn stover waste is produced from processing industries. In this study, the thermostatic microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment (TMAAP) of corn stover at atmospheric pressure was investigated to improve the utilization rate. The optimized conditions include pretreated time, NaOH concentration, temperature, initial power, and solid-liquid ratio. The pretreated corn stover samples

Municipal solid waste (MSW)'s 40–60 % carbon content makes it a feedstock for biofuel production via pyrolysis. One challenge in the conversion process is MSW fouling due to thermal decomposition. The accumulated deposit on the injection screw often leads to plugging and constriction. This study examined the morphology and composition of the MSW fouling deposit and conducted a thermal simulation to

In the context of the global response to climate change, methanol is receiving widespread attention as a potentially clean, renewable fuel. In this paper, the effects of injection timing and split injection strategy on the combustion process and emissions were investigated in methanol engines. The effect of mixture control on the ignition delay period was studied in detail. The results showed that

Renewable energy sources have recently received a lot of attention for their potential to manage and dispose of organic waste, including food waste, in a way that is environmentally conscious. An important method for handling and processing food waste and organic waste is anaerobic digestion. Biogas plants serve as both a source of electricity and fertiliser while simultaneously preserving the environment

The purification of synthetic and pre-treated impure glycerol from 2 generation biodiesel refineries is addressed to reduce the ash content below 1 % wt. Electrodialysis purification has been selected for its ability to selectively remove salts from the glycerol. First, synthetic glycerol-rich samples are tested to optimise cell voltage, membrane type and time on stream to achieve the target of 1 %

The production of bio-based furfural is well known, but processes that use homogeneous catalysis with mineral acids such as sulfuric acid are environmentally and economically unfeasible. This study aimed to explore the use and reuse of niobium phosphate in aqueous media as a heterogeneous catalyst in furfural production using three types of sugarcane waste. The experiments were designed with temperature

The investigation within the green biorefinery focused on value-measuring properties of by-products derived from leaf protein concentrate production, particularly from Jerusalem artichokes. Results showed fiber fractions ranged from 17 to 28 % per 1 kg of fresh biomass, while brown juice fractions ranged from 57 to 68 %. Protein content varied from 7 to 14 m/m% for fiber and 0.3–1.4 m/m% for brown

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of cultivar and nitrogen fertilization on grain yield for human consumption and on the quantitative and qualitative value of straw as solid biofuel for combustion. The research was carried out in field trials established in the north-west of Croatia at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, during two growing seasons. The research

A simple, sustainable, one-pot, and highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) and furfural from waste papers, cotton, poly/mono-meric carbohydrates using a hydrothermal reactor system has been demonstrated. The synergetic role of oxalic acid and LiCl was investigated for the conversion of different types of waste paper such as cardboard, newspaper, tissue paper

Succinic acid (SA) is an important building-block chemical that serves as a precursor for a wide variety of chemicals and materials with significant market value. Its production from renewable sources has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this work, the suitability of industrial sorghum grain as a feedstock for SA production, using DSM 22257 and DSM 22022, was studied. The addition

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) isolation from non-woody biomass is attractive to replace the current reliance on wood as feedstock. The predominant use of single acid hydrolysis cycle in existing literature may overlook the residual sediment. In this work, we explored the use of multiple acid hydrolysis to investigate the NCC isolation from unbleached kapok pulp. Initial screening using factorial

Lignin is an attractive feed for biofuels and biobased chemicals. We here report the conversion of kraft lignin (Lignoboost) to liquids by hydropyrolysis using a zinc based (molten) salt in a semi-batch reactor. m-Cresol was used to dissolve and inject the lignin into the heated and pressurized reactor containing the molten salt. The liquid yield and fraction of organics in the liquid was optimized

The goal of this research was to quantify the energy demand, carbon footprint, and financial cost of microalgae biomass processing with solar drying to produce biomass powder and anaerobic digestion, which is preceded by heat treatment, to produce biogas and biosolids. Microalgae biomasses were produced from cultivation in open raceway ponds in nutrient regimes with the availability and limitation

To address the growing energy demand and environmental issues associated with fossil fuels, growing energy crops on marginal lands offers a sustainable solution to increase bioresources for bioenergy production while avoiding the conflict of food and fuel. Giant reed ( L.), a non-food energy crop, is recognized for its substantial yield and adaptability to marginal lands, making it a promising candidate

The paper presents the research results of the supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of poultry manure continuously fed into a tubular reactor both in the absence and presence of methane as an auxiliary fuel. The tests were conducted at a temperature gradient along the vertical axis of the reactor (top to bottom: 390–600 °C), a pressure of 25 MPa, and varying reagent flow rates. It is shown that due

The development of advanced and innovative biomaterials with porous structural characteristics for the capture of fluorinated gases (F-gases) is important to contribute to the reduction of emissions of these gases with very high global warming potential. In this work, four biocarbons (CC-1:3HPO, CC-1:1HPO, CC-KCO and CC-CO) were produced by chemical and physical activation of corn cob biomass (CC)

This paper examines the economic viability of biochar application in crop production, focusing on varying application rates of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 tons per hectare. Biochar, produced through biomass pyrolysis, has shown promise in improving crop yields and contributing to environmental sustainability. The biochar production financial metrics were analyzed, and it shows that the economic

Diverse biomass sources from the Canary Islands (vineyard, tomato plant residues, Canary pine needles and ) were assessed due to their local abundance, availability, and low supply cost. Based on their physico-chemical properties, various thermochemical processes were conducted to assess their thermal degradation behaviour, using simultaneous thermal analysis, and their potential for energy production

The synthesis of high-valued carbon nanomaterials from biomass has always been a hot topic. The work reports the preparation of hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNs) from potato starch with one-step carbonization, in which self-made MgO powder is utilized as the template. In this study, an attempt was made to change carbonization temperature to control HCNs in diameter, wall thickness and pore distribution

The increasing generation of food waste (FW) poses significant environmental and management challenges, requiring efficient and sustainable treatment methods. This study presents the first systematic comparison between a conventional single-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) process and a lactate-based two-stage AD process using food waste (FW) as the substrate. Both AD configurations were operated in

Diatoms have garnered significant attention in various industries, including feed, food, and pharmaceuticals, due to their potential as advanced biomaterials containing valuable components such as fatty acids, pigments, and nanoparticles. However, the industrial-scale cultivation of diatoms has faced challenges such as limited productivity and high production costs. This study aimed to develop a cost-effective

This study utilizes decision tree algorithms to estimate the financial feasibility of concentrated solar power (CSP). The main focus of CSP is on solar tower (ST) technology combined with two backup systems, such as biomass boilers and thermal energy storage (TES). The main goal is to develop three decision tree algorithms to predict the power plant's profitability factor (P) for each of the following

Lignin is a biopolymer generated from the pulp and paper industry as a natural resource. Lignin valorization is advantageous for biorefineries to produce aromatic compounds, fragrance, biofuel, material, and commodity chemicals, which could be an alternative of crude oil-derived products. However, several barriers are involved in natural lignin extraction and depolymerization, which need to be solved

This study investigates the simultaneous conversion of holocellulose and lignin fractions during the catalytic hydrogenolysis of biomass to glycols, focusing on how different organic solvents, necessary to keep the lignin soluble, impact the conversion of non-delignified and deashed biomass, as well as the ethylene glycol production and lignin behavior. Although the catalyst amounts used were low,

The environmental and health concerns connected with the fly ash dumpsite could be avoided by using non-food crops to phytostabilize the site, keeping pollutants from moving and providing extra economic benefits. Fly ash amendments with nutrient-rich vermicompost have the potential to improve soil quality and availability, leading to increased crop productivity. Given the crop's importance and knowledge

A green organic, solvent-free, subcritical water-CO (subW-CO) system was proposed for the production of furfural from the main hemicellulose's sugar, xylose. Despite subW itself showed potential for furfural generation due to its catalytic properties under subcritical conditions; when CO was added into the system as pressurization agent, higher yields were reached due to its effect as a Brønsted acid

The efficient conversion of biomass waste into valuable products is a critical challenge in sustainable energy and environmental management. Microwave pyrolysis of hemp stem and corn stover was studied for producing biochar suitable for CO adsorption, catalysts, water treatment, and soil enhancement. The effects of microwave power and absorbent agents on maximum temperature, yields, and biochar properties

The rising worldwide need for energy, driven by industrial expansion, population increase, and transportation demands, poses a substantial issue. Microalgae are extremely promising raw materials for biofuel production, and pyrolysis is an efficient method of turning biomass into bioenergy. However, biofuels generated from microalgae pyrolysis frequently have inferior fuel characteristics due to high

Sustainable catalytic transformation of bio-based alcohols to high value-added fine chemicals is an important topic of research. This work described preparation of simple and economical Pd@Glu-HTC catalyst from biomass derived low cost -glucose. Hydrothermal carbonization of glucose was carried out in first step to synthesize Glu-HTC support in a simpler, greener, economical and efficient manner followed

Circular approaches to revalorise waste biomass from agriculture and food production sectors are crucial for developing a sustainable bioenergy strategy. For instance, while the demand for edible mushroom cultivation has increased globally, the production generates a substantial amount of waste biomass, known as Spent Mushroom Substrate (MS). Thermochemical biomass conversion technologies such as hydrothermal

Cereal straw is a large biomass resource which may potentially be pretreated for biogas production by combined ensiling and storage. Five pilot-scale ensiling experiments were performed with straw of wheat, barley and rye, baled in midi-bales (0.9*1.2*2.0 m) with various water contents (17–68 %), ensiling additives and ensiling periods (173–230 days). The water content in the bales differed depending