Perennials can produce more biomass and partially replace annual crops. However, environmental benefits of perennials over annuals in terms of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have rarely been compared in a long-term field experiment. By combining automatic and manual chamber methods, we aimed to develop reliable N2O estimates from annual and perennial systems. We measured N2O emissions from: i. perennial

The mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere are one of the major gathering areas of global vegetation, playing a key role in regulating the climate and carbon cycle. Studying the interactive effects of vegetation phenological dynamics and climate change will help predict future vegetation dynamics and ecological protection. However, the response of vegetation phenology to multi-dimensional climatic

The rapid expansion of oasis areas and seasonal water scarcity pose significant threats to the stability and maintenance of oases. Oases and deserts exhibit distinct dynamic and hydrothermal properties, resulting in oasis-desert interactions that help alleviate the situation. However, due to difficulties in adequately characterizing the high dynamic and thermal heterogeneities of the real oasis-desert

Crops face vulnerability due to climate change, but the consequences of warming on crop production across diverse environmental conditions need to be better understood. We conducted a global meta-analysis by analyzing 5690 paired observations to understand the warming effects on the production of four major staple crops (wheat, rice, maize, and soybean). Results indicated that a 2.1 °C warming decreases

Afforestation is gaining global attention for its role in carbon sequestration and timber production. Afforestation affects hydrological processes in forest ecosystems, including water yield. However, there is a paucity of long-term observation data to examine the effects of afforestation on water yield. Moreover, drought caused by global warming could change the runoff generation process and make

Perennial fruit trees will likely face a severe drought during their lifespan as climate change places pressure on irrigation resources. Our understanding of carry-over effects of seasonal drought on physiological performance is limited. This research assessed the physiological effects of soil water deficit on three-year-old field-grown pear trees of the combination ‘D'Anjou’/OHxF.87 and then also

Southwest China was affected by two extreme droughts in the autumn to spring of 2012–2013 and the winter to summer of 2020–2021. These droughts caused water depletion, crop damage, and socio-economic disruption. However, little is known about the accurate representation of the two drought events and the responses of vegetation to the droughts. We used multiple vegetation indices and multi-source climate

The nocturnal boundary layer height (hN) was investigated using one year of data (2022) collected by sonic anemometers installed at 11 heights, above the canopy top on the towers of the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) in Central Amazon. Unlike previous assessments relying on indirect methodologies, in the present study hN was directly estimated from measurements of turbulent fluxes of momentum

Agri-food system is facing multiple challenges under climate change. Developing climate-smart agricultural practices need process-based agroecosystem models which better simulate crop production and greenhouse gas emissions simultaneously. However, existing models often prioritize one aspect while oversimplify the other. Here, we develop an agroecosystem model, the MCWLA 2.0, which integrates the process-based

This study quantified surface energy balance and evapotranspiration in a Sphagnum-dominated ombrotrophic bog located near their southern limit in western North America (49.13∘ N, 122.98∘ W) from summer 2014 through 2022 to assess the bog's sensitivity to future climatic conditions, particularly to increasing severity and duration of drought conditions. Precipitation exceeded evapotranspiration in winter

Understanding resilience of alpine ecosystem to climatic extremes such as droughts is a key to predict its functioning and vulnerability under changing climate. However, the growth resilience of alpine woody plants to warming–induced moisture stress in the Himalayas remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we used annual growth rings of alpine juniper shrubs from 17 sites across five

The contrasting changes in wildfires reflect their diverse responses to bioclimates, vegetation dynamics, and human activities. However, how wildfire drivers interact to shape contrasting wildfire dynamics remains unclear. Here, wildfire dynamics at mid–high latitudes (≥30°N) were analyzed using a burned area dataset from 1982 to 2018. We integrated structural equation modeling with fire regime triangle

Remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (ET) models have been widely employed to quantify regional ET. However, mapping consecutive daily ET with high accuracy and fine spatiotemporal resolution remains challenging. This study developed a pre-processing model (SWH-mTSF) and a post-processing model (SWH-ETrF) to enhance the temporal continuity of estimates from an improved Shuttleworth-Wallace (SWH)

Climate change and human activity have profoundly altered soil hydrology, reshaping the areal extent and boundaries of wetland ecosystems. However, the impact of these shifts on the soil freeze-thaw cycle and their subsequent influence on greenhouse gas emissions remains poorly understood. This knowledge gap is particularly critical in high-latitude and high-altitude regions, which harbor substantial

Grasslands are worldwide spread ecosystems involved in the provision of multiple functional services, including biomass production and carbon storage. However, the increasingly adverse climate and non-optimised farm management are threatening these ecosystems. In this study, the original semi-mechanistic remotely sensed-driven VISTOCK model, which simulates grass growth as limited by thermal and water

To limit global warming, solar energy production is expanding in drylands globally. This study investigated phenological changes caused by photovoltaic (PV) plants in China's drylands using satellite-derived metrics. The results show that the deployment of PV plants has advanced the start of the growing season (SOS) by a median of 13.7 days, while extending the length of the growing season (LOS) by

This study investigated the impact of recent West African monsoon seasonal rainfall on the vegetation trend in Nigeria. Using Mann-Kendall test, the satellite estimates revealed increasing trends in the mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at 95 % in area of the location between 1981 and 2020 with statistical significance (atα≤0.5 levels of significance) in the south-western States. The

Climate and land-use changes have altered both litter quality and quantity, with cascading impacts on soil respiration (SR). Soil extracellular enzymes (EEs) like cellulase and ligninase are crucial for deconstructing plant litter because they convert polymers into monomers. However, whether and how changes in litter inputs influence soil cellulase and ligninase activities as well as the implications

The high variability in forest responses to climate changes is often due to the different ways in which individual trees transmit climate signals. This raises the problem that tree-ring chronologies sometimes lack a strong explanation for climate variations. This study aims to efficiently optimize the climatic signals from tree rings based on the method of classifying trees according to their synchronous

Urban forests with various structures can bring considerable but divergent biophysical cooling and humidification effects on their local climate. Thus, it is crucial to unravel the 3D thermal environment within urban forests and their relationship with forest structure, which are helpful for the urban forest planning and design. In this study, we continuously observed the air temperature (Ta) at different

Vegetation is one of the largest terrestrial sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide, driven by the balance between photosynthesis and respiration. Understanding the processes behind this net flux is critical, as it influences the global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and hence climate change. A key factor determining the carbon flux into the land surface is the absorption of light by vegetation

Photosynthesis plays an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle and is often studied using terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). The maximum carboxylation rate at 25 °C (Vcmax25) is a key parameter in TBMs, and yet the information on the spatiotemporal distribution of this parameter is uncertain. In this study, we retrieved the global distribution of Vcmax25 at 0.25° resolution based on TROPOMI-observed

Semi-arid rangelands in the western United States offer crucial ecosystem services and exhibit dynamic responses to climate change. Monitoring land surface phenology (LSP) in semi-arid rangelands using multi-scale satellite observations provides valuable insights to enhance management and sustainability efforts. This study investigates the multi-scale LSP metrics across fine (3 m), moderate (30 m)

Fire-induced damage to plant tissues can affect the capacities for water transport, carbon fixation, and carbon utilization, potentially resulting in immediate or delayed post-fire tree mortality. In this study, we measured leaf and stem hydraulic (pressure-volume traits, hydraulic conductivity, and embolism resistance) and economic (photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrates, and nutrients) traits

Agricultural expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado ecoregion has been causing extensive land use and land cover changes (LULCC), drastically shifting the carbon cycle dynamics of the affected ecosystems. However, accurate in situ observations of the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (NEE) from wooded Cerrado (Cerrado sensu stricto) as well as from post-conversion agricultural landscapes are lacking

During the 1960–2021 period, France experienced two rapid increases in 2m air temperature, in 1987/1988 and 2014/2015. Between the periods 1960–1987 and 1988–2014, this induced significant differences in the mean state of the local water cycle climatic components. Evolving climate hazards linked to the water cycle led to water balance modifications, especially in winter bread wheat fields. This work

Vegetation restoration is an important approach to improve ecosystems and address climate warming. However, there is significant debate regarding climate and hydrological impacts of large-scale vegetation restoration. This study proposes a framework for dynamically separating the cumulative climate and hydrological effects of vegetation restoration, offering a perspective on the seasonal and regional

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are key precursors to ozone (O₃) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, influencing both air quality and climate changes. BVOC emissions are highly responsive to environmental stressors such as drought, temperature, and ozone. While significant progress has been made in modeling BVOC emissions, existing studies in China lack a detailed exploration

Knowledge of plant hydraulics facilitates our understanding of the capabilities of forests to withstand droughts. This common-garden study quantified the hydraulic response to variation in sandy soil conductivity and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of five morphologically contrasting, wide-ranging pine species (Pinus virginiana, P. echinata, P. taeda, P. elliottii, P. palustris) of the Southeastern

Accurately elucidating the spatio-temporal pattern of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is essential for understanding the feedback mechanisms of the carbon cycle to climate and grazing. Parameter localization through data assimilation for terrestrial ecosystem process model is the dominant approach to accurately simulate NEP. However, current studies calibrate

Heatwaves have significant effects on ecosystems and human populations. Human habitability is impacted severely as human exposure to heatwaves is projected to increase. Future risk of heatwaves requires effective measures for adaptation to persistent hot temperature extremes and ambitious mitigation to limit further increases in heatwave severity.

Mountains are one of the hotspots of climate change, and their complex morphology makes the monitoring of water and energy fluxes extremely challenging. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a crucial component of the water cycle and energy budget and its accurate estimation is essential for water resources management and ecosystem protection in mountains. It has been reported that the topography substantially

Spring frost remains a major climatic risk for winter wheat production. However, frost risk is often overlooked in climate change studies, especially those that rely on process-based crop models. This study assesses the spring frost risk for winter wheat in South Korea using observed trial data, a process-based crop model, and a large ensemble of climate data. Trial data from seven sites across South

Global climate change presents a significant challenge to the sustainable development goal of eradicating hunger. Accurate assessment or projection of crop yields is crucial for ensuring food security at both global and regional levels in a changing environment. However, traditional crop models may introduce significant uncertainties due to lack of the intensified feedbacks between crop vegetation

The Eco-Evolutionary Optimality (EEO) theory posits that vegetation adopts specific growth strategies, co-evolving with the environment to achieve a steady state. The EEO models, by capturing the mechanistic interactions between vegetation and the environment while maintaining simplicity, hold promise in simulating vegetation at steady states. In this study, four EEO models (the Eagleson model, the

Accurate simulation of evapotranspiration (ET) with crop models is essential for improving agricultural water management and yield forecasting. Few studies have evaluated multiple soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] models for simulating ET under conditions of low evaporative demand that is characteristic for a warm-summer humid continental climate. Six soybean crop models, encompassing 15 different modeling

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) serves as a key indicator of the ecosystem carbon balance. However, the combined effects of various drivers, particularly land use/cover change (LUCC) and forest aging, on NEP remain uncertain, leading to uncertainties in regional and global future NEP simulations. This study integrated Future Land Uses Simulation (FLUS), System Dynamic (SD), and optimized Integrated

The quantum yield (α) of photosynthesis represents the maximum light use efficiency (LUE) as indicated by the initial slope of photosynthetic light response curves. α is an important variable in LUE-based models which are widely used to simulate gross primary productivity (GPP) from regional to global scales. However, the spatiotemporal variations in α at the ecosystem scale remain elusive despite

The limited homeothermy hypothesis states that leaves maintain their temperature within an optimal range for photosynthesis by increasing transpiration during warm conditions. Under limited homeothermy, plants may offset thermal stress caused by climate change. If this hypothesis is true, we should observe: 1) leaf temperature increasing slower than air temperature and 2) leaves cooler than air during

Understanding crop yield responses to rainfall is essential for food systems adaptation under climate change. While there are ample evidences of crop yield responses to seasonal rainfall variation, the geographic sensitivities and driving mechanisms of sub-seasonal rainfall events remain elusive. We used long-term nationwide observations to explore the sensitivity of maize and soybean yields in response

Wetlands are among the largest sources of methane (CH4) on Earth. To restore degraded ecological functions, wetland restoration has been implemented worldwide, but its impact on CH4 emissions remains poorly understood. This study conducted a comprehensive global meta-analysis, integrating data from 59 field studies, to assess CH4 emission responses to wetland restoration and identify key influencing

In the online and PDF version of our new published paper (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110388), we found the Acknowledgments (Funding information) was missing.

Large-scale afforestation has undoubtedly aided in combating desertification but it also exerts negative effects on the hydrological cycle, particularly on deep percolation (DP) and soil water dynamics. This study aims to fill the gap in current research on the effect of different sand-fixing vegetation types on DP and soil water in two different precipitation regions through in-situ tests and direct

Quantifying vegetation vulnerability plays a critical role in the field of impacts and risks of extreme weather and climate. However, vegetation vulnerability assessments remain facing challenges due to complexity, nonlinearity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the lagged effect. In this study, we develop a Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI) based dynamic of vegetation response during the lagged period

Rice production faces increasing challenges from climate change and soil degradation. The conversion from double to single-cropping rice over the past decades has further threatened rice self-sufficiency in China. Understanding the spatial and temporal variations of rice yield across different rice-cropping systems is crucial for creating adaptation strategies. Here we used a process-based modelling

Eddy Covariance measurements are often subject to missing values, or gaps in the data record. Methods to fill short gaps are well-established, but robustly filling gaps longer than a few weeks remains a challenge. Marginal Distribution Sampling (MDS) is a standard gap-filling method, but its effectiveness for long gaps (> 30 days) is limited. We compared the performance of a machine learning algorithm

Phenological indices are an effective approach for assessing spatial and temporal patterns and variability in plant development. The Spring Indices (SI-x), two widely adopted phenological indices, have been used in recent decades to predict development of woody plants, and document changes in spring growth timing, especially in North America. However, these two indices (Leaf and Bloom) capture only

Soil moisture (SM) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) are key factors affecting forest carbon stock. However, their effects on forest biomass carbon under hotter and drier climate trends are unclear. These knowledge gaps limit forest management practices and the implementation of climate change mitigation programs. In this study, satellite observations and meteorological data were combined to analyze

As Australia's primary staple and export crop, wheat necessitates reliable yield mapping to ensure timely alerts about food insecurity. Conventional crop yields are estimated using either process-based or statistical models, but both face challenges in large-scale application due to the extensive data required. Recent studies have shown that the gross primary production (GPP) of plants can be mechanistically

Soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is crucial in the global carbon cycle. Its sensitivity to warming significantly impacts climate change. However, the effect of soil drying-rewetting, a consequence of climate change-induced water cycling shifts, on SOC decomposition sensitivity remains poorly understood. This study investigated how drying-rewetting cycles affect the temperature sensitivity (Q10)