Observed improvements in animal and sward performance, coupled with a desire for more sustainable pasture-based feeding systems has triggered a surge in the implementation of more botanically diverse pastures. However, thus far, there has been limited research investigating the effects of botanically diverse sward types on enteric methane (CH4) or nitrogen (N) excretion, alongside the ruminal microbiota

We evaluated the effects of supplementing direct fed microbials (DFM), containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, on performance, rumen morphometrics, intestinal gene expression, and blood and fecal parameters in finishing bulls. Nellore × Angus bulls (n = 144; initial BW = 401 ± 45.5 kg) were distributed at random in 36 pens (4 bulls/pen and 18 pens/treatment), following a completely

Egg-laying is an important trait in chickens, and it is affected by many factors, such as hormones regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and precursors synthesized by the liver. Recent studies showed that gut microbiota was associated with egg-laying, however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We comprehensively analyzed the host transcriptome, gut microbiota and metabolome in broiler

This study aimed to investigate the effect of feed intake levels on the development of intestinal morphology and epithelial cell differentiation in piglets. Sixty-four 35-day-old healthy weaned piglets ([Large White × Landrace] × Duroc) with an initial weight (6.93 ± 0.12 kg) were randomly divided into four groups (100%, 80%, 40%, and 20% feed intake) with eight replicates of two pigs each. Samples

Maternal nutrition is pivotal for proper fetal development, with one-carbon metabolites (OCM) playing a key role in fetal epigenetic programming through DNA and histone methylation. The study aimed to investigate the effects of nutrient restriction and OCM supplementation on fetal liver metabolomics in pregnant beef-heifers, focusing on metabolites and pathways associated with amino-acid, vitamin and

While soy products have long been included in animal diets for their macronutrient fractions, more recent work has focused on the immunomodulatory potential of bioactive components of this feedstuff. This comprehensive review aims to identify the current state of knowledge on minor soy fractions and their impact on the health and growth of pigs and broiler chickens to better direct future research

Stress and infection seriously threaten the reproductive performance and health of dairy cows. Various perinatal stresses increase plasma cortisol concentrations in cows, and chronically high cortisol levels may increase the incidence and severity of the uterine diseases. Selenium (Se) enhances antioxidant capacity of cows. The aim of this study was to explore how Se affects the oxidative stress of

Chicken meal, shrimp meal, blood meal, and soybean protein concentrate (SPC) are common alternatives to fishmeal. This study used them to prepare three diets with different levels of fishmeal (FM48, FM40, FM32) for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The results found no significant difference in the growth performance of largemouth bass fed different diets. Mixed protein increased the total cholesterol

This study investigates the potential phytochemicals that modulate bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways to enhance milk fat production in dairy animals. Bovine PPARγ, a key member of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, plays a vital role in regulating metabolic, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory

Decreased intake is induced by stressors such as parturition, transportation, dietary transitions, and disease. An important function of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) is to produce the antioxidant glutathione to help reduce oxidative stress. Although various components of OCM are expressed in the bovine rumen and small intestine, the relationship among reduced feed intake, one-carbon metabolism, and

Stress during the transition of beef steers from ranch to feedlot may depend on steer source and preconditioning. The interplay between physiological and behavioural patterns of preconditioned (PC) and auction-derived (AD) steers, particularly after commingling, is poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate whether hair cortisol (HC) concentrations were related to the health and performance of

Study objectives were to evaluate the effects of mitoquinol (MitoQ) on production parameters, gastrointestinal tract (GIT; stomach and small and large intestines) weight, and circulating leukocytes during a 24 h acute heat stress (HS) challenge. Crossbred gilts [n=32; 49.1±2.4 kg body weight (BW)] were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 environmental-therapeutic treatments: 1) thermoneutral

A total of 360 pigs (DNA 600 × 241; initially 5.8 kg) were used in a 45-d growth study to evaluate the effects of adding 25(OH)D3 with three levels of standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P on nursery pig growth performance, bone and urine characteristics, and serum vitamin D. Pigs were weaned at 19 d of age and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 12 replications

The immune response varies between pigs, as not all pigs have the same response to a stressor. This variation may exist between individuals due to body weight (BW) or body composition, which may impact the capacity for coping with an immune challenge (IC). Tryptophan (Trp), threonine (Thr), and methionine (Met) requirements might also play a considerable part in supporting immune system activation

Chickens are the most thoroughly domesticated vertebrate species, and after long-continued natural and artificial selection, they now show rich phenotypic diversity. In particular, feathered legs present in domestic chickens are a characteristic that is carefully selected by advanced breeders. Previous studies have identified the key mutations responsible for feathered legs on chromosomes 13 and 15;

The technical aspects of GPS sensors have been improved substantially over the years, making them valuable and popular tools for livestock tracking. Using GPS sensors allows producers and researchers to locate grazing livestock, monitor their behavior and distribution, and gather referencing information about the health status of the animals and pastures. However, interpreting the behavior of grazing

As an important post-translational modification, ubiquitination plays an important role in regulating protein homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. In our previous studies, both the transcriptome and proteome suggested that ubiquitination is involved in the formation of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). Here, affinity enrichment combined with liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)

In this study, pigs from 3 supply chains were slaughtered in an Australian summer and winter (n = 20 for each supply chain). The pigs were from 2 sexes (female and castrated male) and 2 carcass weight groups (high: 95.0 to 100.0 kg and low: 75.0 to 80.0 kg). From each carcass, the Biceps femoris (BF), Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), and Triceps brachii (TB) were excised at 24 h postmortem,

Stevia, a perennial shrub from the genus Stevia in the Asteraceae family, contains active ingredients like chlorogenic acid and shows promise as a natural feed additive. Despite this potential, there is limited research on the impact of stevia extract specifically on yellow-feather broilers. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary stevia extract with varying concentrations of chlorogenic

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of extrusion on the chemical compositions, surface structure, and molecular structure of brewer’s spent grain (BSG), as well as to determine the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy, and amino acid (AA) digestibility of extruded BSG when fed to growing pigs. Firstly

The objective was to evaluate increasing standard ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) and metabolizable energy (ME) above recommended inclusion levels fed to young (parity 1-2) and mature (parity 3-5) lactating sows. A total of 741 sows (371 parity 1-2, 370 parity 3-5) were fed in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design. Factors included SID Lys (0.85% vs 1.11%)

Incubation temperature is a crucial environmental factor affecting embryonic development and chick quality. Metabolism during the embryonic stage, particularly liver lipid metabolism, is essential for the growth and development of poultry. This study aimed to investigate the effects of embryo thermal manipulation with high (TMH, 39.5°C, 65% RH, 8 h/d) and low (TML, 20°C, 65% RH, 1 h/d) temperatures

Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that particle size of field peas and location where peas are grown do not affect apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy (NE), apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch, or standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino

Young animals are highly susceptible to intestinal damage due to incomplete intestinal development, making them vulnerable to external stimuli. Weaning stress in piglets, for instance, disrupts the balance of intestinal microbiota and metabolism, triggering intestinal inflammation and resulting in gut damage. Caffeic acid (CA), a plant polyphenol, can potentially improve intestinal health. Here, we

Protein kinase A (PKA) plays an important role in cellular life activities. Recently, PKA was found to bind to inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (IκB), a key protein in the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway, to form a complex involved in the regulation of inflammatory response. However, the role of PKA in the anti-inflammatory of goose fatty liver is still unclear. A total of 14 healthy 70-day-old

Fermented liquid feed (FLF) can improve dietary nutrient absorption levels, degrade anti-nutrient factors in diets, and increase beneficial bacteria abundance in animal guts. However, few systematic studies have been conducted on WFLF in pigs. The present study evaluates the effects of WFLF on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gastric volume, intestinal morphology, intestinal health,

The objectives were to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) content and corn grain processing on whole-body urea kinetics and the functional roles of urea transporter-B (UT-B) and aquaporins (AQP) in serosal-to-mucosal urea flux (Jsm-urea) in ovine ruminal epithelia. Thirty-two Rideau-Arcott ram lambs were blocked by bodyweight into groups of 4 and then randomly allocated within blocks

This study aimed to characterize the effects of different dietary forms of supplemental manganese (Mn) on hepatic lipid deposition, gene expression, and enzyme activity in liver fat metabolism in 42-day-old broiler chickens. In total 420 one day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (rooster: hen = 1:1) were assigned randomly based on body weight and sex to one of six treatments (ten replicate cages per treatment

The objective of this study was to determine the effects that increasing doses of encapsulated butyric acid and zinc (BZ) have on feedlot steer growth performance, rumen morphometrics and small intestine histology (data not statistically analyzed), dietary net energy utilization, and carcass characteristics. Steers [n = 272; shrunk body weight (BW) = 360 kg ± 74 kg] were assigned to dietary treatments

Betaine supplementation in dairy cattle has gained attention due to its potential benefits to production and health as a methyl donor, which can play a crucial role in the metabolism of dairy cows. The objective of the current meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of betaine supplementation on milk production, composition, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA).

The beneficial effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on the intestine have been widely reported, including anti-inflammation, antioxidant, maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier, and treatment of intestinal injury. However, the specific mechanism of XOS in mitigating intestinal injury in weaned piglets remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the specific mechanism of XOS in mitigating

Endemic and epidemic outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are causing large economic losses in commercial pig production worldwide. Given the complexity of controlling this disease with vaccines or other biosecurity measures, the selection for pigs with a natural resilience to this infection has been proposed as an alternative approach. In this context, we previously

The objective of the present experiment was to determine the minimum adaptation period for total tract digestibility experiments in gestating and lactating sows using the indigestible index method. Five gestating and 5 lactating sows at parities 3 to 5 were used. An indigestible index of 0.5% chromic oxide was supplemented to a diet based on corn and soybean meal. The daily feed allowance for gestating

This study investigated the effects of feeding clinoptilolite (CLN; 2.5% of diet DM) with a particle size of either 30- or 400-µm on ruminal fermentation characteristics, measures of nitrogen (N) utilization, and manure ammonia-N (NH3) emissions in feedlot cattle. The impact of directly applying 30- or 400-µm CLN to the pen surface (2,250 kg/ha) on manure NH3-N emissions was also evaluated. Six beef

Measuring dairy cattle methane (CH4) emissions using traditional recording technologies is complicated and expensive. Prediction models, which estimate CH4 emissions based on proxy information, provide an accessible alternative. This review covers the different modelling approaches taken in the prediction of dairy cattle CH4 emissions and highlights their individual strengths and limitations. Following

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the energy partition patterns of growing pigs fed diets with different net energy (NE) levels based on machine learning methods, and to develop prediction models for the NE requirement of growing pigs. Twenty-four Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred barrows with an initial body weight of 24.90 ± 0.46 kg were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments

The study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing polyclonal antibodies (PAP) of avian origin against the ruminal methanogens Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii Ho (PAP-Ho) and M. ruminantium M1 (PAP-M1) on ruminal fermentation profile and methane production in Angus crossbred cattle (13 steers and 1 heifer). The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with a 3 × 2 + 1 factorial

Four hundred and eighty newly weaned pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; Genus, Hendersonville, TN) with an initial body weight (BW) of 6.20 ± 0.61 kg were used in a dose-response study to investigate the impact of increasing standardized ileal digestible (SID) Arg:Lys on nursery pig growth performance. At weaning, pigs were placed into 48 pens with five barrows and five gilts per pen. Pens were randomly assigned

The choice of the calcium (Ca) source in pig diets and the addition of formic acid may affect the gastrointestinal inositol phosphate (InsP) degradation and thereby, phosphorus (P) digestibility in pigs. This study assessed the effects of different Ca sources (Ca carbonate, Ca formate), exogenous phytase, and chemical acidification on InsP degradation, nutrient digestion and retention, blood metabolites

Nitrogen and phosphorus excretion are major sources of environmental contamination in growing-finishing pig operations. Nutrient excretion can be reduced by feeding pigs daily-tailored diets to their estimated nutrient requirements using individual precision feeding (IPF) techniques. This study modeled and evaluated the environmental impact of moving from conventional group three-phase feeding (CGF)

Brewer’s dried yeast has a high nutritional value and has long been utilized by the animal feed industry as a source of protein, B-complex vitamins, and minerals. Brewer’s dried yeast is also rich in bioactive compounds and may thereby be used as a functional ingredient, providing benefits beyond that of its nutrient content. Canola meal is a high-fiber ingredient that also has unique properties, especially

The study aimed to determine the effects of a postbiotic feeding program consisting of liquid and dry Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on ruminal fermentation, digestibility, and plasma metabolome of Holstein steers receiving a grain-based diet. Eight Holstein steers (Body weight; BW 467 ± 13.9 kg) equipped with rumen cannulas were used in a crossover design study, with 21 d per

This experiment evaluated health, physiological, and performance responses of high-risk cattle administered the maternal bovine appeasing substance (mBAS) during feedlot receiving. Angus-influenced, newly weaned male calves (n = 120) were purchased from an auction facility. Calves arrived at the research feedyard on d -1 and body weight (BW) was recorded upon arrival (199 ± 1 kg). Calves were ranked

The issue of global warming, primarily fueled by anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, necessitates effective strategies to address methane (CH4) emissions from both ruminants and nonruminants. Drawing inspiration from successful approaches employed in ruminants, this study evaluates the impact of supplementing the diets of Taiwan's native black-feathered chickens with alfalfa meal and sorghum

The Dezhou donkey is a famous local donkey breed in China. The aim of the present study was to identify the genes associated with the body size traits of the Dezhou donkey and facilitate the breeding activities of the donkeys. A total of 349 donkeys from two generations (113 individuals in F0 and 236 in F1) were analyzed with restriction-site associated DNA-sequencing. A genome-wide association study

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the exposure to daily maximum and temperature-humidity index (THI) and to daily THI fluctuations (∆THI = maximum THI – minimum THI) at exposure periods comprising 2 d before birth to birth (-2 d), birth date (0 d), birth to 2 d of age (+2 d), and birth to 7 d of age (+7 d) on serum total proteins (STP), transfer of passive immunity (TPI), and

Livestock producers would benefit from more precise predictions of the growth response from nutrients consumed. Previously published models are often limited by the realities of data collection and are unable to account for alterations to body composition, due in part to the response of visceral organs to an alternate diet. The computerized tomography (CT) scanning of lambs enables the analysis of

Consumption of toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue results in poor reproductive performance in domestic livestock. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the effects of ergovaline exposure during mid-gestation (days 93 through 188 of gestation) on dam performance, the growing female fetus, and the subsequent growth and reproductive performance of the gestationally-exposed heifer calves. Pregnant

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of mid-gestational maternal inflammation on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of offspring. Pregnant gilts were administered either lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n=7) or saline (CON, n=7) from d 70-84 of gestation. Gilts assigned to the LPS treatment were administered an intravenous injection of reconstituted LPS every other

Soybean meal is known to be able to cause intestinal damage and dysfunction in early-weaned piglets. However, research on natural compounds that can alleviate these effects is scarce. In this study, the effect of luteolin, a flavonoid natural plant polyphenol, on intestinal health of piglets fed on soybean meal based diet was explored. A total of eighteen 21-day-old piglets were selected and randomly

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of increasing the inclusion of dry-rolled hybrid rye (HR) as a replacement for dry-rolled barley grain (DRB) on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, and the site and extent of nutrient digestion for finishing cattle. Eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated Hereford-cross heifers were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with 21-d periods including

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium strains that is harmful to the intestinal health of animals and is widely present in contaminated crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic target of ZEN-induced jejunal damage in weaned gilts. Sixteen weaned gilts either received a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 3.0 mg/kg

Objectives of this experiment were to characterize the effects of ram plane of nutrition on body composition, concentrations of hormones and metabolites, sperm characteristics, and offspring outcomes. Mature Rambouillet rams (n = 24, BW = 82.9 ± 2.63 kg) were individually housed and randomly assigned to either a positive (POS; n = 8), maintenance (MAINT; n = 8), or negative (NEG; n = 8) plane of nutrition

This experiment evaluated performance, health, and physiological responses of high-risk steers receiving a Bacillus-based probiotic during a 90-d grazing period. A total of 240 Angus-influenced steers were used in this experiment that was replicated over 2 yr (120 steers/year). Each year, steers were obtained from an auction yard and transported to the experimental facility (120 km). Steer body weight

Gestating sows are often fed a single diet throughout their gestation cycle, leading to situations of nutrients deficiency or excess at the individual level. The purpose of this study was to characterize, over 3 consecutive cycles, the impact of a precision feeding (PF), i.e. dietary supplies adjusted at individual level in terms of quantity (energy intake) and quality (standardized ileal digestible

This study aimed to investigate the nutritional and functional roles of β-mannanase on the intestinal health and growth of newly weaned pigs fed a typical or low-cost formulated feeds. Twenty-four newly weaned pigs at 6.2 kg ± 0.4 body weight (BW) were allotted to three dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design with sex and initial body weight as blocks. Three dietary treatments

Acetic acid, which is one of the most abundant short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in rabbits’ cecum, has been reported to play an important function during various physiological metabolic processes. The present study was conducted to elucidate the effects of sodium acetate on growth performance and intestinal health by evaluating feed intake and efficiency, diarrhoea score, serum and cecum metabolites

Each year in Australia, 53% of lamb mortalities are attributed to dystocia, with subclinical maternal calcium deficiencies likely contributing to dystocia rates. A negative dietary cation and anion difference (DCAD) diet has increased circulating calcium in sheep. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing twin-bearing, grazing ewes with a negative DCAD partial mixed ration

Recent study showed that zinc (Zn) and amino acid transporters may be involved in enhancing Zn absorption from Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength (Zn-Prot M) in the duodenum of broilers. However, the specific mechanisms by which Zn-Prot M promotes the above Zn absorption are unknown. Therefore, in this study, three experiments were conducted to investigate specific and direct effects of

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of initiating alfalfa supplementation at either 14 or 42 days of age on growth performance, blood parameters, rumen tissue gene expression, and epithelial microbiota in pre-weaning lambs. A total of 42 seven-day-old male Hu lambs (3.88 ± 0.92 kg) were selected for this study. After 7 d of adjustment period, six lambs were slaughtered at 14 d of age