Plant disease negatively impacts food production and quality. It is crucial to detect and recognise plant diseases correctly. Traditional approaches do not offer a rapid and comprehensive management system for detecting plant diseases. Deep learning techniques (DL) have achieved encouraging results in discriminating patterns and anomalies in visual samples. This ability provides an effective method

Melon grafting represent an increasingly important strategy against biotic and abiotic stresses. hybrid rootstocks have been extensively developed for this purpose, but it is necessary to find new alternatives. In this work, several experimental rootstocks of cultivated and wild resources from the and genera have been evaluated using Piel de Sapo melon as scion. rootstocks tended to increase fruit

This study sought to corroborate microwave remote sensing and simulation models to efficiently delineate groundnut cultivation area and to estimate the yield by integration. Near real-time information on crop acreage and yield estimation is essential for making policy decisions. S1A SAR data were downloaded for entire crop growth period of groundnut during Kharif monsoon seasons (June – October) of

Satellite data’s reliability, uniformity, and global scanning capabilities have revolutionized agricultural monitoring and crop management. However, the presence of clouds in satellite images can obscure useful information, rendering them difficult to infer. Aiming at the problem of cloud cover, this study presents a SpatioSpectral Generative Adversarial Network (SSGAN) approach for effectively eliminating

Climate change (CC), a long-term change in the average weather patterns that determine the Earth's climate, has a large and significant impact on agricultural systems, especially in Mediterranean climate regions (MCRs), which are characterized by mild and wet winters and warm and dry summers with increased drought and high temperature events, water deficits, and changes in precipitation patterns. Global

Due to climate disruption and delayed onset of rains, maize is often sown late, outside the optimal window, increasing the impact of pests such as fall armyworm and reducing yields. Identifying optimal sowing dates and the best genotypes is crucial to maximise yields while limiting fall armyworm (FAW) damage. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate yield and FAW damage variation in relation to

Agriculture is a key contributor to environmental degradation and to global change. Consequently, the design of sustainable agricultural systems and the assessment of their relevance is a major priority for European agriculture. Different cropping systems, with variable objectives and constraints, can be used in cereal production in Spain. This study focused in comparing three winter barley cropping

Accurate monitoring of crop organ biomass facilitates optimizing agronomic strategies to maximize yield or economic benefit. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is extensively employed for aboveground biomass (AGB) monitoring at the farm scale, but previous studies have mostly concentrated on total AGB rather than individual organ biomass. Furthermore, film-mulched crops, a widely used cropping pattern in

Emerging biorefinery technologies can lead to new applications and new markets for various types of crop biomass. This may allow significant changes in agricultural production from crop rotations dominated by annual grain and seed crops towards annual or perennial cropping systems composed with the aims of higher biomass yield and environmental sustainability. In this study, we investigated 7 annual

The recent exponential growth of craft beer sector led many brewers to seeking strategies to differentiate their beers from other similar products. For emerging hop-producing countries, one of these strategies relied on the use of local hops, thus taking advantage of the “terroir” effect. This market trend has increased the demand for raw materials from breweries, with positive effects on agricultural

In the current situation, climate change has substantially disturbed precipitation occurrence in the Mediterranean region, by increasing its variability and decreasing the total annual amount, which both negatively affect rainfed crop productivity. We hypothesize that a simple cost-effective method for enhancing crop adaptation to new climate conditions would consist of modifying the crop sowing date

Improvements of soil organic carbon and reduction of carbon footprint are critical for the sustainability of agricultural production system. In a 14-year (2006–2020) field experiment, we assessed the effects of conservational (reduced/zero) tillage and residue management (incorporation/retention) (CsT+RM) practices on carbon input, carbon sequestration, productivity and profitability rice-wheat system

Timely and precise farm inspection, which involves the identification and recognition of harmful insects and diseases, is crucial for safeguarding crop production. Traditional vision-based pest recognition methods typically require extensive annotated data for each pest species and a lengthy training process. This approach is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to human error. Zero-shot learning

Accurate identification and monitoring of sunflower capitula are crucial for field phenotypic analysis, cultivation management, phenological monitoring, and yield prediction. Manual observation, however, faces significant challenges due to the complexity of field environments and the morphological diversity of sunflower capitula. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as an ideal platform for

Contemporary crop research programs involve the evaluation of numerous micro-plots spread across extensive experimental fields. As a result, there is a growing need to depart from labor-intensive manual measurements when assessing phenological data. The growing significance of high throughput phenotyping platforms (HTTP), including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has rendered these technologies essential

Organic mulching is a well-known management practice that conserves soil water and nutrients as well as increases crop yield. Nonetheless, research on combined organic mulching using oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and irrigation is limited. Field-based experiments were conducted over three seasons to test the sole and combined effects of EFB as organic mulch and irrigation on the growth, total dry

Nitrogen (N) deficiency has detrimental effects on productivity and the profit of producers in areas where signal grass [ (Stapf) R.D. Webster (syn. Stapf.)] cv. Basilisk is grown for seed production. The objective of this paper was to clarify the effects of indicators of signal grass plant N status on seed yield (SY), SY components, yield formation, seed quality, panicle growth parameters, and remobilization

A proportion of potassium (K) exits grassland-based dairy farms in tradeable products. Potassium imports are typically needed to offset depletion of soil reserves. The objectives of this study were to (i) quantify K entering and exiting a grassland-based dairy farm including K lost to water, (ii) to relate the balance between K entering and existing the farm to soil K fertility status in order to (iii)

Mixed farming systems play a crucial role in Australian agriculture, offering economic, social, and environmental advantages. However, these systems are vulnerable to climate change, characterized by rising temperatures and increased rainfall variability. We utilized the pre-calibrated AusFarm model, forced with daily climate data downscaled from 27 Global Climate Models, to simulate how climate change

The impact of excessive rainfall or waterlogging on maize growth and yield have been widely studied, but the effects of planting density and N management under waterlogging remain unknown. We observed the changes in maize yield caused by excessive rainfall via a short-term experiment (2017 to present) in Changchun (125°14.231′–125°14.914′ E, 43°56.603′–43°57.274′ N), China. The experiment was conducted

Plant stem is essential for the delivery of resources and has a great impact on plant lodging resistance and yield. However, how to accurately and efficiently extract structural information from crop stems is a big headache. In this study, we first established a Maize Stalk Cross-section Phenotype (MSCP) dataset containing anatomical information of 990 images from hand-cut transections of stalks. Then

While crop models are increasingly applied to large-scale areas, inadequate observation data make it difficult to calibrate the model’s phenological parameters at the regional scale. The present study proposed a simple mathematical method for estimating rice phenological parameters across spatial scales for the ORYZA model. The method establishes the cumulative function of the phenological parameters

Accurate estimation of wheat maturity date (MD) is helpful to make reasonable harvest planning and guarantee crop yield and quality. In this study, wheat phenology extracted from satellite images was assimilated into WheatGrow model to develop wheat maturity date estimation model. Theoretical uncertainty was introduced into assimilation system as the error covariance matrix of remote sensing observations

Soil organic matter (SOM) is crucial for karst ecosystems, affecting cropland health, climate change mitigation, and rocky desertification control. However, there are limited research on cropland SOM prediction in karst areas with complex topography and diverse microclimates. Here, we compared the performance of four machine learning algorithms—random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), multilayer

The timing of the transition between endodormancy and ecodormancy remains uncertain. However, with advancements in phenology modelling, we can now fit models which allow for variable transitions between chilling and forcing models. Previous studies have primarily focused on single-cultivar parameterisation, and few have explored multi-cultivar comparative modelling. In this paper, we address this gap

Grazing is a major driving force of biodiversity, functions and stability of alpine meadows. In selenium-deficient alpine meadows, moderate selenium supplementation can promote plant growth and increase selenium content within the food web. However, the combined effect of grazing and selenium (Se) addition on the stability of alpine meadow communities within selenium-deficient soil is still unclear

Cover crops (CCs) are recognised as valuable for weed management, while fallow soil between cash crop seasons likely increases weed presence. Weeds may offer similar ecosystem services as CCs, although they pose a risk of seedbank buildup. This study evaluated the impact of two winter CC systems (3-year triticale cultivation, TRIT; and a 3-year succession of rye, clover, and mustard, RCM) compared

Supplemental irrigation (SI) at critical growth stages is a practical way to mitigate water shortage of winter wheat in dryland. However, the yield performance after SI is unstable in different precipitation years. To obtain a better understanding about the applicability of SI in dryland, the utilization efficiency of precipitation and irrigation water (IUE) was divided into 5 sequential ratios: water

Crop diseases are increasingly causing devastating yield losses each year, posing a significant threat to global food security. Currently, fungicide treatment is one of the most effective measures to mitigate these disease-induced yield losses. Accurately predicting disease occurrence, onset timing, and development is critical for optimizing fungicide application schedules to achieve high efficacy

One of the most important agroclimatic variables for stone fruit production is winter chill accumulation. To estimate chill accumulation in locations where climatic data is not recorded, spatial interpolation is necessary. In this study, we compare different interpolation methods for mean and Safe Winter Chill (SWC) in a Mediterranean stone fruit production area (Region of Murcia, SE Spain) using data

Irrigation practices are important agronomic measures that influence maize yield and lodging resistance. However, the impact of irrigation practices on the spatial distribution of maize roots and stem traits, as well as their interaction with nitrogen application, remains unclear. This study examined the combined and single-factor effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the root distribution

Tea plant () is a major global crop consumed as a drink after water. Quantifying carbon flux, specifically the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), in tea plantations is essential for determining carbon sequestration and ecosystem carbon balance. The Eddy covariance (EC) system is widely used for continuous monitoring of carbon flux but high costs associated with installation and maintenance limit its widespread

Model parameters in mechanistic process-based crop models are broadly classified into general parameters (environmental, management, and parameters related to soil processes), species-specific parameters, and cultivar-dependent parameters. While general and species-specific parameters typically remain unchanged, identifying cultivar-dependent parameters is crucial during calibration. With the continuous

Revealing the characteristics of crop water use in arid and semi-arid areas and clarifying the differences in crop species and water use between provinces will help propose measures to promote sustainable agricultural development from the perspective of efficient crop water use, which is crucial for ensuring global food security. In this study, taking arid and semi-arid Northwest China as an example

Silvopastoral systems integrate trees, pastures, and animals aiming for sustainable livestock production. The APSIM model has been used to simulate silvopastoral systems but the estimates of light transmission through the tree canopies, belowground water competition, and their effects on pasture production, have not been well adjusted. Thus, we improved the simulation of pasture growth within a silvopastoral

Soil moisture content (SMC) acquisition is vital for crop stress diagnosis and precision irrigation. However, UAV remote sensing-based SMC monitoring usually suffers from low accuracy and spatio-temporal applicability. To address these issues, this study integrated crop physiological spectral response features into an ensemble learning model. A two-year field experiment (2022–2023) was conducted. First

The current study aims to investigate the optimal substitution rate of inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilization practices to reduce NO emission without yield penalty in rainfed maize and to explore its denitrifier regulating mechanisms. A field study started in 2016 was continued in 2020 and 2021 by using five organic nitrogen (N) fertilizer substitution treatments, including 0 % (T1), 50.0 %

Integrated weed management (IWM) promotes the combination of non-chemical techniques to achieve sustainable weed control while reducing the reliance on herbicides. However, IWM strategies reducing both herbicide and tillage intensity remain unsatisfactory, leading to weed-induced yield loss. In this study, five different IWM strategies were implemented for three years (2020–2022), aiming at reducing

Due to climate change, flooding disasters accompanied by high temperatures (FL-HT) are becoming increasingly common during cotton growing seasons, severely restricting cotton production. However, the characteristics and impacts of cotton FL-HT have rarely been investigated at the regional scale. In this work, based on existing field FL-HT research, we employed daily air temperatures and an agrometeorological

Although one-time application of a single polymer-coated urea (PCU) can minimize the N loss in paddy field and improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in relative to rapid-release urea (RU), it shows a uncertainty in increasing rice yield. There is a proposal that one-time application of PCU mixed with RU can synergistically increase grain yield and NUE. However, few studies focus on the response of

Irrigation has played a pivotal role in Chinese wheat production and is becoming increasingly crucial in adapting to the changing climate. However, the benefits of water-saving wheat production in the long-term period and its response to climate change have received limited attention. In this study, a 6-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the grain yield and water use with three treatments

Global climate change has profound impacts on agricultural production, and it includes increasing temperature, global dimming, altered precipitation patterns, and elevated CO concentration. However, the comprehensive assessment of the impact of different individual climatic factors and their interactions on crop production is relatively limited. Here we assessed the impacts of climate change and different

Water scarcity is a problem that affects agricultural production around the world. Increasing forage production in the semiarid region is necessary to maintain animal production, and consequently food security. Different agronomic management can improve growth and productivity responses and the water-economic indexes of the crop. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate how the management of density

In the face of rapid population growth, scarce water resources, and changing climate conditions, smallholders confront significant challenges in maintaining the productivity of their agroecosystems. Traditional irrigation methods are often expensive and inefficient, limiting the potential for increasing crop yields. To address these issues, this study designed a subsurface irrigation system with ceramic

Intercropping system has been widely applied in the agricultural production worldwide. However, the difference in agricultural productivity in tomato–corn intercropping system with different spatial arrangements has not been determined. Meanwhile, the existing intercropping models cannot precisely capture inter-species crop growth dynamics. Therefore, a 10-year (2010–2019) experimental field study

Lodging caused by overgrowth significantly reduces crop yields worldwide annually. Plant growth retardants (PGRts) as a chemical intervention widely adopted in agricultural practices provide an effective strategy to mitigate lodging and control excessive growth. However, the diversity of PGRts and the limited research on their soil environmental safety necessitate comprehensive evaluation. To address

Technology development has progressed in recent decades in terms of breeding and agronomy of major crops such as wheat, rice, and maize. Nevertheless, production of these major crops is under pressure from climate change and threats of marginal soil nutrients in degraded agricultural lands. Underutilized crops are identified as resilient to local environments that can cope with climatic variations

Timely determination of weed distributions in fields is crucial for the precise spraying of herbicides. This facilitates weed control while saving costs and protecting the environment. Existing weed detection strategies often rely on the utilization of numerous weed samples to train detection models directly, which presents challenges in situations involving limited weed samples. To address this issue

Spring frost is one of major agro-meteorological disasters impacting apple production. Previous studies focused on the impacts of spring frost during the flowering period on apples, however, the frost events occurring at both pre- and post-flowering phases have significant impacts on apples. Our study employed four phenology models (parallel model, M1 model, sequential model, and growing degree hour

To meet the increasing global demand for edible oils, enhancing seed yield and quality of winter rapeseed ( L.) through organic fertilizers is a highly effective strategy. But the impact of long-term organic fertilizer on rapeseed lodging is most often ignored, leading to considerable knowledge gaps. To fill this gap, a 3-year field experiment (from 2018 to 2021) started in 2012 was performed. The

Controlled loss urea (CLU) as a new type of nitrogen fertilizer has attracted much attention due to its significant advantages in saving labor costs, increasing crop yield, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and protecting ecological environment of farmland. However, there have still been few reports on mechanism of successive controlled loss urea application affecting crop yield, NUE and economic

Mediterranean cropping systems, characterised by continuous cereal cropping, are largely dependent on synthetic inputs, such as N fertilisers. On the other hand, they face difficult pedoclimatic conditions, exacerbated by climate change. Diversification is seen as a way to increase cropping systems resilience. The aim of this study was to co-design diversified cropping systems based on the expertise

In the context of global food security and climate change, intercropping has been proposed as an effective agricultural practice to improve crop productivity and land use efficiency. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the total yield potential, land equivalent ratio, and economic benefits of one annual medic ( L.) and two alfalfa ( L.) cultivars intercropped with camelina [ (L.) Crantz]

Increasing soybean seed production and obtaining more vegetable oil and vegetable protein are important measures to ensure global food security. The Huang-Huai-Hai region is the main production area of high-quality and high-protein soybeans in China. No-tillage with straw mulching seeding technology is a new soybean planting mode in this area, which can significantly improve seed yield. However, the

Silk extension determines the timing of silking, subsequent pollination and kernel setting, which has not been accounted in functional-structural plant (FSP) modelling for maize. In this study, a two-year field experiment with two local maize hybrids i.e. AnNong 591 (referred to as AN591) and ZhongDan 909 (referred to as ZD909) was carried out in Hefei, Anhui Province, China in both 2019 and 2020.

High yield, good eating quality, and high nitrogen (N) use efficiency present challenges in cultivating medium hybrid rice. We hypothesized that balanced source-sink relationships are key traits for achieving high yield, good eating quality, and high N use efficiency in medium hybrid rice under suitable N management regimes. Three field experiments were conducted with two medium hybrid rice cultivars

Green manure being return to fields has been widely used in arid areas, as an effective technical measure to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield. Although a large number of studies have shown that green manure return to field can promote crop yield increase, the physiological mechanism of different green manure return methods to promote crop yield increase has not been well explained. This

Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is emerging as a promising measure to achieve sustainable agriculture with high crop yields and low environmental risks. How much synthetic nitrogen fertilizer can be replaced by each unit of organic fertilizer? How to balance the economic benefits against the environmental risks? There is still a lack of long-term field observations

The use of super-intensive orchards is a growing trend in fruit production. The present study aims to improve management of these cropping systems by focusing on how agronomic decisions impact orchard dynamics in the short to medium term and by providing a decision-support approach based on stable temporal patterns from previous seasons. A multitemporal study using remote sensing and LiDAR was conducted

Applying concepts from natural ecosystem ecology, particularly through diversified cropping systems that integrate woody crops with other crops, can enhance agrobiodiversity and significantly contribute to multifunctional agriculture. The ecological and, more recently, the agronomic literature have indicated that functional trait aspects of diversity offer a more comprehensive explanation for ecosystem