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Integrative effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil functions, nitrogen use efficiency, and wheat productivity depend on tillage intensities Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-02-12 Kashif Akhtar, Ivica Djalovic, Sajjad Zaheer, Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Riaz, P. V. Vara Prasad, Ronghui Wen
Nitrogen (N) management and tillage practices influenced sustainability of agricultural systems. We conducted field studies to test the response of the combined organic and inorganic N management on soil properties, N use efficiency (NUE), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production under different tillage intensities in a semiarid climatic conditions. The experiment was designed on a split plot arrangement
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Identification of stem rust resistance genes in monogenic lines derived from wheat cultivar Waldron Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-02-11 Daryl L. Klindworth, Jyoti Saini Sharma, Justin D. Faris, Timothy L. Friesen, Amanda R. Peters Haugrud, Steven S. Xu
The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Waldron carries at least six genes for resistance to stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f.sp. tritici Eriks. and Henn. (Pgt). The identity and map location of some of these genes are known, but there is limited knowledge of SrWld1, an important gene that conditions resistance to all North American Pgt races. Our objective was to identify and
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Exploring differentially expressed genes and associated biological processes across embryos with different seed dormancy in barley (Hordeum vulgare) Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-02-11 Yuta Aoyagi Blue, Hideki Hirakawa, Youko Oono, Shingo Nakamura
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) has a wide range of seed dormancy. Seed dormancy is a crucial trait for plant survival and crop production. To explore genes and functions associated with the difference in barley seed dormancy, we performed differentially expressed gene and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses on seed embryos from a wild barley accession H602 with strong dormancy, a cultivated malting barley
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Mutation of Ehd1 prolongs basic vegetative growth periods to boost biomass and grain yield in rice Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-02-07 Limin Wang, Jiahui Zhu, Jiaoyan Liu, Jiatao Zhan, Yuechen Li, Ru Wang, Huiwu Tang
Heading date is a pivotal agronomic trait that influences grain yield, and it is determined by florigen genes. However, the regulation of heading date and its impact on other agronomic traits remain to be fully understood. In this study, we identified a mutant named late‐flowering and big panicle 1 (lbp1) in rice; we surveyed the growth and yield traits in lbp1. Changes in gene expression between lbp1
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Conserved cis‐acting motifs and localization of MFT2 transcripts and MFT2 protein in barley and rice Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Shigeko Utsugi, Hiroyuki Kawahigashi, Akemi Tagiri, Rie Kikuchi, Kohei Mishina, Hiromi Morishige, Shingo Nakamura
Pre‐harvest sprouting, in which grain germinates while still on the spikes, causes substantial yield and quality losses, particularly in regions where the rainy season and harvest times overlap. Breeders have used a natural mutation in the A‐box motif in the promoter of wheat (Triticum aestivum) MFT2 gene on chromosome 3A (TaMFT‐3A) to prevent pre‐harvest sprouting in wheat cultivars in East Asia.
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Photosynthesis‐driven yield gains in global wheat breeding trials Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Qiansu Ding, Xiaoxing Zhen, Walid Sadok
Increasing wheat yields is critical to meet the demands of a growing population and ensure socioeconomic stability. Rising photosynthesis is being proposed as a promising avenue to increase wheat yields, but evidence for this is conflicting across studies. To test the viability of this hypothesis, here we report a systematic and quantitative literature review examining the association between historic
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Predicting inbred parent synchrony at flowering for maize hybrid seed production by integrating crop growth model with whole genome prediction Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-31 Anabelle Laurent, Eugenia Munaro, Honghua Zhao, Frank Technow, Eric Whitted, Randy Clark, Juan Pablo San Martin, Radu Totir
One of the challenges of maize (Zea mays) hybrid seed production is to ensure synchrony at flowering of the two inbred parents of a hybrid, which depends on the specific parental combination and environmental conditions of the production field. Maize flowering can be simulated using a mechanistic crop growth model that converts thermal time accumulation to leaf numbers based on inbred‐specific physiological
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Higher seed yield through selection for reduced seed shattering in Italian ryegrass Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-31 Jenny Kiesbauer, Roland Kölliker, Maria Hug, Meril Sindelar, Linda Helene Schlatter, Jonathan Ohnmacht, Bruno Studer, Christoph Grieder
Seed shattering, that is, the loss of seeds at ripening stage shortly before or during seed harvest, is strongly reducing seed yield in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility to reduce seed shattering within breeding germplasm via recurrent phenotypic selection on spaced plants. Starting from a founder population of 300 plants not previously
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Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) germplasm contains a cryptic second species (Vicia varia Host) Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-31 Neal Tilhou, Lisa Kissing Kucek, Virginia Moore, Solveig Hanson, Chris Reberg‐Horton, Matthew R. Ryan, Nancy Jo Ehlke, Amy Bartow, Brandon Carr, Joel Douglas, John Englert, John Raasch, Alyssa J. Woodard, Jamie Crawford, Ryan Crawford, Shahjahan Ali, Suresh Bhamidimarri, Steven Mirsky, Maria J. Monteros, Gerry Moore, Audrey V. Gamble, Nithya Rajan, Sruthi Narayanan, Erin R. Haramoto, Nicholas T. Basinger
Hairy vetch is a promising legume cover crop (Vicia villosa Roth) for the northern United States. Based on evidence from molecular markers, multi‐site evaluations, and morphological observations, a distinct second species exists within US hairy vetch germplasm, referred to hereafter as smooth vetch (Vicia varia Host). Morphologically, hairy vetch is highly variable, but this study found statistically
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Integrating UAV‐based multispectral remote sensing and machine learning for detection and classification of chocolate spot disease in faba bean Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Shirin Mohammadi, Anne Kjersti Uhlen, Heidi Udnes Aamot, Jon Arne Dieseth, Sahameh Shafiee
Chocolate spot (CS), caused by Botrytis fabae, is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) globally. This study evaluated 33 faba bean cultivars across two locations and over 2 years to assess genetic resistance and the effect of fungicide application on CS progression. The utility of unmanned aerial vehicle–mounted multispectral camera for disease monitoring
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Genetic analysis of forage, seed, and turf quality in tall fescue: Unraveling inheritance patterns and interrelationships Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-27 Fatemeh Pirnajmedin, Mohammad Mahdi Majidi, Maryam Safari
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. syn. Lolium arundinaceum), an important cool‐season grass, has limited understanding regarding its genetic inheritance patterns and the potential for simultaneous selection across forage, seed, and turf traits. In this study, 24 half‐sib families derived from polycrosses, along with their corresponding parental genotypes, were assessed for different agro‐morphological
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Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] genetic diversity and population structure assessed through next‐generation sequencing technologies: Restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-21 Nsovo H. Baloyi, Alvera A. Voster, Pieter Swanepoel
The importance of underutilized crops in the diversification of diets for both humans and animals, among other uses, has been highlighted in literature in recent times. Underutilized crops are especially important because of their potential to provide nutrient‐packed, climate‐resilient, and sustainable farming practices. One such crop is Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc], whose genetic
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Integration of multi‐omics approaches reveals candidate genes for drought stress in St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-21 Carolina E. Weldt, Greta Rockstad, Gabriel de Siqueira Gesteira, Beatriz T. Gouveia, Robert E. Austin, Xingwang Yu, Susana R. Milla‐Lewis
There is growing demand across the turfgrass industry for turfgrasses that require minimal watering. St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze], a warm‐season turfgrass favored in the southeastern United States for its shade tolerance and vigorous stoloniferous growth, falls short in drought resistance. Integrating genomic and conventional breeding methodologies could accelerate the
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Detecting environmental trends to rethink soybean variety testing programs Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-20 João Leonardo Corte Baptistella, Carl Knuckles, Mark Wieberg, Germano Costa‐Neto, William Wiebold, André Froés de Borja Reis
Variety testing programs (VTPs) use multi‐environment trials (MET) to evaluate and report the performance of commercially available and pre‐commercial soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) varieties targeting a specific set of environments. Adequate modeling of the environmental variability and genotype–environment interactions (G × E) within the VTP would help farmers and seed companies decide which variety
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Characterization of differentiating lines of phytophthora in soybean Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-20 Guilherme dos Santos, Volmir Sergio Marchioro, Daniela Meira, Marcos Toebe, Giovani Benin
The objective of this study was the characterization of commercial cultivars, differentiating lines/cultivars of Phytophthora sojae carrying Rps (resistance Phytophthora Sojae) genes, inoculated with different pathotypes. Thirty‐one differentiating soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) lines/cultivars carrying Rps genes and six commercial cultivars were evaluated for virulence pattern to PS2.4, PS14
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Relating spatial turfgrass quality to actual evapotranspiration for precision golf course irrigation Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 Karem Meza, Alfonso F. Torres‐Rua, Lawrence Hipps, Kelly Kopp, Chase M. Straw, William P. Kustas, Laura Christiansen, Calvin Coopmans, Ian Gowing
Golf courses are increasingly affected by water scarcity and climate change. An understanding of spatial variability of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and turfgrass quality (TQ) site‐specific management zones (SSMZ) is important for the implementation of precision turfgrass management. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to quantify the relationship between remotely sensed TQ and ETa
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Chromosome 1 QTLs associated with response to bacterial leaf spot in Beta vulgaris Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 Audrey K. Morrison, Irwin L. Goldman
Bacterial leaf spot (BLS), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar aptata (Psa), is a seedborne, foliar disease affecting members of the Amaranthaceae and Cucurbitaceae families, including table beet and Swiss chard crops. There is no known resistance to BLS in beet or chard. A diversity panel, modified from the Wisconsin Beta Diversity Panel (WBDP) and comprised of 219 accessions from the Beta vulgaris
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An in‐silico approach exploring sorghum source:sink balance across sorghum hybrids: How many leaves are enough? Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 Lucia Marziotte, Ana J. P. Carcedo, Laura Mayor, P. V. Vara Prasad, Joaquín A. Peraza, Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Previous literature documented an imbalance for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] between source (leaves) and sink (grains), favoring the source. Therefore, reducing leaf number, anticipating maturity, and placing the dry‐down with more favorable environment might be advantageous for producers to fit another crop in the rotation. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate via in‐silico the effects
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QTL mapping of stem rust resistance in a Bill Brown/Gage winter wheat population Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-06 Tadele T. Kumssa, P. S. Baenziger, M. N. Rouse, Waseem Hussain, Vikas Belamkar, Stephen N. Wegulo, Jesse Poland
The wheat (Triticum spp.) stem rust pathogen, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn. (Pgt), has continued to be a devastating biotic stress in wheat production. Over previous decades, scientists have identified several resistance genes effective against Pgt. However, the ever‐evolving Pgt and low availability of durable resistance necessitates continuous identification and wise deployment
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Unveiling loose smut resistance in Indian bread wheat germplasm: Gene postulation and pedigree analysis Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2025-01-03 Divya Bhandhari, Ritu Bala, Puja Srivastava, Jaspal Kaur, Vineet Kumar Sharma
The present study is aimed at the postulation of Ut genes in loose smut‐resistant bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and establishing a correlation with their pedigree. Loose smut caused by Ustilago segetum tritici (Ust) is an internal seed‐borne disease of wheat that can be managed through chemical seed treatment. However, due to the absence of evident symptoms, seed treatment is not a regular
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Predictive analytics of selections of russet potatoes Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-28 Fabiana Ferracina, Bala Krishnamoorthy, Mahantesh Halappanavar, Shengwei Hu, Vidyasagar Sathuvalli
We explore the application of machine learning algorithms specifically to enhance the selection process of Russet potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) clones in breeding trials by predicting their suitability for advancement. This study addresses the challenge of efficiently identifying high‐yield, disease‐resistant, and climate‐resilient potato varieties that meet processing industry standards. Leveraging
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Performance and recovery of turfgrasses irrigated with varying crop coefficients Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-28 Elena Sevostianova, Dawn VanLeeuwen, Matteo Serena, Rossana Sallenave, Bernd Leinauer
Deficit irrigation is a water conserving practice that involves watering below an estimated evapotranspiration (ET) replacement level. Research is limited to comparing cool‐season (CS) and warm‐season (WS) turfgrass varieties grown in arid regions under varying deficit irrigation replacement levels. This study investigated the effects of five levels of reference evapotranspiration for short grass (ETOS)
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High plant density optimizes leaf stomatal traits for accelerating the stomatal response rate at the lower cotton canopy Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-28 Xilin Li, Xiaoming Li, Tong Zhang, Xiaofei Xue, Yunjing Dai, Zhangying Lei, Daohua He
Plants are often exposed to fluctuating light from a few seconds to a few minutes due to cloud movements, mutual shading of leaves, and change in the angle of the sun. Slow stomatal response to fluctuating light leads to carbon loss, but the influence of planting density on light fluctuation frequency and on stomatal response and carbon gain has yet to be fully explored. To fill this knowledge gap
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Trade‐offs between early planting and yellow rust resistance in wheat: Insights from screening experiments in the Indo‐Gangetic plain Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-26 Md. Farhad, Shashi B. Tripathi, Ravi P. Singh, Arun K. Joshi, Pradeep K. Bhati, Uttam Kumar
Wheat crops (Triticum aestivum) that are conventionally planted may exhibit susceptibility to yellow rust (YR). However, the disease can be mitigated if the crops are planted earlier than the recommended planting time. A wheat screening experiment was carried out at the Borlaug Institute of South Asia located in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The purpose of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of
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Robust genomic prediction and heritability estimation using density power divergence Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-23 Upama Paul Chowdhury, Ronit Bhattacharjee, Susmita Das, Abhik Ghosh
This manuscript delves into the intersection of genomics and phenotypic prediction, focusing on the statistical innovation required to navigate the complexities introduced by noisy covariates and confounders. The primary emphasis is on the development of advanced robust statistical models tailored for genomic prediction from single nucleotide polymorphism data in plant and animal breeding and multi‐field
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Special expression of alanine‐aminotransferase1 (OsAlaAT1) improves nitrogen utilization in wheat Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-20 Bo Jiao, Jiao Wang, Fushuang Dong, Fan Yang, Yongwei Liu, Lei Sun, Jianfang Chai, Shuo Zhou
Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for crop development and growth. However, nitrogen‐based fertilizer application not only increases the cost of crop production systems, but also causes serious environmental pollution and low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cereal crops. To enhance the NUE of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the transgenic approach was used to create a new variety. In this study
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Early‐season floral bud loss has little impact on the maturity, yield, and lint quality of high‐yielding Bt cotton crops Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-20 Paul R. Grundy, Kerry L. Bell
Protecting floral buds (squares) from insect damage in cotton during early growth is a priority for crop managers despite unclear implications for yield potential and increased system risks from early‐season insecticide use. This study was conducted to determine the compensatory responses of high‐yielding Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivars, following manual square damage
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Characterization of cool‐ and warm‐season turfgrass host suitability to annual bluegrass weevil (Listronotus maculicollis, Kirby) Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-19 Audrey Simard, Benjamin A. McGraw
The annual bluegrass weevil, Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, is considered the most destructive insect pest of short‐mown turfgrasses in northeastern North America. Poa annua L. is the preferred host plant, though the weevil can develop in other cool‐season (C3) turfgrasses such as bentgrasses (Agrostis spp. L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Recently, damaging populations have been reported
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Seed size has a major impact on fall seedling vigor in the cover crop hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Neal Tilhou, Lisa Kissing Kucek, Virginia Moore, Solveig Hanson, S. Chris Reberg‐Horton, Matthew R. Ryan, Nancy Ehlke, Amy Bartow, Brandon Carr, Joel Douglas, John Englert, Jamie Crawford, Ryan Crawford, Shahjahan Ali, Suresh Bhamidimarri, Steven Mirsky, Maria J. Monteros, Ryan Hayes, Heathcliffe Riday
Seedling vigor is a critical trait for successful cover crop varieties. Selection for seed size can impact fall seedling vigor in the cover crop hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth). Fall vigor and seed size measurements from 1239 plants and fall vigor measurements from 13,923 progeny across 25 different growing environments were used to calculate narrow sense heritabilities and identify relationships
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Association mapping of drought stress response for yield and quality traits in barley Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Suraj Sapkota, Eninka Mndolwa, Gongshe Hu, Jason Fiedler, Raja Sekhar Nandety, Craig H. Carlson, Kathy Esvelt Klos
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal crop grown worldwide for human consumption, malting, and animal feed. Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that reduce grain yield and quality in barley. This study was conducted to evaluate a set of 250 barley lines grown under irrigated, water‐stressed, and rainfed conditions and to identify genomic regions associated with 10 traits related to
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Physiological changes and molecular regulation in sweetpotato responses to low‐temperature stress Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Fangfang Mu, Hao Zheng, Qiaorui Zhao, Zongyun Li
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) is highly adaptable to different soils and climates, but it is more sensitive to cold due to its tropical origin. Low‐temperature stress is a key factor affecting storage and has a significant impact on sweetpotato quality. During sweetpotato storage, prolonged exposure to low temperatures causes chilling damage to the root system, altering its physiological functions
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Creation and identification of diploid and tetraploid interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa and Oryza barthii Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Zhaojian Song, Chaoqun Du, Pincang Lv, Zhenhua Qiao, Keyi Liu, Xianhua Zhang, Wei Wang, Yuchi He, Detian Cai
Wild rice species are invaluable resources for genetic improvement of cultivated rice. “Breeding super rice using double advantages of wide cross and polyploidization” is a novel pathway in rice breeding. To exploit the favorable genes of wild rice fully, a technical system composed of hormone treatment, repeated pollination, hybrid embryo rescue, and chromosome doubling was established for efficient
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BC204, a citrus‐based plant extract, stimulates plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum through regulation and signaling Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-14 J. Loubser, N. C. Le Maitre, A. P. Claassens, B. Coetzee, J. Kossmann, P. N. Hills
BC204 is a citrus‐based plant extract applied as a plant biostimulant on a variety of plant species in South Africa, China, and Australia. Although there are reports that it elicits physiological responses such as an increase in crop yield, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, and fruit quality, no molecular data are available to explain the specific mechanisms underlying these effects. In this study
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Development and validation of a quantitative PCR assay method to assess relative resistance of winter wheat to dwarf bunt at early growth stages Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-14 Belayneh A. Yimer, Rachel Patterson, Margaret R. Krause, Juliet Marshall
Dwarf bunt, caused by Tilletia controversa, is a major biotic constraint and grain contaminant in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The conventional approach for evaluating dwarf bunt resistance in wheat cannot be conducted until maturity. Hence, there is a need to develop a method to determine host resistance at an earlier growth stage. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
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Promoting rapeseed yield: Improving canopy structure and formation of large pod via adjusting planting density Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-14 Long Wang, Yiyang Li, Chen Qian, Jing Li, Guobing Lin, Wenting Qu, Yan Wang, Yaowei Lin, Yihang Huang, Jingdong Zheng, Jingjing You, Qingsong Zuo
Increasing planting density is a common practice to enhance rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield via an increase in pod quantity. However, excessive density may lead to a deterioration in pod quality. Therefore, we hypothesized that improving pod quality based on a certain level of pod quantity could further increase seed yield. A randomized block experiment was conducted with five density levels (2
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Genomic prediction of metabolic content in rice grain in response to warmer night conditions Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-14 Ye Bi, Harkamal Walia, Toshihiro Obata, Gota Morota
It has been argued that metabolic content can be used as a selection marker to accelerate crop improvement because metabolic profiles in crops are often under genetic control. Evaluating the role of genetics in metabolic variation is a long‐standing challenge. Rice, one of the world's most important staple crops, is known to be sensitive to recent increases in nighttime temperatures. Quantification
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Simulating sagebrush–cheatgrass plant community biomass production in the Great Basin using ALMANAC Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-14 Merilynn C. Schantz, James R. Kiniry, Amber S. Williams, Kelly R. Thorp, Beth Newingham, Stuart P. Hardegree, C. Jason Williams, Kirk W. Davies, Roger L. Sheley
Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is a widespread species of concern throughout the western US, as it dominates many low‐elevation rangelands and continues to spread annually. As a winter annual grass, however, cheatgrass can produce high‐quality and cheap protein forage for livestock early in the growing season. Estimating biomass can lead to better management in these western United States and Great Basin
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Forage production in tall fescue and kikuyugrass mixed swards subjected to different defoliation strategies Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-14 Fábio L. Winter, Maria G. Pittaro, Daniel Schmitt, Valentina Y. M. Moncada, Guilherme R. de Mello, Tiago Miqueloto, Angela Bernardon, Daniel A. Barreta, Pedro A. Garzón‐Camacho, André F. Sbrissia
In some temperate climate regions, co‐cultivation of warm‐ and cool‐season perennial grass species represents a promising alternative for sustainable food production. However, managing these pastures is challenging, particularly because of intra‐annual competition, which can lead to some species suppressing others. This 3‐year study investigated the effects of different defoliation strategies on mixed
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As grain mineral densities have declined over time, have densities converged across wheat classes?—Insights from the US Pacific Northwest and worldwide benchmarks Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Curtis B. Adams, Teepakorn Kongraksawech, Andrew Ross, Dan S. Long, Clark Neely, Juliet Marshall, Ryan Graebner, Catherine L. Reardon, Xi Liang
Studies have generally shown that grain mineral density is lower in modern wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) compared to historic germplasm. The conclusion of a limited study from the US Pacific Northwest (PNW) was that grain mineral density of soft white wheat (SWW) had declined over time to meet already‐low mineral density of hard red wheat (HRW), though little else is known about this. Therefore, the
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Agronomic value of alfalfa semi‐hybrids across contrasting Italian environments Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Paolo Annicchiarico, Luciano Pecetti, Nicolò Franguelli
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) semi‐hybrids of genetically distant material may display heterosis, but their agronomic value is hardly known. Our study evaluated two two‐way and one three‐way semi‐hybrids and two synthetic varieties for 3‐year herbage dry‐matter yield (DMY) in four agricultural environments of Northern Italy formed by the factorial combination of irrigated or rain‐fed cropping by pure
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Surfactant toxicity and synergistic activity with pyrethroids in managing resistant Listronotus maculicollis Kirby populations Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Garrett Y. Price, Benjamin A. McGraw
This study investigates the efficacy of surfactants as a means to manage the annual bluegrass weevil, Listronotus maculicollis, particularly in populations demonstrating resistance to pyrethroids. Laboratory assays evaluated L. maculicollis adult mortality when exposed to 13 unique turfgrass surfactant classes alone and in combination with a low rate of bifenthrin. Results from dose–response assays
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AMMI and GGE biplot analysis of seed protein concentration, yield, and 100‐seed weight for chickpea cultivars and breeding lines in the US Pacific Northwest Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Priyanka Joshi, George Vandemark
Greater global demand for plant‐based protein has made increasing protein concentration in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) an important breeding objective. In this study, 17 kabuli chickpea genotypes were evaluated for seed protein concentration (SPC), yield, and 100‐seed weight (HSW). All entries were planted in 2020 and 2021 at four locations in Washington. The mean of all entries for SPC was 20.3%
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Discriminatory dose determination for DMI fungicides for Clarireedia jacksonii and mycelial growth variation across active ingredients Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 M. M. Kahiu, J. E. Kaminski
In addition to cultural practices, dollar spot disease management requires frequent application of fungicides. Demethylation inhibitor (DMIs) fungicides are applied repeatedly to manage dollar spot in turfgrass systems. This facilitates reduction in DMI fungicide sensitivity among Clarireedia spp. populations. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify EC50 and relative mycelial growth (RMG)
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On the usefulness of genomic selection for rice ratoon performance in early breeding stages Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Karina Lima Reis Borges, Maria Guadalupe Montiel, Tommaso Cerioli, Brijesh Angira, Adam Famoso, Roberto Fritsche‐Neto
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ratooning, a sustainable production system involves regrowing a second rice crop and it is a very common practice in southwest United States. Employing modern tools such as genomic selection (GS) can enhance breeding efficiency by enabling early selection. The Louisiana State University Rice Breeding Program has traditionally focused on developing superior varieties for the Louisiana's
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Velvet: An alternative high‐yielding peppermint clone for oil production Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Nestor Kippes, Darrin Culp, Robert G. Wilson, Eric Dowd, Luca Comai, Isabelle M. Henry
Peppermint oil is one of the most widely recognized natural flavors. It is mainly produced commercially by extraction from two main types of cultivars: Black Mitcham (Mentha × piperita L.), a sterile polyploid and the backbone of peppermint oil production in the United States, and Arvensis (Mentha arvensis L.), the main cultivar used for peppermint oil extraction in India. Here, we present the identification
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Endogenous GABA levels decrease during grain maturation in wheat and do not play a role in the germination of immature grain Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Eiko Himi
It has been known that gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is increased in germinating seeds such as those of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Techniques such as ninhydrin reaction method and high‐performance liquid chromatography are used to quantify GABA levels. However, these methods require multiple steps and make it difficult to analyze multiple samples simultaneously. In this study, an enzyme‐based assay
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Optimum legume proportion for plant and animal production in a subtropical grassland Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Nicolas Caram, Lynn E. Sollenberger, Marcelo O. Wallau, Jose C. B. Dubeux, Nicolas DiLorenzo
Integrating legumes into grass pastures is an alternative to nitrogen (N) fertilizer for improving productive, economic, and environmental performance of grazing systems. However, optimal legume proportion for maximizing resource‐use efficiency in mixed pastures is seldom considered. Here, we studied the effect of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) proportion in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge)
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Assessment of detoxification enzymes in pyrethroid‐resistant Listronotus maculicollis Kirby suggests additional mechanisms Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-12-10 Garrett Y. Price, Benjamin A. McGraw
Insecticide resistance is a pressing issue in urban pest management. The annual bluegrass weevil (ABW), Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, is a highly destructive turfgrass pest in northeastern North America. The overuse of pyrethroids has led to resistance in some ABW populations in the northeastern United States. Understanding ABW resistance mechanisms is pivotal for sustaining turf quality and minimizing
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Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveal differentially expressed genes and metabolic pathways in bermudagrass under drought stress Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-11-18 Ravi Teja Seelam, David Jespersen
Drought stress poses a significant challenge to turfgrass growth, particularly in the regions like southern United States, where bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) is widely used for lawns and sports fields. Drought stress disrupts physiological processes, leading to reduced water availability, impaired photosynthesis, and oxidative stress. To understand the bermudagrass response to drought, we investigated
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Enhancing drought resistance in warm-season turfgrasses: Fourteen years of progress through a multistate collaborative project across the southern United States Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-11-18 Beatriz Tome Gouveia, Kevin E. Kenworthy, Ambika Chandra, Brian M. Schwartz, Jing Zhang, Paul L. Raymer, Yanqi Wu, Marta Pudzianowska, James Baird, Grady L. Miller, J. Bryan Unruh, Benjamin G. Wherley, Dennis L. Martin, Justin Q. Moss, Sameer Khanal, Susana Milla-Lewis
In turfgrass breeding, drought resistance is a primary trait for improvement due to scarcity and reduced quality of water for irrigation. Therefore, in 2010, the turfgrass breeding programs at six public universities joined efforts to address these challenges by cross evaluating breeding lines for the most economically significant warm-season turfgrass species in the southern United States through
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Yield determination of temperate maize hybrids with different end-uses: An ecophysiological analysis Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-11-18 Yésica D. Chazarreta, Santiago Alvarez Prado, Víctor D. Giménez, Ana J. P. Carcedo, César G. López, Ignacio A. Ciampitti, Maria E. Otegui
Maize (Zea mays L.) production in Argentina changed markedly during the last decade due to the widespread adoption of late sowing dates, expanding its productive area, and diversifying crop end-uses. This study was conducted to assess how the sowing date and nitrogen (N) availability affect grain yield, its physiological determinants (biomass and its partitioning), and numeric components (kernel number
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Resistance gene enrichment sequencing for NLR genes for Phytophthora sojae in selected soybean plant introductions and differentials with putative novel and known Rps genes Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-11-18 Brian Hodge, Amine Batnini, Carlos Bolaños-Carriel, Kyujung Van, M. A. Saghai Maroof, Leah McHale, Anne E. Dorrance
Numerous sources of putative novel resistance genes toward Phytophthora sojae (Rps genes) have been identified and loci mapped in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) but cloning has remained elusive. We utilized resistance gene enrichment sequencing (RenSeq) to identify the putative resistance genes in 20 plant introductions (PIs) and differentials of the cultivar Williams with rps, Rps1c, Rps3a, and Rps8
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Transgene effects vary among maize populations with implications for improving quantitative traits Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-11-11 Julien F. Linares, Nathan D. Coles, Hua Mo, Jeffrey E. Habben, Sabrina Humbert, Carlos Messina, Tom Tang, Mark Cooper, Carla Gho, Ricardo Carrasco, Javier Carter, Jillian Wicher Flounders, E. Charles Brummer
The goal of transgenesis in plant breeding is to make step-change improvements in traits of interest. However, improving quantitative traits, such as yield in maize (Zea mays L.), with transgenes has been difficult. Traditionally, transgene testing is done on a few isogenic lines, and results are extrapolated to entire breeding populations. Testing on limited germplasm does not provide a robust estimate
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Foliar application of Verticillium dahliae Aspf2-like protein improved the heat tolerance of creeping bentgrass by regulating photosynthetic and antioxidant capabilities Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-11-11 Yan Yuan, Min Zhou, Wanlin Ni, Yan Zhang, Zhou Li
Continuous high ambient temperature in hot summer months leads to a sharp decline in turf quality of cool-season turfgrass. Verticillium dahliae Aspf2-like protein (VDAL) is a secretory protein of V. dahliae that can improve crop yield and resistance to disease, but its role in improving heat tolerance of cool-season turfgrass has not been reported so far. The objectives of this study were to explore
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Within-canopy carbon partitioning to cotton leaves in response to irrigation Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-11-08 Irish Lorraine B. Pabuayon, Jessica Joy B. Bicaldo, Glen L. Ritchie
When water resources are limited, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants adapt in part through adjustments in carbon allocation strategies, often evident in the leaves within the canopy. The dynamics of leaf carbon accumulation provide insights into how the plant partitions and uses carbon resources, a key aspect of optimizing crop productivity. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of leaf carbon
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Optimizing fungicide application timing for spring dead spot based on soil temperature and season Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-11-08 W. J. Hutchens, J. C. Booth, J. M. Goatley, T. L Roberson, D. S. McCall
Spring dead spot (SDS) (Ophiosphaerella spp.) is the most detrimental disease to warm-season turfgrasses in areas with cold-induced dormancy. Fungicide applications do not provide consistent SDS suppression. One reason for this inconsistency is the use of solely calendar-based fungicide applications instead of considering both calendar date and soil temperature. A field study was conducted at three
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Evaluation of grain dormancy under field conditions in a wheat (Triticum aestivum) qsd1 triple mutant Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-11-07 Mitsuko Kishi-Kaboshi, Fumitaka Abe, Makiko Chono, Nami Yamaji, Kazuhiro Sato
Genome editing is a powerful tool for improving the agronomic traits of polyploid crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) by simultaneously generating mutations in multiple homoeologs. However, improvements in cultivars that are amenable to transformation (and thus genome editing) must be tested in region-specific cultivars under field conditions. Grain dormancy helps ensure the appropriate timing
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Variations in endosperm structure facilitate the formation of high protein quality in tetraploid rice Crop Sci. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2024-11-07 Mingyue Zhan, Pincang Lv, Xiaoling Zhou, Keyi Liu, Rongjie Qiu, Man Wang, Chang Yao, Ziwei Zhao, Xiaoxiao Wu, Xianhua Zhang, Yuchi He, Detian Cai, Zhaojian Song
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food source and a primary source of high-quality protein. Polyploid breeding is an effective approach to improving the nutritional quality of crops. Several stable tetraploid rice lines with both high seed setting rates and high protein content have been bred. In the present study, the protein quality of two tetraploid rice lines GD2-4x and GD4-4x with high protein