In this study, we hypothesized that Crotalaria juncea (L., Fabaceae), particularly due to its content of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline, would affect the development, fecundity, and longevity of Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). We initially assessed the effects of C. juncea plants and their various parts (leaves, stems, and roots) on the insect. Newly hatched larvae

Studies using nonhost plant odors to deter insect pests and protect host plants have reported mixed results. Moreover, how adjacent nonhost plants affect the ability of insect herbivores to locate hosts is unclear. We examined the effects of location of two nonhost rosemary plants (Rosmarinus officinalis) relative to a host peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea) under fixed wind direction on the host-finding

This study explores the role of Trichoderma species as causative agents of stalk rot in maize, representing the first documented case in India. The pathogens were isolated from the infected maize stalks collected from various regions, revealing three distinct Trichoderma isolates (HSRT46, HSRT47 and HSRT67), which exhibited variability in morphological traits such as colony color, mycelium type, pigmentation

Weed detection and control are important challenges in modern agriculture. Weed infestation can significantly reduce crop yields. The identification of weeds by species, along with their location, is important to reduce production costs and the environmental impact resulting from the use of chemical control across the plantation. In this study, we assessed four deep learning models for detection and

The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) is an invasive scarab beetle originating from Japan. In the European Union, it is listed as a priority quarantine pest. Currently, it is mainly controlled using synthetic insecticides. Here, we tested an environmentally friendly control alternative. We investigated whether Japanese beetle adults can be used as vectors to autodisseminate lethal doses of the European

Bananas and plantains are major cash crops in Cameroon, contributing significantly to the national economy and the livelihoods of farmers. However, Black Sigatoka disease (BSD) severely affects the production of these crops, particularly among smallholder farmers. This study examines the control methods used by farmers and the factors influencing their choices in managing BSD. Data were collected from

Bacterial spot of pepper (BSP) is an important disease caused by Xanthomonas spp. Copper-based bactericides have been widely used to manage this disease over the decades. This has resulted in the development of copper resistance in the pathogen. To this date, as a standard practice, mancozeb mixed with a copper material has been used instead of copper alone to control copper-tolerant strains of the

The vast majority of historical biological control introductions have not resulted in documented negative effects on non-target species. However, in some cases, an absence of evidence of harm could be due to insufficient evidence of absence: That is, data specifically gathered to show that non-target species are not affected by the released biological control agent. The parasitoid fly Istocheta aldrichi

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important species of the Amaryllidaceae family and is widely cultivated worldwide. The yield and quality of garlic production decrease due to pests and fungal agents. Survey studies conducted in Gaziantep (Araban and Oğuzeli districts) and Kahramanmaraş (Narlı district) garlic-growing areas between March and April 2020–2022 we observed white spots followed by dark green

The bacterial disease huanglongbing (HLB) is devastating citrus industries around the world. Recent studies have identified trunk injection of oxytetracycline (OTC) as an effective method to reduce pathogen titers and restore citrus tree health and productivity. Here we assess the efficacy of OTC injections to mitigate HLB in a commercial citrus orchard in Florida over two production cycles. Nine-year-old

Essential oils (EOs) are increasingly recognized as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides due to their biodegradability and reduced risks to non-target species. This study investigates the bioactivity of 30 EOs on Rhyzopertha dominica, a major pest of stored grains, with a focus on their repellency and attractiveness across varying concentrations. The area preference method (APM) was used

Fusarium ear rot (FER) of maize, caused by Fusarium verticillioides, significantly impacts grain quantity and quality due to reduced yield and grain discolorations. The fungus produces fumonisins (FUM), a mycotoxin associated with noxious effects on humans and animals. In 2019/20 and 2020/21 seasons, 20 maize genotypes were evaluated for tolerance to FER/FUM contamination in field experiments conducted

During the entire growth cycle of fruit trees, it is essential to implement management practices, including pruning, irrigation, pest and disease control, and harvesting. However, traditional orchard management has largely depended on subjective judgment and growers' experience, often lacking scientific rigor and demanding considerable labor and time. Given the current labor shortages, there is an

Plants can acquire an enhanced resistance against pathogen by application of natural or artificial compounds. Application of these compounds results in earlier, faster and/or stronger responses of plant to the subsequent pathogen attacks, a process called chemical priming. Beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is recognized for its inducing and priming ability to enhance plant resistance against a broad spectrum

Prey sharing in predatory mammals and birds has been shown to reduce fights for food between predators, increase predation efficacy, and safeguard food availability by reciprocal sharing, providing immediate and delayed benefits for the sharers. However, little is known about the incidence of prey sharing in arthropods and the implications for biological control have been mostly overlooked. In this

Principal active ingredients used in chemical control tactics after harvest are pyrethroids, including for long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN). However, pyrethroid resistance by stored product insects has become widespread. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate whether a synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), could rescue efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin LLIN against a field strain

A potential benefit of high-density plantings is that their more compact size means netting is a more feasible pest and disease management tactic than in conventional plantings. We compared bird damage, spotted wing drosophila (SWD) abundance, and canker in high-density sweet cherry rows that were netted or unnetted for 2–4 weeks pre-harvest. Nets had a fine mesh that was designed to exclude SWD. We

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a global agricultural pest by causing serious losses and has developed cross resistance to multiple insecticides in crop production. It is essential to find sustainable measures to control B. tabaci. In this study, we found a shrubby perennial herb, vicks plant (Plectranthus tomentosa) effectively repelled B. tabaci. Preference and behaviors of B. tabaci in cages experiments

This work examined whether Spodoptera frugiperda adults can pick up pyriproxyfen from an insecticide-treated surface and transfer it to their egg masses through autodissemination, inducing toxicity in newly hatched larvae upon ingestion. We also assessed pyriproxyfen distribution on egg masses during oviposition and its transfer from males to virgin females during mating. The lethal and sublethal toxicity

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a vital pulse crop in Kenya, supporting over 300 million people in East Africa and Latin America with its high protein and starch content. However, bean production in Kenya is declining, particularly in Western Kenya, which contributes about 24 % of the country's dry bean production. The region faces significant challenges from biotic and abiotic factors,

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, is the primary insect vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which causes Huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus plants. Effective control of D. citri is crucial to preventing the spread of HLB in orchards. Biological control is a key component in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs aimed at reducing the use of synthetic chemical insecticides

The use of genetically modified maize hybrids that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been the main strategy for controlling the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, in the Americas. However, the evolution of practical resistance has become a great threat to the sustainable use of Bt technology. Currently, the high dose/refuge and pyramided Bt approaches are the

The pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii, is a subtropical pest of pepper plants that appears to be expanding its geographic range as evidenced by its increasing occurrence and persistence in field and greenhouse pepper crops in temperate areas. Here, we investigated the cold tolerance of A. eugenii and its potential for winter survival in temperate areas by comparing non-acclimated (24 °C) and cold acclimated

Guava production in India faces significant challenges due to the invasion of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii. Biological control using metabolite-producing Streptomyces spp. offers a better alternative to synthetic nematicides for managing nematode populations in soil and roots. The native Streptomyces rochei isolated from nematode suppressive guava rhizosphere demonstrated complete

Within the last 30 years, damage from wild pigs (Sus scrofa) to agricultural crops in the United States has resulted in significant production loss. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have been used to identify wild pig damage to corn (Zea mays) in a relatively short time frame. We expanded on current literature by conducting UAS transect flights over 14 center pivot irrigation fields (mean = 52 ha) planted

Stemona Radix plant belongs to the genus Stemona and the family Stemonaceae. It can be divided into Stemona sessilifolia (Miq.) Miq., Stemona japonica(Bl.) Miq., and Stemona tuberosa Lour. S. japonica is a perennial herb with spindle-shaped succulent tuber roots clustered underground and ascending from the upper part of the stem. S. japonica was first recorded in the "Famous Doctors Register". It has

Floral resources such as nectar are essential for increasing survival and population growth of synovigenic parasitic wasps in agroecosystems. Although the bottom-up effect of cadmium (Cd) has been identified as a major ecological force influencing multitrophic interactions of synovigenic parasitoids, information on the direct effects of Cd-contaminated floral resources on the fitness of natural enemies

Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne species are top-ranking polyphagous pests in the world affecting a wide range of crops in Pakistan. Rapid climatic changes and the extensive use of nematicides have strongly impacted human health, the environment, beneficial microbial communities and the soil food web. In the current study the efficacy of crude aqueous and MeOH (methanolic) extracts of the whole plant

Mortality and feeding damage of Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus Marshall (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) exposed to four biopesticides on peach foliage in field cages were assessed at two sites in Florida. Two branches (one for caging weevils and one with no cage) with 6–8 leaves without evidence of herbivory were tagged on each of 25 trees at each site. Before treatment applications, one leaf was

Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) is a globally significant pest of tomato crops, capable of causing up to 100 % yield losses under high infestation levels. The continuous use of chemical insecticides has led to the evolution of resistant P. absoluta populations, resulting in frequent control failures in the field. This scenario extends to the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner)

The pivotal role of gut microbiota in maintaining the insect host’s well-being has been extensive researched. Here, our research objective was to determine the microbes in the gut of larvae of the potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella) and to investigate the role they play in the host development, metabolism, gut structure integrity and immune deficiency (Imd). Shotgun metagenomics sequencing from

Modern agriculture is increasingly adopting intelligent technologies to enhance productivity while minimizing production costs and reducing adverse environmental impacts. A prime example of this synergy is the use of image processing to identify weeds, enabling targeted herbicide spraying with autonomous devices such as robots and drones. This approach not only reduces production costs but also ensures

The Melaleuca genus has insecticidal activity against agricultural pests. In particular, Melaleuca rhaphiophylla essential oil (MREO) showed high toxicity against some stored product weevils in a short period. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the sublethal dose and the effect on biochemical markers of MREO and its emulsion (MREM) against Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae. The emulsion

The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), is the main insect pest on sugarcane in the Americas. Recently, transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sugarcane is planted in Brazil to control D. saccharalis. Resistance development is the greatest challenge for the sustainability of Bt crop biotechnology. Inheritance and fitness costs of resistance are essential information needed in developing effective

To address the issues of pesticide deposition in non-target areas, pesticide drift leading to environmental pollution, and low pesticide utilization rates associated with traditional orchard spraying methods, a target-specific variable spraying prototype based on LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) canopy profiling was designed. The prototype employed a 3D LiDAR sensor as a detector and utilized the

Defining and forecasting the life cycle and population dynamics of thrips depend on understanding their developmental and reproductive responses to varying temperatures. The goal of this investigation was to gather precise data on biological fitness and demographic parameters of Thrips parvispinus on two selected hosts (Chilli, Capsicum annuum; Solanaceae and Beans, Phaseolus vulgaris; Leguminosae)

The caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis is one of the most important defoliating pests of soybean crops in the Americas. Control of A. gemmatalis, is primarily achieved with chemical insecticides; however, populations of this species have developed resistance to certain chemical molecules. Therefore, insecticides with different modes of action should be evaluated to control this pest. The objective

Damage and consumption of crops by vertebrates represent a significant source of conflict between humans and wildlife. This is particularly relevant in the context of small-fruit crops, such as blueberries, which are highly conspicuous, small-sized, and situated close to the ground, allowing a wide range of vertebrate species to swallow them whole and in large quantities. In the present study, we assessed

Whiteflies are major agricultural pests, and their sustainable management depends on effective biological control strategies. This study investigates the preference, the host performance and the host feeding behavior of two key parasitoid species, Eretmocerus corni and Eretmocerus hayati, against Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. To assess host selection, parasitism, host-feeding, emergence

Fig canker is a multi-agent and complex disease, and since its identification, Diaporthe canker, primarily caused by Diaporthe cinerascens, has emerged as one of the most persistent and destructive diseases affecting fig trees in regions such as Iran, California, Canada, and Italy. The economic implications of this disease are considerable, further aggravated by the lack of effective therapeutic interventions

The foxglove aphid (FA), Aulacorthum solani, is a soybean pest that threatens food security. However, few studies on soybean plant resistance to FAs with resistance to Aulacorthum solani (Raso) genes have been conducted in Korea and Japan. Understanding how FAs infiltrate soybean plant tissues and identifying the location of resistance are crucial for the effective management of insect pests. This

Canola is an essential oilseed in global agriculture, contributing to the economic, social, and environmental sectors due to its versatility and nutritional value. Despite the notable growth of canola in Brazil, weed management poses a challenge due to the scarcity of registered selective herbicides and the prohibition of transgenics, resulting in productivity losses. Therefore, it is crucial to develop

The cassava lacebug, Vatiga illudens (Drake) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), is a pest that feeds on cassava foliage, significantly reducing the yield of tuberous roots. Recently introduced to Asia, this invasive exotic pest has been reported only in Indonesia, where it poses a serious threat to cassava cultivation. This study aimed to determine the resistance levels of ten Indonesian cassava cultivars to V

Recently registered, isocycloseram-based insecticides have the corn leafhopper (Dalbulus maidis) as a main target in Brazil. Nevertheless, the management of this vector is complex and requires the integration of strategies, including chemical and fungal agents. Here, we investigated the compatibility of mycoinsecticides based on isolate Esalq-1296 of Cordyceps javanica and Simbi BB15 of Beauveria bassiana

Organic vegetable production faces challenges in managing plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) and weeds, as chemical options are prohibited. This study evaluated the effects of cover crop termination timing (90 and 120 days after planting, DAP) and cover crop incorporation, along with the application of an organic bioherbicide (Suppress EC), on PPN and weed suppression during the 2021 and 2022 winter

Rosa roxburghii Tratt is commonly found growing wild in the south China. In recent years, it has been extensively cultivated in Guizhou, Sichuan, and Chongqing. The fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt serves as a valuable resource for both medicinal and culinary purposes, with a long-standing history of use in China. Recently, a new leaf spot was found in the field survey of R. roxburghii in Guizhou Province

Citrus crops are susceptible to diseases such as Black Spot, Canker, and Greening, which significantly harm both the leaves and the fruits, ultimately reducing overall yield. Traditional visual inspection methods for identifying these diseases are labour-intensive and prone to inaccuracies. The present research proposes a deep learning approach utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to overcome

Promoting pest control provided by soil arthropod communities can enhance sustainable agricultural production. Despite years of research aimed at predicting the pest control potential of these communities, few studies have described natural enemy communities composed of multiple taxonomic orders through a functional lens and identified traits involved in predator–prey interactions. Arthropod predator

The increasing spread and destructiveness of the honeydew moth, Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae), requires an effective pest management approach, in which the application of insecticides is based on the presence and abundance of the insect in the vineyard. Pest monitoring, however, is challenging because of the difficulties in identifying eggs and larvae. Forecasting models

Plants employ different defensive strategies to limit or avoid nematode attacks, including the recruitment of beneficial microorganisms that can support plants by enhancing their defence mechanisms. We investigated the effect of the two nematode egg parasitising fungi, Niesslia gamsii and Polydomus karssenii, on nematode suppression on tomato using greenhouse experiments. Their potential against Meloidogyne

Golden buckwheat (Fagopyrum dibotrys) is a well-known edible herb with significant medicinal and economic values in China and other Asian countries. In May and June of 2022, an outbreak of leaf blight on F. dibotrys was observed in Weixi Lisu Autonomous County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The infected plants exhibit symptoms like leaf necrosis and wilt with frequent

Cinnamomum burmanni, also referred to as Indonesian cinnamon or Padang cassia, is an edible, medicinal and landscape plant. In recent years, it has been affected by a foliar disease in Nanchang, China, and its growth and value have been compromised. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by inoculating spore suspensions through artificial wounding for pathogenicity tests and followed by reisolating of the

Aucuba japonica is an evergreen ornamental shrub with significant ecological value and has been introduced and commonly cultivated in city parks. Colletotrichum species is recognized as one of the top ten most significant pathogenic fungi worldwide, which can cause damage to the crops, fruit trees and ornamental plants, resulting in reduced plant yield or quality. Recently, severe anthracnose was observed

The dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Lygaidae: Hemiptera), is a polyphagous pest and has become one of the most serious sucking pests affecting cotton in Pakistan. O. hyalinipennis has the potential to develop resistance to various insecticides, leading to outbreaks of this pest. Therefore, this study aimed to gather information of insecticide resistance development, cross-resistance

The present study evaluated the efficacy of a third-generation anthranilic diamide insecticide, tetraniliprole, against four pests of stored grains: Trogoderma granarium, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, and Sitophilus oryzae. Trials were conducted using wheat, rice, and maize treated with various doses (0.01–10 mg tetraniliprole/kg grain), to assess mortality, progeny suppression, and persistence

Climate change-induced temperature increases are likely to promote the spread of insect pests into new regions, requiring adaptations in pest management strategies. Copper-based fungicides are widely used in viticulture to manage fungal diseases, but may also impact non-target insect pests. This study investigated the effects of Bordeaux mixture on the oviposition behavior and egg survival of the grapevine