Red maple (Acer rubrum L.), a tree species native to North America, has been introduced and widely cultivated for timber and ornamental purpose in China. In May 2021, black-brown leaf spots were observed on 3-year-old red maple saplings in a sentinel planting garden located in Lishui district, Jiangsu Province, China. This disease reduces not only the growth but also the ornamental value of affected

Weed infestation severely affects the productivity of lentils. Imazethapyr, a Group 2 herbicide controls prominent broadleaf weeds and grasses in the field. Imazethapyr blocks the first step of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) biosynthesis by inhibiting the activity of acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity. The present study aims to explore the effect of herbicide stress on the ALS gene expression

Fixed spray systems, an alternative to conventional pesticide application equipment, are under investigation in perennial fruit crops for improving spray applications. A prototype of a hydraulic fixed delivery spray system (31 m length) was evaluated for its suitability to be adopted as crop protection technology. In this research, two emitter densities selected from previous studies were used. Field

Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas spp.) is one of the most detrimental diseases of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) worldwide. Bacterial spot Xanthomonads are either endemic or spread by contaminated seed or transplant material into tomato production areas. Due to limited disease management options, transplant producers rely on copper- and streptomycin-based bactericides that are often ineffective due to

Xiangcheng county has a long history of tobacco planting, it is one of the three cradles of flue-cured tobacco in China, and has the reputation of “Eastern Virginia”. In recent years, tobacco fusarium root rot has gradually become a devastating disease in this area. The occurrence of root rot was observed in tobacco fields of Xiangcheng County, China. The symptoms showed as plant wilt, leaf chlorosis

The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the major pests of strawberry in the United States, causing losses of photosynthetic efficiency of up to 30% in strawberries. The predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is one of the primary biological control agents used against T. urticae in strawberries in Florida. We hypothesized

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Pt) is one of the most devastating fungal diseases affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide. Deployment of resistant cultivars is a prominent eco-friendly approach to manage this disease. But major constraint in this case is emergence of new pathotypes of pathogen due to faster evolution. Widening the gene pool by gene mining from diverse

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is the most significant insect pest of chickpea in Ethiopia. Sole reliance on insecticide causes both human and environmental health problems. A common soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis used as a bioinsecticide to control numerous Lepidopteran larvae. Therefore, indigenous isolates were collected, screened, tested for pathogenicity against H. armigera with a reference

Abstract not available

Green gram anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.) Briosi and Cavara is known to cause an estimated yield loss of 30–70 per cent under natural field condition. Considering the devastating nature of the disease an effort was undertaken to assess the fungicidal efficacy to manage the anthracnose disease under field conditions. Eight different fungicides were evaluated

One of the most important development trends of robots in agriculture is to enable highly precise applications that minimize amounts of chemical components that are harmful to the environment. Precision agriculture is fundamental and inevitable worldwide because it provides more yield to an increasing population, while at the same time reducing inputs. The purpose of this study was to apply entomopathogenic

To reduce pesticide waste caused by low spray droplet coverage on target surface, the spraying system parameters of a six-rotor UAV sprayer are optimized. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to simulate the downwash airflow distribution and droplet deposition for the UAV sprayer. Latin hypercube sampling method is used to obtain 15 sample points to train the surrogate model with CFD results

During pest and disease surveys in summer 2017, severe leaf drops were observed in four citrus orchards, two sweet orange (cvs Thompson Navel and Washington Navel) and two mandarin (cvs Nova and Oro Grande) orchards, located in Chlef, one of the most important citrus region in Algeria. Visual inspection of green dropped leaves and leaves on tree canopy revealed unusual symptoms consisting of greasy

This study is the first investigation of the biological compatibility of isolates IBCB 66 and Simbi BB15 of Beauveria bassiana and Esalq-1296 of Cordyceps fumosorosea, registered in Brazil for the management of corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis, with synthetic insecticides used in the management of sucking insects in the initial growth stage of maize crops. The biological index was used to identify the

Increased food insecurity caused by factors such as plant pests and pathogens has prompted the use of botanicals as alternative control agents. In this review, the ethnobotany and antimicrobial effect of botanicals used for the management of plant diseases in South Africa were critically assessed. Electronic databases were accessed for relevant scientific literature that meets the inclusion criteria

Diseases of edible fungi can lead to a reduction in quality and yield, thereby restricting the development of the edible fungus industry. To facilitate the identification and control of diseases in edible fungi, we conducted a comprehensive review of disease types, symptoms, pathogens, detection techniques, and management methods. The major disease-causing pathogens of edible fungi include viruses

In this study, we gathered data on Fusarium head blight (FHB) severity, deoxynivalenol (DON), and wheat yields from 19 cooperative fungicide trials conducted in Southern Brazil over five growing seasons (2017–2021). We tested three premixes of Quinone Outside Inhibitors (QoIs) + demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) (PYRAclostrobin + METConazole, TEBUconazole + TriFLoXystrobin, and TriFLoXystrobin + PROThioconazole)

The utilization of inert dusts, such as diatomaceous earths (DEs), has been successfully evaluated against a wide range of major stored-product pest species, as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional insecticides, emphasizing further their prominent position in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) protocols. However, the majority of the published research about the DEs’ insecticidal efficacy

Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is an important agricultural pest worldwide that imparts substantial damage to various horticultural and agricultural crops. Broflanilide is a newly developed insecticide that exhibits high activity against crop pests such as M. persicae. Nevertheless, the effects of sublethal levels of broflanilide on M. persicae fitness and population growth remain unclear. We assessed the

The citrus gall wasp (CGW), Bruchophagus fellis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), is a serious pest of citrus in southern Australia. Severe infestations can result in yield loss and a reduction in fruit size. Several parasitoid species attack CGW, with Megastigmus brevivalvus (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) (MBV) being the dominant species. Both CGW and MBV are univoltine and adult wasps emerge

Recently, we observed numerous black spots on the leaves of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn in Lincang City, Yunnan Province, which affected its yield. This study aimed to identify the pathogenic fungus causing C. orchioides Gaertn leaf spot using morphological and molecular analyses, including DNA extraction and genetic identification. Through pathogenicity experiments and application of Koch's postulates

Tuta absoluta is the most serious insect pest of tomato crops. It control is mainly based on the extended use of insecticides that causes resistance development and increased production cost, and thus, there is an urgent need to develop more environmentally friendly methods for its control. Essential oils (EOs) have several advantages that make them valuable alternatives in insect pest control. Data

Cogongrass (Imperata cylinderica L. Beauv) is a cosmopolitan invasive weed which may impact the ecological and economic integrity of our agro-ecosystems. In order to the optimum control of cogongrass and prevent the production of possible herbicide-resistant species, the use of glyphosate with selective herbicides can be considered as an important strategie in modern weed management programs. Therefore

The effectiveness of maize seed treatments for management of fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) was evaluated under natural infestation conditions in Zambia in 2019, 2020 and 2022. Two seed treatments were tested: cyantraniliprole (Fortenza® 600 FS) + thiamethoxam (Cruiser® 600 FS) (combination marketed as Fortenza® Duo) and Fortenza® 600 FS. Other treatments included each of the two seed

Photinia serrulata is a widely cultivated ornamental plant in China and many other nations. P. serrulata leaf blight was observed in April 2022 in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China. On the leaves, typical leaf blight symptoms included brown necrotic lesions with alternating rings. Botryosphaeria dothidea was isolated from symptomatic leaves of P. serrulata and identified through morphological and

Meloidogyne enterolobii is an aggressive root-knot nematode (RKN) species that has emerged as a significant pathogen of sweetpotato in the Southeastern United States. M. enterolobii is spread primarily through the movement of infected ‘seed’ sweetpotatoes used for propagation. The RKN resistance in commercially grown sweetpotato cultivars has proven ineffective against this nematode. Detecting RKN

Leaf spot is one of the common diseases of Cucurbitaceae crops, including cucumber, muskmelon, and pumpkin. Between August and October 2021, cucumber leaves exhibiting disease symptoms were observed in farmland around Qingdao city, Shandong province. The corresponding diseased leaves were collected to isolate and characterize the causal agent of cucumber leaf spot. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis

The coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros, CRB), a native to South-east Asia, is a major pest of coconut and oil palms in the Pacific. Beetles produce an aggregation pheromone identified as ethyl 4-methyloctanoate (E4-MO). Beetles use this pheromone to locate suitable feeding sites in palms and breeding materials. E4-MO has been used for more than 30 years for monitoring and trapping of CRB

Metal oxide nanoparticles have gained increasing attention as potential solutions to the challenges faced by modern agriculture. Fungal diseases and nutrient deficiencies can significantly reduce crop yield, quality, and profitability, whereas traditional approaches such as chemical pesticides and fertilizers have raised concerns about their sustainability and environmental impact. Metal oxide nanoparticles

Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a crucial grapevine pest worldwide. Expanding the available biocontrol agents can provide new management strategies compatible with organic viticulture. Entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) potential as a biocontrol agent was demonstrated against various developmental stages of L. botrana. For its field application, we hypothesised that by selecting the best

Co-application of herbicides with other agrochemicals such as foliar fertilizers, fungicides, and insecticides is a common practice in crop production. This practice is widely adopted by growers because it saves time and reduces labor costs associated with the sequential application of agrochemicals. In spite of these benefits, incompatibility can be associated with these mixtures, which can reduce

Papaya (Carica papaya) had become an important crop in Malaysia due to its health benefits and economic development such as food processing. However, it suffered a serious postharvest loss via poor handling during the postharvest chain, which promotes the growth and development of pathogens epiphytically and endophytically. Most postharvest diseases are fungal, and they can lead to irreversible changes

Several bird species may cause serious damage to grape production. The ability of raptors as biological control agents of grape-eating birds is poorly understood and under-used. We installed artificial nests and perches to encourage the presence and activity of raptors in vineyards located in central Spain and explored their effectiveness to reduce damage to grapes. We characterized the raptor community

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are one of the most economically important plant-parasitic nematodes in many crops. Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica are the most common species attacking tomato, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, melon, watermelon and zucchini, which have economic importance in vegetable growing areas. Thus, a rapid and accurate identification system is required for RKNs. In

The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of a field population of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China to six insecticides, detect the genotype and mutation frequency of the Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) gene Ace-1, a target of insecticides, and inform the scientific use of insecticides in the field. Larvae of S. frugiperda were collected from maize fields in Anhui

Machine vision-based precision herbicide application in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can substantially reduce herbicide input. However, detecting newly emerged weeds in wheat fields remains a challenging task. Current deep learning-based weed detection methods require the annotation of a large amount of data, which is both time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address this issue, this research improved

Chickpea is an important rotational pulse crop for Saskatchewan field crops. Since 2019, Saskatchewan chickpea production has suffered from a plant health issue following rainfall events around flowering to early podding resulting in apical wilting and eventual branch death. Post-emergence broadleaf weed management in chickpea relies on metribuzin, which can result in variable injury in chickpea. The

Pydiflumetofen, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, is being evaluated as a seed treatment in soybean to manage fungal diseases and plant-parasitic nematodes. However, there is currently no data on the toxicity of pydiflumetofen to M. incognita or its impact at low concentration on M. incognita infection of host roots. Nematode toxicity assays were conducted using aqueous solutions of pydiflumetofen

Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi; ASR) is one of the main diseases that affect soybeans, and it is controlled mainly with chemical fungicides. Induction of plant defense with silicon dioxide (SiO2) application could also be considered to control the disease. However, there is no information on the use of SiO2 as a source of silicon to control ASR. Silicon is an element related to the induction

Cayratia japonica is widely used as a traditional medicine in China. Recently, it has been affected by anthracnose disease, which influences its growth and medicinal value. This disease has occurred extensively in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, but the causal agent of anthracnose on this host is unknown. Colletotrichum-isolates were obtained from the diseased leaves. On PDA, the fungus produced white, mycelium