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The effect of changing the military's sexual assault laws on law enforcement investigative findings in the U.S. Army. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Eric R Carpenter,Ingrid Gonzalez,Stephanie Garcia,Gabriel J Odom
OBJECTIVE In 2007, Congress changed the military's sexual assault laws as part of an effort to improve sexual assault case processing. This study looked at the U.S. Army law enforcement investigative finding for every sexual assault reported to the Army from 2004 through June 2012, along with every nonsexual assault. Our objective was to measure whether the legal intervention affected the investigative
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Breaking rules for moral reasons: Development and validation of the Prosocial and Antisocial Rule-Breaking (PARB) scale. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Paul J Hennigan,Ellen S Cohn
OBJECTIVES To determine whether prosocial rule-breaking exists as a separate construct from antisocial rule-breaking and to develop a valid rule-breaking scale with prosocial and antisocial subscales. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized that (a) rule-breaking would have prosocial and antisocial subfactors; (b) the prosocial rule-breaking subscale would positively associate with prosocial intentions, empathy
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The detrimental impact of alcohol intoxication on facets of Miranda comprehension. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Amelia Mindthoff,Jacqueline R Evans,Andrea C F Wolfs,Karina Polanco,Naomi E S Goldstein,Nadja Schreiber Compo
OBJECTIVE Law enforcement officers often encounter alcohol-intoxicated suspects, suggesting that many suspects are presented with the challenge of grasping the meaning and significance of their Miranda rights while intoxicated. Such comprehension is crucial, given that Miranda is intended to minimize the likelihood of coercive interrogations resulting in self-incrimination and protect suspects' constitutional
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The COVID-19 pandemic and lay perceptions of poverty and neglect. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Stacy Metcalf,Kelli L Dickerson,Jennifer Lavoie,Jodi A Quas
OBJECTIVES In cases of child neglect, intervention depends on accurate identification and reporting. Prior work has shown that individuals, especially those of high socioeconomic status (SES), conflate poverty and neglect when making identification and reporting decisions. The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in people's experiences with poverty, likely influencing their ability to distinguish poverty
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Comparing the relationships between money bail, pretrial risk scores, and pretrial outcomes. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 Samantha A Zottola,Sarah L Desmarais
OBJECTIVES There has been much discussion around the use of both money bail and pretrial risk assessment instruments. We examine how bail and risk scores compare in terms of their associations with failure to appear in court and rearrest during the pretrial period. HYPOTHESES Our research questions included whether bail and risk scores differed between people who did and did not experience pretrial
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The cross-cultural fairness of the LS/RNR: An Australian analysis. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Linda J Ashford,Benjamin L Spivak,James R P Ogloff,Stephane M Shepherd
OBJECTIVE Cross-cultural research into risk assessment instruments has often identified comparable levels of discrimination. However, cross-cultural fairness is rarely addressed. Therefore, this study explored the discrimination and fairness of the Level of Service/Risk, Need, Responsivity (LS/RNR) within a sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
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Homelessness and pretrial detention predict unfavorable outcomes in the plea bargaining process. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Roxy W Davis
OBJECTIVES The present research examined homelessness, race/ethnicity, and pretrial detention in the plea bargaining process. HYPOTHESES We predicted that homelessness, Hispanic ethnicity, and pretrial detention would be positively associated with unfavorable plea bargaining outcomes. METHOD We coded defendant characteristics and plea bargaining variables for a random sample (N = 500) of criminal cases
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Comparing witness performance in the field versus the lab: How real-world conditions affect eyewitness decision-making. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Mitchell L Eisen,Rebecca C Ying,Charmaine Chui,Monique A Swaby
OBJECTIVE This field-simulation experiment was designed to compare eyewitness performance when conducting show ups and lineups under field versus laboratory conditions. HYPOTHESES We expected to replicate the findings from previous field-simulation experiments showing overconfidence in show up identifications made under field but not lab conditions, and further predicted that under field conditions
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Predictive validity of the SAVRY, YLS/CMI, and PCL:YV is poor for intimate partner violence perpetration among adolescent offenders. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-03-31 Catherine S Shaffer,Jodi L Viljoen,Kevin S Douglas
OBJECTIVE Despite advances in developing structured risk assessment instruments, there is currently no instrument to assess and manage the risk of intimate partner violence perpetration among adolescents. Given the empirical link between many forms of antisocial behavior, we tested whether structured tools commonly used by professionals to evaluate adolescents' risk of engaging in general violence
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A general model of cognitive bias in human judgment and systematic review specific to forensic mental health. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-02-21 Tess M S Neal,Pascal Lienert,Emily Denne,Jay P Singh
OBJECTIVE Cognitive biases can impact experts' judgments and decisions. We offer a broad descriptive model of how bias affects human judgment. Although studies have explored the role of cognitive biases and debiasing techniques in forensic mental health, we conducted the first systematic review to identify, evaluate, and summarize the findings. HYPOTHESES Given the exploratory nature of this review
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Development of the Self-Injury Risk Assessment Protocol for Corrections (SIRAP-C). Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-02-03 Robert J Cramer,Lewis J Peiper,Andrea R Kaniuka,Franck Diaz-Garelli,Justin C Baker,Ryan A Robertson
OBJECTIVE We developed the Self-Injury Risk Assessment Protocol for Corrections (SIRAP-C) to meet legal mandates for self-directed violence (SDV) risk assessment standards in correctional settings. We focused on two empirical aims: (1) factor structure and internal consistency and (2) subscale associations with SDV and intervention recommendation outcomes. HYPOTHESES We expected a multifactorial SIRAP-C
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Changes in criminal thinking from midadolescence to early adulthood: Does trajectory direction matter? Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Glenn D Walters
OBJECTIVE Although there is evidence of a strong age-crime relationship, there is little consensus as to why crime peaks in midadolescence and drops off in late adolescence or early adulthood, and there is virtually no information on how age interacts with other crime-related variables such as criminal thinking. The purpose of this study was to document changes in the age-criminal thinking relationship
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The impact of pretrial publicity on mock juror and jury verdicts: A meta-analysis. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Lori A Hoetger,Dennis J Devine,Eve M Brank,Ryan M Drew,Rebecca Rees
OBJECTIVE We updated and extended a meta-analysis on pretrial publicity (PTP) conducted by Steblay et al. (1999) by reexamining the effect of negative (antidefendant) PTP on individual (juror) and deliberating group (jury) verdicts and the effect of positive (pro-defendant) PTP on individual verdicts. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized that exposure to negative PTP would increase guilty verdicts from both
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The reveal procedure: A way to enhance evidence of innocence from police lineups. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Anne S Yilmaz,Taylor C Lebensfeld,Brent M Wilson
OBJECTIVE Recent work has established that high-confidence identifications (IDs) from a police lineup can provide compelling evidence of guilt. By contrast, when a witness rejects the lineup, it may offer only limited evidence of innocence. Moreover, confidence in a lineup rejection often provides little additional information beyond the rejection itself. Thus, although lineups are useful for incriminating
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Detecting symptom exaggeration and minimization using translated versions of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF: A systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Lillian L Bopp,Maria Aparcero,Barry Rosenfeld
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of translated versions of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in detecting response distortion (i.e., symptom exaggeration and minimization), a central concern in forensic assessment. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized that translated versions of the
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False confessions predict a delay between release from incarceration and official exoneration. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Kyle C Scherr,Christopher J Normile
OBJECTIVES Little empirical research has examined postconviction processes associated with the unique legal events of release from incarceration and official exoneration. Across various models, we tested the influence of risk factors associated with wrongful convictions (false confessions, faulty or misleading forensic evidence, inadequate legal defense, mistaken eyewitness identifications, official
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Eyewitness confidence and mock juror decisions of guilt: A meta-analytic review. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Crystal R Slane,Chad S Dodson
OBJECTIVE We investigated the impact of eyewitness confidence on the following dependent variables: (a) guilty or not-guilty verdict; (b) judgments of guilt as measured on a scale; and (c) mock jurors' perception of the accuracy of an eyewitness's identification. In addition, we examined two potential moderators of the effects of eyewitness confidence: (a) whether the eyewitness expressed confidence
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Severity matters: The moderating effect of offense severity in predicting racial differences in reporting of bias and nonbias victimization to the police. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Brendan Lantz,Marin R Wenger,Zachary T Malcom
OBJECTIVE Previous research has noted contradictory findings regarding race and police notification, such that Black people indicate higher levels of distrust in the police yet report victimization to the police at rates similar to or higher than others. We investigated the role of offense severity in accounting for these discrepancies. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized that severity would moderate racial
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Peer, substance use, and race-related factors associated with recidivism among first-time justice-involved youth. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2022-01-24 Evan D Holloway,Johanna B Folk,Catalina Ordorica,Marina Tolou-Shams
OBJECTIVES Peer deviancy and substance-related consequences are dynamic criminogenic needs associated with increased risk of recidivism for justice-involved youth. Most prior research in this area, however, is based on samples of primarily male youth charged with delinquent offenses. Because identification of dynamic criminogenic needs is essential to delinquency risk reduction efforts, the purpose
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Evidence strength (insufficiently) affects police officers' decisions to place a suspect in a lineup. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-12-30 Jacqueline Katzman,Margaret Bull Kovera
OBJECTIVE We examined whether variations in the strength of the evidentiary connection between a suspect and the crime under investigation affected officers' decisions to place suspects into an identification procedure and whether education about the problems associated with base-rate neglect sensitized officers to variations in evidentiary connection. METHOD Police officers (N = 279; age range = 24-70;
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Relational and instrumental perspectives on compliance with the law among people experiencing homelessness. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-12-23 Arabella Kyprianides,Ben Bradford,Jonathan Jackson,Clifford Stott,Krisztián Pósch
OBJECTIVE We conducted an exploratory study testing procedural justice theory with a novel population. We assessed the extent to which police procedural justice, effectiveness, legitimacy, and perceived risk of sanction predict compliance with the law among people experiencing homelessness. HYPOTHESES We did not develop formal a priori hypotheses but examined five general research questions. First
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Callous-unemotional traits linked to earlier onset of self-reported and official delinquency in incarcerated boys. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Bryan Neo,Eva R Kimonis
OBJECTIVE Research shows that youth who engage in early delinquency have higher callous-unemotional (CU) traits than youth with a later start. This study extends prior research to determine the optimal delinquency onset age cutoff for identifying youth high versus low on CU traits and the average age of delinquency onset for youth with clinically significant CU traits. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized that
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Dynamic risk factors reassessed regularly after release from incarceration predict imminent violent recidivism. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Ariel G Stone,Caleb D Lloyd,Ralph C Serin
OBJECTIVE In community-based corrections, reassessment of dynamic risk factors improves the prediction of recidivism relative to initial risk assessment at the time of release. However, there is less evidence for predictions of violent recidivism. We examined whether reassessment proximity or aggregation of reassessments improved the prediction of imminent violence in a sample of paroled individuals
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Keeping kids in school through prearrest diversion: School disciplinary outcomes of the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Naomi E S Goldstein,Amanda NeMoyer,TuQuynh Le,Siying Guo,Lindsey M Cole,Angela Pollard,Rena Kreimer,Fengqing Zhang
OBJECTIVES Developed to keep youth in school and out of court, the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program allows youth to avoid arrest for specified school-based summary and misdemeanor offenses. This study examined whether diverted youth were also less likely to experience exclusionary discipline, both in response to the referring incident and in the following calendar year. HYPOTHESES We predicted
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Pre-identification confidence is related to eyewitness lineup identification accuracy across heterogeneous encoding conditions. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-10-18 Peter F Molinaro,Steve D Charman,Keith Wylie
OBJECTIVE Eyewitness research has generally failed to show an association between eyewitnesses' pre-identification confidence in their ability to identify the perpetrator from a lineup and their subsequent identification accuracy. However, this observed lack of an association may be an artifact of methodologies in which witnesses experienced homogenous encoding conditions, which would tend to restrict
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Sound and credibility in the virtual court: Low audio quality leads to less favorable evaluations of witnesses and lower weighting of evidence. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Elena Bild,Annabel Redman,Eryn J Newman,Bethany R Muir,David Tait,Norbert Schwarz
OBJECTIVES Recent virtual court proceedings have seen a range of technological challenges, producing not only trial interruptions but also cognitive interruptions in processing evidence. Very little empirical research has focused on how the subjective experience of processing evidence affects evaluations of trial participants and trial decisions. Metacognitive research shows that the subjective ease
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Forensic practitioners' use and perceptions of telepsychology before and during COVID-19. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Paula A Bernhard,Lauren McDowell,Gina M Vincent
OBJECTIVE This survey study reports the substantial impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the use and perceived advantages and disadvantages of telepsychology among forensic practitioners. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized that telepsychology use among forensic practitioners would substantially increase during the pandemic. Additional exploratory research questions examined (a) changes
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Community-based participatory research with police: Development of a tech-enhanced structured suicide risk assessment and communication smartphone application. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Christopher M Weaver,Joyce P Chu,Alexandra Lugo,Naomi Uyeda,Yumi Cha,Taylor Zadonowicz,Brenna Giordano
OBJECTIVE Police officers initiate psychiatric holds following determination of suicide risk. Such referrals constitute direct decriminalization of mental illness at the single most efficient criminal justice system diversion point. However, system-level problems with this process highlight a need to further understand and improve this service connection juncture. The goal of the present study was
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International perspectives on procedural justice: Trust and respect matter even when body-worn cameras are present. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Diane Sivasubramaniam,Kelly C Burke,Alana Saulnier,Rebecca Szabo,Emily J Agius,Bette L Bottoms
OBJECTIVE(S) We assessed the impact of body-worn cameras (BWCs) in two countries on perceptions of everyday encounters with police, independent of officer respectfulness and participants' preexisting trust in police. HYPOTHESES We expected BWC presence, officer respectfulness, and preexisting trust in police to all significantly improve individuals' perceptions of a police encounter. We also expected
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To watch or not to watch: When reviewing body-worn camera footage improves police reports. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Annelies Vredeveldt,Linda Kesteloo,Alieke Hildebrandt
OBJECTIVE We assessed how police officers' review of body-worn camera (BWC) footage, either before or after writing an initial report, affects subsequent police reports. HYPOTHESES We had competing hypotheses regarding the effect of BWC footage review before writing a police report on the total amount of information reported (Hypothesis 1) but expected it to increase "on-camera" details while reducing
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Technology for assessment and treatment of justice-involved youth: A systematic literature review. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Lauren Grove,Christopher M King,Rachel Bomysoad,Loumarie Vasquez,Lauren E Kois
OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic literature review of e-mental health technologies in juvenile justice contexts. HYPOTHESES Our exploratory research questions were as follows: First, what types of e-mental health exist for justice-involved youth, their caregivers, and juvenile justice professionals? Second, what are the characteristics of studies that have examined these technologies? Third, what
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Can neuroimaging prove pain and suffering?: The influence of pain assessment techniques on legal judgments of physical versus emotional pain. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Hannah J Phalen,Jessica M Salerno,N J Schweitzer
OBJECTIVES It is difficult to "prove" pain and suffering-particularly emotional suffering. Neuroimaging technology might bolster pain claims in civil cases by making pain seem less subjective. We examined how neuroimaging of physical and emotional pain influences judgments of pain and suffering across nonlegal and legal contexts. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized that participants would rate pain assessed
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Introduction to the special issue on technology in the legal and criminal justice systems. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 David DeMatteo,Jennifer Cox
Given the increased role of technology in many aspects of the legal system, we sought articles that addressed the most up-to-date research highlighting the application of digital technology to the fields of mental health, law, and justice. After describing the impetus and goals for the special issue, this Introduction summarizes the articles included in the special issue. (PsycInfo Database Record
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Pretrial risk assessment validation research: Range restriction and attenuation of predictive validity estimates. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Evan M. Lowder,David B. Wilson
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Contextual factors predict self-reported confession decision-making: A field study of suspects’ actual police interrogation experiences. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Hayley M. D. Cleary,Ray Bull
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Information gathering in school contexts: A national survey of school resource officers. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Mark D. Snow,Lindsay C. Malloy,Naomi E. S. Goldstein
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Lay comprehension of statistical evidence: A novel measurement approach. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Agnes S. Bali,Kristy A. Martire,Gary Edmond
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The impact of minimal versus extended voir dire and judicial rehabilitation on mock jurors’ decisions in civil cases. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Jessica M. Salerno,John C. Campbell,Hannah J. Phalen,Samantha R. Bean,Valerie P. Hans,Daphna Spivack,Lee Ross
Objectives: Three experiments tested the utility of minimal versus extended voir dire questions in predicting mock jurors’ verdicts and damage awards, and whether the biasing impact of their preexisting attitudes on case judgments could be reduced by judicial rehabilitation. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that extended voir dire questions would be more predictive of case judgments than minimal voir dire
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Empathy influences the interpretation of whether others have violated everyday indeterminate rules. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Jennifer LaCosse,Victor Quintanilla
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Guilt status influences plea outcomes beyond the shadow-of-the-trial in an interactive simulation of legal procedures. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Miko M. Wilford,Kelly T. Sutherland,Joseph E. Gonzales,Misha Rabinovich
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Estimator variables can matter even for high-confidence lineup identifications made under pristine conditions. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Amber M Giacona,James Michael Lampinen,Jeffrey S Anastasi
OBJECTIVE According to the pristine conditions hypothesis, high-confidence identifications will be "remarkably accurate" when identification procedures (i.e., system variables, e.g., fair filler selection, double-blind administration, unbiased lineup instructions) are optimal, even if estimator variables (e.g., weapon presence, lighting, distance) are suboptimal (Wixted & Wells, 2017, p. 10). This
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Perceptions of police legitimacy and bias from ages 13 to 22 among Black, Latino, and White justice-involved males. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Adam D Fine,Jamie Amemiya,Paul Frick,Laurence Steinberg,Elizabeth Cauffman
OBJECTIVE Although researchers, policymakers, and practitioners recognize the importance of the public's perceptions of police, few studies have examined developmental trends in adolescents and young adults' views of police. HYPOTHESES Hypothesis 1: Perceptions of police legitimacy would exhibit a U-shaped curve, declining in adolescence before improving in young adulthood. Hypothesis 2: At all ages
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Testing the waters: An investigation of the impact of hot tubbing on experts from referral through testimony. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Jennifer T Perillo,Anthony D Perillo,Nikoleta M Despodova,Margaret Bull Kovera
OBJECTIVE The present research examined whether concurrent expert testimony ("hot tubbing") and court-appointed testimony reduced adversarial allegiance in clinical experts' judgments compared with traditional adversarial expert testimony. HYPOTHESES We predicted Hypothesis 1: Defense experts would render more not responsible judgments and lower ratings of criminal responsibility than would prosecution
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Race, witness credibility, and jury deliberation in a simulated drug trafficking trial. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Emily V Shaw,Mona Lynch,Sofia Laguna,Steven J Frenda
OBJECTIVE The present study integrates several distinct lines of jury decision-making research by examining how the racial identities of the defendant and an informant witness interact in a federal drug conspiracy trial scenario and by assessing whether jurors' individual racial identity and jury group racial composition influence their judgments. HYPOTHESES We predicted that jurors would be biased
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Perceptions of custody: Similarities and disparities among police, judges, social psychologists, and laypeople. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Fabiana Alceste,Saul M Kassin
OBJECTIVE Custody is a legal state that requires police to Mirandize suspects and, in some jurisdictions, to record their interrogation. The present study compared the custody perceptions of police, judges, social psychologists, and laypeople. HYPOTHESES We predicted that (a) high-custody vignettes would elicit less perceived freedom than low-custody vignettes; (b) police and judges would see these
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Risk and protective markers for well-being in Latinx immigrants in removal proceedings. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Cassandra A Bailey,Amanda Venta,Jorge Varela,Temilola Salami,Chelsea Ratcliff,Jeffrey Gardner
OBJECTIVES There are currently 1,308,327 immigrants in removal proceedings, over 80% of whom are Latinx (TRAC, 2021b). This study examined the relation among putative protective markers (i.e. social support, religious support, and legal support) and the emotional and physical well-being of Latinx individuals facing removal proceedings. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized that increased social support, religious
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Preventing school-based arrest and recidivism through prearrest diversion: Outcomes of the Philadelphia police school diversion program. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Naomi E S Goldstein,Rena Kreimer,Siying Guo,TuQuynh Le,Lindsey M Cole,Amanda NeMoyer,Stephanie Burke,George Kikuchi,Kevin Thomas,Fengqing Zhang
OBJECTIVES Created to combat the school-to-prison pipeline, the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program offers voluntary community-based services to eligible youth accused of minor school-based offeses in lieu of arrest. This study evaluated program effectiveness in accomplishing goals related to reductions in school-based arrests, serious behavioral incidents, and recidivism. HYPOTHESES We expected
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Perceptions of legal legitimacy in veterans treatment courts: A test of a modified version of procedural justice theory. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 John M Gallagher,José B Ashford
OBJECTIVE Perceptions of the legitimacy of a society's legal system help explain individual responses to courts and legal actors. Normative considerations such as fair and respectful treatment as well as social identification have demonstrated the ability to enhance perceived legal legitimacy and future cooperation. Veterans treatment courts (VTCs) are a rapidly disseminating and understudied intervention
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Eyewitnesses' free-report verbal confidence statements are diagnostic of accuracy. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Laura Smalarz,Yueran Yang,Gary L Wells
OBJECTIVES We assessed recent policy recommendations to collect eyewitnesses' confidence statements in witnesses' own words as opposed to numerically. We conducted an experiment to test whether eyewitnesses' free-report verbal confidence statements are as diagnostic of eyewitness accuracy as their numeric confidence statements and whether the diagnostic utility of eyewitnesses' verbal and numeric confidence
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Don't know responding in young maltreated children: The effects of wh- questions type and enhanced interview instructions. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Kelly McWilliams,Shanna Williams,Stacia N Stolzenberg,Angela D Evans,Thomas D Lyon
OBJECTIVE Two studies examined 4-7-year-old maltreated children's "I don't know" (IDK) responses to wh- questions after receiving various interview instructions. HYPOTHESES We predicted (H1) children would be less inclined to give IDK responses and more inclined to guess to color/number questions compared to other wh- questions; (H2) IDK instructions would increase children's IDK responding compared
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Negotiating with parents: Attorney practices in the juvenile plea bargain process. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Erika N Fountain,Jennifer Woolard
OBJECTIVES Research on plea bargaining is increasing, yet much of this work examines how the process unfolds in adult court. Plea bargaining in juvenile court has several notable differences such as parental involvement. Including parents throughout the adjudicatory process is encouraged but ultimately left up to the attorney. Research has not explored whether attorneys include parents in plea bargain
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Tele-forensic interviewing can be a reasonable alternative to face-to-face interviewing of child witnesses. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Jason J Dickinson,Nicole E Lytle,Debra Ann Poole
OBJECTIVE Tele-forensic interviews have the potential to aid investigations when children live far from interviewers, there is a risk of disease transmission, or when expertise is not locally available. However, it is unknown whether tele-forensic interviewing is an effective alternative to face-to-face interviewing, particularly for children most prone to suggestibility and lapses of attention. HYPOTHESES
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COVID-19 exacerbates existing system factors that disadvantage defendants: Findings from a national survey of defense attorneys. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Tarika Daftary-Kapur,Kelsey S Henderson,Tina M Zottoli
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 has impacted many facets of daily life and the legal system is no exception. Legal scholars have hypothesized that the effects of the pandemic may contribute to more coercive plea bargains (Cannon, 2020; Johnson, 2020). In this study, we explored defense attorneys' perceptions of whether and how the plea process has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. HYPOTHESES This study was
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Providing witnesses with an option to say "I'm not sure" to a showup neither improves classification performance nor the reliability of suspect identifications. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Shaela T Jalava,Andrew M Smith,Simona Mackovichova
Objective: Past research with one-person showup identification procedures suggests that providing witnesses with an explicit option to opt-out reduces innocent-suspect identifications without reducing culprit identifications (Weber & Perfect, 2012). This finding suggests that improving performance from identification procedures might be as simple as providing witnesses with the option to opt-out from
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Evaluating the benefits of a rapport-based approach to investigative interviews: A training study with law enforcement investigators. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Laure Brimbal,Christian A Meissner,Steven M Kleinman,Erik L Phillips,Dominick J Atkinson,Rachel E Dianiska,Jesse N Rothweiler,Simon Oleszkiewicz,Matthew S Jones
Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a rapport-based approach to interviewing that includes productive questioning skills, conversational rapport, and relational rapport-building tactics. Hypotheses: We predicted that training police investigators in a rapport-based approach would significantly increase the use of rapport-based tactics and that such tactics would directly
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The paradox of conviction probability: Mock defendants want better deals as risk of conviction increases. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Jennifer M Bartlett,Tina M Zottoli
Objective: We examined how probability of conviction affects the maximum plea sentence mock defendants will accept. Hypothesis: Relying on Prospect Theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979), we hypothesized that, relative to the expected value of trial, participants would need increasingly better sentences as conviction probability increased and would settle for sentences worse than the expected value of trial
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Updated 5-year and new 10-year sexual recidivism rate norms for Static-99R with routine/complete samples. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Seung C Lee,R Karl Hanson
Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop new 10-year recidivism rate norms as well as to update 5-year norms for the Static-99R risk tool for routine/complete samples. We also present the extrapolated sexual recidivism rates from these new 10-year norms for follow-up periods of 11 to 20 years. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that absolute-recidivism base rates (B02; i.e., the intercept centered
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Anchoring effect in legal decision-making: A meta-analysis. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Piotr Bystranowski,Bartosz Janik,Maciej Próchnicki,Paulina Skórska
Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to examine whether numeric decision-making in law is susceptible to the effect of (possibly arbitrary) values present in the decision contexts (anchoring effect) and to investigate which factors might moderate this effect. Hypotheses: We predicted that the presence of numeric anchors would bias legal decision-makers' judgment in the direction of the anchor value
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Retraction of Mansour et al. (2012). Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2020-12-01
Reports the retraction of "Impact of disguise on identification decisions and confidence with simultaneous and sequential lineups" by Jamal K. Mansour, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Michelle I. Bertrand, Natalie Kalmet, Elisabeth I. Melsom and Roderick C. L. Lindsay (Law and Human Behavior, 2012[Dec], Vol 36[6], 513-526). The article reported two separate experiments and included a re-analysis of the data from
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Impact of disguise on identification decisions and confidence with simultaneous and sequential lineups. Law and Human Behavior (IF 3.87) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Jamal K Mansour,Jennifer L Beaudry,Michelle I Bertrand,Natalie Kalmet,Elisabeth I Melsom,Roderick C L Lindsay
OBJECTIVE Prior research indicates disguise negatively affects lineup identifications but the mechanisms by which disguise works have not been explored and different disguises have not been compared. We investigated how two different types of disguise, four levels of varying degrees of coverage, and lineup type influence eyewitnesses' identification decisions, accuracy, and confidence. HYPOTHESES We