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Cascading Effects of Cumulative Trauma: Callous Traits Among Justice Involved Youth Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 Jamie Yoder, Ashley Tunstall
Youth involved in the juvenile justice system (JJS) have high rates of trauma relative to youth in the general population. Criminological research has posited that callous traits are some of the most prominent risk factors associated with onset and recidivistic criminal behavior. It stands to reason that research should test intermediary variables explaining the connection between cumulative trauma
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Do Self-Reported Psychopathic Traits Moderate the Relations Between Delinquent History Predictors and Recidivism Outcomes in Juvenile Delinquents? Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2022-05-10 Pedro Pechorro, Matt DeLisi, João Marôco, Mário R. Simões
The present study investigates whether self-reported psychopathic traits moderate the relationships between delinquent career features (i.e., age of first detention in a juvenile detention center, crime frequency, crime diversity, crime charges, and Conduct Disorder) and 1-year general delinquency and violent delinquency recidivism outcomes. The sample was composed of male youth (N = 214, M = 16.4
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Developing Criminal Propensity? Modeling Developmental Effects of the Code of the Street and Low Self-Control Over Time Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2022-05-08 Jacob H. Erickson, Andy Hochstetler, Kyle A. Burgason
The code of the street and low self-control are prominent theories of crime. However, there is no research that examines if these criminogenic dispositions inform each other over time. We utilize the G.R.E.A.T. data to analyze the development of street code adherence and low selfcontrol longitudinally. We find a portion of the stability associated with street code adherence and low self-control to
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Evidencing Predictors ofAdolescent to Parent Violence Re-Offending Through Linkage of Police and Health Records Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2022-04-27 Allison Peck, Marie Hutchinson, Steve Provost
Current knowledge about the characteristics of adolescents involved in recidivist adolescent to parent violence offending remains limited. This study employed more than 50,000 linked administrative police (from birth) and health (from age five) data events to examine predictors of adolescent to parent violence recidivism in a geographically-distinct case series of 775 Australian adolescents. The predictive
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Evidencing the Need to Screen for Social Determinants of Health Among Boys Entering a Juvenile Prison: A Latent Profile Analysis Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2022-04-24 Rebecca L. Fix, Noel Vest, Kelli R. Thompson
Social determinants of health influence who ends up in the juvenile legal system and how individuals fare when entering and leaving the system. The present study utilized latent profile analysis to determine the extent to which social determinants of health were present in a sample of incarcerated youth and the patterns in which they appear. The authors then examined their relationships to racial groups
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Families, Mental Health, and Delinquency: Testing Sexual Crime Typologies of Youth Who Sexually Harm Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Adam Brown, Erin Gardner
Researchers have made great strides in identifying risk factors associated with the commission of sexual harm by youth. However, many of the risk factors associated with youth who sexually harm (YSH) are also associated with nonsexual delinquency, making it hard to create typologies of YSH to target prevention and treatment. To eliminate an overlap with nonsexually offending general delinquents, Brown
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Child Delinquency, ACEs, and the Juvenile Justice System: Does Exposure to ACEs Affect Justice System Experiences for Children? Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-12-31 Abigail Novak, Vitoria De Francisco Lopes
Thousands of children ages 12 and under are referred to juvenile justice systems each year, and little is known about how their experiences may differ from those of older youth. The purpose of this study was to compare risk factors associated with juvenile justice referral between children and adolescents and examine differences in adjudication and disposition of referred children and adolescents.
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Improvement in Emotion Regulation While Detained Predicts Lower Juvenile Recidivism Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-12-30 Meagan Docherty, Andrew Lieman, Brandon Lee Gordon
The goal of the current study was to investigate the relationships between observer-rated skills related to emotional and cognitive regulation post-admission and pre-release in a secure facility and official records of juvenile felony recidivism up to 1 year after release. Data came from a sample of 599 youth in a residential facility in Washington state (84% male; 38% White). Latent change score models
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The Impact of Risk Assessment on Juvenile Justice Decision-Making and New Adjudication: An Analysis of Usage and Outcome Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-12-28 Amber A. Petkus, Christopher J. Sullivan, Melissa Lugo, Jamie Newsome
Juvenile risk and needs assessments (JRNAs) have been the focus of extensive research in the academic literature. Prior studies have primarily focused on the risk-recidivism relationship and establishing predictive validity with juvenile populations. Less investigated is the use of risk and need assessment in practice, including how such tools are used to inform decision-making. This study uses record
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Understanding Adverse Childhood Experiences and Juvenile Court Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Race and Ethnicity Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-12-24 Ashley Lockwood, Jennifer H. Peck, Kevin T. Wolff, Michael T. Baglivio
Youth involved in the juvenile justice system have enhanced traumatic exposure including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction compared to their non-involved counterparts. While prior research has conceptualized the role of trauma in predicting juvenile recidivism, the interrelated role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and race/ethnicity in informing juvenile court processing and outcomes
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Did Juvenile Domestic Violence Offending Change During COVID-19? Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-10-26 Michael T. Baglivio, Kevin T. Wolff, Joan A. Reid, Sherry L. Jackson, Alex R. Piquero
The current study castssome of the first light into the initial impacts of the largest global health crisis in a generation on family and domestic violence, the long-term repercussions of which may take decades to unpack. Statewide trends in juvenile arrests for domestic violence (DV)-related offending are examined, taking into account school closures for in-person learning in March 2020 and the subsequent
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Deservingness and Punishment in Juvenile Justice: Do Black Youth Grow Up “Faster” in the Eyes of the Court? Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-09-14 Steven N. Zane, Joshua C. Cochran, Daniel P. Mears
The present study investigated whether race moderates the effect of age on juvenile court dispositions in ways that illuminate a subtler form of racial disparities than has been previously identified. Drawing on prior theory and research, we hypothesize that at young ages, virtually all youth are perceived as children and met with treatment-oriented responses. As youth grow older, however, we anticipate
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Incorrigibility and the Juvenile Homicide Offender: An Ecologically Valid Integrative Review Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-07-14 Michael Welner, Matt DeLisi, Michael T. Baglivio, Thomas J. Guilmette, Heather M. Knous-Westfall
The United States Supreme Court decision in Miller v. Alabama highlighted the importance of an individual’s “incorrigibility” and the prospect of “irreparable corruption” when weighing possible life sentencing for juveniles convicted of homicide. In this review, we study research in multiple content areas spanning homicide recidivism, life-course-persistent or career criminality, and psychopathology
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The Role of Arrest Risk Perception Formation in the Association Between Psychopathy and Aggressive Offending Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Sultan Altikrit, Joseph L. Nedelec, Ian Silver
Research on the role of risk perception as a mechanism linking personality traits and behavioral outcomes is limited. The current study assessed a developmental model of the influence of psychopathic traits (PPTs) on the between- and within-individual variation in perceptions of risk and aggressive offending. Multivariate latent growth curve models were used to estimate the role of risk perceptions
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Maturation as a Promoter of Change in Features of Psychopathy Between Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-07-09 Evan C. McCuish, Kelsey Gushue
The relationship between psychopathy and negative behavioral, social, and health outcomes has lead to calls to identify factors that promote change in features of psychopathy. Given that maturation has important implications for changes in personality more broadly, it also may be informative of changes in specific personality traits associated with psychopathy. Rocque’s integrated maturation theory
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Examining the Type of Legal Representation and Its Influence on Disaggregated Dispositions in Juvenile Court Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-07-08 Caitlin M. Brady, Jennifer H. Peck
While prior studies of juvenile court outcomes have examined the impact of legal representation on out-of-home placement versus community sanctions, previous research has not fully explored the variation within sanctions that youth receive. The current study examines the influence of type of legal representation (public defender or private attorney) when predicting juvenile adjudications and dispositions
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The Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on the Functional Impairment of Justice-Involved Adolescents: A Comparison of Baseline to Follow-Up Reports of Adversity Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-05-20 Jacquelynn F. Duron, Abigail Williams-Butler, Feng-Yi Y. Liu, Danielle Nesi, Kathleen Pirozzolo Fay, Bo-Kyung Elizabeth Kim
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have long been recognized for negatively influencing individual outcomes such that each additional ACE exposure increases the risk for negative health and behavioral outcomes. Little is known, however, about how the more recent accumulation of ACEs occurring in follow-up periods influence global functioning considering the past accumulation of ACEs reported at baseline
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Redesigning the Central Eight: Introducing the M-PACT Six Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-05-10 Xiaohan Mei, Zachary Hamilton, Melissa Kowalski, Alex Kigerl
Since their seminal work, Andrews and Bonta outlined the Central Eight assessment domains. As the landscape and utility of criminal justice assessments extended, tool developers expanded upon their initial development principles searching to further risk prediction gains. However, often overlooked in recent advancements is the foundation and usage of associated needs assessments. As a critical component
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Profile Analysis and Risk Assessment: Identifying Distinct Patterns of Risks and Needs Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 Christopher D’Amato, Christina A. Campbell, Jordan Papp, William Miller
The goal of this study was to identify distinct and meaningful profiles of the seven criminogenic risk and need domains included on the Ohio Youth Assessment System—Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS). This goal was accomplished by conducting a latent profile analysis (LPA) on a sample of 4,383 formally processed justice-involved youth assessed by the OYAS-DIS. The LPA determined there were six distinct profiles:
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Assessing Variations in Juvenile Court Processing in Urban Versus Rural Courts: Revisiting “Justice by Geography” Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-04-21 Jhon A. Pupo, Steven N. Zane
Drawing on Feld’s (1991) “justice by geography” thesis, we examined whether juvenile court outcomes and case-level influences on those outcomes varied across urban and rural courts. Using a sample of 60,068 juvenile referrals across 66 counties in one state, we estimated direct effects of urbanism on detention, petition, adjudication, and judicial placement, as well as cross-level interactions between
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All in the Family? Exploring the Intergenerational Transmission of Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Effect on Offending Behavior Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-03-26 Jessica M. Craig, Catia Malvaso, David P. Farrington
Research indicates that individuals with Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are more likely to offend, and that some ACEs, such as offending and child maltreatment, are transmitted from one generation to the next. However, the extent to which ACEs are transferred across generations and its subsequent impact on offending has not been examined. Using data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development
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Evaluating RNR-Based Targeted Treatment and Intervention Dosage in the Context of Traumatic Exposure Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2021-02-05 Michael T. Baglivio, Haley Zettler, Jessica M. Craig, Kevin T. Wolff
Best practices in juvenile justice call for the individualized matching of services to assessed dynamic risk factors, with services delivered at sufficient dosage. However, prior work has largely ignored whether this recipe for recidivism reduction is as effective for adolescents with extensive traumatic exposure as it is for those without. The current study leverages a statewide sample of 1,666 juveniles
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Trauma, Psychopathy, and Antisocial Outcomes Among Community Youth: Distinguishing Trauma Events From Trauma Reactions Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-12-30 Matt DeLisi, Pedro Pechorro, Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves, João Maroco
Psychopathy and trauma exposure are robustly associated with youth conduct problems, but the interrelation of these constructs is unclear. The objective of the present study is to examine psychopathy mediation effects related to trauma events and trauma reactions and juvenile delinquency, conduct disorder, crime seriousness, and proactive overt aggression outcomes. The sample consisted of N =388 (M
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Change in the Context of Relationships: The Effect of Visitation on Dynamic Risk Change Among Incarcerated Youth Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Brae Young
The consequences of incarceration for juveniles are vast and well-documented. There is some evidence, though, that youth can experience positive transformations, including improvements in dynamic risk during confinement. What we do not yet know is who is the most likely to make such transformations. Using a sample of 7,269 youth housed in residential placement facilities in Florida, this paper examines
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Positive Childhood Experiences (PCE): Cumulative Resiliency in the Face of Adverse Childhood Experiences Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Michael T. Baglivio, Kevin T. Wolff
The maltreatment-offending relationship has been well elucidated. Less examined are protective factors that effectively serve to mitigate offending among ACE-exposed youth. The current study examines whether cumulative positive childhood experiences (PCEs) are themselves associated with a reduction in recidivism among juvenile justice-involved adolescents, and the ability of cumulative PCE to moderate
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Have Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice Declined Over Time? An Empirical Assessment of the DMC Mandate Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 Steven N. Zane
The present study examines whether racial and ethnic disparities in juvenile justice declined significantly in a state that has made substantial reform efforts in compliance with the Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) mandate. Using a sample of all referrals in Connecticut with final disposition in 2000 (N = 18,458) or 2010 (N = 12,265), the study employed multilevel modeling with cross-level
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Probation Officer Assessments of Risk when the Youth Look Different: Contributions of Structured Professional Judgment to Concerns About Racial Bias Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Carla G. Munoz, Rachael T. Perrault, Gina M. Vincent
Various groups have expressed considerable concern about the potential for actuarial risk assessments to exacerbate racial disparities in justice settings. This study examined that potential when using a different approach to risk assessment, structured professional judgment (SPJ), by comparing risk decisions made by evaluators when the examinee’s race was different versus the same as theirs. A large
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Influence of Race in the Deep End of the Juvenile Justice System Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Ashlin Oglesby-Neal, Bryce Peterson
Racial inequalities pervade U.S. justice systems and are the focus of a growing body of research. However, there are fewer studies on racial disparities in juvenile justice settings, particularly on decisions points at the “deep end” of the system after youth have been adjudicated delinquent. The current study examines racial disparities in length of stay, institutional misconduct, and community program
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Bully Victimization, Truancy, and Violent Offending: Evidence From the ASEP Truancy Reduction Experiment Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-08-07 Stephanie M. Cardwell, Sarah Bennett, Lorraine Mazerolle
Research indicates truancy and being bullied (otherwise called bully victimization) are independently linked to violent offending. We examine the associations between truancy, bully victimization, and violent offending in a sample of young people who participated in the Ability School Engagement Program (ASEP) truancy reduction experiment. Pre-intervention, half of the sample reported missing school
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Heterogeneity in the Continuity and Change of Early and Adult Risk Factor Profiles of Incarcerated Individuals: A Latent Transition Analysis Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-07-31 Bryanna Fox, Kelly Kortright, Lexi Gill, Daniela Oramas Mora, Richard K. Moule, Jr, Edelyn Verona
Considerable research has examined risk factors for offending, but far less is known on the constellations of co-occurring risk factors, such as adverse childhood experiences and low self-control, and the overall continuity in risk between childhood/adolescence and adulthood. Using data on 735 adults incarcerated in a county jail in Florida, this study examines the latent heterogeneity in risk profiles
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The Interrelationship Between Empathy and Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Impact on Juvenile Recidivism Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 Chelsey Narvey, Jennifer Yang, Kevin T. Wolff, Michael Baglivio, Alex R. Piquero
Low empathy has been implicated in antisocial, aggressive, and criminal behavior, especially among adolescents. Less understood is the extent to which empathy is amenable to treatment, and whether an improvement in empathy can mitigate the deleterious effects of known risk factors, such as childhood maltreatment. A sample of 11,000 serious juvenile offenders in long-term residential placement is leveraged
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Much to Do About Trauma: A Systematic Review of Existing Trauma-Informed Treatments on Youth Violence and Recidivism Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 Haley R. Zettler
Research has demonstrated a relationship between childhood trauma, violence, and justice involvement. As juvenile justice systems have become more attune to the needs of traumatized youth, a number of trauma-informed treatment programs have been developed to mitigate the effects of trauma. Evaluations of trauma-informed treatment demonstrate their effectiveness in reducing trauma-related symptoms.
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Is the Foster Care-Crime Relationship a Consequence of Exposure? Examining Potential Moderating Factors Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 Jennifer Yang, Evan McCuish, Raymond Corrado
Youth who are dually involved in both foster care and criminal justice systems represent a small minority of individuals with multi-problem risk profiles. Prior research has found that foster care youth are disproportionately more likely to be chronic offenders in both adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, the nature of this relationship remains theoretically underexplored and empirically underexamined
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Are the Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Violent Recidivism Offense-Specific? Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 Jessica M. Craig, Haley R. Zettler
A growing body of literature has found that exposure to child maltreatment and other forms of family dysfunction, often conceptualized as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), are associated with delinquent and criminal behavior. Recent research has indicated that the effects of ACEs on offending may differ not only by offense type but also by sex and race/ethnicity. However, no study to-date has investigated
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Letter From Guest Editor Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Jessica M. Craig
When Editor Trulson asked me to guest edit a special issue of Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, I took some time to reflect on how best to position my primary area of interest—developmental criminology—within the scope of the journal’s focus. Some of the more recent work from this paradigm has concentrated on the impact of early traumatic experiences on subsequent offending. Indeed, scholars have
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Belief in the Code of the Street and Individual Involvement in Offending: A Meta-Analysis Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-06-05 Richard K. Moule, Jr, Bryanna Fox
Anderson’s Code of the Street thesis suggests that stronger belief in, and adherence to, subcultural “street code” norms increases the risk of criminal and aggressive behaviors, particularly among adolescents and young adults in urban communities. This study uses a meta-analysis to assess the overall relationship between individual belief in the street code and risk of offending. Effect sizes (n =
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The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Psychopathic Features on Juvenile Offending Criminal Careers to Age 18 Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 Michael T. Baglivio, Kevin T. Wolff, Matt DeLisi, Katherine Jackowski
Childhood maltreatment and inept parental disciplinary, attachment, and monitoring practices evidence a relationship with early and severe childhood and adolescent aggression and have figured prominently as causative factors in theoretical and empirical underpinnings of lifelong antisocial behavior. Abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction have been linked to both violent offending and higher scores
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Responding to Crossover Youth: A Look Beyond Recidivism Outcomes Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 Emily M. Wright, Ryan Spohn, Michael Campagna
Crossover youth are involved in both child welfare and juvenile justice systems. The Crossover Youth Practice Model (CYPM) promotes collaboration between these systems to inform decision making between the two agencies and better serve these youth. Yet, few outcome evaluations of the CYPM exist, especially those that assess outcomes beyond recidivism, such as case dispositions, case closure, or placement
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Unraveling the Bidirectional Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and Perpetration: A Test of Mechanisms From Opportunity and General Strain Theories Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-05-04 Glenn D. Walters
This study tested two theories designed to explain the bullying perpetration–victimization relationship. Peer delinquency was hypothesized to mediate the pathway from bullying perpetration to victimization, in line with opportunity, lifestyle, and routine activities theories, and anger was held to mediate the pathway from bullying victimization to perpetration as set forth in general strain theory
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Examining the “Gang Penalty” in the Juvenile Justice System: A Focal Concerns Perspective Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-04-15 D’Andre Walker, Gabriel T. Cesar
There are hundreds of thousands of juvenile gang members in the United States who are at heightened risk of criminal offending, violent victimization, and incarceration. Importantly, however, incarceration in itself is a lifelong risk factor for negative social outcomes. That said, little is known about the effects of gang membership on the sentencing outcomes of juvenile offenders. The primary research
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Psychiatric Disorders and Future Violent Arrests: A Prospective Study Among Detained Girls Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-04-10 Olivier F. Colins, Lore Van Damme
This study scrutinizes if detained girls with psychiatric disorders were at risk for future violent arrests during adolescence. A structured diagnostic interview was performed to determine the presence of various psychiatric disorders in 313 detained girls. Official juvenile arrest records were collected. With three exceptions that are in need of replication, psychiatric disorders (e.g., post-traumatic
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Retrospective Study of Fire Setting Among Boys in a Child Welfare Sample Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 Alexandra L. Brereton, Raina V. Lamade, Austin F. Lee, Ann Schuler, Robert A. Prentky
This study aimed to assess fire-setting behaviors within a child welfare sample. The youth were divided into four groups based on their fire-setting behavior (e.g., no incidents, one incident, multiple minor incidents, and multiple severe incidents). Groups were compared based on five factors: overt antisocial behavior, covert antisocial behavior, global adjustment, psychiatric history, and learning
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Transforming Practice Through Culture Change: Probation Staff Perspectives on Juvenile Justice Reform Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 Sino Esthappan, Johanna Lacoe, Janine M. Zweig, Douglas W. Young
Probation plays a central role in the juvenile justice system, and probation officers are often involved in numerous decisions made in juvenile courts. This study examines the views of probation staff from 23 jurisdictions, some of which participated in an Annie E. Casey Foundation–funded juvenile justice reform effort intended to safely and significantly reduce the use of out-of-home placements, especially
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Youth Pathways: Evaluating the Influence of Gender, Involvement With the Public Mental Health System, Perceived Mental Health Need, and Traumatic Experiences on Juvenile Justice System Processing Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-11-27 Erin M. Espinosa, Jonathan R. Sorensen, Scott Walfield
This study examined the influence of gender, participation in public mental health services, perceived mental health need, and traumatic experiences on juvenile justice system processing. Data were collected on youth formally processed for delinquency or status offenses by a large statewide juvenile justice system and youth served by the state’s public mental health system during a 7-year period (n
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Exploring the School-to-Prison Pipeline: How School Suspensions Influence Incarceration During Young Adulthood Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-10-31 Paul Hemez, John J. Brent, Thomas J. Mowen
A growing body of research has evoked the life-course perspective to understand how experiences in school relate to a wide range of longer term life outcomes. This is perhaps best typified by the notion of the school-to-prison pipeline which refers to a process by which youth who experience punitive punishment in schools are increasingly enmeshed within the criminal justice system. While this metaphor
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Understanding Changes in Youth Offenders’ Risk Profiles: A Latent Transition Analysis Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-10-28 Xuexin Xu, Dongdong Li, Chi Meng Chu, Grace S. Chng, Kala Ruby
This study examined youth probationers’ risk profiles at the start and the end of probation and the types of transition in risk profiles over time. It further identified the association between the transition types, their adverse family background as well as their probation completion status. Using a sample of 935 youth probationers in Singapore, a latent transition analysis was conducted based on
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Does Future Orientation Moderate the Relationship Between Impulse Control and Offending? Insights From a Sample of Serious Young Offenders Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-09-23 Damon M. Petrich, Christopher J. Sullivan
Researchers have recently begun to examine motivational factors as moderators of the relationship between self-control and offending behavior. The current study extends prior work by investigating whether three aspects of future orientation (aspirations, expectations, and the use of future-oriented cognitive and behavioral strategies) play such a role. Drawing on 7 years of data from the Pathways to
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Understanding the Subgroup Complexities of Transfer: The Impact of Juvenile Race and Gender on Waiver Decisions Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-08-19 Sara L. Bryson, Jennifer H. Peck
While prior research has consistently found the presence of extralegal disparities in juvenile justice decision-making, less research has investigated the combined effects of a juvenile’s race and gender on the decision to transfer youth to adult court. The current study examines both the individual and joint influence of race and gender on transfer decisions of all judicial waiver-eligible youth in
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Perceived Gun Access and Gun Carrying Among Male Adolescent Offenders Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-07-28 Spencer Keil, Jordan Beardslee, Carol Schubert, Edward Mulvey, Dustin Pardini
Gun violence takes a significant toll on adolescents in the United States, and there is a lack of longitudinal research on perceptual factors that drive gun carrying. Notably, there is no information on the relationship between perception of gun accessibility and gun carrying. Using data collected between 2000 and 2006 in the Pathways to Desistance Study, we examine the effects of perceived access
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Validation of the Ohio Youth Assessment System Dispositional Tool (OYAS-DIS): An Examination of Race and Gender Differences Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-07-17 Christina A. Campbell, Christopher D’Amato, Jordan Papp
The Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS) is a juvenile risk assessment that is used in numerous states and jurisdictions to assess criminogenic risk of juvenile offenders. Still, there is little published research on the predictive validity of the tool. The purpose of the current study was to examine the predictive validity of OYAS-DIS, with a specific focus on understanding prediction
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What Becomes of Chronic Juvenile Delinquents? Multifinality at Midlife Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-06-25 Alan J. Drury, Matt DeLisi, Michael J. Elbert
Popular in the field of developmental psychopathology, multifinality means that an initial condition or status can manifest in diverse outcomes across life. Using a near population of federal correctional clients selected from the Midwestern United States, the current study examined the association of chronic delinquent offender status on assorted life outcomes at midlife (average age of offenders
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All in the Family: An Examination of the Predictors of Visitation Among Committed Juvenile Offenders Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-06-20 Brae Campion Young, Carter Hay
Scholarship highlights the importance of visitation in improving the lives of prisoners across numerous domains including mental health, adjustment to confinement, and postrelease success. Although research on adult inmates has examined factors that predict visitation, no such study exists for juvenile offenders. Moreover, because this existing research has relied largely on administrative data, no
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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Gang Involvement Among Juvenile Offenders: Assessing the Mediation Effects of Substance Use and Temperament Deficits Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-06-11 Kevin T. Wolff, Michael T. Baglivio, Hannah J. Klein, Alex R. Piquero, Matt DeLisi, James C. (Buddy) Howell
A growing body of research has demonstrated the deleterious effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Less understood is the role of ACEs in gang involvement among juvenile offenders. The current longitudinal study employs a sample of 104,267 juvenile offenders (mean age of 16, 76% male, 46% Black non-Hispanic, 15.7% Hispanic) to examine the effect of ACE exposure on two different measures of
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The Role of Protective Factors in the Predictive Accuracy of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-03-21 Melanie F. P. Soderstrom, Kristina K. Childs, Paul J. Frick
The use of risk assessment instruments has become standard procedure in the juvenile justice system. Most empirical assessments of the predictive validity of these instruments concentrate on the ability of a total risk score, individual risk factors, or risk domains to predict negative juvenile outcomes but fail to consider the utility of the protective factors in influencing or moderating those risks
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Further Evaluating the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Antisocial Behavior, and Violent Victimization: A Sibling-Comparison Analysis Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-02-26 Eric J. Connolly
A developing line of research suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk for antisocial behavior and future victimization. However, the mechanisms that underlie this association remain largely speculative. To address this gap in the existing body of research, data on full siblings from a large population-based sample of youth were analyzed to evaluate the direct effect of
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Positive Parents and Negative Peers: Assessing the Nature and Order of Caregiver and Friend Effects in Predicting Early Delinquency Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2019-02-20 Glenn D. Walters
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nature and direction of the relationship between parenting and peer effects in predicting early delinquency. The parenting–peer relationship was evaluated in 1,734 (811 male, 923 female) early adolescent members (mean age = 12.10 years) of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) study. A seven-equation path analysis was performed across three
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College Aspirations Among Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders: The Importance of Maternal Education and Neglect Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2018-12-30 Kristen P. Kremer, Michael G. Vaughn
Youth incarcerated in juvenile detention facilities in Western Pennsylvania completed questionnaires related to family history, educational attainment, and psychological traits. Linear regression models were conducted to examine the influence of family and individual trait factors on youth’s aspirations to attend college. Nearly 90% of youth aspired to attend college. Findings from regression analyses
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Using Latent Class Analysis to Explore Subtypes of Youth Who Have Committed Sexual Offenses Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2018-12-25 Adam Brown
Attempts to identify typologies of youth who have committed sexual offenses have been challenged by their overlapping characteristics with youth who have committed nonsexual crimes, as well as methodological limitations that make the results difficult to translate into direct practice. In the current study, a technical new way of identifying subtypes of these young people was proposed using latent
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“Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones, But Bullying Will Get Me Bangin’”: Bullying Involvement and Adolescent Gang Joining Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2018-11-15 Walter W. Shelley, Dana Peterson
Studies have shown that adolescents’ involvement in bullying (as perpetrators, victims, or both) is related to more negative outcomes than noninvolvement, and a small subset of studies has connected bullying to the specific outcome of gang involvement. However, most of these studies have been cross-sectional and have not examined causal pathways by which bullying and gang involvement may be related
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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Justice-Involved Youth Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (IF 4.767) Pub Date : 2018-11-01 Melissa A. Kowalski
Studies have demonstrated that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent in justice-involved youth and related to recidivism. However, the effect of programming on reducing reoffending for youth with a trauma history is not well researched. This study aims to examine the prevalence of ACEs across different subsets of justice-involved youth, as well as the impact of family-based programming