OBJECTIVE We assessed the factors that legitimized the police in the United States at an important moment of history, just after the police killing of George Floyd in 2020. We also evaluated one way of incorporating perceptions of systemic racism into procedural justice theory. HYPOTHESES We tested two primary hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that perceptions of police procedural justice, distributive justice, and bounded authority were important to the legitimization of the police. The second hypothesis was that perceptions of the under- and overpolicing of Black communities also mattered to the delegitimization of the institution, especially for people who identified with the Black Lives Matter movement. METHOD A cross-sectional quota sample survey of 1,500 U.S. residents was conducted in June 2020. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and latent moderated structural equation modeling. RESULTS People who viewed the police as legitimate also tended to believe that police treated people with respect and dignity, made decisions in unbiased ways, fairly allocated their finite resources across groups in society, and respected the limits of their rightful authority. Moreover, people who believed that Black communities were underpoliced and overpoliced also tended to question the legitimacy of the police, especially if they identified with the Black Lives Matter movement. These results held among Black and White study participants alike. CONCLUSIONS At the time of the study, systemic racism in policing may have delegitimized the institution in a way that transcended the factors that procedural justice theory focuses on, such as procedural justice. This was especially so for individuals who identified with a social movement, Black Lives Matter, that had an extremely high profile in 2020. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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以程序正义理论为中心的种族：结构性种族主义和黑人社区的警务不足和过度。

目标 我们评估了在 2020 年警察杀害乔治·弗洛伊德 (George Floyd) 之后的一个重要历史时刻使美国警察合法化的因素。我们还评估了一种将系统性种族主义观念纳入程序正义理论的方法。假设 我们检验了两个主要假设。第一个假设是，对警察程序正义、分配正义和有限权力的看法对警察的合法化很重要。第二个假设是，对黑人社区监管不足和过度监管的看法也对该机构的合法化产生了影响，尤其是对于那些认同“黑人的命也是命”运动的人来说。方法 2020 年 6 月对 1,500 名美国居民进行了横断面配额抽样调查。使用验证性因素分析、结构方程模型和潜在调节结构方程模型分析数据。结果 认为警察合法的人也倾向于认为警察以尊重和尊严对待人，以公正的方式做出决定，在社会各群体之间公平地分配他们有限的资源，并尊重他们合法权力的限制。此外，认为黑人社区警力不足和警力过度的人也倾向于质疑警察的合法性，尤其是当他们认同“黑人的命也是命”运动时。这些结果在黑人和白人研究参与者中都是一致的。结论 在研究期间，警务中的系统性种族主义可能以超越程序正义理论关注的因素（例如程序正义）的方式使该机构失去合法性。对于认同社会运动 Black Lives Matter 的个人来说尤其如此，该运动在 2020 年具有极高的知名度。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。