A mathematical model is proposed to the pulsatile flow of blood in a tapered artery with mild constriction. This study considers blood as an electrically conducting, non-Newtonian fluid (Jeffrey fluid) which contains magnetic nanoparticles. As blood conducts electricity, it exerts an electric force along the flow direction due to the induced magnetic force by an applied magnetic field which produces

We present a strategy for image data sparsification based on a multiple multiresolution representation obtained through a structured tree of filterbanks, where both the filters and decimation matrices may vary with the decomposition level. As an extension of standard wavelet and wavelet-like approaches, our method also captures directional anisotropic information of the image while maintaining a controlled

Statistical models are often structurally unidentifiable, because different sets of parameters can lead to equal model outcomes. To be useful for prediction and parameter inference from data, stochastic population models need to be identifiable, this meaning that model parameters can be uniquely inferred from a large number of model observations. In particular, precise estimation of feeding rates in

We focus on strongly connected, strong for short, digraphs since in this setting distance is defined for every pair of vertices. Distance ideals generalize the spectrum and Smith normal form of several distance matrices associated with strong digraphs. We introduce the concept of pattern which allow us to characterize the family Γ1 of digraphs with only one trivial distance ideal over Z. This result

Cooperation plays a crucial role in addressing social dilemmas, yet inequality complicates the achievement of cooperation. This paper explores how environmental feedback mechanisms influence the evolution of cooperation within unequal groups. We construct a public goods game model that includes productivity and endowment inequalities and introduce a dynamic environmental feedback mechanism to study

Using the O'Nan-Scott Theorem for classifying the primitive permutation group, the classification problem of 3-design is discussed. And the block-transitive and point-primitive automorphism groups of a 3-(v,k,2) designs is reduced to affine type and almost simple type.

A span of a given graph G is the maximum distance that two players can keep at all times while visiting all vertices (edges) of G and moving according to certain rules, that produces different variants of span. We prove that the vertex and edge span of the same variant can differ by at most 1 and present a graph where the difference is exactly 1. For all variants of vertex span we present a lower bound

An induced matching is defined as a set of edges whose end-vertices induce a subgraph that is 1-regular. Building upon the work of Gupta et al. (2012) [11] and Basavaraju et al. (2016) [1], who determined the maximum number of maximal induced matchings in general and triangle-free graphs respectively, this paper extends their findings to connected graphs with n vertices. We establish a tight upper

The maneuvering problem for nonlinear systems under stochastic disturbances is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the maneuvering control objectives in their stochastic version are described in the sense of moment with tunable design parameters. Then, quartic Lyapunov functions of stabilizing errors are adopted to deal with the unknown covariance noise. Based on the adaptive law and the filter-gradient

This article investigates the containment control problem for multi-agent systems (MASs) that are affected by aperiodic denial-of-service attacks using event-triggered strategies (ETSs) in a directed graph. To overcome the limitation of the Luenberger observer, which requires a trade-off between rise time and overshoot, we design a reset observer with improved error convergence performance and more

In the face of collective motion, people often face a binary decision: they may interact with others and pay for communication, or they can choose to go alone and forgo these costs. Evolutionary game theory (EGT) emerges in this setting as a crucial paradigm to address this complex issue. In this study, an EGT-based Vicsek with a fixed number of neighbors is proposed. It assumed that the agent had

As the number of links and processors in an interconnection network increases, faulty links and processors are constantly emerging. When a network fails, how to evaluate the state of the network and optimize the reliability of the network itself is the focus of attention in recent years. Therefore, the design of network structure and network reliability evaluation are particularly significant. In recent

The dissemination of information and the adoption of immunization behaviors are vital for preventing infection during epidemics. Positive and negative information have different influences on the decision to accept immunization behaviors, and individuals make decisions about whether to accept immunization based on both subjective cognizance and objective environmental factors. A three-layer propagation

We express the interpolating cubic splines of class C2 in their new, explicit forms. We construct the desired forms, the spline's Hermitian and B-spline representations for both equidistant and arbitrary nodes. During this process we demonstrate an innovative way to compute the inverse of a special class of tridiagonal matrices. Afterward, we propose the corresponding interpolating spline based linear

This paper investigates the anti-windup design for networked time-delay systems subject to saturating actuators under the round-robin protocol. Firstly, the actual measurement output is represented by the model that is dependent on a periodic function. Then, using the generalized delay-dependent sector condition, the augmented periodic Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional together with certain inequalities

We study the spectral properties of flipped Toeplitz matrices of the form Hn(f)=YnTn(f), where Tn(f) is the n×n Toeplitz matrix generated by the function f and Yn is the n×n exchange (or flip) matrix having 1 on the main anti-diagonal and 0 elsewhere. In particular, under suitable assumptions on f, we establish an alternating sign relationship between the eigenvalues of Hn(f), the eigenvalues of Tn(f)

This study explores a distinctive scenario within the e-commerce platform supply chain. To assess the performance of these entities, we develop models for both centralized and decentralized decision-making frameworks. Furthermore, we investigate the stability and dynamic behavior of the system during prolonged decentralized model interactions. We found that centralized decision-making has a significant

The exponential stabilization for spatial multiple-fractional advection-diffusion-reaction system (SMFADRS) is considered, and for the disturbed SMFADRS, the finite-time H∞ stabilization is investigated. To ensure the considered system to achieve the desired performance, a distributed controller is designed to be located in the sub-intervals of the whole spatial domain. Then, by deriving an improved

We consider the steady 2D and 3D Navier-Stokes equations with homogeneous mixed boundary conditions and the action of an external force. The classical do-nothing (CDN) boundary condition is replaced by a regularized directional do-nothing (RDDN) condition which depends on a parameter 0<δ≪1. After establishing the well-posedness of the Navier-Stokes equations with RDDN condition, we prove the convergence

This paper deals with numerical computation and analysis for the initial value problems (IVPs) of linear nonhomogeneous neutral pantograph equations. For solving this kind of IVPs, a class of extended k-step variable-coefficient backward differentiation formula (BDF) methods with fully-geometric grid are constructed. It is proved under the suitable conditions that an extended k-step variable-coefficient

Weighted compact nonlinear schemes are a class of high-order finite difference schemes that are widely used in applications. The schemes are flexible in the choice of numerical fluxes. When applied to complex configurations, curvilinear grids are often applied, where the symmetric conservative metric method can be used to ensure geometric conservation laws. However, for complex configurations it may

This paper investigates the problem of finite-time H∞ fault-tolerant control for uncertain Markov jump systems with generally bounded transition probabilities using a two-step dynamic event-triggered approach. A novel framework is proposed to optimize data transmission and improve fault tolerance via this approach. First, a dynamic event-triggered mechanism and an observer are introduced where a virtual

In this paper we propose a novel macroscopic (fluid dynamics) model for describing pedestrian flow in low and high density regimes. The model is characterized by the fact that the maximal density reachable by the crowd – usually a fixed model parameter – is instead a state variable. To do that, the model couples a conservation law, devised as usual for tracking the evolution of the crowd density, with

Individual interactions play a crucial role in the co-evolution process of awareness and epidemics; these interactions involve pairwise and higher-order types. Previous research usually assumed that individual interactions are all valid and static, overlooking the fact that some interactions may be invalid and time-varying. Notably, diffusion phenomena cannot occur if interactions lose their validity

A proper conflict-free l-coloring of a graph G is a proper l-coloring satisfying that for any non-isolated vertex v∈V(G), there exists a color appearing exactly once in NG(v). The proper conflict-free chromatic number, denoted by χpcf(G), is the minimal integer l so that G admits a proper conflict-free l-coloring. This notion was proposed by Fabrici et al. in 2022. They focus mainly on proper conflict-free

An exemplary cooperation strategy with completely altruistic behavior is studied in this paper. This strategy not only exhibits altruism comparable to that of ordinary cooperators, but also exerts a power of good example through its unconditional cost, and influences the defector to give unforced-feedback. The findings indicate that even in the face of high temptation, exemplary cooperation strategies

Isospectral reduction is an important tool for network/matrix analysis as it reduces the dimension of a matrix/network while preserving its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The main contribution of this manuscript is a proposed algorithmic scheme to approximate the stationary measure of a stochastic matrix based on isospectral reductions. We run numerical experiments that indicate this scheme is advantageous

We introduce a novel iterative method achieving eighth-order convergence, establishing its optimality for solving non-linear systems. A rigorous analysis of convergence order is presented, complemented by investigations into both efficiency indices and the complex dynamics of the proposed method. To assess its performance, extensive numerical experiments are conducted, facilitating comparative analysis

A bipartite graph Γ is a bi-Cayley graph over a group H if H⩽AutΓ acts regularly on each part of Γ. A bi-Cayley graph Γ over a group H is said to be core-free if H is core-free in the bipartition-preserving subgroup of X for X⩽AutΓ. In this paper, a classification is given for cubic core-free s-arc-transitive bi-Cayley graphs.

Our research is devoted to investigating the convergence and stability in mean square of the stochastic θ-methods applied to neutral stochastic differential delay equations (NSDDEs) with super-linearly growing coefficients. Under a coupled monotonicity condition, we show that the numerical approximations of the stochastic θ-methods with θ∈[12,1] converge to the exact solution of NSDDEs strongly with

In this paper, we present the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for a nonlinear hyperbolic integro-differential equation. We discuss the semi-discrete and fully-discrete error analysis of the method. For the semi-discrete error analysis, an extended type mixed Ritz-Volterra projection is introduced for the model problem. It helps to achieve the optimal order of convergence for the unknown

A structure-preserving two-level numerical method with sixth-order in both time and space is proposed for solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with wave operator. By introducing auxiliary variables to transform the original equation into a system, structure-preserving high-order difference scheme is obtained by applying the Crank-Nicolson method and the sixth-order difference operators for discretizing

This study investigates observer-based dynamic event-triggered (DET) second-level model predictive control (MPC) for a specific class of nonlinear time-delay cyber-physical systems (CPSs) under hybrid attacks on the sensor-controller (S-C) channel and controller-actuator (C-A) channel. A dynamic event-triggered mechanism with adaptive bias components is developed to reduce trigger frequency, uphold

In this article, the problem of observer-based security control for interval type-2 nonlinear networked systems with stochastic communication protocol (SCP) and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is investigated. To begin with, considering the limited network bandwidth, a novel SCP is proposed to avoid data conflicts in information transmission. In particular, compared with the existing SCP, the SCP constructed

This paper investigates adaptive fixed-time state constrained tracking control problem for uncertain switched nonlinear systems, even if the fixed-time tracking control problem for each subsystem is not solvable. Based on the given fixed-time stability conditions, fixed-time stability criterion is established for switched nonlinear systems by developing a new multiple Lyapunov functions method. Then

Finite-time stability and explicit solutions are considered for nonhomogeneous fractional systems with pure delay. First, explicit solutions are obtained by using new delayed Mittag-Leffler-type matrix functions. Second, the finite-time stability results are obtained by utilizing these explicit solutions and the norm estimate of these delayed Mittag-Leffler-type matrix functions. The results improve

This study investigates the dynamics of predator-prey interactions in both deterministic and stochastic environments, with a focus on the ecological implications of predator harvesting. Theoretical and numerical analyses explore local stability, bifurcations, and bionomic equilibria to identify sustainable harvesting strategies. Our findings reveal that increasing predator harvesting rates can induce

This article is concerned with constructing solutions involving nonlinear waves to a three-constant two-dimensional Riemann problem for a reduced hyperbolic model describing a thin film flow of a perfectly soluble anti-surfactant solution. Here, we solve the Riemann problem without the limitation that each jump of the initial data emanates exactly one planar elementary wave. We obtain ten topologically

In this contribution, we extend the hybridization framework for the Hodge Laplacian [Awanou et al. (2023) [16]] to port-Hamiltonian systems describing linear wave propagation phenomena. To this aim, a dual field mixed Galerkin discretization is introduced, in which one variable is approximated via conforming finite element spaces, whereas the second is completely local. The mixed formulation is then

Buchanan and Lillo both conjectured that oscillatory solutions of the first-order delay differential equation with positive feedback x′(t)=p(t)x(τ(t)), t≥0, where 0≤p(t)≤1, 0≤t−τ(t)≤2.75+ln⁡2,t∈R, are asymptotic to a shifted multiple of a unique periodic solution. This special solution can also be described from the more general perspective of the mixed feedback case (sign-changing p), thanks to its

This paper explores the consensus issue in second-order generalized nonlinear multiagent systems (MAS) that involve uncertain nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances from the system. Suppose that the uncertain nonlinear terms can be approximated by neural networks with nonlinear residues. Through the incorporation of localized adaptive observer and disturbance observer for each agent, we propose

Drawing on social learning theory, which emphasizes the dual influence of direct and indirect experience on behavior, this study extends the Spatial Prisoner's Dilemma game framework through three key innovations. First, we develop a link weight adjustment mechanism that incorporates tolerance, a previously neglected factor. Second, we extend the interaction probability model by integrating both direct

Indirect reciprocity, as a primary mechanism for cooperation between unrelated individuals, evaluates individuals' behavior and assigns reputation labels based on social norms. Since evaluating reputation is challenging in practice, unlike previous studies, we do not introduce the reputation evaluation rule but only record two recent action information as individuals' labels, including the most recent

The game of Showcase Showdown with unlimited spins is investigated as an n-players continuous game, and the Nash Equilibrium strategies for the players are obtained. The sequential game with information on the results of the previous players is studied, as well as three variants: no information, possibility of draw, and different modalities of winner payoff.

Exploring evolutionary updating rules more consistent with individual cognitive processes is crucial to the study of human cooperation. A considerable number of dynamic models describing human decision-making behavior lack empirical evidence. We have conducted a behavioral experiment and proposed a hypothesis that human players make decisions based on proportional change rather than absolute difference

This paper investigates the input-to-state stabilization (ISS) problem for nonlinear impulsive systems under event-triggered impulsive control (ETIC), encompassing comprehensive considerations of external continuous and impulsive disturbances. Some flexible design criteria of ETIC strategies are proposed for ISS of addressed systems based on Lyapunov theory without Zeno behavior, which can effectively

Due to the fact that higher-order interactions in neural networks significantly enhance the accuracy and depth of network modeling and analysis, this paper investigates the synchronization problem in such networks by employing a novel intermittent control method. Firstly, higher-order interactions in the fractional coupled neural network model are considered, extending the traditional understanding

In this note we study the unsteady rectilinear flow of a fluid whose constitutive equation mimics that of a viscoplastic material. The constitutive relation is non-linear and is such that the stress cannot exceed a certain limit (limit stress fluid). The mathematical problem consists of the mass balance and the linear momentum equations as well as the initial and boundary conditions. We assume that

This article targets at addressing the controllability problem of a new introduced fractional-order impulsive and switching systems with time delay (FOISSTD). Toward this end, the algebraic method is adopted to establish the relevant controllability conditions. First, we obtain the solution representation of FOISSTD over every subinterval by resorting to the successive iterations and Laplace transform

Pest control is an important application of the Filippov system in ecology and has attracted much attention. Many studies on Filippov pest-natural enemy systems have been done by employing the widely recognized Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy. However, those studies primarily focused on planar Filippov models without considering the stage structure of populations. It is well-known that almost

In the era of big data, open data has become a critical factor in production. To establish a stable and long-term open data management mechanism, we investigate the evolution of cooperative behaviors in open data management based on networked evolutionary games, where complex networks are used to model the interaction structure between open data managers and game theory is employed to illustrate the

Since their introduction [1,2], multi-species mass-transfer particle tracking (or MTPT) algorithms have been used to accurately simulate advective and dispersive transport of solutes, even within systems that feature nonlinear chemical reactions. The MTPT methods were originally derived from a probabilistic or first-principles perspective and have previously lacked a more rigorous derivation arising

For any two vertices u and v of a connected graph G, the resistance distance between u and v is defined as the effective resistance between them in the corresponding electrical network created by placing a unit resistor on each edge of G. The Kirchhoff index of G is defined as the sum of resistance distances between all pairs of vertices in G. Let Kr− be the graph obtained from the complete graph Kr

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder with complicated pathogenesis. The approved AD drugs cannot block or reverse the pathologic progression of AD. In this study, a method based on Logistic Matrix Factorization and Similarity Network Fusion (MLMFSNF) is proposed for screening out the Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and active ingredients targeting AD targets. Firstly, TCMs for AD

In this paper, two numerical methods for solving the initial boundary value problem of one-dimensional nonlinear Generalized Benjamin-Borne-Mahony-Burgers equation are presented. Both methods utilize a fourth-order backward difference scheme for the discretization of the first-order derivative in the time direction, and apply a fourth-order compact difference scheme and a fourth-order Padé scheme to

Considering the initial singularity, a fully discrete two-grid finite element method (FEM) on nonuniform temporal meshes is constructed for the semilinear time-fractional variable coefficient diffusion equations (TF-VCDEs) with Caputo-Hadamard derivative. The nonuniform Llog⁡,2−1σ formula and two-grid method are employed to discretize the time and space directions, respectively. Through strict theoretical

Demand-Driven Material Requirement Planning (DDMRP) represents a combination of traditional Material Requirements Planning (MRP) and the reorder point method. A key consideration in DDMRP revolves around determining the optimal position of decoupling points, also referred to as strategic inventory positions. This article addresses the question of where these decoupling points should be strategically

In this article, a direct method for the numerical solution of multi-term fractional differential equations is proposed. The method is based on transforming the original equation into an equivalent system of multi-order fractional equations. This system is discretized by fractional derivatives of Riesz spline wavelets and the collocation method. Then the original problem is transformed into a system

In this note we study the behavior of the coefficients of the Taylor method when computing the numerical solution of stiff Ordinary Differential Equations. First, we derive an asymptotic formula for the growth of the stability region w.r.t. the order of the Taylor method. Then, we analyze the behavior of the Taylor coefficients of the solution when the equation is stiff. Using jet transport, we show

This paper addresses the bipartite leader-following consensus problem for general linear multi-agent systems (MASs) with unknown disturbances under directed communication topology. A novel control strategy is proposed to effectively mitigate disturbances and reduce unnecessary triggering actions, thereby conserving resources. The strategy consists of double dynamic event-triggered mechanisms (DDETM)