Let Z[Q32] be the group ring where Q32=〈x,y|x8=y2,xyx=y〉 is the quaternion group of order 32 and ε the augmentation map. We show that, if PX=K(x−1) and PX=K(−xy+1) has solution over Z[Q32] and all m×m minors of ε(P) are relatively prime, then the linear system PX=K has a solution over Z[Q32]. As a consequence of such results, we show that there is no map f:W→MQ32 that is strongly surjective, i.e.,

We give estimations of the nilpotency class and the p-primary exponent of the total Cohen groups [Ω(Sr+1),Ω(X)] especially, when X is the projective space over K=R,C, the field of reals or complex numbers and H, the quaternionic skew R-algebra.

We compute the factorization homology of the four-punctured sphere and punctured torus over the quantum group 𝒰q(𝔰𝔩2) explicitly as categories of equivariant modules using the framework developed by Ben-Zvi et al. We identify the algebra of 𝒰q(𝔰𝔩2)-invariants (quantum global sections) with the spherical double affine Hecke algebra of type (C1∨,C1), in the four-punctured sphere case, and with

We consider embeddings of 3-manifolds M in S4 such that the two complementary regions X and Y each have nilpotent fundamental group. If β=β1(M) is odd then these groups are abelian and β≤3. In general π1(X) and π1(Y) have 3-generator presentations, and β≤6. We give two examples illustrating our results.

The Gukov–Manolescu series, denoted by FK, is a conjectural invariant of knot complements that, in a sense, analytically continues the colored Jones polynomials. In this paper we use the large color R-matrix to study FK for some simple links. Specifically, we give a definition of FK for positive braid knots, and compute FK for various knots and links. As a corollary, we present a class of “strange

In this paper the simplest n-correct sets in the plane — GCn sets are studied. An n-correct node set 𝒳 is called GCn set if the fundamental polynomial of each node is a product of n linear factors. We say that a node uses a line if the line is a factor of the fundamental polynomial of this node. A line is called k-node line if it passes through exactly k nodes of 𝒳. At most n+1 nodes can be collinear

Joyce showed that for a classical knot K, the involutory medial quandle IMQ(K) is isomorphic to the core quandle of the homology group H1(X2), where X2 is the cyclic double cover of 𝕊3, branched over K. It follows that |IMQ(K)|=|detK|. In this paper, the extension of Joyce’s result to classical links is discussed. Among other things, we show that for a classical link L of μ≥2 components, the order

We present four models for a random graph and show that, in each case, the probability that a graph is intrinsically knotted goes to one as the number of vertices increases. We also argue that, for n≥18, most graphs of order n are intrinsically knotted and, for n≥2m+9, most of order n are not m-apex. We observe that p(n)=1/n is the threshold for intrinsic knotting and linking in Gilbert’s model.

We examine the relation between the gauge groups of \(\mathrm {SU}(n)\)- and \(\mathrm {PU}(n)\)-bundles over \(S^{2i}\), with \(2\le i\le n\), particularly when n is a prime. As special cases, for \(\mathrm {PU}(5)\)-bundles over \(S^4\), we show that there is a rational or p-local equivalence \(\mathcal {G}_{2,k}\simeq _{(p)}\mathcal {G}_{2,l}\) for any prime p if, and only if, \((120,k)=(120,l)\)

We classify closed 3-braids which are L-space knots.

Let C(X) be the hyperspace of all subcontinua of a metric continuum X. An element A∈C(X) makes a hole in C(X) if C(X)−{A} is not unicoherent. In this paper, we characterize the elements A∈C(X) satisfying that A makes a hole in C(X) when X has property (b).

Vector fields and line fields, their counterparts without orientations on tangent lines, are familiar objects in the theory of dynamical systems. Among the techniques used in their study, the Morse–Smale decomposition of a (generic) field plays a fundamental role, relating the geometric structure of phase space to a combinatorial object consisting of critical points and separatrices. Such concepts

We raise the problem of realisability of rings as {X,X} the ring of stable homotopy classes of self-maps of a space X. By focusing on An2-polyhedra, we show that the direct sum of three endomorphism rings of abelian groups, one of which must be free, is realisable as {X,X} modulo the acyclic maps. We also show that Fp3 is not realisable in the setting of finite type An2-polyhedra, for p any prime.

An algebraically fibering group is an algebraic generalization of the fibered 3-manifold group in higher dimensions. Let M(P) and M(E) be the cusped and compact hyperbolic real moment-angled manifolds associated with the hyperbolic right-angled 24-cell P and the hyperbolic right-angled 120-cell E, respectively. Jankiewicz, Norin, and Wise recently showed that π1(M(P)) and π1(M(E)) are algebraically

We study a combinatorial homotopy theory for small categories without a loop (loopfree categories) which is closely related to Whitehead's simple homotopy theory for regular CW-complexes with triangular cells. Quillen's theorem A and the nerve theorem for loopfree categories are considered from the viewpoint of the simple homotopy theory. Moreover, we extend the classical nerve theorem and discuss

This paper uses relative symplectic cohomology, recently studied by Varolgunes, to understand rigidity phenomena for compact subsets of symplectic manifolds. As an application, we consider a symplectic crossings divisor in a Calabi–Yau symplectic manifold M whose complement is a Liouville manifold. We show that, for a carefully chosen Liouville structure, the skeleton as a subset of M exhibits strong

It is known that the unknotting number u(L) of a link L is less than or equal to half the crossing number c(L) of L. We show that there are a planar graph G and its spatial embedding f such that the unknotting number u(f) of f is greater than half the crossing number c(f) of f. We study relations between unknotting number and crossing number of spatial embedding of a planar graph in general.

We give a classification of 2-twist-spun spherical Montesinos knots.

We introduce new formulas that are Vassiliev invariants of flat vertex isotopy classes of 2-bouquet graphs. Although any Gauss diagram formula of Vassiliev invariants of 2-bouquet graphs in a 3-space has been unknown explicitly, this paper gives the first and simple example.

In the 1980’s, Ravenel introduced sequences of spectra X(n) and T(n) which played an important role in the proof of the Nilpotence Theorem of Devinatz–Hopkins–Smith. In the present paper, we solve the homotopy limit problem for topological Hochschild homology of X(n), which is a generalized version of the Segal Conjecture for the cyclic groups of prime order. This result is the first step towards computing

This paper investigates a constructive characterization of kneading sequences belonging to unimodal maps with embedded adding machines. It takes the concept of a {0,1}-regular scheme, which can be used to generate all kneading sequences of unimodal maps for which the turning point is regularly recurrent, and adds an extra condition that guarantees the constructed kneading sequence will additionally

Nearly Euclidean Thurston (NET) maps are described by simple diagrams which admit a natural notion of size. Given a size bound C, there are finitely many diagrams of size at most C. Given a NET map F presented by a diagram of size at most C, the problem of determining whether F is equivalent to a rational function is, in theory, a finite computation. We give bounds for the size of this computation

Let Gk(PSp(2)) and Gk(PSp(3)) be the gauge groups of principal PSp(2)-bundles over S8 and principal PSp(3)-bundles over S4 classified by kε1′ and kε2′, where ε1′ and ε2′ are generators of π8(BPSp(2))≅Z and π4(BPSp(3))≅Z, respectively. In this article we partially classify the homotopy types for these gauge groups.

The main purpose of this note is to prove that the product of a cellular-Lindelöf space with a space of countable spread need not be cellular-Lindelöf.

We calculate the asymptotic behavior of the Kashaev invariant of a twice-itarated torus knot and obtain topological interpretation of the formula in terms of the Chern–Simons invariant and the twisted Reidemeister torsion.

In this paper we extend the notion of a clopen subset of a topological space to that of a clopen subobject in a topological category. We relate clopen subobjects to the concept of normalized topological category via a theorem which, in turn, shows why certain subsets must be clopen in a topological space. We employ clopen subobjects to extend the topological notion of connectedness to topological categories

We prove that there exists a model of ZF (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory without the Axiom of Choice (AC)) in which there is a compact, metrizable, non-second countable, Cantor cube. This answers in the affirmative an open question by E. Wajch (2018) [15]. Furthermore, we strengthen a result in the above paper, namely “Countable products of metrizable spaces are quasi-metrizable implies van Douwen's Choice

2-stratifolds are a generalization of 2-manifolds that occur as objects in applications such as in TDA. These spaces can be described by an associated bicoloured labelled graph. In previous papers we obtained a classification of 1-connected trivalent 2-stratifolds. In this paper we classify trivalent 2-stratifolds that have fundamental group Z. This classification implicitly gives an efficient algorithm

A simple closed curve α in the boundary of a genus two handlebody H is primitive if adding a 2-handle to H along α yields a solid torus. If adding a 2-handle to H along α yields a Seifert-fibered space and not a solid torus, the curve is called Seifert. If α is disjoint from an essential separating disk in H, does not bound a disk in H, and is not primitive in H, then it is said to be proper power

Let Pk:=F2[x1,x2,…,xk] be the polynomial algebra over the prime field of two elements, F2, in k variables x1,x2,…,xk, each of degree 1. We study the hit problem, set up by Frank Peterson, of finding a minimal set of generators for Pk as a module over the mod-2 Steenrod algebra. In this paper, we extend a result in [12] on the hit problem in degree (k−1)(2d−1) with k⩾6, by explicitly computing the hit

We study expansive dynamical systems in the setting of distributive lattices and their automorphisms, the usual notion of expansiveness for a homeomorphism of a compact metric space being the particular case when the lattice is the topology of the phase space ordered by inclusion and the automorphism the one induced by the homeomorphism, mapping open sets to open sets. We prove in this context generalizations

We use rewriting systems to spell out cup-products in the (twisted) cohomology groups of a product of surface groups. This allows us to detect a non-trivial obstruction bounding from below the effective topological complexity of an orientable surface with respect to its antipodal involution. Our estimates are at most one unit from being optimal, and are closely related to the (regular) topological

In this paper we characterize the Menger property and the selection principles star-Menger and strongly star-Menger in the hyperspaces CL(X), K(X), F(X) and CS(X), endowed with the hit-and-miss topology. To characterize the corresponding principles type star, we introduce a couple of technical selection principles, which we have denoted by SM(ΠΔ(Γ),ΠΔ(Γ)) and SM⁎(ΠΔ(Γ),ΠΔ(Γ)). Also, we give an equivalence

The Kestelman-Borwein-Ditor Theorem asserts that a non-negligible subset of R which is Baire (= has the Baire property, BP) or measurable is shift-compact: it contains some subsequence of any null sequence to within translation by an element of the set. Here effective proofs are recognized to yield (i) analogous category and Haar-measure metrizable generalizations for Baire groups and locally compact

We show that for very general hypersurfaces in odd-dimensional simplicial projective toric varieties satisfying an effective combinatorial property the Hodge conjecture holds. This gives a connection between the Oda conjecture and Hodge conjecture. We also give an explicit criterion which depends on the degree for very general hypersurfaces for the combinatorial condition to be verified.

This note adapts the sophisticated Richberg technique for approximation in pluripotential theory to the $F$-potential theory associated to a general nonlinear convex subequation $F \subset J^2 (X)$ on a manifold $X$. The main theorem is the following “local to global” result. Suppose $u$ is a continuous strictly $F$-subharmonic function such that each point $x \in X$ has a fundamental neighborhood

A smooth curve $\gamma$ in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1,n}$ is isotropic if $\gamma , \gamma_x, \dotsc , \gamma^{(2n)}_x$ are linearly independent and the span of $\gamma , \gamma_x, \dotsc , \gamma^{(n−1)}_x$ is isotropic. We construct two hierarchies of isotropic curve flows on $\mathbb{R}^{n+1,n}$, whose differential invariants are solutions of Drinfeld–Sokolov’s KdV type soliton hierarchies associated to the

We study analytic properties of harmonic maps from Riemannian polyhedra into $\operatorname{CAT}(\kappa)$ spaces for $\kappa \in {\lbrace 0, 1 \rbrace}$. Locally, on each top-dimensional face of the domain, this amounts to studying harmonic maps from smooth domains into $\operatorname{CAT}(\kappa)$ spaces. We compute a target variation formula that captures the curvature bound in the target, and use

We provide sufficient conditions on an initial curve for the area preserving and the length preserving curvature flows of curves in a plane, to develop a singularity at some finite time or converge to an $m$-fold circle as time goes to infinity. For the area-preserving flow, the positivity of the enclosed algebraic area determines whether the curvature blows up in finite time or not, while for the

We examine Higgs bundles for non-compact real forms of $SO(4,\mathbb{C})$ and the isogenous complex group $SL(2,\mathbb{C}) \times SL(2,\mathbb{C})$. This involves a study of non-regular fibers in the corresponding Hitchin fibrations and provides interesting examples of non-abelian spectral data.

We describe the invariant metrics on real flag manifolds and classify those with the following property: every geodesic is the orbit of a one-parameter subgroup. Such a metric is called g.o. (geodesic orbit). In contrast to the complex case, on real flag manifolds the isotropy representation can have equivalent submodules, which makes invariant metrics depend on more parameters and allows us to find

Counter-examples to the famous conjecture of Carathéodory, as well as the bound on umbilic index proposed by Hamburger, are constructed with respect to Riemannian metrics that are arbitrarily close to the flat metric on Euclidean $3$-space. In particular, Riemannian metrics with a smooth strictly convex $2$-sphere containing a single umbilic point are constructed explicitly, in contradiction with any

For any elliptic K3 surface $\mathfrak{F} : \mathcal{K} \to \mathbb{P}^1$, we construct a family of collapsing Ricci-flat Kähler metrics such that curvatures are uniformly bounded away from singular fibers, and which Gromov–Hausdorff limit to $\mathbb{P}^1$ equipped with the McLean metric. There are well-known examples of this type of collapsing, but the key point of our construction is that we can

Toward defining commutative cubes in all dimensions, Brown and Spencer introduced the notion of “connection” as a new kind of degeneracy. In this paper, for a cubical set with connections, we show that the connections generate an acyclic subcomplex of the chain complex of the cubical set. In particular, our results show that the homology groups of a cubical set with connections are independent of whether

A topological group G is M-factorizable if for every continuous real-valued function f on G, one can find a continuous homomorphism π:G→H onto a metrizable topological group H and a continuous function h on H such that f=h∘π. We continue the study of M-factorizability in topological groups started in Zhang et al. (2020) [14], with a special emphasis on P-groups, i.e., the groups in which all Gδ-sets

A function f from a metric space (X,d) to another metric space (Y,ρ) is said to be Cauchy-continuous if for every Cauchy sequence (xn) in (X,d), (f(xn)) is Cauchy in (Y,ρ). It is well known that a metric space is complete if and only if every real-valued continuous function defined on it is Cauchy-continuous. Here we consider a well-studied intermediate class of metric spaces which lies between the

The embedded template is a geometric tool in dynamics being used to model knots and links as periodic orbits of 3-dimensional flows. We prove that for an embedded template in S3 with fixed homeomorphism type, its boundary as a trivalent spatial graph is a complete isotopic invariant. Moreover, we construct an invariant of embedded templates by Kauffman's invariant of spatial graphs, which is a set

Let K denote the Klein bottle. We compute the algebraic K-theory groups of the ring Z[π1(K)] in terms of the algebraic K-theory groups of the integers. Following the same arguments, we do the same for the ring Z[π1(Ng)], where Ng denotes a nonorientable closed surface of genus g>2.

Given a group G and an automorphism φ of G, two elements x,y∈G are said to be φ-conjugate if x=gyφ(g)−1 for some g∈G. The number of equivalence classes is the Reidemeister number R(φ) of φ, and if R(φ)=∞ for all automorphisms of G, then G is said to have the R∞-property. A finite simple graph Γ gives rise to the right-angled Artin group AΓ, which has as generators the vertices of Γ and as relations

For a finite group G , we define an equivariant cobordism category C d G . Objects of the category are ( d − 1 ) ‐dimensional closed smooth G ‐manifolds and morphisms are smooth d ‐dimensional equivariant cobordisms. We identify the homotopy type of its classifying space (that is, geometric realization of its simplicial nerve) as the fixed points of the infinite loop space of a certain equivariant

Linkage of ideals is a very well-studied topic in algebra. It has lead to the development of module linkage which looks to extend the ideas and results of the former. Although linkage has been used extensively to find many interesting and impactful results, it has only been extended to schemes and modules. This paper builds a framework in which to perform linkage from a categorical perspective. This

We define the Grothendieck group of an n-exangulated category. For n odd, we show that this group shares many properties with the Grothendieck group of an exact or a triangulated category. In particular, we classify dense complete subcategories of an n-exangulated category with an n-(co)generator in terms of subgroups of the Grothendieck group. This unifies and extends results of Thomason, Bergh–Thaule

Our main objective is to study g-reversible groups introduced in Chatyrko and Shakhmatov (2020) [3]. We first give a necessary and sufficient condition for a locally compact group with an open compact subgroup to be g-reversible, it can be applied to give complete solutions of Questions 8.5, 9.7, 9.8, and Problem 9.6 in the previous article [3]. We also investigate g-reversibility of some precompact

Given a metric continumm X, let CB(X) be the hyperspace of subcontinua of X with connected boundary. In this paper we present results concerning CB(X), first about continua for which every subcontinuum has connected boundary. Then we study continua that only have one-point sets as connected boundary proper subcontinua. Later we include characterizations of arcs and simple closed curves. Finally we

A.V. Arhangel'skiı̌ introduced the notion of an almost s-mapping. It is known that the open almost s-images of metric spaces coincide with the open boundary s-images of metric spaces. In this paper, we investigate some questions related to the sequence-covering almost s-images and sequence-covering boundary s-images of metric spaces. We establish some new characterizations of the images of metric spaces

The use of Cauchy's method to prove Euler's well-known formula is an object of many controversies. The purpose of this paper is to prove that Cauchy's method applies for convex polyhedra and not only for them, but also for surfaces such as the torus, the projective plane, the Klein bottle and the pinched torus.

The purpose of this article is to record the computation of the homotopy groups of 3-local \(\mathrm {tmf}\) via the Adams spectral sequence.

In this paper, we establish two strengthened versions of Klamkin’s inequality for an n-dimensional simplex in Euclidean space \({E}^n\) and give some applications.

We apply the existence and special properties of Gauduchon metrics to give several applications. The first one is concerned with the implications of algebro-geometric nature under the existence of a Hermitian metric with nonnegative holomorphic sectional curvature. The second one is to show the non-existence of holomorphic sections on Hermitian vector bundles under certain conditions. The third one

Let Topd, Topw and Sob be the category of all d-spaces, that of all well-filtered spaces and that of all sober spaces respectively. For a full subcategory K of Topd containing Sob, it is proved that the product of an arbitrary family of K-determined sets is a K-determined set and if K is adequate, then the K-reflection preserves arbitrary products of T0 spaces. In particular, the Keimel-Lawson reflection