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Rebooting the Community Reinvestment Act American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-26 Lindsay Sain Jones, Goldburn Maynard
The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) was passed in 1977 as a response to redlining, the systemic discrimination against loan applicants who resided in predominantly Black neighborhoods. In enacting the CRA, Congress found that banks have a “continuing and affirmative obligation” to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they are chartered. To that end, the CRA requires bank regulators
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High‐status versus low‐status stakeholders American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 H. Justin Pace
The literature on stakeholder theory has largely ignored the difficult and central issue of how judges and firms should resolve disputes among stakeholders. When the issue is addressed, focus has largely been on the potential for management to use stakeholder theory as cover for rent‐seeking or on disputes between classes of stakeholders. Sharply underappreciated is the potential for disparate interests
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Innovation stakeholders: Developing a sustainable paradigm to integrate intellectual property and corporate social responsibility American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 David Orozco
Innovation is usually framed in terms of expanding the knowledge frontier or the commercialization of new ideas. However, it is much more than that. Innovation is also about providing greater well‐being for society and the various stakeholders that support a firm's efforts to innovate. This article examines the paradoxical status of innovation and its related legal domain of intellectual property rights
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Anticontract American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-16 D. P. Waddilove
Should a court ever second‐guess a contract, ignoring what the parties said and imposing something different? Contractual purists insist that the answer is no. But the messy nature of reality counsels otherwise. We have long appreciated that creating a “complete” contract, one that efficiently treats every potentially relevant contingency, is impossible. In particular, systematic risks that affect
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What is the impact of legal strategy? American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-16 Robert C. Bird, Justin W. Evans
Law and strategy (LAS)—the study of the law's role in competitive advantage—has developed rapidly and with substantial promise for over 20 years. However, at this critical juncture in its development, the LAS literature lacks both a systematic review of its impact and an organized call for future research. To fill this scholarly gap, this article reports two citation analysis studies that identify
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Decentralized credit scoring: Black box 3.0 American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Nizan Geslevich Packin, Yafit Lev‐Aretz
Much like traditional credit scoring, decentralized credit scoring calculates a borrower's creditworthiness, but the fully automated process is executed on the blockchain by Decentralized Finance (DeFi) platforms. Originally, DeFi emerged as an alternative to the centralized traditional finance (TradFi) system; however, decentralized credit scoring combines DeFi data and traditional data that include
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Unwinding NFTs in the shadow of IP law American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Runhua Wang, Jyh‐An Lee, Jingwen Liu
Amid the surge of intellectual property (IP) disputes surrounding non‐fungible tokens (NFTs), some scholars have advocated for the application of personal property or sales law to regulate NFT minting and transactions, contending that IP laws unduly hinder the development of the NFT market. This Article counters these proposals and argues that the existing IP system stands as the most suitable regulatory
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Text, tone, and legal language: Analyzing mutual fund disclosure sentiment American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Anne M. Tucker, Yusen Xia, Susan Navarro Smelcer
Mutual fund disclosures must include information about a fund's strategies and risks to comply with the letter of the law. But funds should also honor the spirit of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations, including informing ordinary investors. Disclosure language creates impressions that can be just as important as the content. But evaluating these soft aspects of disclosures is hard
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Cybersecurity carrots and sticks American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-28 Janine Hiller, Kathryn Kisska-Schulze, Scott Shackelford
In an unsustainable trend, each year is touted as the worst on record for data and system breaches. 2020's dubious top distinction was exceeded across numerous metrics in 2021, and 2022's numbers set another unwanted record. The growing epidemic of ransomware, data breaches, and cyber-enabled attacks pushes policymakers and business leaders to consider what can be done to reverse the cyber-insecurity
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Climate Change and a Just Transition to the Future of Work American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Stephen Kim Park, Norman D. Bishara
Rapidly growing concerns about the adverse effects of climate change are prompting a re-thinking of how companies view their strategies and operations and spurring legal and regulatory responses around the world. The overarching objective of these efforts is to facilitate and accelerate the transition to a more sustainable economy. The green transition will have substantial distributional and structural
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The Future of Work and U.S. Public Opinion on Noncompete Law: Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Christopher P. Dinkel
Although policymakers have recently shown a keen interest in noncompete reform, a gap exists in the literature concerning what the U.S. public's preferences are regarding noncompetes. Therefore, this article presents the empirical findings of a nationally-representative survey of the American public on the noncompete law governing employees. Based on the results of a conjoint experiment within the
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Privacy Self-Management: A Strategy to Protect Worker Privacy from Excessive Employer Surveillance in Light of Scant Legal Protections American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Robert Sprague
This article examines current and future trends in worker surveillance. It also examines the various, though minimal, legal protections workers have against extensive work-related monitoring. With no meaningful legal protections against excessive work-related surveillance, employees are arguably taking matters into their own hands by engaging in deviant behaviors that attempt to thwart surveillance
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The Patent Examiner Sweepstakes American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 W. Michael Schuster
This article presents evidence that patent value varies with random examiner assignment at the U.S. Patent Office. Prior work analyzed firm growth as a function of review by “easy” examiners who grant patents at a high rate. The current research looks past whether a patent is granted and instead focuses on how assignment to an “easy” or “hard” examiner influences the attributes of resultant patents
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Control Expropriation Via Rights Offers American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Leeor Ofer
Rights offers are a relatively common capital-raising method. In a rights offer, the company's existing shareholders are given the opportunity to purchase newly-issued shares in proportion to the amount of shares they already own for a specific subscription price per share. Because all shareholders can participate in the issuance under the same terms, rights offers are often regarded as fair to all
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When Federal Law Goes Unnoticed: Assessing the CISG's Applicability Across U.S. Courts Based on an Empirical Research of Decisions from 1988 to 2020 American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Carolina Arlota, Brian McCall
The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) has reached the level of acceptance that it can be recognized as the face of international sales law. Over a century ago, the late Roscoe Pound drew attention to the dichotomy between the law as written and the law as experienced in practice. The law of the CISG “on the books” is the law of the United States. With
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Brute Force (Anti) Federalism American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Kathryn Kisska-Schulze, John T. Holden, Corey Ciocchetti
States are engaging in brute force (anti) federalism, where both sides of the political spectrum push agendas that extend beyond the Founder's early ideal of balanced federalism, using popular support and special interest groups' interests as their springboard. These trial-and-error tactics increase vertical and interstate horizontal frictions, create political and economic challenges for businesses
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Arbitration Effect American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Farshad Ghodoosi, Monica M. Sharif
Arbitration is changing the United States justice system. Critics argue that arbitration leads to claim suppression. Proponents argue that, compared with courts, arbitration is cheaper and less formal. These claims have not been empirically tested. In particular, whether and how arbitration impacts individuals’ decision to sue remains an open inquiry. This article for the first time shows, in a series
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Stepping Up to the Plate: Minor Leaguers Attempt to Remedy their Unconscionable Plight American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Lucas W. Loafman, John T. Holden
Professional baseball players are often thought of as making multi-million-dollar salaries, but most professional baseball players have recently made under $15,000 a year. Minor league players toiled under an onerous system resulting from baseball's judicially created antitrust exemption and lobbying efforts that exempted them from minimum wage and overtime. These factors allowed teams to impose a
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“In One Direction Only”: Chains of Reasoning and Tail Events in CAFA Amount-in-Controversy Claims American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Jeff Lingwall, Nicole Wood
While the Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA) establishes a bright-line jurisdictional amount in controversy for removing cases from state to federal court, calculating that quantitative threshold in practice is a fraught and heavily litigated exercise. This article examines removals under CAFA to show the substantial lack of clarity in how state-law causes of action and damage claims interact to reach
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Resolution of Small and Medium-Sized Deposit-Taking Institutions: Back to Basics? American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Maziar Peihani
Following the 2008 Great Financial Crisis, financial policy makers have refocused their attention on bank resolution, prompting the creation of new resolution tools and regime reforms. As a result, the focus has mainly been on large, systemically important banks. Less attention has been paid to a broader range of financial institutions, namely small and medium deposit-taking institutions. That tendency
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In-Group Favoritism as Legal Strategy: Evidence from FCPA Settlements American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Brian D. Feinstein, William R. Heaston, Guilherme Siqueira de Carvalho
Anti-corruption laws aim to bolster public integrity by punishing attempts to illegitimately curry favor with government decision-makers. These laws, however, can generate integrity risks of their own. This article examines one such risk: that firms subject to scrutiny under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) may attempt to influence prosecutors by exploiting shared political leanings or related
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An Intertribal Business Court American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Adam Crepelle
Few Indian reservations have any semblance of a private sector. Consequently, poverty and unemployment are major problems in much of Indian country. While there are many reasons why private enterprise is scarce in Indian country, one of the foremost reasons is businesses do not trust tribal courts. Businesses' distrust of tribal courts is not unique as outsiders often fear bias in foreign tribunals
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Litigating Corporate Human Rights Information American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Rachel Chambers
This article analyzes trends in litigation brought against corporate actors regarding human rights information. Such information includes, but is not limited to, statements on packaging claiming that products are “ethically sourced” and investor-facing disclosures representing that an issuer's operations are environmentally friendly. It proceeds by outlining the sources of human rights-related disclosures
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Protecting Earth and Space Industries from Orbital Debris: Implementing the Outer Space Treaty to Fill the Regulatory Vacuum in the FCC's Orbital Debris Guidelines American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Michael B. Runnels
The Outer Space Treaty (OST) is the foundation of all international space regulation. It establishes space as the province of all humankind and promotes its peaceful use and exploration for the benefit and in the interests of all countries. In 2020, the FCC released its “Mitigation of Orbital Debris in the New Space Age” guidelines for commercial satellite applicants. While these guidelines appear
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Sustainable Investing and Fiduciary Obligations in Pension Funds: The Need for Sustainable Regulation American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Dana M. Muir
Investment practices can support sustainability efforts or undermine them. As one of the world's largest capital pools, pension funds have a particularly important role to play in sustainable investing practices. In this article, I examine the U.S. requirement that fiduciaries of private-sector pension plans must maximize financial returns without regard to the negative externalities those investments
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Banking's Climate Conundrum American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Jeremy C. Kress
Over the past decade, a consensus has emerged among academics and policy makers that climate change could threaten the stability of banks, insurers, and the broader financial system. In response, regulators from around the world have begun implementing policies to mitigate emerging climate risks in the financial sector. The United States, however, lags significantly behind other countries in addressing
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Derivatives and ESG American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Colleen Baker
Financial markets are increasingly developing innovative, ESG-related derivatives and relying upon these instruments to hedge ESG-related risks. The global derivatives markets are among the largest, most consequential financial markets in the world. Derivatives are financial contracts that derive their value from an underlying reference entity which can be almost anything, including interest rates
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In Space, No One Can Hear You're Green: Standardization of Environmental Reporting, the SEC's Proposed Climate Change Disclosure Rules, and Remote Sensing Technology American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Jehan El-Jourbagy, Philip P. Gura
Climate change is the existential issue of our age. Its challenges are massive, its science is ever-developing and most now agree that its demands are immediate. How society deals with the immensity and immediacy of the challenge in the face of incomplete, immature, and sometimes inconclusive data is a question playing out now in our capital markets. Bending to demand from green investors and environmental
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Evolving ESG Reporting Governance, Regime Theory, and Proactive Law: Predictions and Strategies American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-10-17 Adam Sulkowski, Ruth Jebe
Transparency on ESG (environmental, social, and governance) is an important, if imperfect, step in striving for sustainability. Because a constellation of nonprofit organizations created voluntary reporting frameworks with little government involvement, ESG reporting governance is institutionally dense and fragmented. Reporting companies and information users have both expressed dissatisfaction. In
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Safeguarding Confidential Arbitration Awards in Uncontested Confirmation Actions American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-10-17 Mitch Zamoff
Two bedrock principles of American jurisprudence collide when courts are called upon to decide whether to seal confidential awards that prevailing arbitration parties petition to confirm in court. On the one hand, the strong public policy in favor of arbitration dictates that courts should honor arbitration parties' confidentiality agreements by sealing confidential awards that are the subject of confirmation
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An Empirical Analysis of Patent Citation Relevance and Applicant Strategy American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-07-20 W. Michael Schuster, Kristen Green Valentine
Patent examination should ensure that only novel and nonobvious technologies are patented. This evaluation requires comparing the invention to technologies described in public documents—called “prior art.” Examiners and applicants have obligations to cite known prior art that is material to whether the patent is issued. Beyond documenting examination, citations are used as metrics in a significant
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The securities fraud class action after Goldman Sachs American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-07-20 Matthew C. Turk
This article analyzes a significant Supreme Court securities law decision from the 2020 term, Goldman Sachs v. Arkansas Teachers Retirement System (Goldman). Goldman was a blockbuster class action, brought by shareholders seeking $13 billion in damages from Goldman Sachs based on claims that date back to the 2008 financial crisis. This article proceeds by taking an in-depth look at the case history
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The Title VII Amendments Act: A Proposal American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-07-20 Alex Reed
Given the narrow framing of the Supreme Court's decision in Bostock v. Clayton County, that employers cannot fire someone simply for being gay or transgender, numerous questions persist as to whether and to what extent LGBTQ Americans are protected against employment discrimination. Resolving these issues is likely to require years, if not decades, of litigation, leaving LGBTQ workers and their employers
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How the Law Can Leverage Behavioral Economics to Protect Brick-and-Mortar Small Business Owners Against Location Risk American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-07-20 W.C. Bunting
This article examines how the law can help reduce retail vacancy rates in volatile urban real estate markets. Two potential drivers of high vacancy rates along retail corridors in otherwise healthy real estate markets are identified: (1) location risk, and (2) positive feedback effects. This article suggests that local governments can pursue a nudge-based approach to encourage landlords and retail
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Ranking Season: Combating Commercial Banks' Systemic Discrimination of Consumers American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 Nizan Geslevich Packin, Srinivas Nippani
The recent disbursement of COVID-19 pandemic-related federal relief funds to businesses and individuals under the CARES Act exposed significant problems in the U.S. system of money and payments. U.S. banks' wealth maximization objectives clashed with the federal government's goals of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). The discriminatory, self-interested behavior of banks, which essentially served
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Text Mining for Bias: A Recommendation Letter Experiment American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 Charlotte S. Alexander
This article uses computational text analysis to study the form and content of more than 3000 recommendation letters submitted on behalf of applicants to a major U.S. anesthesiology residency program. The article finds small differences in form and larger differences in content. Women applicants' letters were more likely to contain references to acts of service, for example, whereas men were more likely
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Who's Keeping Score?: Oversight of Changing Consumer Credit Infrastructure American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 Janine S. Hiller, Lindsay Sain Jones
Access to credit in the United States is contingent upon an individual obtaining the “right” credit score. Yet the opaque scoring system makes it nearly impossible for an individual to break out of a cycle of low credit ratings and participate in the benefits of the American economy. Partially as a response, alternative credit rating products now use personal nonfinancial data for automated credit
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Forfeiting IP American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 Deepa Varadarajan
Can IP rights be lost? That is, once IP rights are acquired, what—if anything—must owners do to keep those rights or risk forfeiting them. The answer varies widely across the IP landscape and has important consequences for follow-on innovation, competition, and the public domain. This article takes the first close look at forfeiture mechanisms throughout the five major IP regimes—utility patent, trade
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Legal Strategy Disrupted: Managing Climate Change and Regulatory Transformation American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Stephen Kim Park
The effects of climate change on the natural, economic, political, and social environments of business will be broad and substantial. The legal environment of business is not immune from these forces. In fact, as this article explores, law is both a necessary means to address climate change disruption and itself a source of disruption. Regulatory measures to buffer the shocks of climate change and
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The Management and Oversight of Human Rights Due Diligence American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 David Hess
The COVID-19 pandemic showed how vulnerable workers in global supply chains are to adverse human rights impacts. Protecting such workers must be a primary policy goal in the efforts to “build back better” from the crisis, and businesses conducting human rights due diligence (HRDD) is a primary means to do so. In Europe, there is a fast-moving trend toward legislatively mandating HRDD, and there is
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Leading a Healthier Company: Advancing a Public Health Model of Ethics and Compliance American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Todd Haugh
This article advances a public health model of ethics and compliance. It argues that corporate leaders should draw from the successful lessons of public health to promote ethical behavior more effectively in their companies. With its attention to data-driven risk mitigation and behaviorally cognizant processes, a public health model can move compliance from the faulty assumption on which it is based
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Strategic Surrogates or Sad Sinners: U.S. Taxation of Bartering in Digital Services American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Mark J. Cowan, Joshua Cutler, Ryan J. Baxter
The COVID-19 pandemic caused both a surge in technology use and a deterioration in government finances. At the same time, big tech companies are under scrutiny by lawmakers for tax avoidance, antitrust issues, and other concerns. These realities call for governments to reassess tax policy toward tech companies and for tech companies to reassess legal strategy toward taxes. State and federal governments'
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Reforming Dodd-Frank from the Whistleblower's Vantage American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Justin W. Evans, Stephanie R. Sipe, Mary Inman, Carolina Gonzalez
Whistleblowing is a critical component of corporate integrity and economic stability in the United States. It is unsurprising, then, that policy makers and observers have directed considerable attention to the improvement of whistleblower laws. This article assesses potential improvements to the most visible recent addition to the federal whistleblower regime—the Dodd-Frank Act, passed in the wake
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Is Legal Harmonization Always Better? The Counter-Case of Utility Models American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Daniel R. Cahoy, Lynda J. Oswald
Policy makers and international institutions have long maintained that the global business environment is best supported when countries harmonize by adopting substantially uniform legal structures. This is particularly true in the context of intellectual property rights. When such national systems are similar, we believe that investment is undergirded and market participation is facilitated. However
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The Future of International Corporate Human Rights Litigation: A Transatlantic Comparison American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Rachel Chambers, Gerlinde Berger-Walliser
Imposing legal liability on corporations for their involvement in human rights violations remains problematic. In the United States, civil liability in such circumstances developed in a series of Alien Tort Statute cases. This evolution came to an abrupt end with the cases of Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum and Jesner v. Arab Bank. As corporate human rights litigation declined in the United States
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Regulation of Crypto: Who Is the Securities and Exchange Commission Protecting? American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Carol R. Goforth
SEC v. Telegram and SEC v. Kik, both decided in 2020, establish some ground-breaking rules about how the federal securities laws apply to cryptotransactions. In both cases, the court concluded that a large, reputable social media company had conducted a crypto offering in violation of federal law. In neither case was fraud or other criminal conduct an issue; the sole problem was failure to register
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Does Conjoint Analysis Reliably Value Patents? American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-23 Bernard Chao, Sydney Donovan
Modern technology products are often covered by thousands of patents. Yet awards for a single component have averaged a surprisingly high 9.98% of the infringing product's price. To curb such disproportionate awards, the law insists that damages reflect the contribution made by the patent. But determining how to apportion damages in this way has proved to be elusive. One emerging technique that appears
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Damages for Breach of a Forum Selection Clause American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-23 Tanya J. Monestier
When a party breaches a forum selection clause, a court will normally dismiss the action, therefore forcing the breaching party to re-file in the appropriate forum, or the court will transfer the proceedings to the chosen court. Either way, the nonbreaching party appears to have gotten what he wanted: litigation to proceed before the designated court. However, to get there, the nonbreaching party had
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Protecting Third Parties in Contracts American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-23 Kishanthi Parella
Corporations routinely impose externalities on a broad range of non-shareholders, as illustrated by several unsuccessful lawsuits against corporations involving forced labor, human trafficking, child labor, and environmental harms in global supply chains. Lack of legal accountability subsequently translates into low legal risk for corporate misconduct, which reduces the likelihood of prevention. Corporate
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Deconstructing Fallacies in Products Liability Law to Provide a Remedy for Economic Loss American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-07-23 Alissa del Riego
For years, products liability law has failed to provide a remedy for consumers who suffer financial injury as a result of purchasing defective products manufacturers place and keep in the marketplace. The economic loss rule and defect manifestation requirements have, to date, foreclosed products liability claims when consumers suffer only economic injury and severely hampered recovery through other
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Aligning National Bank Priorities with the Public Interest: National Benefit Banks and a New Stakeholder Approach American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 Lindsay Sain Jones
Banks have particular characteristics that set them apart from other business entities, including being more highly leveraged, benefiting from government safety nets, and generating massive negative externalities when they fail. These attributes mean that in addition to shareholder interests, bank directors should be allowed to carefully consider the interests of nonshareholders, such as creditors
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Caremark Compliance for the Next Twenty‐Five Years American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 Robert C. Bird
One of the most influential cases in corporate governance is In re Caremark International Inc. Derivative Litigation (Caremark). In 1996, Caremark imposed a novel duty on boards of directors to make a good faith attempt to implement and exercise oversight over obligations leading to liability. Breach of this minimal duty has been difficult for plaintiffs to plead and prove, and the case law is littered
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Free Agency for the Front Office: How Data Analytics and Noncompete Agreements Threaten to Disrupt Competitive Balance in U.S. Professional Sports Leagues American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 Nathaniel Grow
U.S. professional sports teams are increasingly relying on sophisticated forms of data analysis to identify potential areas of competitive advantage over their league rivals. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests that the most sophisticated teams in this area are using the insights that they derive from data analytics to establish durable and significant gains over their competition on the playing field
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Up in Smoke: International Treaty Obligations and Marijuana Reform in the United States American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 Kevin J. Fandl
As the number of U.S. states that seek to loosen restrictions on marijuana rapidly increases, a heated debate over state and federal regulation has ignited. But an important component of that debate has been largely absent—are these state efforts placing the United States in violation of its international treaty obligations? This article attempts to answer this question by tracing the history of
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Cultivating Evidence‐Based Pathways for Cannabis Product Development: Implications for Consumer Protection † American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Aubree L. Walton,Kaimee Kellis,William E. Tankersley,Rikinkumar S. Patel
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Cannabis Regulatory Confusion and Its Impact on Consumer Adoption American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Stephanie Geiger‐Oneto,Robert Sprague
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Symposium, Cannabis—Legal, Ethical, and Compliance Issues: Introduction American Business Law Journal (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Gideon Mark,Laurie A. Lucas