Banks have particular characteristics that set them apart from other business entities, including being more highly leveraged, benefiting from government safety nets, and generating massive negative externalities when they fail. These attributes mean that in addition to shareholder interests, bank directors should be allowed to carefully consider the interests of nonshareholders, such as creditors, taxpayers, and the overall economy, when making decisions. While directors of banks in states that have enacted constituency statutes may be allowed to consider nonshareholder interests, no federal act expressly allows directors of federally chartered banks to consider such interests. Moreover, to date, thirty‐seven states have enacted legislation to allow for the formation of public benefit corporations that require directors to consider the interests of nonshareholders. No federal law provides a clear path for federally chartered banks to do this. This article proposes dual federal legislation that would (1) enable directors of all federally chartered banks to expressly consider nonshareholder constituents when making decisions and (2) allow for the formation of national benefit banks that would require directors to consider nonshareholder interests in their decision‐making.

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使国家银行的优先事项与公共利益保持一致：国家福利银行和新的利益相关方方法

银行具有使其与其他业务实体区分开来的特殊特征，包括更高的杠杆率，受益于政府的安全网以及在破产时产生大量的负面外部性。这些属性意味着，在做出决策时，除股东利益外，还应允许银行董事认真考虑非股东的利益，例如债权人，纳税人和整体经济。虽然可以允许制定了选区法规的州的银行董事考虑非股东权益，但没有任何联邦法明确允许联邦特许银行的董事考虑此类权益。而且，到目前为止 37个州已颁布法律，允许成立公益公司，要求董事考虑非股东利益。没有联邦法律为联邦特许银行提供这样做的明确途径。本文提出了双重联邦立法，该立法将（1）允许所有联邦特许银行的董事在做出决策时明确考虑非股东组成部分，并且（2）允许成立国家利益银行，这将要求董事在其决策中考虑非股东利益-制作。