Since 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has been the primary benchmark for tracking the progress of state education reform. The focus on math and reading achievement is motivated by the cross-sectional relationship between test scores and adult outcomes, such as earnings and college completion. But do changes in NAEP scores predict changes in long-term economic and social

West Africa’s rapid urbanization is challenging natural resource governance of its far distant rural hinterlands. This becomes visible in remote oases at the fringe of the Sahara Desert in northern Niger, which have gained access to food markets of growing coastal cities. Farmers have shifted from subsistence-oriented to large scale market production for urban consumers. However, the expansion and

For the law to function effectively in society, it must not only be enforced but also promote compliance, particularly in emotionally charged, polarized, or uncertain situations. This study explores the impact of legal sanction stringency and perceived sanction risk on the perceived legitimacy of and willingness to comply with mandatory vaccination laws in Czechia post‐COVID‐19. Using a 4 × 2 experimental

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A GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) is presented to evaluate the suitability of land for the implementation of nature-based solutions (NbS) to enhance carbon sequestration in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Excessive carbon emissions into the atmosphere have caused rapid and profound climate change that needs to be mitigated. The use of NbS has emerged as an effective strategy to sequester atmospheric

Conflicts of Interest The author declares no conflicts of interest.

Adopted in 2024, the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (EUCS3D, alternatively EUCSDDD) instructs member states to regulate human rights and environmental due diligence across business operations and their global value chains. Businesses started to familiarize themselves with the new directive to develop future compliance strategies. Despite its importance, the familiarization process

Indonesia’s biofuel policy is progressive and palm oil-based biodiesel constitutes one of the main products. In 2023, biodiesel blending reached 35 % of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and 65 % of diesel, known as B35. The progressiveness of the biofuel policy could pose alarming environmental consequences if the Government of Indonesia (GoI) resort to land expansion strategy for meeting the increased

The idea of symbolic representation suggests bureaucratic representativeness can enhance citizens’ willingness to coproduce public services, though this effect is not always observed in real settings. While scholars have explored boundary conditions for limited effects of symbolic representation on coproduction, they typically assume fully staffed bureaucracies. How personnel status variations within

In various regulatory settings, firms receive feedback (i.e., firm‐specific private advice) from authorities on how to improve compliance. Although the literature sheds light on the authorities' decision of when to provide feedback, less is known about firms' decisions on how to respond. Building on research on compliance and regulation, we expect a higher level of responsiveness to feedback when the

INTRODUCTION If voters do not like federal tax policy, they can elect new representatives. At the local level, though, voters can directly deny the tax increases their elected officials propose. All but three states have a limit on either the taxing or spending abilities of local governments and, most commonly, state laws require that increases in local taxes receive a public referendum before they

The complexity of spatial planning and the increasing emphasis on sustainable, equitable, and efficient land use have intensified the demand for urban theories and methodologies that can comprehensively analyse spatial layouts. Space syntax has emerged as a powerful set of theories and techniques for examining the spatial characteristics of urban form and its influence on human movement, accessibility

This study is a comprehensive review examining the role of urban parks in mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect and enhancing outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) based on in-situ measurements. The review analyzed 48 articles based on criteria such as park size, parks' location using the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification, number of measuring points, the presence of an OTC index, and public survey

This study focuses on evaluating various strategies to mitigate land degradation in the context of climate change, aligned with the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Commitments. The core aim is to assess these strategies through the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach, specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Rapid changes in global geopolitics have prompted debate about the need to monitor and restrict ownership of real property on national security grounds. Research of foreign ownership on real property has focused on the economic effects of infrastructure purchases, whereas the range of land administration tools to monitor or restrict ownership rights has not received much detailed examination. The aim

This study conceptualizes Chile's rural property regime as a neoliberal infrastructure confronting the deep uncertainty of climate change. By decoupling productive and social functions, this institutional framework has enabled market dynamics and sustained the agro-export model through legal certainty. However, its emphasis on individual rights and market efficiency now faces an unprecedented challenge:

This paper evaluates the impact of Peru’s collectivist land reform in 1970 on national agricultural productivity. While prior research have shown contrasting impacts of land reform across different settings, few have assessed the productivity consequences of collectivist experiments at the aggregate level. Employing a Synthetic Control Method, we construct a scenario of Peru's productivity trends in

Land value capture is often vaunted as having significant potential to fund public infrastructure, including mega transport projects like urban metro railway schemes. Yet land value capture is frequently challenging to operationalise and project promotors can be reluctant to use it to finance schemes. This article explores why and how land value capture came to be deployed in financing two major contemporary

The present study analyses the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban growth in India's rapidly urbanising Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR). A maximum likelihood supervised classification algorithm is used to classify land use/land cover from 1999 to 2019 using the Landsat dataset. The spatial indices, landscape metrics, growth type index, Shannon Entropy, and transportation proximity analysis help quantify

European Union’s Regulation 2023/115, commonly known as the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), promises to be a watershed event in global deforestation governance. A significant example of the hardening of soft law, spurred by major corporations committing to zero-deforestation supply chains, the EUDR is also a substantial wager on the efficacy of satellite-based remote sensing technologies

As modern governments face increasing pressure to meet citizens’ rising expectations, innovation has become a central focus for public organizations. While job autonomy is a well-established antecedent of individual innovative behavior, the moderating role of organizational culture in shaping this relationship remains underexplored. Public organizations often embody different types of culture, such

Even if member states formally comply with EU law, the ‘ideal type’ of literal compliance, where EU rules are compliantly transposed without customizing their density or restrictiveness, is both rare and improbable. Why do EU member states engage in literal compliance in the ‘least likely’ case of the EU's Fiscal Compact, where customized transposition is crucial for member states to ‘regain control’

This paper assesses what type of comments are most useful to what type of stakeholder in gaining influence during public consultations. Theoretically, the paper approaches stakeholders' consultation comments as reputational threats from key audiences that the agency needs to respond to. Different types of threats are expected to carry different weights depending on the type of stakeholders. The analysis

Corporatization in the public sector entails decentralizing the provision of public goods and services to more autonomous entities, including state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Research indicates that the decision to corporatize is driven, among other factors, by the pursuit of financial sustainability in public organizations. A continuing debate revolves around whether the political ideology of incumbents

This study investigates the impact of selective good corporate governance practices on the development of mandatory whistleblower protection policies in corporations. Using a coding instrument aligned with legislative requirements, we analyzed 66 whistleblower policies to assess their comprehensiveness and alignment with best practices. The findings reveal that, except for executive gender diversity

Given the need to produce sufficient food while meeting net zero targets and protecting biodiversity, there is renewed impetus to expand woodland-based food systems in the Global North, including agroforestry and forest gardening. Typically, however, agriculture, forestry, and conservation are separated spatially, as well as conceptually, and afforestation policies insufficiently consider the integration

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This study examines the relationship between employee compensation and bureaucratic performance within the context of state budgeting. It hypothesizes that better-compensated rank-and-file employees within state financial administration are more effective at preventing budget overruns. Using data from all 50 U.S. states from 2006 to 2020, the findings reveal that higher compensation levels for rank-and-file

This essay analyzes a watershed moment in the history of the U.S. federal civil service, driven by politically motivated reforms under the Trump administration. I explore how workforce reductions might affect key public services, the legal controversies surrounding Trump’s mass layoffs, and I project a rapid expansion of privatization. I posit how these factors might undermine responsiveness to vulnerable

Safeguarding democracy in the United States requires aggressive reinforcement of diversity, equity, and inclusion which are neither Democratic nor Republican values. They are essential values of our democracy and are deeply embedded in core democratic principles. Government has a responsibility to provide public services in a fair and just manner to all.

The U.S. federal civil service has been rocked to its core since January 20, 2025. Random, unplanned, unannounced firings are leaving every agency in doubt. I argue that those who care about good government, and public sector human resource scholars in particular, should advocate for merit principles and explain how they ensure government performance. Bolstered by lessons from the past, this is an

Quantifying the impacts of human activities on ecosystem services is crucial for promoting sustainable development of land resources and ecosystems. Therefore, taking an ecological resettlement village as a case study, we assessed human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) and soil retention service (SRS) under different resettlement scenarios from 2014 to 2050. Moreover, we incorporated

Global land use and land cover (LULC) change plays a critical role in environmental change, biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and ecosystem services. Over the past few decades, multiple global LULC datasets—such as MCD12Q1, ESA CCI-LC, GLC-FCS30D, HYDE 3.3, HILDA+ , and LUH2—have been developed using remote sensing or historical reconstruction. In this study, we comprehensively analyse

The European Commission's decision to expand its 2014 Regulation on electronic identification and trust services toward wallet‐based digital identities marked a significant shift in the governance of users' digital identities. The intersection between private digital services, public prerogatives, and individual self‐determination raises questions of data governance, notably power conflicts over control

This paper presents a method for quantitatively evaluating property landscape views by integrating Building Information Model (BIM) and 3D Geographical Information Systems (3D GIS). Previous studies have used limited methods such as dummy variables and the hedonic method, which are subjective and implicit. Additionally, GIS-based methods have not fully accounted for important variables such as building

Conflicts of Interest The author declares no conflicts of interest.

Amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic, many countries worldwide have resorted to social distancing to maintain a certain physical distance to avoid direct contact between people. Despite the abundant literature on social distancing, how this mode of direct state intervention, which inevitably requires a lot of regulatory resources, was implemented has been a rare source of scientific inquiry. This paper attempts