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Private ‘Rescue’-by-Purchase of Stolen Cultural Goods: The Material and Social Consequences and the Complicity of Europe and North America International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-10-05 Samuel Andrew Hardy
‘Rescue’ has long provided a justification for the handling of illicit cultural goods, yet the specific consequences of this practice have not been systematically documented. This paper draws on historic, recent and still-emerging cases around the world to assess the resurgent argument that looted antiquities and stolen artefacts should be rescued through purchases made by private collectors. It shows
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Water Theft Maleficence in Australia International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-09-25 Alexander Baird, Reece Walters, Rob White
The United Nations (2020) has repeatedly recognised that freshwater security is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity, and that water theft is a global problem exacerbating human conflict, denying human rights and accelerating environmental despoliation. Australia is the world’s driest inhabited continent where water security is seriously threatened and constantly monitored by federal, state
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(Re)producing Guilt in Suspect Communities: The Centrality of Racialisation in Joint Enterprise Prosecutions International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Becky Clarke, Patrick Williams
Joint enterprise (JE) is an extraordinary legal device deployed to punish and (re)produce those who are frequently presented as threatening the normative boundaries of the British state. In acknowledging the global relevance of over-representation and the use of collective punishment, this paper presents the accounts of prisoners who have been convicted under JE laws across England and Wales. Analysis
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Bordering Through Religion: A Case Study of Christians from the Muslim Majority World Seeking Asylum in the UK International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Roda Madziva
The current global ‘crisis’ of the refugee movement has drawn to the forefront longstanding public worries about welcoming and accommodating refugees, especially in liberal democratic States. While religion is central to refuge, very little is known about the experiences of individuals seeking refugee protection on religious grounds and even the racialisation of religious identities within the asylum
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Insider and Outsider Fieldwork Challenges in Medellín, Colombia International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Luis Felipe Dávila, Caroline Doyle
High levels of violence and conflict in Latin America have attracted the interests of local and international researchers to further understand how to reduce this violence and prevent current and future outbreaks. Conducting research in any environment is challenging. However, the obstacles facing not only researcher safety but also data collection methods are particularly complex in settings with
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Beyond Vulnerability: Syrian Refugees in Urban Spaces in Turkey International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Glenda Santana de Andrade
Since 2011, 5.6 million people have fled Syria due to ongoing conflict. In Turkey alone, 3.6 million Syrians are confronted with a series of constraints once in the host country. This paper analyses, within the context of urban exile in Turkey, the different experiences and survival strategies of Syrians who are modulated by particular relations of race, class and gender. It aims to explain how refugees
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Rebuilding the Harm Principle: Using an Evolutionary Perspective to Provide a New Foundation for Justice International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Ed Gibney, Tanya Wyatt
Following Mill’s (1859) definition, the ‘harm principle’ came to dominate legal debates about crime and the appropriate response of the justice system, effectively replacing official talk of morality in modern secular societies. However, the harm principle has collapsed without an accepted definition of harm or a method to adjudicate between competing claims. To address this, we propose a definition
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A Changing and Multi-scalar EU Borderscape: The Expansion of Asylum and the Normalisation of the Deportation of EU and EFTA Citizens International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-08-05 José A Brandariz, Cristina Fernández-Bessa
The sorting of individuals is one critical function performed by migration law. These legal regulations are based on dichotomies, such as separating irregular migrants from regular migrants. However, through the multi-scalar management of human mobility, the conflicting coexistence of national and supranational interests decentres these legal binaries. Therefore, migration law devices sort newcomers
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An Alternative Approach to Classify Illegal Logging: The Case in Vietnam International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Huu Nam Nguyen, Ngoc Anh Cao
This article examines the different kinds of illegal logging that takes place in Vietnam, challenging the typical approaches to understanding and classifying the various criminal activities involved. We argue that either overlooking the classification of illegal logging or relying solely on illegal timber volumes and legal descriptions to categorise the crime is not sufficient to comprehend its diverse
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Coping with Vulnerability: The Limbo Created by the UK Asylum System International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Amy Cortvriend
Upon arrival in the United Kingdom (UK), asylum claimants undergo a complex application process with no guarantee of being granted leave to remain. Throughout this process, applicants live in ‘limbo’ with no certainty regarding their future. They are forced into poverty, are at risk of destitution and often live in substandard accommodation, all of which causes further harm, compounding the circumstances
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Gendered and Racialised Border Security: Displaced People and the Politics of Fear International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Maja Korac
This article examines the dynamics of constructing current migration from the so-called Global South in ‘risk’, ‘crisis’ and ‘fear’ terms that translate into xenophobic, racialised and gendered processes of ‘othering’ people who are displaced. This is done within the framework of a ‘coloniality of power’ (Quijano 2000b) perspective, understood as the ‘colonial power matrix’ (Grosfoguel 2011. This is
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Policing Tourism: Findings From an Evaluation of a Tourism-oriented Policing Training Program in the Caribbean International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Wendell Codrington Wallace
This article evaluates a tourism-oriented policing (TOP) training program that was conducted with police officers in the Caribbean island of Tobago. It focuses on TOP and its increasing role in contemporary police practices, especially at destinations that depend on tourism for survival. The article explores previous tourism policing approaches, the need for tourist safety and the necessity for police
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Problem Representations of Femicide/Feminicide Legislation in Latin America International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-05-25 Michelle Carrigan, Myrna Dawson
Femicide/feminicide has become an increasing social concern for local communities, international organizations, and national governments. In 2007, Latin American countries began enacting legislation to prevent and punish femicide/feminicide; however, relatively few researchers have assessed the scope and depth of this legislation. Using Carol Bacchi’s (2009) “what’s the problem represented to be” approach
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Covert Positivism in Forensic Domains International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-05-18 Erin Alaine Kruger
Variable conceptions of positivism exist, although at the heart of the notion is the assumption of the scientific ideal of ‘objectivity’ as it pertains to the individual and society. Despite much debate and criticism of positivism in criminology, contemporary modes of positivism continue to inform criminological research. However, this more recent positivism is not necessarily the crude, overt positivism
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Transnational Crime and its Trends in South-East Asia: A Detailed Narrative in Vietnam International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-05-18 Hai Thanh Luong
While implementing economic and political reforms to develop society and the economy since 1986, Vietnam has faced serious challenges to national security and social order associated with the complexities of transnational crimes (e.g., illegal drugs, human trafficking, green crimes and high-tech crimes). Additionally, as an uncharted territory in the field of criminology and policing, overall assessment
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'Little Development, Few Economic Opportunities and Many Difficulties': Climate Change From a Local Perspective International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-05-18 David Rodríguez Goyes
A southern criminology perspective on the study of climate change is overdue, given that climate change is a global phenomenon with localised effects. This article is a southern empirical criminological study of the colonial causes of, justice consequences of and southern responses to climate change. The study is based on four years of research in the Colombian Río Negro basin, undertaken by a multidisciplinary
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Aliraza Javaid (2018) Male Rape, Masculinities, and Sexualities: Understanding Policing, and Overcoming Male Sexual Victimisation. London, UK: Palgrave Macmilan International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-05-18 Christopher T Conner
Aliraza Javaid’s Male Rape, Masculinities, and Sexualities (2018) is a sociological exploration of the phenomena of male sexual assault. Consisting of eight chapters, the book aims to dispel popular misconceptions of the topic which the author connects to gendered relations and power dynamics. The author bravely inserts his personal narrative as a gay male sexual assault survivor, supplementing his
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Corporate Greenwashing and Canada Goose: Exploring the Legitimacy–Aesthetic Nexus International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-04-20 James Gacek
Public discourse on environmental responsibility and sustainability continues to pressure corporations, especially those that have been portrayed as key contributors of environmental harm. Greenwashing is a strategy that companies adopt to engage in symbolic communications with environmental issues without substantially addressing them in actions. This paper aims to raise awareness of corporate greenwashing
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The Kilwa Massacre: Critical Analysis for a Southern Criminology International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-04-07 Kim Lah, Anthony Collins
This paper explores the 2004 Kilwa massacre in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) through a decolonial perspective, explaining how the massacre is situated within the history of colonial power and global capitalist relations. As such, the convergence of mining and political interests that created the context in which this violence was possible is examined, rather than the specific human rights
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Towards a ‘Women-Oriented’ Approach to Post-Conflict Policing: Interpreting National Experience(s) and Intergovernmental Aspirations International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-02-25 Staci Strobl
In regard to the United Nations’ (UN) framework for promoting gender equality in policing, including women in national police forces remains a global challenge. Even countries possessing a stable history of women’s involvement reveal that women are significantly under-represented in policing when compared to other professions—even though prior research has strongly suggested that women are important
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Why Gender Equality in Policing is Important for Achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 5 and 16 International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-02-25 Jacqueline Sebire
United Nations (UN) sustainable development goal 5 calls for the elimination of violence, and goal 16 calls for strong and stable judicial institutions (United Nations 2016). The composition and culture of a nation’s police force play an essential role in its ability to achieve these goals. Employing a diverse workforce, particularly in terms of female representation in all ranks within the policing
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Fostering Family Relationships and Women’s Employment International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-02-25 Andrea Leverentz
Although people in prison share some commonalities, they also face distinct issues based on who they are and where they are incarcerated. In this article, I offer suggestions regarding reentry programs and policies for women. I frame these policies through a broader lens of intersectionality and the importance of context. People are embedded in interlocking systems of power, and experiences and positionality
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Sexual Assault Case Processing: The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-02-25 Cassia Spohn
One of the goals of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women is to end violence against women and girls in all countries. An important component of this goal is ensuring that all crimes of violence against women and girls are taken seriously by the criminal justice system and that police, prosecutors, judges and jurors respond appropriately. However, research detailing how cases of sexual
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Who is Transitioning out of Prison? Characterising Female Offenders and Their Needs in Chile International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-02-25 Pilar Larroulet, Catalina Droppelmann, Paloma Del Villar, Sebastian Daza, Ana Figueroa, Victoria Osorio
The last decades’ increase in female incarceration has translated into an increasing number of women being released from prison. Understanding their characteristics and criminal trajectories can enlighten us regarding the different needs of women upon re-entering society after incarceration. Drawing on data from the Reinserción, Desistimiento y Reincidencia en Mujeres Privadas de Libertad en Chile
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Increasing the Number of Women Mediators in Peacemaking Initiatives International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-02-25 Jan Marie Fritz
Mediation refers to one or more individuals facilitating a negotiation among disputants to help them try to resolve, to their satisfaction, an issue or issues of concern. There is increasing interest in using mediation in a wide variety of circumstances (e.g., divorce, child custody, family disagreements, small claims issues, business matters, community problems, environmental issues and intrastate
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Enhancing Female Prisoners’ Access to Education International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-02-25 Judith A Ryder
The rate of female incarceration continues to surge, resulting in over 714,000 women currently being held behind bars worldwide. Females generally enter carceral facilities with low educational profiles, and educational programming inside is rarely a high priority. Access to education is a proven contributor to women’s social and economic empowerment and can minimise some of the obstacles they encounter
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How Women’s Police Stations Empower Women, Widen Access to Justice and Prevent Gender Violence International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-02-25 Kerry Carrington, Natacha Guala, María Victoria Puyol, Máximo Sozzo
Women’s police stations are a distinctive innovation that emerged in postcolonial nations of the global south in the second half of the twentieth century to address violence against women. This article presents the results of a world-first study of the unique way that these stations, called Comisaria de la Mujer, prevent gender-based violence in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.1 One in five
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Protections for Marginalised Women in University Sexual Violence Policies International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-02-24 Amelia Roskin-Frazee
Higher education institutions in four of the top 20 wealthiest nations globally (measured by GDP per capita) undermine gender equality by failing to address sexual violence perpetrated against women with marginalised identities. By analysing student sexual violence policies from 80 higher education institutions in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, I argue that these policies
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The Safety of Women and Girls in Educational Settings: A Global Overview and Suggestions for Policy Change International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-02-24 Elaina Behounek
Safety in educational settings is a barrier to equality for women and girls. This article highlights four key areas that perpetuate inequality in education for women and girls, and that contribute to a worldwide lack of safety in educational settings for women and girls: cultural norms, societal norms, sexual assault and sexual harassment. All four areas form part of a social–structural condition that
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‘Islamophobia Kills’. But Where Does it Come From? International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-01-28 Scott Poynting
This paper examines the global provenance of Australian Islamophobia in the light of the Christchurch massacre perpetrated by a white-supremacist Australian. Anti-Muslim racism in Australia came with British imperialism in the nineteenth century. Contemporary Islamophobia in Australia operates as part of a successor empire, the United States-led ‘Empire of Capital’. Anti-Muslim stories, rumours, campaigns
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Putting ‘Justice’ in Recovery Capital: Yarning about Hopes and Futures with Young People in Detention International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2020-01-20 Sharynne Lee Hamilton, Sarah Maslen, David Best, Jacinta Freeman, Melissa O'Donnell, Tracy Reibel, Raewyn Mutch, Rochelle Watkins
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people are over-represented in Australian youth detention centres and the justice system. In contrast to deficit-focused approaches to health and justice research, this article engages with the hopes, relationships and educational experiences of 38 detained youth in Western Australia who participated in a study of screening and diagnosis for fetal alcohol
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Community Sanctions as Pervasive Punishment: A Review Essay International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-12-10 David Brown
Community sanctions involving supervision are a neglected field in criminological research and are widely viewed in political, media and public discourse as ‘not prison’ and a ‘let-off’. An important new book, Pervasive Punishment by Fergus McNeill (2019), redresses this neglect by attempting to ‘make sense of mass supervision’ as a lived experience. Utilising a short story and allied projects with
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Contagion of Violence: The Role of Narratives, Worldviews, Mechanisms of Transmission and Contagion Entrepreneurs International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-11-11 Miranda Forsyth, Philip Gibbs
This paper develops the theory of the social contagion of violence by proposing a four-part analytical framework that focuses on: (1) contagious narratives and the accompanying behavioural script about the use of violence as a response to those narratives; (2) population susceptibility to these narratives, in particular the role of worldviews and the underlying emotional landscape; (3) mechanisms of
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The Criminalisation of Coercive Control: The Power of Law? International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-11-04 Sandra Walklate, Kate Fitz-Gibbon
Making sense of intimate partner violence has long been seen through the lens of coercive control. However, despite the longstanding presence of this concept, it is only in recent years that efforts have been made to recognise coercive control within the legal context. This article examines the extent to which the law per se has the power, or indeed the capacity, to respond to what is known about coercive
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Women Prisons in North-Eastern Thailand: How Well Do They Meet International Human Rights Standards? International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-11-04 Srisombat Chokprajakchat, Wanaporn Techagaisiyavanit
Thailand has one of the highest incarceration rates of women in the world. With an increasing prison population overall as well as an increasing proportion of female inmates, the country faces one of its most challenging tasks in penitentiary administration: reforms to its legal landscape and its correctional practices in line with international standards. A response to such a crisis is to undertake
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Lessons in Flexibility: Introducing a Yoga Program in an Australian Prison International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-11-04 Anthony Hopkins, Lorana Bartels, Lisa Oxman
International research provides support for yoga as a wellbeing intervention in prison. Until recently, no systematic research had been undertaken in Australia to assess the effectiveness of a yoga program, or consider the challenges of implementation. In 2017, the authors, in partnership with Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Corrective Services and the Yoga Foundation, introduced a pilot yoga program
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Profiteering from Urban Safety, Fear of Crime and Earthquakes in Istanbul International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-11-04 Halil Ibrahim Bahar
There is a direct relationship between urban safety in Istanbul and neoliberal urban planning policies that has led to the creation of a new wealthy class. Such a class has risen from profiteering from land deals and the construction of housing and offices, both of which were politically facilitated. The classification of areas of the city as being at risk from crime and earthquake, together with the
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Community Policing And Crime Prevention: Evaluating The Role Of Traditional Leaders Under Chief Madliwa In Nkayi District, Zimbabwe International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-11-04 Whitehead Zikhali
Community policing is a strategic consideration for contemporary policing, especially when police organisations worldwide increasingly seek cost-effective and sustainable methods of combating crime. The principle of community policing recognises the community and its leaders as equal partners in the prevention and reduction of crime. Hence, there is a need for research to interrogate how different
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The Colombian National Police and the Politics of Crime Control Evaluations International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-10-21 Kenneth Sebastian León
The Colombian National Police inaugurated a comprehensive operational model in 2010. Informed by evidence-based law enforcement models from the Global North, the MNVCC, or the National Quadrant Policing Model, integrates core features of procedural justice, hotspots, problem-oriented and community policing strategies. Just under a decade old, empirical assessments of the model’s impact vary in quality
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Local Elections and Organised Crime: The Case of Michoacán, Mexico International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-10-08 Jerjes Aguirre Ochoa, Hugo Amador Herrera Torres
This study, based on ethnographic analysis, reveals that municipal government elections in Mexico have become spaces of struggle among criminal groups striving to strengthen their presence throughout the territory. In municipal contexts characterised by institutional vacuums, delinquent organisations have succeeded in capturing political spaces. We argue that the continuous violence that has plagued
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Arcologies, Eco-shelters and Environmental Exemption: Constructing New Divisions and Inequalities in the Anthropocene International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-09-17 Nigel South
This article reviews some trends in the sociotechnical development of urban spaces and controlled environments. It provides past and present examples of spatial, volumetric and symbolic constructions that have functioned to enclose or divide before describing a new context of markets that promise to provide habitats or settlements offering ‘environmental exemption’. In other words, this is the ability
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The Norway–Colombia Agreement to Protect Rainforest and Reduce Global Warming: Success or Failure? International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-08-19 Ragnhild Sollund, Angela M Maldonado, Claudia Brieva Rico
The Norwegian government has made an agreement with Juan Manuel Santos, the former Colombian president, to give Colombia USD $48 million yearly in order to reduce deforestation. This forms part of a greater support effort by Norway to countries in the South to halt climate change, through the Norwegian International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) instituted after the Paris Agreement in 2015
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Between ‘Conservation’ and ‘Development’: The Construction of ‘Protected Nature’ and the Environmental Disenfranchisement of Indigenous Communities International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-08-19 David Rodríguez Goyes, Nigel South
Conservation and development discourses are the two main frameworks in which global debates on how to relate to nature occur. These discourses are considered as opposed; while conservation discourses argue for the maintenance of nature in its pristine state, development discourses seek to justify re-engineering spaces to give place to cities, monocultures and roads. However, both discourses have one
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Wildlife Trafficking between the European Union and Mexico International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-08-19 Inés Arroyo-Quiroz, Tanya Wyatt
Illegal wildlife trade or wildlife trafficking is a global threat to all kinds of species, not just charismatic megafauna or wildlife in Africa and Asia. This paper presents the findings of an investigation of the illegal trade in native and non-native wildlife and wildlife products between the European Union and Mexico. Using literature analysis, secondary trade data and expert interviews, this study
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Digital Public Criminology in Australia and New Zealand: Results from a Mixed Methods Study of Criminologists’ Use of Social Media International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-07-29 Mark A Wood, Imogen Richards, Mary Iliadis, Michael McDermott
The proliferation of social media in the so-called ‘post-broadcast era’ has profoundly altered the terrain for researchers to produce public scholarship and engage with the public. To date, however, the impact of social media on public criminology has not been subject to empirical inquiry. Drawing from a dataset of 116 survey responses and nine interviews, our mixed methods study addresses this opening
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Bianca Fileborn (2016) Reclaiming the Night-Time Economy: Unwanted Sexual Attention in Pubs and Clubs. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-05-29 Justine Hotten
Early in her book, Reclaiming the Night-Time Economy: Unwanted Sexual Attention in Pubs and Clubs, Bianca Fileborn (2016: 7) suggests that sexual violence research often focuses on illegal forms of harm, such as rape, sexual assault and child sexual abuse. However, as we have witnessed in the recent international #MeToo and #ShoutingBack movements, there is a growing awareness that there are many other
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Jatindra Kumar Das (2016) Human Rights Law and Practice. New Delhi, PHI Learning Private Limited. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-05-21 Lina Acca Mathew
Human rights law and practice offers a lucid, comprehensive understanding of human rights law through national and international human rights instruments and case law. In the preface, the author establishes the premise around which this book is constructed—that the term ‘human rights’ is ambiguous and can be used to describe a variety of legal relationships of entitlement, immunity, privilege and power
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Perceptions and Realities of Violence in Medellín, Colombia International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-05-07 Caroline Doyle
Latin America is one of the most violent regions in the world, and this is particularly evident in its many cities. While urban violence scholars and policymakers generally rely on homicide rates to measure levels of violence in urban environments, these objective indicators often do not capture its realities. By drawing from over six months of fieldwork in the Latin American city of Medellín, Colombia
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Rural Tax Evasion in Argentina: An Analysis of Tax Evasion Mechanisms and Social Relationships in the Córdoba Grain Market International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-05-07 Antonella Comba
This paper uses a theoretical perspective based on the ideas of Foucault, critical criminology, and rural criminology, to examine how social relations influenced tax evasion mechanisms in agriculture in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The paper’s main contribution is to show how tax evasion mechanisms are deeply rooted in social relationships developed in the grain market. Through the analysis
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Right to Sexual Autonomy of Children—Implications of the UNCRC upon the Indian Law on the Age of Consent International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-05-07 Lina Acca Mathew
This article discusses the implications of sexual autonomy of children under international child rights regime upon Indian law. Indian general criminal law defining the offence of rape and a special statute defining different types of child sexual assault led to the inference that the current age of consent is 18 years. Despite statutory prohibition of child marriages in India, the general criminal
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Alternative Positions on Crime and Criminality: An Examination of Perspective from the Margins International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-05-01 Danielle Watson
The study presents a case for expanding discussions about crime to include ideological variances, circumstances and societal contexts. A content analysis approach was used to interpret civilian interviews reflecting the problematic acceptance of crime as an understood construct and to highlight the need for recognition of interpretative diversities. The study analyses civilians’ perspectives that are
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How Sex Worker Activism Influenced the Decriminalisation of Sex Work in NSW, Australia. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-04-30 Eurydice Aroney, Penny Crofts
In 2015, Amnesty International joined over 200 sex worker organisations in the call for nations to decriminalise sex work. Despite this, only two jurisdictions in the world, New Zealand and New South Wales (NSW; Australia), have adopted this approach. This article examines the role that sex worker activists played in sex work law reform in NSW through their representative organisation, the Australian
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Policing Domestic and Family Violence International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-04-30 Heather Douglas
How police respond to domestic and family violence (DFV) has important ramifications for the safety of women and their children. Despite recognition of the key role police play in responding to DFV and the importance of the perspectives of survivors in informing appropriate responses, there has been no recent exploration of survivors' experiences of the police response to DFV in Queensland. This article
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Bias Crime Policing: 'The Graveyard Shift' International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-03-22 Gail Mason, Leslie Moran
Bias crime is crime that is motivated by prejudice or bias towards an attribute of the victim, such as race, religion or sexuality. Police have been criticised for failing to take bias crime seriously. There is a pressing need to understand the reasons for this failure. This article aims to address this gap by presenting the results of the first empirical study of bias crime policing in the Australian
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Imprisonment of Female Urban and Rural Offenders in Victoria, 1860-1920 International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-02-27 Victoria Nagy, Alana Piper
This paper examines imprisonment data from Victoria between 1860 and 1920 to gather insights into the variations in incidence of women being convicted by rural versus urban courts, including close focus on the difference in types of offences being committed in urban and rural locations. This paper also details women’s mobility between both communities as well as change in their offending profiles based
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The Fable of The Three Little Pigs: Climate Change and Green Cultural Criminology International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-02-20 Avi Brisman
This paper builds on previous calls for a green cultural criminology that is more attuned to narrative, as well as a narrative criminology that does not limit itself to nonfictional stories of offenders, in two ways. First, it considers how a particular kind of environmental narrative— that of climate change—appears, as well as criticisms thereof. In analysing and assessing existing climate change
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Avi Brisman, Bill McClanahan, Nigel South and Reece Walters (2018) Water, Crime and Security in the Twenty-First Century. London: Palgrave Macmillan. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-02-19 James R Gacek
Water, Crime and Security in the Twenty-First Century challenges the taken-for-granted assumption that comprehensive criminological analyses and water do not mix. On the contrary, as the authors detail, a greater examination of water from a criminological perspective progresses a timely and warranted discussion forward, centring and acknowledging the interrelations between water, crime and social justice
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A Child’s Capacity to Commit Crime: Examining the Operation of Doli Incapax in Victoria (Australia) International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-02-19 Kate Fitz-Gibbon, Wendy O'Brien
The rebuttable presumption of doli incapax is available in all Australian states and territories and provides that, where a child is unable to comprehend the distinction between actions that are ‘seriously wrong’ and those that are ‘naughty or mischievous’, they cannot be held criminally responsible for their actions. Despite the key role that doli incapax should play in diverting the youngest offenders
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Institutional Ethnography as a Method of Inquiry for Criminal Justice and Socio-Legal Studies International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-02-18 Agnieszka Doll, Kevin Walby
Institutional ethnography (IE) is a method of inquiry created by Canadian feminist sociologist Dorothy E. Smith to examine how sequences of texts coordinate forms of organisation. Here we explain how to use IE, and why scholars in criminal justice and socio-legal studies should use it in their research. We focus on IE’s analysis of texts and intertextual hierarchy, as well as Smith’s understanding
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Social Representations of Homicide Investigations by Judges, Prosecutors and Police: A Case Study from the Metropolitan Area of Brasilia International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy Pub Date : 2019-02-18 Bruno Amaral Machado, Maria Stela Grossi Porto
This article examines homicide in the Metropolitan Area of Brasilia (MAB), analysing social representations from elites in the criminal justice system, including police chiefs, prosecutors and judges. It draws on the theory of social representations (TSR) to explore the imaginaries constructed around the criminal justice system’s inability to adequately investigate the rise in homicides. The representations