Microalgae are well-known for their role as sustainable bio-factories, offering a promising solution to the global food and nutrition crisis. To determine the potential of Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1230 for food applications, particularly as an alternative protein source, the study employed a mixotrophic cultivation mode with sodium acetate (NaAc) as a cost-effective organic carbon (NaAc-C) source

In a typical chemical pulp mill, heat and electricity are generated as by-products. With increased value of biogenic carbon, however, alternative products may be more valuable. In the present study, a techno-economic optimisation model representing a pulp mill is subjected to possible near-future energy markets to compare investments in: (i) a condensing turbine for increased electricity generation;

The conversion of renewable waste into energy is crucial for sustainable energy production and for mitigating anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This study investigates the production of renewable diesel (RD) from animal waste oil (AWO) via a hydrothermal conversion (HTC) process, focusing on economic and environmental feasibility. The yields of the HTC reaction at 420 °C and 3.5 MPa were obtained from lab-scale

Livestock and biodegradable waste are recognized as significant resources for biogas production, contributing to sustainable energy solutions. This paper analyzes the biogas production potential from biomass resources in Iran, addressing the urgent need for reliable and renewable energy sources. The study conducts a three-stage analysis using data collection, statistical methods, and economic evaluation

Exploration of different biodegradable waste materials for green energy generation has been a sustainable approach and is being promoted widely. Poultry litter (PL), due to its high nitrogen content in the form of uric acid, urea, and feed protein, restrains it from being used as the sole substrate for anaerobic digestion. Co-digesting it with other carbon-rich agricultural wastes has resulted in greater

The European Union (EU) has set ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate climate change. Biofuels are a key component in achieving these goals, but inaccurate GHG emissions metrics can lead to ineffective policies. Accurate metrics are essential for guiding investments in the biofuels sector, driving innovation, and maintaining public support for EU climate policies.

This study explores the gasification of textile waste at 900 °C using different gasifying agents: air, CO2, and mixtures with steam. The research focuses on evaluating the composition and quality of the produced syngas, the characteristics of the generated tars, and the energy balance of the process for each gasifying agent.

The brewing industry generates a considerable quantity of co-products, with brewer's spent grain (BSG) representing the most abundant. In this study, BSG pretreatment using ultrasound was investigated to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of fermentable sugars (FS). Several ultrasound systems were evaluated, and the optimal pretreatment conditions were obtained using the ultrasound bath (130 kHz/200 W/27

The rising demand for pyruvate, a vital metabolic intermediate in pharmaceutical, food, and agrochemical industries, necessitates the need for sustainable alternatives to petrochemical-based production. This study assesses the techno-economic feasibility of producing pyruvate from rice straw, an abundant agricultural waste, using Candida glabrata MCC 1800. Response surface methodology optimized fermentation

Biodiesel is gaining global attention as a viable alternative fuel to partially or entirely replace mineral diesel. However, its widespread commercial adoption remains limited due to high production costs, feedstock availability, and infrastructural constraints, preventing it from being routinely available at gas stations. To facilitate its large-scale adoption, biodiesel production must become more

Biomass is the primary renewable solid fuel used for domestic heating, district heating networks and distributed energy generation. However, the contamination of biomass fuels with plastic waste poses a serious environmental and health risk, as combustion systems designed for clean biomass are unable to reduce harmful emissions. Model samples containing 0.1–10.0 % by weight of polymer mixtures were

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a versatile biopolymer derived from plant-based cellulose and widely used in the pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, plastic and paper industries. A novel integrated process for synthesizing MCC from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) has been investigated. The process begins with ozonolysis pretreatment to achieve maximum lignin removal. The ozonated EFB cellulose pulp

The efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) into value-added products depends on implementing sustainable extraction methods. Employing environmentally friendly techniques for lignin extraction is crucial for the bioconversion of LCB. This study utilizes a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) for the pretreatment of castor de-oiled cake biomass (CDCB) to recover lignin. The pretreatment

2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) and 2-methylfuran (2-MF) are new types of advanced liquid biofuels that can be produced by the catalytic hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural (FF). In the past, many studies have been devoted to the hydrogenolysis of single HMF or FF, but very few studies have been reported on the co-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of HMF and FF until now, which is because the

The use of microalgae in wastewater treatment is a sustainable approach that efficiently removes nutrients and produces biomass. The microalgal species is an important factor significantly impacting the overall effectiveness of these microalgae-based technologies. This study aimed to identify microalgal species with high capabilities of nutrient uptake and high-value microalgal biomass production for

Asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) have emerged as promising, high-performance energy storage devices owing to their broad operating voltage range, which significantly improves their energy and power densities. This work thus developed a hybrid ASC consisting of the copper hydroxy compound, brochantite/malachite (BM), as a positive electrode, and the corn leaf-derived activated carbon (AC) as a negative

This work aims to the biomass valorization in advancing sustainable water treatment by converting agricultural waste into highly effective adsorbents for pollutant removal from contaminated water sources. Herein, a bioadsorbent material (CHI-OX/MS-HN) was developed from crosslinked chitosan-oxalate and chemically modified mango (Mangifera indica L.) seed with nitric acid (HNO3) to remove crystal violet

Biodiesel is considered a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels as it accounts for the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and enhancement in energy security. The present study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of biodiesel production from Jatropha and Rapeseed oils through Life Cycle Assessment by using the ReCiPe 2016 impact assessment method and the Ecoinvent v3.8 database in the OpenLCA

The RWGS reaction is a key pathway for converting CO2 into CO, a crucial intermediate to produce synthetic fuels and chemicals. Optimizing RWGS catalysts to enhance CO selectivity at lower temperatures facilitates integration with downstream processes such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. This study investigates the promotional effects of Mo, Cr, Mn, and Ce on Fe/CDC catalysts for RWGS. The catalysts

The objective of this study was to develop a method for selective separation and recovery of phosphorus from carbonized sewage sludge (SSC) by the volatile chloride process. First, char was prepared from sewage sludge, and P existed as FeP2 in SSC. Next, the volatilization behavior of the constituent elements during chlorination of SSC was investigated in detail: volatilization of Fe and P in SSC was

Despite the benefits of using microalgae-based biofuels as a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuels, the high cost of biomass harvesting remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the potential of cocultivating Pleurochrysis carterae as a self-flocculating microalgae for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize key parameters

Termites harbour a diverse array of microsymbionts in their gut and their remarkable ability to hydrolyse lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars has been a subject of interest in biofuel research. By producing lignocellulolytic enzymes, microsymbionts in the termite gut can depolymerise 74–99 % of cellulose and 65–87 % of hemicelluloses within hours, thus opening new vistas in sustainable

Agricultural residues have substantial potential as an energy resource, particularly in the context of escalating energy shortages and intensifying climate change. However, quantifying agricultural residues at fine spatial scales remains challenging due to the limitations of existing data and appropriate research methodologies. In this study, our objective is to quantify agricultural residues across

Aqueous pyrolysis liquid (APL) is unstable and hazardous material due to its high oxygen content and the presence of organic phenolic and aromatic compounds respectively, which makes its management challenging. Anaerobic digestion is a process that can be used to treat challenging substances such as APL. In this study, anaerobic digestion of APL as a co-substrate is investigated to generate biogas

This research aimed to develop catalyst and technology design to selectively convert sawdust into bio jet fuel (BJF) components via ex-situ catalytic hydropyrolysis (CHP) process. Design of catalyst configuration was carried out considering the fact that an efficient catalyst for biomass pyrolysis process requires (i) an improved diffusion rate of reactants/products to and from the catalyst active

Furfural is a vital platform chemical and a carcinogenic derivative; therefore, it must be utilized and converted into a value-added product. The vapor-phase hydrogenation of furfural to yield furfuryl alcohol is studied via a copper-based magnesia-alumina catalyst. Herein, we have investigated the synthesized catalysts by several spectroscopic and analytical techniques to determine the physiochemical

The pretreatment step required for second-generation ethanol production releases inhibitory compounds that are harmful to yeasts, impacting the use of the hemicellulosic fraction. A proven-effective strategy to overcome this bottleneck of the process is to enhance yeast robustness and resistance to inhibitors. This study aimed to enhance the performance of the yeast Spathaspora passalidarum to the

Pyrolysis of biomass-plastic waste mixtures offers a promising pathway for sustainable energy recovery, yet the underlying kinetic interactions remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the co-pyrolysis behavior of de-oiled mahua cake (DOMC) and waste low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), model-free kinetic modeling, and artificial neural network (ANN) prediction

]The current manuscript investigates the technical feasibility for the production of advanced aviation and marine e-fuels from microbial lipids via hydrotreatment. Two microbial lipids produced from municipal solid wastes (spent coffee grounds and orange peels) using the selected oleaginous yeast of the L. starkey and C. curvatus were tested. Due to the limited microbial lipids availability, the free

The green synthesis and modification of biochar are two technological advances in bio-adsorbent-mediated wastewater treatment. The environmental sustainability, circular economy, waste valorization, and efficient management of pollutants are reviewed. "Green synthesis" is the use of biological extracts in the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The green-synthesized nanoparticles are

Biofuels are becoming viable alternatives to fossil fuels in the recent times due to rapidly declining supply of the latter. Ethanol production using agricultural feedstock is promoted to meet the increasing energy demands, mitigate environmental challenges presented by conventional fossil fuels and boost economic conditions in agro-energy sector. Among cereals, maize holds a prominent position in

Plastics have become an integral part of our daily life. The advantages and benefits of plastic applications are counterbalanced by its drawbacks. Governments across the world are struggling to repurpose or value used plastic products. To minimize greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, this study aims to recover carbon from waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) based plastics into value-added

Enzymatic lignin (EL) was assessed by acidolysis from the lignocellulosic residue obtained after enzymatic saccharification of steam exploded Eucalyptus globulus bark. The structural characteristics of the obtained dioxane lignin were evaluated by wet chemistry and spectroscopy techniques (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR), 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and molecular

This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of a plant designed to produce synthetic natural gas (SNG) from biogas through direct catalytic methanation. The proposed facility is simulated with Aspen Plus® v14, using a comprehensive approach that covers the entire process, from biogas pretreatment to the production of the final product. The installation aims to contribute to the development

Addressing the global energy demand requires innovative solutions, particularly in light of rising atmospheric CO2 levels and the imperative to transition away from coal. Carbonaceous materials obtained from biomass waste streams (known as hard carbons) show considerable potential owing to their abundance and beneficial characteristics for energy storage devices. However, there is a lack of understanding

The utilization of biomass resources in the development of carbon-based supercapacitor electrode materials shows considerable promise as an effective energy storage system. In this regard, the elevated carbon content and favorable thermoplasticity of bio-oils facilitate its utilization as a precursor for the manufacture of carbon electrode materials for supercapacitors. Herein, a flower-like hierarchical

Co-firing biomass with coal in circular fluidized bed combustors is a promising method to reduce carbon emissions. In this study, the ash behavior and combustion characteristics of anthracite, wood pellet (WP) and their blends were thoroughly investigated by thermomechanical and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results show that the fusibility of anthracite ash is significantly enhanced

Delayed fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of lime-pretreated wheat straw was carried out with a wild type yeast (i.e., Candida shehatae) to produce high titer ethanol. Calcium ions in lime-pretreated wheat straw were precipitated by pH controlling agent (i.e., sulfuric acid) to reduce inhibition of inorganic ions on yeast fermentation. It was found that ethanol concentration

Oil palm fronds (OPF), available in abundance, represent a promising sustainable resource, yet its utilization is hindered by the demanding process of cellulose extraction. This study introduces a cost-effective, one-step dilute acid-assisted hydrothermal method using dilute HNO3 (0.5 M) at 120 °C. The selected conditions, with a treatment time of 30 min, resulted in cellulose extraction with a purity

This study aims to evaluate the bioenergy potential of oleaster seed (OS) and to determine the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics required for the efficient design and optimization of thermochemical processes for bioenergy production. To achieve this, the pyrolysis processes of OS were extensively analyzed using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. Thermogravimetric analyses were conducted

This research used artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the complex pyrolysis behaviour of chickpea stalk (CS) using factors such as temperature (°C) and heating rate (°C/min). This is the first comprehensive kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of CS during pyrolysis thermal degradation, using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at four different heating rates. Kinetic parameters were determined

During smoking, the cut tobacco undergoes a series of thermal decomposition and secondary reactions when heated, resulting in the production of harmful substances such as nicotine, CO and furfural, which caused various diseases. Therefore, to elucidate the decomposition and transformation pathways of cut tobacco components and investigate the formation of harmful substances, it is necessary to conduct

The efficiency of the extraction of pigments from Chlorella sorokiniana produced in a bioenergy façade (53° 29′ 42'' N 10° 0′ 40'' O) with the surfactant Heptylglycerin was studied. Samples were obtained in monthly intervals between May and November 2022 and microalgae were extracted with surfactant: biomass ratios between 3.2 and 5.9, extraction times down to 1 h and temperatures <60 °C. The pigment

The research focuses on enhancing hydrogen production using a blend of municipal solid waste (MSW) with Biomass and mixed plastic waste (MPW) under the Bioenergy with Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (BECCUS) concept. The key challenges include optimising the feedstock blends and gasification process parameters to maximise hydrogen yield and carbon dioxide capture. This study introduces a novel

As a renewable and clean energy, biodiesel has attracted increasing attention from countries worldwide. The preparation of biodiesel by supercritical transesterification has the advantages of a fast reaction rate, high conversion rate, easy product separation and purification, and simple process, and has been widely studied. This paper uses triglyceride as a rapeseed oil model compound to study the

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are emerging as a promising technology for large-scale energy storage due to their flexibility, scalability, and long cycle life. These batteries play a crucial role in achieving optimal efficiency and performance for stationary energy storage applications. Carbon materials are integral to improving the performance of RFBs, particularly in electrodes and bipolar plates,

This study presents an innovative cleaner production strategy for the energetic valorization of greasy wastewater sludge (WS) through biodiesel synthesis, using choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvents (DES) with p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) and oxalic acid (OA) as green catalysts. Biodiesel production was evaluated using two approaches: (i) a one-step cleaner production process with different

Marine biomass and fish by-products represent an underutilized resource, often discarded as waste by the fishing and processing industries, but with great bioenergy potential. This review explores their use as feedstocks in thermochemical processes such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Recent advancements in these conversion methods are discussed alongside a detailed thermochemical characterization

Pine resin, a valuable bio-based resource with diverse applications, holds significant economic potential in China due to the abundance of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana). In order to maximize the value of pine resin, it is essential to focus on the rational tapping of pine trees. However, the traditional method for resin tapping employs an open system where the wounds, the resin ducts and the collected

Cotton is one of the most important crops globally and is widely planted. This study systematically investigated the pyrolysis characteristics and product distribution of peeled cotton stalks using thermogravimetry/Fourier transform infrared analysis (TG-FTIR) at heating rates ranging from 5 to 60 K/min. Kinetic parameters were estimated using the two model-free methods, and the results revealed that

Soil health and nitrogen cycling are critical for sustainable biomass production, yet the long-term effects of monoculture biomass cropping on these factors remain underexplored. This study examines the five-year monoculture cultivation effects of giant reed (Arundo donax L.), miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), and sida (Sida hermaphrodita) on soil biochemical properties, nitrogen species, and biomass

This paper deals with hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of swine manure in a pilot plant setup operating in continuous mode. Two temperatures (210 °C and 250 °C) were tested and recycling of the liquid fraction was studied to improve the quality of the resulting hydrochar. The hydrochars obtained at 210 °C fulfill the criteria to be used as solid biofuels (ISO 17225–8:2023). Increasing the reaction

The global energy matrix, predominantly fuelled by fossil sources constituting 85 % of consumption, confronts critical ecological ramifications, including prodigious greenhouse gas emissions precipitating climate change and pervasive pollution. This probe elucidates the mechanistic proficiency and economic viability of TiO2-augmented CaO-derived nano-catalysts for biodiesel production from Brassica

The increasing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources has led to significant research in biodiesel production. This study explores the synthesis of castor biodiesel using a novel bamboo leaves ash (BLA@SiO2) doped with swan goose (Anser cygnoides) eggshell derived CaO (BLA@SiO2-CaO) as green catalyst. Anser cygnoides eggshells were calcinated at 900°C for 3 h, and doped with (BLA@SiO2)

The aviation industry is a "hard to electrify" sector with limited possibilities for alternative fuels such as green hydrogen. Therefore, there is a call for sustainable fuel alternatives which is driving intensive research into bio-jet fuels (BJF) that could be used in aviation, without revamping the aircraft fleets and the aviation infrastructures. This review evaluates the potential of photosynthetic

The growing environmental effect of traditional plastic packaging has caused a growing search for sustainable alternatives, and cellulose has emerged as an attractive option due to its mechanical strength, biodegradability, and renewable nature. Marine-derived cellulose from algae, mangroves, and marine sediments remains poorly understood despite its unique structural and functional advantages, whereas

Polylactic acid (PLA) is the highest produced bioplastic globally but facing end-life disposal challenges. Pyrolysis proves to be a viable option, but the recovered product profile is not desirable in terms of quality and value. Date Pits (DP), a waste byproduct chemically rich with lignocellulosic fragments, can provide unique carbon-rich precursors which are highly desirable in the pyrolysis process

The present study evaluated the potential of algae-based integrated food waste biorefinery to produce valuable bio-based compounds. Lipid-rich particles (FW-LRP) were applied for microalgae harvest, followed by using the solid fraction of food waste (FW-S) for biogas production. The FW-LRP showed 57.2 % higher lipid content with 73.3 % higher polyunsaturated fatty acid compared to food waste mixture

Current work focuses on the investigation of newly explored Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) seed oil as an efficient and oil rich (45 % w/w) source for producing user friendly biodiesel during transesterification reaction. The whole process was facilitated using green nanocatalyst (K2O) synthesized from discarded Caesalpinia bonduc seed coat as reducing agent. About 98.27 % Caesalpinia biodiesel yield was