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Explicationist Epistemology and the Explanatory Role of Knowledge Journal for General Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2021-04-08 Erik J. Olsson
It has been argued that much of contemporary epistemology can be unified under Carnap’s methodology of explication, which originated in the neighboring field of philosophy of science. However, it is unclear to what extent epistemological theories that emphasize the explanatory role of knowledge fit into this picture, Kornblith’s natural kind epistemology and Williamson’s knowledge first approach being
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Angélique Marguerite Le Boursier du Coudray (1712–1790) – Pioneer of simulation Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2021-04-07 Gurpreet Kaur Jandu, Azizah Khan
Madame du Coudray (1712–1790) was a French midwife who educated peers in rural areas. She was seen as a pioneer of simulation as she developed the first obstetric mannequin, known as 'the machine'. Complex cases could be simulated in a safe environment, which enabled midwives to improve their abilities in managing such deliveries.
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Dialectical Hegelian Logic and Physical Quantity and Quality Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-04-07 J. L. Usó-Doménech, J. A. Nescolarde-Selva, H. Gash
In Ontology, quality determines beings. The quality-quantity bipolarity reveals that a conceptual logical comprehension that can include negation must be a dialectical logic. Quality is a precise characteristic of something (or a subject predicate) capable of augmentation or diminution while remaining identical through differences or quantitative changes. Thus, quality and in opposition quantity are
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Stimmung/Nastrój as Content of Modern Science: On Musical Metaphors in Ludwik Fleck’s Theory of Thought Styles and Thought Collectives Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 Paweł Jarnicki
Thought style and thought collective are two well-known concepts from Ludwik Fleck’s theory of science, which he originally formulated in Polish and German. This paper contends that these two concepts cannot be fully understood without a third—Stimmung/nastrój, which is one of the musical metaphors that play an important role in Fleck’s thinking. Because it is most often translated into English as
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Intrinsic Justifications for Large-Cardinal Axioms Philosophia Mathematica (IF 0.733) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 Rupert McCallum
The aim of the paper is to answer some arguments raised against mathematical structuralism developed by Michael Resnik. These arguments stress the abstractness of mathematical objects, especially their causal inertness, and conclude that mathematical objects, the structures posited by Resnik included, are inaccessible to human cognition. In the paper I introduce a distinction between abstract and ideal
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Taking Exception: Philosophy of Technology as a Multidimensional Problem Space Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 Dominic Smith
This essay develops three key claims made in my 2018 book, Exceptional Technologies. Part one argues for ‘trivialising the transcendental’, to remove stigmas attached to the word ‘transcendental’ in philosophy in general and philosophy of technology in particular. Part two outlines the concept of ‘exceptional technologies’. These are artefacts and practices that show up as limit cases for our received
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Technologizing the Transcendental, not Discarding it Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 Pieter Lemmens
In this reply I further defend my claim that the transcendental should always remain a primary concern for philosophy of technology as a philosophical enterprise, contra the empirical turn’s rejection of it. Yet, instead of emphasizing the non-technological conditions of technology, as ‘classic’ thinkers of technology such as Heidegger did, it should recognize technology itself as the transcendental
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Digital Imagination, Fantasy, AI Art Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-04-02 Galit Wellner
In this reply to my reviewers, I touch upon Husserl’s notion of fantasy. Whereas Kant positions fantasy outside the scope of his own work, Husserl brings it back. The importance of this notion lies in freeing imagination from the tight link to images, as for Husserl imagination is an activity that functions as a “quasi perception.” Ihde and Stiegler enrich Husserl’s analysis of imagination with various
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The Ecological Turn in Design: Adopting a Posthumanist Ethics to Inform Value Sensitive Design Philosophies Pub Date : 2021-04-02 Steven Umbrello
Design for Values (DfV) philosophies are a series of design approaches that aim to incorporate human values into the early phases of technological design to direct innovation into beneficial outcomes. The difficulty and necessity of directing advantageous futures for transformative technologies through the application and adoption of value-based design approaches are apparent. However, questions of
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Spinoza in His Time: The 17th-Century Religious Context Philosophies Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Joke Spaans
In one of the last paragraphs of his Tractatus theologico-politicus (1670), Spinoza extolls the harmony between people of a diversity of faiths, maintained by the magistracy of Amsterdam. However, he also seems apprehensive about the possibility of the return of chaos, such as during the Arminian Controversies in the Dutch Republic in the 1610s and the English Civil War in the 1640s and 1650s. The
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Curators Serving the Public Good Philosophies Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Jean-Paul Martinon
This article investigates a principle inscribed at the top of most codes of ethics for curators: they should always “serve the public good.” No self-respecting curator would ever admit to serve “the private good,” that is, the good of the few, whether that of an elite in power or of a circle of friends or allies. The principle of “serving the public good” is inalienable and unquestionable even in situations
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Uncertainty and the inconvenient facts of diagnosis Endeavour (IF 0.303) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Annemarie Jutel
One common contemporary usage of the term “diagnostic uncertainty” is to refer to cases for which a diagnosis is not, or cannot, be applied to the presenting case. This is a paradoxical usage, as the absence of diagnosis is often as close to a certainty as can be a human judgement. What makes this sociologically interesting is that it represents an “epistemic defence,” or a means of accounting for
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Truth in numbers? Emancipation, race, and federal census statistics in the debates over Black mental health in the United States, 1840–1900 Endeavour (IF 0.303) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Élodie Grossi
To the keen observer of American political and medical history, a disturbing set of debates surrounded the sanity of free Black residents of the United States of America after the publication of the controversial 1840 census returns on race and insanity. This article analyzes how the census became a battlefield where physicians and other commentators fought over—and thus shaped—various political meanings
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This Strange Being Called the Cosmos Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Yuk Hui
This supplementary essay aims to respond to and clarify the misunderstandings concerning the concept of cosmotechnics, the ambiguities of the term cosmos arisen in the article “For a Cosmotechnical Event,” as well as the reason for the neologism of cosmotechnics.
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Commentary to “Practicing Dialectics of Technoscience During the Anthropocene” by Hub Zwart Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-31 Hans-Jörg Rheinberger
Hub Zwart’s article is about the idea—and the practice—of an embedded philosophy of science, that is, a philosophy participating in and at the same time reflecting about the current state of the sciences facing the Anthropocene, to which I am very sympathetic. There are, however, two caveats. The first is that participation is always in danger to end up in a more or less uncritical eulogy, in the present
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The object that technology is not and how we can relate to it Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-31 Helena De Preester
I reply to two comments to my paper “Subjectivity and transcendental illusions in the Anthropocene,” by Johannes Schick and Melentie Pandilovski. Schick expands on the possibility that technical objects become “other” in a Levinasian sense, making use of Simondon’s three-layered structure of technical objects. His proposal is to free technical objects and install a different relationship between humankind
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Maneuvering in the Interval: Reflections on Immanent Entanglements Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-31 Heather Wiltse
Both perspective and leverage are needed in order to arrive at a place where it is possible to do the philosophical work required in order to adequately account for our present sociotechnical landscape. One of the key characteristics of this landscape is the collapse of scale, as things become more like fluid assemblages and the economic incentives of surveillance capitalism turn ordinary things into
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Correction to: Preface of the Special Issue: International Symposium “Worlds of Entanglement” - Second Part Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-31 Diederik Aerts, Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi, Sandro Sozzo, Tomas Veloz
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-021-09793-2
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Are Language Games Also Confidence Tricks? Technology as Embodied Power and Collective Disempowerment Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-30 Christopher John Müller
Mark Coeckelbergh’s mobilisation of Wittgensteinian language games makes an important contribution to exposing the social dimension of machine use. This commentary asks to what extent this social dimension of meaning and the wider imaginary that forms around technological objects on account of the transparency of language is also part of a technological “confidence trick”. It suggests that philosophical
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Dialectical Methodology of the Praxis of Biology Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-30 Bart Gremmen
Zwart uses Hegel’s dialectical method to develop a dialectical methodology for assessing biology as technoscience during the Anthropocene. In this paper I will evaluate this use of Hegelian dialectics in biology. I will first elaborate the meaning of Hegel’s method of “Dialectics”. This helps me to evaluate Zwart’s dialectical scientific methodology from the perspective of Hegel’s method of “Dialectics”
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From Heideggerian Industrial Gigantism to Nanoscale Technologies Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-29 Don Ihde
As a regular reader of Science, Scientific American, Nature and The Eonomist, I could not miss how so many articles in these science-technology journals refer to micro-processing, which today dominates so much science-praxis. I have become aware that how science happens, changes primarily with a wide context of instrument changes. That is what this paper is about. Heidegger’s technologies were largely
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Recommended for “frequent perusal” and “improving the science of medicine”: Benjamin Rush’s American editions and the circulation of medical knowledge in the early Republic Endeavour (IF 0.303) Pub Date : 2021-03-26 Sarah Elizabeth Naramore
Between 1809 and 1813 leading American physician Benjamin Rush (1745–1813) devoted a significant portion of his time to the production of “American Editions” of four British and colonial medical texts by Thomas Sydenham (1624–1689), Sir John Pringle (1707–1782), William Hillary (1697–1763), and George Cleghorn (1716–1789). This occurred during a period where Rush might have written a textbook detailing
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Lost and found: The Nooth apparatus Endeavour (IF 0.303) Pub Date : 2021-03-27 Thomas J.J. McCloughlin
John Mervin Nooth, military surgeon, correspondent of Joseph Priestly and Benjamin Franklin, and noted inventor and scientist has been lost and found several times, through his eponymous invention: the Nooth apparatus. A large glass apparatus superficially resembling a Kipp’s gas generator was used originally for carbonating water during the “fizzy water” craze in the eighteenth century, only to be
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Contact Versus Education: An Explorative Comparison Between the Contact and Education Strategy Considering Albinism Related Stigma in Tanzanian High Schools Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-27 T. M. M. De Groot, P. Meurs, W. Jacquet, R. M. H. Peters
Albinism in Tanzania causes fierce health-related stigma. Little research has focused on the impact of stigma reduction strategies aiming to reduce albinism related stigma. Therefore, this research assessed the impact of two short video interventions among high school students in Tanzania on their attitude towards people with albinism: a contact intervention (n = 95) and an education intervention (n = 97)
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The Principal Principle, admissibility, and normal informal standards of what is reasonable European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 0.859) Pub Date : 2021-03-27 Jürgen Landes, Christian Wallmann, Jon Williamson
This paper highlights the role of Lewis’ Principal Principle and certain auxiliary conditions on admissibility as serving to explicate normal informal standards of what is reasonable. These considerations motivate the presuppositions of the argument that the Principal Principle implies the Principle of Indifference, put forward by Hawthorne et al. (British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 68
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Making the People’s landscape: Landscape ideals, collective labour, and the People’s parks (Folkets Parker) movement in Sweden, 1891-present Journal of Historical Geography (IF 1.343) Pub Date : 2021-03-25 Don Mitchell, Erik Jönsson, Johan Pries
Beginning in the 1890s, workers’ associations and social-democratic activists in Sweden developed a series of People’s Parks (Folkets parker) that extended across the length and breadth of the country. By the the mid-twentieth century, nearly every city, town, and village boasted its own People’s Park. Built for relaxation and recreation, as well as for political agitation, Folkets parker also represented
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Unspeakable Transport - What Quantum Teleportation Might be, and What it More Probably is Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-25 Jean-Michel Delhôtel
A Controlled Not variant of the standard quantum teleportation protocol affords a step-by-step analysis of what is, or can be said to be, achieved in the process in either location. Dominant interpretations of what quantum teleportation consists in and implies are reviewed in this light. Being mindful of the statistical significance of the terms and operations involved, as well as awareness of classical
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Education, Consciousness and Negative Feedback: Towards the Renewal of Modern Philosophy of Education Philosophies Pub Date : 2021-03-24 Eetu Pikkarainen
Among the biggest challenges facing the contemporary human condition, and therefore also education, is responding to the climate crisis. One of the sources of the crisis is assumed to be absent-mindedness, presented by Leslie Dewart as a distortion of the development of human consciousness. Dewart’s poorly-known philosophical consciousness study is presented in this paper in broad outline. The problems
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Letter to Matter and Various Incomprehensibilities—The Effective Ethicality of Scientific and Humanistic Interdisciplinarity Philosophies Pub Date : 2021-03-24 Gianfranco Minati
The article is based on the dual concepts of theoretical incompleteness in systems science and theoretical incomprehensibility in philosophy previously introduced in the literature. Issues of incompleteness relate to the logical openness of complexity models in their nonequivalence and necessary non-zippable incompletable multiplicity. This concerns the quasi-ness of phenomena and the constructivist
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Making our “meta-hypotheses” clear: heterogeneity and the role of direct replications in science European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 0.859) Pub Date : 2021-03-24 Eirik Strømland
This paper argues that some of the discussion around meta-scientific issues can be viewed as an argument over different “meta-hypotheses” – assumptions made about how different hypotheses in a scientific literature relate to each other. I argue that, currently, such meta-hypotheses are typically left unstated except in methodological papers and that the consequence of this practice is that it is hard
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The transmutations of chymistry. Wilhelm Homberg and the Académie Royale des Sciences Annals of Science Pub Date : 2021-03-24 Anita Guerrini
(2021). The transmutations of chymistry. Wilhelm Homberg and the Académie Royale des Sciences. Annals of Science. Ahead of Print.
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Mario Bunge (1919–2020): Conjoining Philosophy of Science and Scientific Philosophy Journal for General Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2021-03-21 Martin Mahner
The leitmotif of Mario Bunge’s work was that the philosophy of science should be informed by a comprehensive scientific philosophy, and vice versa; with both firmly rooted in realism and materialism. Now Bunge left such a big oeuvre, comprising more than 70 books and hundreds of articles, that it is impossible to review it in its entirety. In addition to biographical remarks, this obituary will therefore
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On resolving singularities of plane curves via a theorem attributed to Alfred Clebsch Historia Mathematica (IF 0.286) Pub Date : 2021-03-22 David E. Rowe
This paper discusses a theorem in birational geometry that J.L. Coolidge attributed to Alfred Clebsch. The background is reconstructed from letters Felix Klein exchanged with Max Noether in 1894, when Noether was completing work on a lengthy report with Alexander Brill on the history of algebraic functions. Noether was deeply troubled to learn that Klein had informed him back in 1869 about relevant
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Against the Tyranny of ‘Pure States’ in Quantum Theory Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-22 C. de Ronde, C. Massri
We argue that the notion of pure sate within Standard Quantum Mechanics is presently applied within the specialized literature in relation to two mutually inconsistent definitions. While the first (operational purity) provides a basis-dependent definition which makes reference to the certain prediction of measurement outcomes, the latter (trace-invariant purity) provides a purely abstract invariant
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On the Ontological Status of Mechanisms and Processes in the Social World Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-21 Henrique Estides Delgado
This paper gives a philosophical outline of the importance of plausible ontologies in the social sciences and argues how mechanisms and processes should be placed as the foundation in the social world. The argumentation is mainly based on a critical appraisal of the use of mechanisms and processes in the works of Norbert Elias, Charles Tilly, and Jon Elster. I start by elaborating on how inquiries
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Cooperative Division of Cognitive Labour: The Social Epistemology of Photosynthesis Research Journal for General Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2021-03-19 Kärin Nickelsen
How do scientists generate knowledge in groups, and how have they done so in the past? How do epistemically motivated social interactions influence or even drive this process? These questions speak to core interests of both history and philosophy of science. Idealised models and formal arguments have been suggested to illuminate the social epistemology of science, but their conclusions are not directly
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Mathematics as a Science of Non-abstract Reality: Aristotelian Realist Philosophies of Mathematics Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 James Franklin
There is a wide range of realist but non-Platonist philosophies of mathematics—naturalist or Aristotelian realisms. Held by Aristotle and Mill, they played little part in twentieth century philosophy of mathematics but have been revived recently. They assimilate mathematics to the rest of science. They hold that mathematics is the science of X, where X is some observable feature of the (physical or
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Quantum Bayesian Decision-Making Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Michael de Oliveira, Luis Soares Barbosa
As a compact representation of joint probability distributions over a dependence graph of random variables, and a tool for modelling and reasoning in the presence of uncertainty, Bayesian networks are of great importance for artificial intelligence to combine domain knowledge, capture causal relationships, or learn from incomplete datasets. Known as a NP-hard problem in a classical setting, Bayesian
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Unfolding the Layers of Mind and World: Wellner’s Posthuman Digital Imagination Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Melinda Campbell
Galit Wellner’s exploration of new kinds of digital technologies employing AI algorithms that simulate features and functions of the human imagination leads her to propose a conceptual analysis of the imagination as a composite of perception and memory. Wellner poses the question of whether the output of such technological applications might be regarded as not merely simulating creative activity but
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Cosmos and Technology (Dasein’s Planetary Condition) Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Frédéric Neyrat
In response to Yuk Hui’s essay “For a Cosmotechnical Event,” I argue that the cosmos can only be metaphysically apprehended through a deepening of its astrophysical understanding. This understanding makes the universe—and the Earth—a contingent, historical, and an-archic formation. Dasein is therefore under planetary condition, seeking to ensure that the Earth is finally able to recognize its strangeness
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Comparative Policy Analysis and the Science of Conceptual Systems: A Candidate Pathway to a Common Variable Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Guswin de Wee
In comparative policy analysis (CPA), a generally accepted historic problem that transcends time is that of identifying common variables. Coupled with this problem is the unanswered challenge of collaboration and interdisciplinary research. Additionally, there is the problem of the rare use of text-as-data in CPA and the fact it is rarely applied, despite the potential demonstrated in other subfields
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Thing-Transcendentality: Navigating the Interval of “technology” and “Technology” Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Yoni Van Den Eede
The empirical-transcendental debate in philosophy of technology, as debates go, took a turn toward the counterposing of the two perspectives, ‘empirical’-pragmatic-pragmatist versus ‘transcendental’-critical. Postphenomenology aligns itself with the former standpoint, and it is in this spirit that commentators have criticized it for its too-instrumentalist stance and lack of overarching, i.e., transcendental
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Cosmotechnical Thought Between Substantivism and the Empirical Turn Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Andrés Vaccari
In this article I respond to Yuk Hui by revisiting the crossroads in the philosophy of technology as represented by the philosophies of Stiegler and Ihde. Whereas Hui proposes the concept of cosmotechnics as an integrating perspective, I conceive of the crossroads in other terms, namely from the perspective of substantivism. I characterize our present situation, what a philosophy of technology should
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Entanglement, Symmetry Breaking and Collapse: Correspondences Between Quantum and Self-Organizing Dynamics Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Francis Heylighen
Quantum phenomena are notoriously difficult to grasp. The present paper first reviews the most important quantum concepts in a non-technical manner: superposition, uncertainty, collapse of the wave function, entanglement and non-locality. It then tries to clarify these concepts by examining their analogues in complex, self-organizing systems. These include bifurcations, attractors, emergent constraints
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Practicing Dialectics of Technoscience during the Anthropocene Foundations of Science (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Hub Zwart
This paper develops a dialectical methodology for assessing technoscience during the Anthropocene. How to practice Hegelian dialectics of technoscience today? First of all, dialectics is developed here in close interaction with contemporary technoscientific research endeavours, which are addressed from a position of proximity and from an ‘oblique’ perspective. Contrary to empirical (sociological or
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A mistaken confidence in data European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 0.859) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Edouard Machery
In this paper I explore an underdiscussed factor contributing to the replication crisis: Scientists, and following them policy makers, often neglect sources of errors in the production and interpretation of data and thus overestimate what can be learnt from them. This neglect leads scientists to conduct experiments that are insufficiently informative and science consumers, including other scientists
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The Objective Bayesian Probability that an Unknown Positive Real Variable Is Greater Than a Known Is 1/2 Philosophies Pub Date : 2021-03-18 Christopher D. Fiorillo, Sunil L. Kim
If there are two dependent positive real variables x1 and x2, and only x1 is known, what is the probability that x2 is larger versus smaller than x1? There is no uniquely correct answer according to “frequentist” and “subjective Bayesian” definitions of probability. Here we derive the answer given the “objective Bayesian” definition developed by Jeffreys, Cox, and Jaynes. We declare the standard distance
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Homeostatic Property Cluster Theory without Homeostatic Mechanisms: Two Recent Attempts and their Costs Journal for General Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Yukinori Onishi, Davide Serpico
The homeostatic property cluster theory (HPC) is widely influential for its ability to account for many natural-kind terms in the life sciences. However, the notion of homeostatic mechanism has never been fully explicated. In 2009, Carl Craver interpreted the notion in the sense articulated in discussions on mechanistic explanation and pointed out that the HPC account equipped with such notion invites
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Re-evaluation of solutions to the problem of unprofessionalism in peer review Research Integrity and Peer Review Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Travis G. Gerwing, Alyssa M. Allen Gerwing, Chi-Yeung Choi, Stephanie Avery-Gomm, Jeff C. Clements, Joshua A. Rash
Our recent paper (https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-020-00096-x) reported that 43% of reviewer comment sets (n=1491) shared with authors contained at least one unprofessional comment or an incomplete, inaccurate of unsubstantiated critique (IIUC). Publication of this work sparked an online (i.e., Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and Reddit) conversation surrounding professionalism in peer review. We collected
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Estimating the prevalence of text overlap in biomedical conference abstracts Research Integrity and Peer Review Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Nick Kinney, Araba Wubah, Miguel Roig, Harold R. Garner
Background Scientists communicate progress and exchange information via publication and presentation at scientific meetings. We previously showed that text similarity analysis applied to Medline can identify and quantify plagiarism and duplicate publications in peer-reviewed biomedical journals. In the present study, we applied the same analysis to a large sample of conference abstracts. Methods We
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Rethinking success, integrity, and culture in research (part 2) — a multi-actor qualitative study on problems of science Research Integrity and Peer Review Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Noémie Aubert Bonn, Wim Pinxten
Background Research misconduct and questionable research practices have been the subject of increasing attention in the past few years. But despite the rich body of research available, few empirical works also include the perspectives of non-researcher stakeholders. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with policy makers, funders, institution leaders, editors or publishers
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Rethinking success, integrity, and culture in research (part 1) — a multi-actor qualitative study on success in science Research Integrity and Peer Review Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Noémie Aubert Bonn, Wim Pinxten
Background Success shapes the lives and careers of scientists. But success in science is difficult to define, let alone to translate in indicators that can be used for assessment. In the past few years, several groups expressed their dissatisfaction with the indicators currently used for assessing researchers. But given the lack of agreement on what should constitute success in science, most propositions
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Research under the GDPR – a level playing field for public and private sector research? Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Paul Quinn
Scientific research is indispensable inter alia in order to treat harmful diseases, address societal challenges and foster economic innovation. Such research is not the domain of a single type of organization but can be conducted by a range of different entities in both the public and private sectors. Given that the use of personal data may be indispensable for many forms of research, the data protection
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Identifying violence against the LGTBI+ community in Catalan universities Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Jorge-Manuel Dueñas, Sandra Racionero-Plaza, Patricia Melgar, Paquita Sanvicén-Torné
Social struggles have led to the legal recognition of the rights of LGTBI+ people in some countries. Even so, violence against LGTBI+ people is a social problem throughout the world, and has resulted in the vulnerability and victimization of the members of this group. In Spain, no research has been published to date that analyzes this problem in the university context. Considering the scarcity of studies
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A secure procedure for early career scientists to report apparent misconduct Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Baruch Fischhoff, Barry Dewitt, Nils-Eric Sahlin, Alex Davis
Early career scientists sometimes observe senior scientists engage in apparent scientific misconduct, but feel powerless to intervene, lest they imperil their careers. We propose a Secure Reporting Procedure that both protects them, when pursuing those concerns, and treats the senior scientists fairly. The proposed procedure is, we argue, consistent with the ethical principles of the scientific community
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Geographical print culture in the German-speaking territories, c.1690—c.1815 Journal of Historical Geography (IF 1.343) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 Luise Fischer, Charles.W.J. Withers
This paper examines the number and type of books of geography and geographical periodicals in the eighteenth-century German-speaking territories and the place and chronology of their publication with reference to recent work on geographical print culture in the Enlightenment. The paper extends recent studies on Aufklärungsgeographie (Enlightenment geography) by taking a broadly quantitative approach
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Afro-Latin American geographies of in-betweenness: Colonial marronage in Colombia Journal of Historical Geography (IF 1.343) Pub Date : 2021-03-16 Ana Laura Zavala Guillen
This article explores Maroon spatialities during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries through a critical geographical analysis based on historical records collected in the General Archive of the Indies, the National General Archive of Bogotá, and the oral tradition of San Basilio de Palenque, a community of descendants of fugitives from slavery located in the Montes de María in the Colombian Caribbean
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Duhem on Good Sense and Theory Pursuit: From Virtue to Social Epistemology International Studies in the Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2021-02-21 Jamie Shaw
ABSTRACT The emerging consensus in the secondary literature on Duhem is that his notion of ‘good sense’ is a virtue of individual scientists that guides them choosie between empirically equal rival theories (Stump 2007 Stump, D. 2007. “Pierre Duhem’s Virtue Epistemology.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 38: 149–159.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. “Pierre Duhem’s
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Taxonomies, Networks, and Lexicons: A Study of Kuhn’s Post-‘Linguistic Turn’ Philosophy International Studies in the Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Vincenzo Politi
ABSTRACT In his mature works, Kuhn abandons the concept of a paradigm and becomes more interested in the analysis of the conceptual structure of scientific theories. These changes are interpreted as resulting from a ‘linguistic turn’ that Kuhn underwent sometimes around the 1980s. Much of the philosophical discussions about Kuhn’s post-‘linguistic turn’ philosophy revolves around his views on taxonomic
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De Facto and De Jure in the Practice of Induction International Studies in the Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Daniel Goldstick
ABSTRACT ‘Simplicity’ comes up in different senses in scientific methodology. The simplicity criterion at issue here is relied on in all inductive inference, it’s argued. Therefore, it cannot be inductively learned—except by learners who already rely on it. The question whether one is warranted in relying on it is indeed in order, but we all are found on the affirmative side of the question in practice
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