The Christian and Islamic doctrine of the virgin birth claim God asexually impregnated the Virgin Mary with Jesus, Mary's impregnation was fully consensual (virgin consent), and God never acts immorally (divine goodness). First, I show that God's actions and Mary's background beliefs undermine her consent by virtue of coercive incentives, Mary's comparative powerlessness, and the generation of moral

While much of the federal Department of Justice’s policing bureaucracy was in retrenchment from the 1880s and 1890s, the Indian Territories was the site of some of the most aggressive policing in the nation’s history. Specifically, a series of reforms in US-Indian relations permitted a high level of federal involvement in policing and the management of local order. Using original demographic data on

Children and the European Court of Human Rights, by Claire Fenton-Glynn, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021, pp 464, £80, Hardback, ISBN 978-0-198-78751-8.

AbstractThe law respects essential relationships, most notably marriage. Family members receive various benefits to support the family unit and the relationships within it. While the protection of parental relationships is easily understandable, spousal benefits may be questioned. In the western historical tradition, granting benefits exclusively to marital relationships were justified and practical

With a continuing power of attorney adults may provide for a future period of incapacity. The misuse or abuse of CPAs is a growing concern in many countries, increasingly the question is asked whether CPAs should not be furnished with more safeguards. Article 12(4) UNCRPD requires states to ensure appropriate and effective safeguards are in place to prevent abuse. This article focuses on the question

Medical Decision-Making on Behalf of Young Children: A Comparative Perspective, by GooldImogenAucklandCressidaHerringJonathan (eds), Hart Publishing, 2020, pp 390, Hardback, ISBN 978-1-50992-856-9, Oxford, £80.00

Fundamental Rights and Best Interests of the Child in Transnational Families, by Bergamini Elisabetta, Ragni Chiara (eds.) Intersentia, 2020, pp 320, Hardback, ISBN: 9781780686653, Cambridge, €99

How does membership in transnational multistakeholder institutions shape states' domestic governance? We complement traditional compliance-based approaches by developing a process model, focusing on the independent effects of processes associated with institutional membership, but separate from commitments and compliance themselves. These effects can be driven by iterative and participatory institutional

This study draws on data from the GenderEYE project, research conducted in England between 2018 and 2020, which aimed to examine the recruitment, support and retention of male teachers within early years education (EYE) with a view of developing a more gender diverse workforce in this sector. Data collection was by means of a survey, 9 case studies with early years settings and interviews with key

Research suggests that children develop best in families, but millions currently reside in residential care centers. Many residential care centers have transitioned their programmes from a to a family care model. Using a mixed methods design, the current study examined (1) antecedents to transition, (2) key elements in the process and (3) outcomes of transitioning models of care. Participants included

On 25 October 2020, Chile voted in favour of a Constitutional Convention (or Constituent Assembly) to replace the 1980 constitution. This kind of constituent mechanism had previously been resisted by the traditional political parties, most of whom now support the mechanism. This article identifies the political groups who opposed a Constituent Assembly and argues that the shift in approach was due

ABSTRACT This study quantified and described COVID-19-related concerns and associated mental health symptom severity among a cohort of adults consecutively enrolled in a telebehavioral therapy program during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 2,588). Demographic and clinical data were collected by standardized therapist-led interviews. COVID-19 concerns were abstracted from clinical notes. Anxious feelings

Higher education institutions (HEIs) consume significant energy and water and contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. HEIs are under pressure internally and externally to improve their overall performance on reducing GHG emissions within their boundaries. It is necessary to identify critical areas of high GHG emissions within a campus to help find solutions to improve the overall sustainability

Landfills have been considered the most convenient approach for dealing with waste from time immemorial, even though some have led to disasters of catastrophic proportions. Moreover, recent findings by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggest that the decomposing fraction of landfill waste that generates greenhouse gases (GHGs) may not be adequately accounted for and could become a

Employment stability has been the experience for many wage-labor participants in the United States, characterized by wage adequacy, scheduling certainty, and work autonomy. However, employment contracts increasingly include precarious work factors such as short-term work arrangements, nonstandard hours, and decreased access to healthcare and family supportive benefits. Prior family stress research

ABSTRACT The classical theory of sovereignty describes sovereignty as absolute and undivided yet no early modern state could claim such features. Historical record instead suggests that sovereignty was always divided and contested. In this article I argue that Foucault offers a competing account of sovereignty that underlines such features and is thus more historically apt. While commentators typically

It is generally recognised that engaging consumers to participate in policy making, programming, and practice is fundamental to effective alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment, however, literature continues to document challenges and barriers to its implementation in AOD settings. This study reports on an evaluation of the Consumer Participation Project implemented in key non-government AOD services

ABSTRACT COVID-19 poses a huge threat to the tourism industry. Not only is COVID-19 a health challenge, but it is also a socio-economic and ecological emergency. The UNWTO anticipates a 20-30% decline in tourist arrivals, a huge blow for sub-Saharan countries whose economies depend on nature-based tourism. Using qualitative document analysis, this paper presents an analysis of the interlinkages between

ABSTRACT The San community in Zimbabwe is one of the indigenous tribes that have had a rather belated encounter with modernisation and globalisation. Their transition from a hunting and gathering economy to an agro-capitalist economy is widely considered as failed. Using the sustainable rural livelihoods framework, the study ethnographically investigates the performance of San livelihood portfolios

Despite comparable levels of relationship satisfaction and intimacy, same-sex couples break up faster and more often than different-sex couples, highlighting a need for quality couple therapy. Research suggests that culturally tailored services are desired by same-sex couples and may be more effective and better received. Although efficacious couple therapies exist to treat relationship distress, they

ABSTRACT The Child and Family Services Review (CFSR), created by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS), was first implemented in 2000 to examine the effectiveness of public child welfare agencies and promote positive child and family outcomes across the nation. After providing a brief history of the CFSR, its methodology, and notable changes that have occurred over the past two

Abstract Background and Objectives Substance use and addictive disorders are among the most significant public health concerns, particularly during adolescence. The current study aims to investigate internet gaming disorder, social media addiction, and loneliness levels in adolescents and youths with substance use. Methods: The study group consisted of 93 adolescents and youths aged 15–24 who presented

Abstract Background Impulsivity has been defined by acting rashly during positive mood states (positive urgency; PU) or negative mood states (negative urgency; NU) and by excessive de-valuation of deferred rewards. These behaviors reflect a “live in the now” mentality that is not only characteristic of many individuals with severe substance use disorder (SUD) but also impedes medical treatment compliance

(2021). The Soul of Judaism: Jews of African Descent in America. Journal of Modern Jewish Studies. Ahead of Print.

Abstract Coming out of the closet is a psychosocial process that entails the disclosure of one’s non- heteronormative sexual orientation to family, peers, and the wider public – a phenomenon that is necessitated by the prevalence of societal heteronormativity. With the recent legal decriminalization of consensual same-sex sexual relationships in India, there is renewed interest in and emergent necessity

Background Naloxone distribution, a key global strategy to prevent fatal opioid overdose, has been a recent target of legislation in the U.S., but there is insufficient empirical evidence from causal inference methods to identify which components of these policies successfully reduce opioid-related harms. This study aimed to examine expert consensus on the effectiveness and implementability of various

Background In the UK, legislation was implemented in 2014 allowing needle and syringe provision (NSP) services to offer foil to people who inject drugs (PWID) to encourage smoking rather than injecting. This paper aims to examine the association between foil uptake and smoking or snorting heroin among PWID. This is the first large scale national study to examine foil uptake and smoking or snorting

Background Cannabis is a plant with a rich history of medical, recreational, industrial and spiritual uses. This paper aims to explore drug use rituals as methods of community-controlled use that help maintain a self-regulated and healthy relation to the substance in questions. Furthermore, it explores how cannabis is used in developing spirituality and a sense of community. The ritual use of cannabis

The Pre-exposure Prophylaxis, Data to Care, Implementation, and Evaluation (PrIDE) multi-site demonstration project utilized a cluster evaluation approach and identified six funding recipients that evaluated similar media evaluation questions (Baltimore, Los Angeles County, Lousiana, Michigan, New York City, and Virginia). All of the evaluated social marketing campaigns were developed in collaboration

Over the last decade, different smart cities worldwide have started employing enabling technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), 5G, big-data, digital twin and cloud computing to encourage citizens to conserve natural resources, use public transport to reduce carbon emissions. However, by integrating these enabling technologies with behavioral intelligence, scientific research and trans-disciplinary

In this interdisciplinary article, we provided an evidence-based discussion on the role of the supportive built environment on cancer prevention. We also extended the theoretical thinking on the built environment-cancer links by raising possible equality challenges. Following the recent call in population-level interventions in cancer prevention, our aim is to encourage readers to think about the important

This paper examines the concepts of the resilient cities and environmental resilience and employ a framework of assessing resilient city and develop and trial indicators to assess the environmental resilience of local governments. As a result, the resilient city has been defined as one having the ability to respond to multiple risks. The author employs a structure consisting of the types of resilient

The simplest and most natural vol-of-vol estimator, the pre-estimated spot variance-based realized variance, is typically plagued by a large finite-sample bias. In this paper, we analytically show that allowing for the overlap of consecutive local windows to pre-estimate the spot variance may correct for this bias. In particular, we provide a feasible rule for the bias-optimal selection of the length

Cities differ widely in how they integrate migrants, even within the same nation state, and this local dimension in integration policies is understudied. One model that a growing number of cities in both Western Europe and North America have been trying out is setting up immigrant councils and other institutional structures to integrate immigrants. Such representation of immigrant interests in local

The use of school suspension and expulsion is a widespread phenomenon in American schools (Wallace et al., 2009; Owens and McLanahan, 2020). Yet, much of what we know about these exclusionary practices provide little insight into the personal biographies of the students themselves—specifically their histories of childhood trauma. Using measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), we examine the

Objectives Personality traits are linked with healthy aging, but it is not clear how these associations come to manifest across the life-course and across generations. To study this question, we tested a series of hypotheses about (a) personality-trait prediction of markers of healthy aging across the life-course, (b) developmental origins, stability and change of links between personality and healthy

In fisheries management, decisions regarding access (which users can fish) and allocation (what share of the resource they can use) often raise issues of justice, fairness and equity. In Australia, ecologically sustainable development (ESD) has been prioritised in fisheries legislation, policy, and management. However, the desired optimal community outcomes arising from determination of access and

ABSTRACT Since 2001 Australia’s offshore processing regime has turned asylum seekers into one of the country’s main destitute groups. No asylum seeker trying to reach Australia by boat is allowed to settle in the country. If their boat is intercepted by the Australian Navy in Australian waters, they are forced to turn back, or are forcefully transferred and indefinitely held in Nauru and Papua New

Social work, with its commitment to social justice, knowledge about cultural diversity, and respect for the dignity and worth of the individual, has much to contribute to the modern-day human rights debate. Many international social work scholars have articulated the view of social work as a human rights profession. The profession’s presence in this arena, however, has not always been apparent. Amid

Stress from cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can pose a serious risk of experiencing anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders in adolescence. However, there is a paucity of research identifying specific profiles or combinations of exposure to other forms of stressful life events and their impact on adolescent psychopathology. This study attempted a conceptual expansion of the ACE

Although caregivers have been found to be critical to children’s healing, little has been documented about caregivers’ experiences in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). The current study describes caregivers’ satisfaction with and perceptions of TF-CBT. Caregivers (n = 431) of children/adolescents (n = 496) who completed TF-CBT filled out pre-treatment questionnaires on demographics

Female refugees are particularly vulnerable to mental disorders but assessment may be complex and challenging. Various screening tools have been developed for this population, but little is known about their usefulness. The main aim is to examine the literature on the effectiveness of screening tools for mental health problems among female refugees. Systematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase

We define a model for computing probabilities of right-nested conditionals in terms of graphs representing Markov chains. This is an extension of the model for simple conditionals from Wójtowicz and Wójtowicz (Erkenntnis, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-019-00144-z, 2019). The model makes it possible to give a formal yet simple description of different interpretations of right-nested conditionals

Both definite descriptions and pronouns are often anaphoric; that is, part of their interpretation in context depends on prior linguistic material in the discourse. For example: (1) A student walked in. The student sat down. (2) A student walked in. She sat down. One popular view of anaphoric pronouns, the d-type view, is that pronouns like ‘she’ go proxy for definite descriptions like ‘the student

Men, relative to women, can benefit their total reproductive success by engaging in short-term pluralistic mating. Yet not all men enact such a mating strategy. It has previously been hypothesized that high mate value men should be most likely to adopt a short-term mating strategy, with this prediction being firmly grounded in some important mid-level evolutionary psychological theories. Yet evidence

In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) it is vital to understand acceptable, comprehensive, and culturally appropriate ways of communicating about mental distress. Diagnostic terminology is rarely used, may be stigmatizing, and is subject to misinterpretation. Local terms, such as idioms of distress, can improve mental health literacy and service delivery. Our objective was to examine lived experience

Background The effects of economic instability and the role of economic conditions preceding child protective services (CPS) involvement have not been fully considered in the child welfare literature. Objective This paper investigates the link between earnings instability and CPS involvement. Specifically, it examines whether adequate access to safety net programs mitigates the likelihood of child

Recent work in science and technology studies has looked at how chemical industries manufacture doubt about the toxicity of their products and manage to establish their scientific views in the field of international regulations on toxic substances. Rather than examining yet another “victory” for the industry, this article analyzes the deployment of a “pro-industrial” scientific position, punctuated

In recent decades, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has become a powerful forum for trade liberalization and regulatory harmonization. OECD members have worked to reconcile divergent national regulatory approaches, applying a single framework across sovereign states, in effect determining whose knowledge-making practices would guide regulatory action throughout the

ABSTRACT This study attempted to problematise and partially clarify digital media as a professional practice in New Zealand by analysing job advertisements. There were three key outcomes of the study. First, digital media was found to suffer from ambiguity as a practice. Second, six core facets of digital media as a professional practice were identified and help clarify what a digital media practitioner

This paper explores the extent to which participatory budgeting (PB) contributes to climate change adaptation and mitigation, based on an analysis of initiatives from 15 cities and regions in the global South and North. PB contributions are far from marginal, with significant investments decided by local people. The paper highlights some of the numerous innovations introduced to integrate PB into climate

ABSTRACT Accessing healthcare during a disaster matters for the well-being of people and communities. This article explores healthcare messaging about General Practitioner (GP) services for non-COVID-19 health concerns during the Level 4 lockdown in Te Papaioea (Palmerston North), Aotearoa New Zealand. Messaging from Government, media and local GP clinics were analysed to understand how people were

ABSTRACT In the 2015 United States Trans Survey, trans people overwhelmingly indicated that training health-care providers about trans health is an urgent policy priority within the US. This literature review examines the types of educational training interventions health professional schools have developed from 2015–2020 focused on trans health. This review revealed that the fields of medicine and

Despite the demise of apartheid, economic inequality remains racially skewed in South Africa. For young people born either shortly before or after 1994, the official demise of apartheid—termed “born frees”—we must ask whether they are indeed “free” of the social and economic constraints of the past. How does ongoing inequality color notions of reconciliation and restitution twenty-five years later

In his history of the Edinburgh 1910 World Missionary Conference, Brian Stanley suggests that contemporary use of “culture” in mission may be vulnerable to the same critique as was the use of “race” in the colonial missions. However, sensitivity to culture and context in postwar and postcolonial missiology has encouraged diversity, interculturality, and movements for greater equity. Drawing from contemporary

Social media is a new platform for CEOs to build their image and create a strong personal brand to represent themselves and their company. This research examines an outstanding Malaysian fashion icon and social media–savvy businesswoman with over a million followers on Instagram, Vivy Yusof, the youngest Malaysian e-commerce mogul and an example of a successful CEO who has used personal branding to

This article describes a faculty self-leadership study and its impact on outcomes—extra effort, effectiveness, and satisfaction. The research questions asked faculty’s perceptions of classroom leadership—specifically whether they perceive themselves as leaders. This preliminary, small study aims to consider other avenues to improve the student learning experience and faculty performance. Faculty perception

This article provides an overview of some recent findings on consumer attitudes and other vital antecedents of purchase intention of branded meat. Based on a sample of 349 respondents in Pakistan, this study tests a model including factors associated with branded meat purchase intentions. SPSS, version 21.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structure) were used