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Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in the Population JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Johannes Tobias Neumann, Raphael Twerenbold, Jessica Weimann, Christie M. Ballantyne, Emelia J. Benjamin, Simona Costanzo, James A. de Lemos, Christopher R. deFilippi, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Chiara Donfrancesco, Marcus Dörr, Kai M. Eggers, Gunnar Engström, Stephan B. Felix, Marco M. Ferrario, Ron T. Gansevoort, Simona Giampaoli, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Pär Hedberg, Licia Iacoviello, Torben Jørgensen
ImportanceIdentification of individuals at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease within the population is important to inform primary prevention strategies.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic value of routinely available cardiovascular biomarkers when added to established risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIndividual-level analysis including data on cardiovascular biomarkers
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Cardiovascular Burden of the V142I Transthyretin Variant JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-12 Senthil Selvaraj, Brian Claggett, Svati H. Shah, Robert J. Mentz, Michel G. Khouri, Ani W. Manichaikul, Sadiya S. Khan, Stephen S. Rich, Thomas H. Mosley, Emily B. Levitan, Pankaj Arora, Parag Goyal, Bernhard Haring, Charles B. Eaton, Richard K. Cheng, Gretchen L. Wells, JoAnn E. Manson, Marianna Fontana, Scott D. Solomon
ImportanceIndividual cohort studies concur that the amyloidogenic V142I variant of the transthyretin (TTR) gene, present in 3% to 4% of US Black individuals, increases heart failure (HF) and mortality risk. Precisely defining carrier risk across relevant clinical outcomes and estimating population burden of disease are important given established and emerging targeted treatments.ObjectivesTo better
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The Best Versions of Ourselves JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Evelyn Blankenship-Lai
In this narrative medicine essay, a lecturer in narrative medicine strives to accept her best self by surmounting the barriers of itchy skin and unsightly red patches caused by chronic atopic dermatitis.
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Causal Inference About the Effects of Interventions From Observational Studies in Medical Journals JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Issa J. Dahabreh, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
ImportanceMany medical journals, including JAMA, restrict the use of causal language to the reporting of randomized clinical trials. Although well-conducted randomized clinical trials remain the preferred approach for answering causal questions, methods for observational studies have advanced such that causal interpretations of the results of well-conducted observational studies may be possible when
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Ponatinib vs Imatinib in Frontline Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Elias Jabbour, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Ibrahim Aldoss, Pau Montesinos, Jessica T. Leonard, David Gómez-Almaguer, Maria R. Baer, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, James McCloskey, Yosuke Minami, Cristina Papayannidis, Vanderson Rocha, Philippe Rousselot, Pankit Vachhani, Eunice S. Wang, Bingxia Wang, Meliessa Hennessy, Alexander Vorog, Niti Patel, Tammie Yeh, Jose-Maria Ribera
ImportanceIn newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), disease progression due to acquired resistance to first- or second-generation BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors is common. Ponatinib inhibits BCR::ABL1 and all single-mutation variants, including T315I.ObjectiveTo compare frontline ponatinib vs imatinib in adults with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL.Design
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Service Animals in Health Care Settings JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Lisa I. Iezzoni, Kate K. Higgins
This JAMA Insights article reviews Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) rules for patients, visitors, and other members of the public bringing service animals into health care settings.
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Safeguarding Research Using Federal Health Insurance Data JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 William L. Schpero, David J. Meyers, Sarah H. Gordon
This Viewpoint discusses the importance of researcher access to federal health care data following a CMS decision to limit the use of physical data and proposes solutions to maintain access and security.
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Bird Flu Outbreak in Dairy Cows Is Widespread, Raising Public Health Concerns JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Jennifer Abbasi
This Medical News article discusses the current H5N1 avian influenza outbreak in US dairy cattle and its implications for occupational and public health.
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A 3-Year-Old With Gingival Hemorrhage and Musculoskeletal Pain JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Khanh Trinh, Rinil Patel, Scott M. Peters
A 3-year-old had spontaneous gingival hemorrhage and bilateral limb weakness with inability to bear weight. He had no preceding oral trauma or recent infection, took no regular medications, and had no recent use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; his diet was limited to primarily chicken nuggets and milk. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
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Conveying Risks of Harm in Alzheimer Disease by Amyloid Lowering JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Madhav Thambisetty, Robert Howard
This Viewpoint discusses how data gaps in published research impede clinicians’ ability to clearly discuss the risks and benefits of amyloid-lowering drugs for treating Alzheimer disease.
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Substances in Counterfeit Prescription Pills Seized by Law Enforcement, 2017-2022 JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Rachel S. Wightman, Thomas Chadronet, Bryan Volpe, Ben D. Hallowell, Leslie A. Nolan, Glen R. Gallagher
This study examines substances identified during testing of counterfeit prescription pills seized by law enforcement in Rhode Island from 2017 to 2022.
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Fritz Kahn and the Centenary of The Doctor of the Future JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Conrad-Amadeus Voltin, Lionel S. Zuckier
This JAMA Arts and Medicine feature describes ways in which Fritz Kahn shared a prescient and nuanced vision of technology’s role in the patient-physician interaction, a topic of continued interest and relevance today, through his illustrations.
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Associations of Internal Medicine Residency Milestone Ratings and Certification Examination Scores With Patient Outcomes JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Bradley M. Gray, Jonathan L. Vandergrift, Jennifer P. Stevens, Rebecca S. Lipner, Furman S. McDonald, Bruce E. Landon
ImportanceDespite its importance to medical education and competency assessment for internal medicine trainees, evidence about the relationship between physicians’ milestone residency ratings or the American Board of Internal Medicine’s initial certification examination and their hospitalized patients’ outcomes is sparse.ObjectiveTo examine the association between physicians’ milestone ratings and
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Youth Experiencing Parental Death Due to Drug Poisoning and Firearm Violence in the US, 1999-2020 JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Benjamin-Samuel Schlüter, Diego Alburez-Gutierrez, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Monica J. Alexander, Mathew V. Kiang
ImportanceYouth (those aged <18 years) parental death has been associated with negative health outcomes. Understanding the burden of parental death due to drug poisoning (herein, drugs) and firearms is essential for informing interventions.ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of youth parental death due to drugs, firearms, and all other causes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Youth JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Elizabeth R. Wolf, Frederick P. Rivara, Colin J. Orr, Anabeel Sen, Derek A. Chapman, Steven H. Woolf
ImportanceMortality rates in US youth have increased in recent years. An understanding of the role of racial and ethnic disparities in these increases is lacking.ObjectiveTo compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality trends and rates among youth with Hispanic ethnicity and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, and White race.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis
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One Day, AI Could Mean Better Mental Health for All JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Jennifer Abbasi, Yulin Hswen
This Medical News article is an interview with psychiatrist Vikram Patel, chair of the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine at Harvard Medical School.
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Smoking Cessation After Initial Treatment Failure With Varenicline or Nicotine Replacement JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Paul M. Cinciripini, Charles E. Green, Sanjay Shete, Jennifer A. Minnix, Jason D. Robinson, Yong Cui, Seokhun Kim, George Kypriotakis, Diane Beneventi, Janice A. Blalock, Francesco Versace, Maher Karam-Hage
ImportanceMost people who smoke do not quit on their initial attempt.ObjectiveTo determine the best subsequent strategy for nonabstinence following initial treatment with varenicline or combined nicotine replacement therapy (CNRT).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing a double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential multiple assignment randomized trial, 490 volunteers were randomized to receive 6 weeks
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My Digital Refuge JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Anna Wexler
In this narrative medicine essay, a medical ethicist discusses the complexity of juggling the interests of members in online forums dedicated to rare diseases after being blocked upon disclosing her affiliation with a medical school, thus barring her from the support and information she needed to manage her daughter’s rare disease.
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Urgent Need for Regulatory Oversight of Human Cells, Tissues, and Cellular and Tissue–Based Products JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Robert P. Dickson, Deborah A. Dingell
This Viewpoint discusses the death of a patient caused by unregulated biological products and efforts to encourage federal government oversight of such products.
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Climate Change and Mental Health JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Susan Clayton, Lily A. Brown
This JAMA Insights discusses the adverse effects of climate change on mental health and proposes solutions to help mitigate those effects.
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The FDA and Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 David M. Rind
This Viewpoint examines the appropriateness of FDA accelerated approval of novel gene therapies to treat boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy following clinical trials with surrogate outcomes that did not demonstrate net benefits.
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Race and Ethnicity of Reproductive-Age Females Affected by US State Abortion Bans JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Demetri Goutos, Nina Cesare, Cecilia Vu, Kenneth Lim, Tiffany Green, Kate Rodriguez, Julia Raifman
This study compares the race and ethnicity of reproductive-age females between states that implemented restrictive abortion policies after the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision and states that did not.
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The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 JoAnn E. Manson, Carolyn J. Crandall, Jacques E. Rossouw, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Garnet L. Anderson, Marcia L. Stefanick, Aaron K. Aragaki, Jane A. Cauley, Gretchen L. Wells, Andrea Z. LaCroix, Cynthia A. Thomson, Marian L. Neuhouser, Linda Van Horn, Charles Kooperberg, Barbara V. Howard, Lesley F. Tinker, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Sally A. Shumaker, Ross L. Prentice
ImportanceApproximately 55 million people in the US and approximately 1.1 billion people worldwide are postmenopausal women. To inform clinical practice about the health effects of menopausal hormone therapy, calcium plus vitamin D supplementation, and a low-fat dietary pattern, the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) enrolled 161 808 postmenopausal US women (N = 68 132 in the clinical trials) aged 50
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Screening for Breast Cancer JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Jillian T. Henderson, Elizabeth M. Webber, Meghan S. Weyrich, Marykate Miller, Joy Melnikow
ImportanceBreast cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality for US women. Trials have established that screening mammography can reduce mortality risk, but optimal screening ages, intervals, and modalities for population screening guidelines remain unclear.ObjectiveTo review studies comparing different breast cancer screening strategies for the US Preventive Services Task Force.Data SourcesMEDLINE
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Collaborative Modeling to Compare Different Breast Cancer Screening Strategies JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Amy Trentham-Dietz, Christina Hunter Chapman, Jinani Jayasekera, Kathryn P. Lowry, Brandy M. Heckman-Stoddard, John M. Hampton, Jennifer L. Caswell-Jin, Ronald E. Gangnon, Ying Lu, Hui Huang, Sarah Stein, Liyang Sun, Eugenio J. Gil Quessep, Yuanliang Yang, Yifan Lu, Juhee Song, Diego F. Muñoz, Yisheng Li, Allison W. Kurian, Karla Kerlikowske, Ellen S. O’Meara, Brian L. Sprague, Anna N. A. Tosteson
ImportanceThe effects of breast cancer incidence changes and advances in screening and treatment on outcomes of different screening strategies are not well known.ObjectiveTo estimate outcomes of various mammography screening strategies.Design, Setting, and PopulationComparison of outcomes using 6 Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) models and national data on breast cancer
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Global Production of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients for US Generic Drugs Experiencing Shortages JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Mariana P. Socal, Matthew A. Crane, Gerard F. Anderson
This study evaluates the characteristics of generic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used to manufacture drugs with shortages in the US and facilities producing APIs worldwide.
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At-Home Diagnostics Solutions for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Ellen N. Kersh, Leandro A. Mena
This Viewpoint discusses the US Food and Drug Administration’s authorization of marketing an at-home testing system for chlamydia and gonorrhea as a good first step in boosting access to screening and treatment and in reducing infection rates.
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Aspirin vs Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Wendy Y. Chen, Karla V. Ballman, Ann H. Partridge, Olwen M. Hahn, Frederick M. Briccetti, William J. Irvin, Banu Symington, Kala Visvanathan, Paula R. Pohlmann, Thomas H. Openshaw, Anna Weiss, Eric P. Winer, Lisa A. Carey, Michelle D. Holmes
ImportanceObservational studies of survivors of breast cancer and prospective trials of aspirin for cardiovascular disease suggest improved breast cancer survival among aspirin users, but prospective studies of aspirin to prevent breast cancer recurrence are lacking.ObjectiveTo determine whether aspirin decreases the risk of invasive cancer events among survivors of breast cancer.Design, Setting, and
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False Health Claims Abound, but Physicians Are Still the Most Trusted Source for Health Information JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Melissa Suran, Karen Bucher
This Medical News article discusses a KFF poll about the public’s exposure to and beliefs about inaccurate health information, as well as media use and trust in sources.
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Disparities in Mortality by Sexual Orientation in a Large, Prospective Cohort of Female Nurses JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Sarah McKetta, Tabor Hoatson, Landon D. Hughes, Bethany G. Everett, Sebastien Haneuse, S. Bryn Austin, Tonda L. Hughes, Brittany M. Charlton
ImportanceExtensive evidence documents health disparities for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) women, including worse physical, mental, and behavioral health than heterosexual women. These factors have been linked to premature mortality, yet few studies have investigated premature mortality disparities among LGB women and whether they differ by lesbian or bisexual identity.ObjectiveTo examine differences
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APOL1-Mediated Kidney Disease JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Timothy Hopper, Opeyemi A. Olabisi
This JAMA Insights reviews the origin of APOL1 high-risk genetic variants, defines APOL1-mediated kidney disease, and discusses recommendations for screening and management.
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In Praise of Hospice JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 James R. Nicholas
In this narrative medicine essay, a retired physician describes the kindness, companionship, and skill of the hospice workers who helped his wife and him prepare for her death.
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Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Hira Imran, Jason T. Alexander, Christopher D. Jackson
This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2023 American College of Gastroenterology guidelines on management of patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
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The Overdose Crisis in the 2024 Election—Political Fights and Practical Problems JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Brendan Saloner
This Viewpoint discusses the 2024 presidential election in the context of the addiction and overdose crisis in the US, which has been a unifying challenge and a source of major ideological division in US politics.
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Interstitial Lung Disease JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Toby M. Maher
ImportanceInterstitial lung disease (ILD) consists of a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung parenchyma associated with progressive dyspnea that frequently results in end-stage respiratory failure. In the US, ILD affects approximately 650 000 people and causes approximately 25 000 to 30 000 deaths per year.ObservationsThe most common forms of ILD are
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Preoperative GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Risk of Postoperative Respiratory Complications JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Anjali A. Dixit, Brian T. Bateman, Mary T. Hawn, Michelle C. Odden, Eric C. Sun
This cohort study evaluates the risk of postoperative respiratory complications among patients with diabetes undergoing surgery who had vs those who had not a prescription fill for glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists.
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Associations Between Surrogate Markers and Clinical Outcomes for Nononcologic Chronic Disease Treatments JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Joshua D. Wallach, Samuel Yoon, Harry Doernberg, Laura R. Glick, Oriana Ciani, Rod S. Taylor, Maryam Mooghali, Reshma Ramachandran, Joseph S. Ross
ImportanceSurrogate markers are increasingly used as primary end points in clinical trials supporting drug approvals.ObjectiveTo systematically summarize the evidence from meta-analyses, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and pooled analyses (hereafter, meta-analyses) of clinical trials examining the strength of association between treatment effects measured using surrogate markers and clinical
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Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Urinary Tract Infection JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Shruti K. Gohil, Edward Septimus, Ken Kleinman, Neha Varma, Taliser R. Avery, Lauren Heim, Risa Rahm, William S. Cooper, Mandelin Cooper, Laura E. McLean, Naoise G. Nickolay, Robert A. Weinstein, L. Hayley Burgess, Micaela H. Coady, Edward Rosen, Selsebil Sljivo, Kenneth E. Sands, Julia Moody, Justin Vigeant, Syma Rashid, Rebecca F. Gilbert, Kim N. Smith, Brandon Carver, Russell E. Poland, Jason Hickok
ImportanceUrinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common infection leading to hospitalization and is often associated with gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Clinicians overuse extended-spectrum antibiotics although most patients are at low risk for MDRO infection. Safe strategies to limit overuse of empiric antibiotics are needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether computerized
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Clinical Highlights From the American College of Cardiology’s 2024 Scientific Session JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Jennifer Abbasi
This Medical News article is an interview with Douglas Drachman, MD, an interventional cardiologist and chair of the American College of Cardiology’s annual meeting.
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Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Pneumonia JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Shruti K. Gohil, Edward Septimus, Ken Kleinman, Neha Varma, Taliser R. Avery, Lauren Heim, Risa Rahm, William S. Cooper, Mandelin Cooper, Laura E. McLean, Naoise G. Nickolay, Robert A. Weinstein, L. Hayley Burgess, Micaela H. Coady, Edward Rosen, Selsebil Sljivo, Kenneth E. Sands, Julia Moody, Justin Vigeant, Syma Rashid, Rebecca F. Gilbert, Kim N. Smith, Brandon Carver, Russell E. Poland, Jason Hickok
ImportancePneumonia is the most common infection requiring hospitalization and is a major reason for overuse of extended-spectrum antibiotics. Despite low risk of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection, clinical uncertainty often drives initial antibiotic selection. Strategies to limit empiric antibiotic overuse for patients with pneumonia are needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether computerized
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What Is Hepatitis D Infection? JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Rebecca Voelker
This JAMA Patient Page describes hepatitis D infection and its risk factors, outcomes of acute and chronic infection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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“The Patient” JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Katie A. Thure
When a resident announced that “the patient has no chance of surviving,” a medical student, in this narrative medicine essay, has pondered for years how her mother could have been so reduced and advocates using patients’ names when summarizing their conditions.
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A Patient With Type 1 Diabetes and Acute Rhinosinusitis JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Francisco J. Machiavello Roman, Marwan M. Azar, Paul A. Trubin
A 41-year-old with type 1 diabetes had generalized weakness, muffled voice, and slurred speech. Neck computed tomography showed soft-tissue gas in the nasopharynx and prevertebral fascia; examination of sinus mucosal samples identified numerous broad, nonseptate right-angled hyphae and fruiting bodies. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
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Accelerating Climate Action Through Academic Health Systems JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 A. Eugene Washington, William T. Mallon, Johnese Spisso
This Viewpoint makes the case for academic health systems to lead the way on climate change action in the US, including planning to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, educating current and future clinicians, and communicating with their patients and communities.
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Serious Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Using Diltiazem With Apixaban or Rivaroxaban JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Wayne A. Ray, Cecilia P. Chung, C. Michael Stein, Walter Smalley, Eli Zimmerman, William D. Dupont, Adriana M. Hung, James R. Daugherty, Alyson Dickson, Katherine T. Murray
ImportanceDiltiazem, a commonly prescribed ventricular rate–control medication for patients with atrial fibrillation, inhibits apixaban and rivaroxaban elimination, possibly causing overanticoagulation.ObjectiveTo compare serious bleeding risk for new users of apixaban or rivaroxaban with atrial fibrillation treated with diltiazem or metoprolol.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort
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Protecting Privacy of Pregnant and LGBTQ+ Research Participants JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Ellen Wright Clayton, Harris T. Bland, Kathleen F. Mittendorf
This Viewpoint summarizes existing federal regulations aimed at protecting research data, describes the challenges of enforcing these regulations, and discusses how evolving privacy technologies could be used to reduce health disparities and advance health equity among pregnant and LGBTQ+ research participants.
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Leave of Absence and Medical Student Placement Into Graduate Medical Education by Race and Ethnicity JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Mytien Nguyen, Hyacinth R. C. Mason, Regina Russell, Tonya Fancher, Sarwat I. Chaudhry, Mayur M. Desai, Dowin Boatright
This study examines the association between taking a leave of absence from medical school and placement into graduate medical education (GME) by race and ethnicity.
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Does This Infant Have a Dislocated Hip? JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Abhinav Singh, Ryckie George Wade, David Metcalfe, Daniel C. Perry
ImportanceDelayed diagnosis of a dislocated hip in infants can lead to complex childhood surgery, interruption to family life, and premature osteoarthritis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination in identifying dislocated hips in infants.Data SourcesSystematic search of CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library from the inception of each database until October 31
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Produce Prescriptions Sound Good, but Data to Support Them Is Lacking—That Could Soon Change JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Maryn McKenna
This Medical News article discusses research initiatives to support produce prescriptions and other “food is medicine” nutrition programs in health care settings.
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Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels From Childhood to Adulthood and Cardiovascular Disease Events JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Feitong Wu, David R. Jacobs, Stephen R. Daniels, Mika Kähönen, Jessica G. Woo, Alan R. Sinaiko, Jorma S. A. Viikari, Lydia A. Bazzano, Julia Steinberger, Elaine M. Urbina, Alison J. Venn, Olli T. Raitakari, Terence Dwyer, Markus Juonala, Costan G. Magnussen
ImportanceElevated non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C; a recommended measure of lipid-related cardiovascular risk) is common in children and increases risk of adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether resolution of elevated childhood non–HDL-C levels by adulthood is associated with reduced risk of clinical CVD events is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of non–HDL-C status
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Assessing the Real-World Effectiveness of Immunizations for Respiratory Syncytial Virus JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Fatimah S. Dawood, Amanda B. Payne, Meredith L. McMorrow
This Viewpoint discusses recommendations from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for newly licensed immunizations for respiratory syncytial virus in infants, children with high-risk conditions, and older adults.
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Good Enough JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Lauren Rissman
In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatric critical care physician mulls a discussion about a patient’s status with a male colleague in front of her all-female medical team, a discussion that led her to question herself until she concludes that she can’t be all things to all people at all times.
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Tilt Table Testing JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 William P. Cheshire, Daniel V. Dudenkov, Bala Munipalli
This Diagnostic Test Interpretation uses a patient case to illustrate tilt table testing, useful for evaluating patients with syncope of unknown cause or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).
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Including Pregnant and Lactating Women in Clinical Research JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Margaret Foster Riley
This Viewpoint summarizes a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that encourages the inclusion of pregnant and lactating individuals in clinical research.
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Intravascular Microaxial Left Ventricular Assist Device Manufacturer Payments to Cardiologists and Use of Devices JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Sanket S. Dhruva, Joseph S. Ross, Michael A. Steinman, Siqi Gan, Sruthi Muluk, Timothy S. Anderson
This study examines whether payments from a left ventricular assist device manufacturer to cardiologists performing percutaneous coronary intervention were associated with any use of the devices.
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Does This Patient Have Alcohol Use Disorder? JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Evan Wood, Jeffrey Pan, Zishan Cui, Paxton Bach, Brittany Dennis, Seonaid Nolan, M. Eugenia Socias
ImportanceThe accuracy of screening tests for alcohol use disorder (defined as a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress) requires reassessment to align with the latest definition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5).ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of screening tools in identifying individuals
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Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy and Children’s Risk of Autism, ADHD, and Intellectual Disability JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Viktor H. Ahlqvist, Hugo Sjöqvist, Christina Dalman, Håkan Karlsson, Olof Stephansson, Stefan Johansson, Cecilia Magnusson, Renee M. Gardner, Brian K. Lee
ImportanceSeveral studies suggest that acetaminophen (paracetamol) use during pregnancy may increase risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. If true, this would have substantial implications for management of pain and fever during pregnancy.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of acetaminophen use during pregnancy with children’s risk of autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Caroline H. Siegel, Lisa R. Sammaritano
ImportanceSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and immune-mediated injury to multiple organ systems, including the mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, hematologic, and kidney systems. Approximately 3.4 million people worldwide have received a diagnosis of SLE.ObservationsApproximately 90% of people with SLE are female. Although there are no uniformly
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Single Ascending and Multiple-Dose Trial of Zerlasiran, a Short Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a) JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Steven E. Nissen, Kathy Wolski, Gerald F. Watts, Michael J. Koren, Henry Fok, Stephen J. Nicholls, David A. Rider, Leslie Cho, Steven Romano, Carrie Melgaard, Curtis Rambaran
ImportanceLipoprotein(a) is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic stenosis, with no pharmacological treatments approved by regulatory authorities.ObjectivesTo assess the safety and tolerability of zerlasiran, a short interfering RNA targeting hepatic synthesis of apolipoprotein(a), and effects on serum concentrations of lipoprotein(a).Design, Setting
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Cardiac Function Before Sepsis and Clinical Outcomes JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Stuthi Iyer, Jason N. Kennedy, Jacob C. Jentzer, Mourad H. Senussi, Christopher W. Seymour
This cohort study characterizes heterogeneity in cardiac function prior to sepsis and describes associations with hospitalization outcomes and mortality.