The measurement of the surface charge on the insulating dielectrics is critical to estimate the insulation strength of electrical equipment in operation. Unavoidable interactions with the electromagnetic field, however, generally result in distortion measurement of active sensor. Thus, it is of great significance to investigate a passive sensor for monitoring the deposited charge. Here, a passive optical

In this article, the dynamic thermal rating assessment method of oil-immersed power transformer with multiple operating conditions is proposed, considering the constraints of hot spot temperature (HST), top oil temperature, losses of life and the maximum allowable current of on-load tap changer (OLTC) or bushing, which can determine the dynamic load curves under different operating conditions and give

The design of high voltage and medium voltage AC and DC standoff insulators, and, in general, of insulation systems where surface and interface properties are predominant factors, is based on specifications and standards that rely upon long-term experiences and lab testing. Surface insulating properties depend on electrical and thermal stresses, besides environmental factors, and the inception of extrinsic

Recent progress made in the prediction, characterisation, and mitigation of multipactor discharge is reviewed for single- and two-surface geometries. First, an overview of basic concepts including secondary electron emission, electron kinetics under the force law, multipactor susceptibility, and saturation mechanisms is provided, followed by a discussion on multipactor mitigation strategies. These

This issue of IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine includes nine open call articles that cover a variety of 6G candidate technologies [reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, nonterrestrial networks (NTNs), artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) for wireless communications, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks] as well as connected and automated mobility systems [lidar, in-vehicle programmable

This is an exciting month in the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society (VTS). We look forward to seeing many of you at the 97th Annual IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring) held on 20–23 June 2023 in Florence, Italy. We owe many thanks to J.R. Cruz as VTS vice president for conferences; Alberto Reatti and Lorenzo Ciani as general cochairs; and Gabriele Maria Lozito, Fabio Corti, Rui Dinis

Assuming money were not a problem, if you could own a sports car for personal use, would you rather rent one? Neither would I. It can be argued that 5G is today’s sports car of mobile technologies: fast, reliable, fashionable. As businesses continue to rely more heavily on digital technologies, owning a 5G network makes a lot of sense. 5G private, portable networks offer a range of benefits, including

Siemens Mobility has received an order for 1,200 locomotives of 9,000 hp from Indian Railways, a total value of approximately €3 billion. It marks the single largest locomotive order in company history and single largest order in the history of Siemens India. Siemens Mobility will design, manufacture, commission, and test the locomotives, as shown in Figure 1 . Deliveries are planned over an 11-year

People have always feared new technology. In [1] , the authors explain the impact that hours and hours in front of a screen, such as a smartphone, has on our brains, but also notices that all new technology was initially received with hesitation. They give several amusing examples: In the 16th century, we were told that all this new information being available to us now that books could be mass produced

Automotive electronic systems are the collection of electronic components and software systems that are used in modern vehicles to provide safety, comfort, entertainment, and other features. These systems have become increasingly complex over the years as technology has advanced, and they play a critical role in the overall operation of the vehicle.

The IEEE 802.11 Working Group on Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) is a Working Group of the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society. It is chartered to define one medium access control (MAC) and several physical layer (PHY) specifications for wireless connectivity for fixed, portable, and moving stations (STAs) within a local area, with the purpose of providing wireless

A current transformer (CT), consisting of two independent magnetic cores, is proposed to improve the DC tolerance ability for AC measurement. The proposed dual-core CT is designed to work at the low measurement error margins of the conventional and air-gapped CTs, which exhibits a high accuracy for AC measurement of the conventional CT and, in the meanwhile, as tolerant to DC saturation as the air-gapped

With the development of a distributed generation, direct current (DC) load and energy-storage equipment, voltage-source-converter-based medium-voltage DC systems (VSC-MVDC) have attracted more attention due to its low power consumption, high reliability, independent power control and so on. However, VSC-MVDC has the problem of DC fault isolation, which requires the fast-acting DC circuit-breakers to

Liquid permeation into silicone rubber (SR) may lead to the degradation or complete failure of the composite insulators. Aiming to inhibit liquid permeation, two kinds of superhydrophobic coatings are applied to the SR surface. The liquid permeation properties of SR with different types of liquids are investigated, and the Langmuir diffusion model is applied to analyse the experimental data. The results

Frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy (FDS) is an effective method reflecting the changes of ageing status of silicone oil-immersed insulation paper. For better evaluating the ageing status of silicone oil-immersed insulation paper, an evaluation method was studied by analysing the ageing kinetic model and results of FDS. First, the method to separate the different polarization losses and conductivity

Vacuum-dielectric interface is the most vulnerable part of vacuum insulation systems where surface electrical breakdown is prone to happen, hence severely restricts the development of advanced electro-vacuum devices with large capacity and its miniaturisation. Generally, a direct and effective way to improve vacuum surface insulation is to alleviate the initiation and development of multipactor phenomena

Power cable defect detection and location is a crucial aspect in power asset maintenance. Impedance spectrum measurement can be used as a non-destructive tool for cable monitoring. Defects from overheating and moisture ingress are investigated by the authors, and it is shown that multi-type cable defects can be detected and located by this methodology. With both electromagnetic analysis and experimental

To generate arbitrary shape magnetic field waveforms for advanced scientific research, a reconfigurable pulsed high magnetic field facility (PHMFF) was developed at Wuhan National Pulsed High Magnetic Field Centre (WHMFC). First, the basic elements of PHMFF are introduced, and a ternary physical model composed of energy storage unit, magnet, transmission circuits and other auxiliary units is summarised

In order to improve the stability and reliability of high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines in cold regions, this article investigated the corona discharges and the icicle growth characteristics on outdoor insulators under DC voltages. The experiments were conducted at CIGELE laboratory at University of Quebec. The simulation model of corona discharges and the theoretical model of icicle

For connected automated vehicles (CAVs), safety and security are two interrelated critical issues since many in-vehicle components are both safety critical and security critical. To achieve both safety and security in the presence of functional failures or cyberattacks, this article proposes a dynamic heterogeneous redundancy (DHR) scheme for CAVs. The basic idea is that each safety- and security-critical

Atmospheric pressure planar plumes are desirable for the applications of low temperature plasmas, such as rapid modification of large-scale surfaces. Up to now, only single-mode planar plumes with either a streamer mode or a filamentary mode have been reported in the literature. Distinctive from the single-mode planar plumes, a double-mode argon planar plume has been generated in this article, which

The lighting quality of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images is the key factor that affects the intelligent operation and maintenance efficiency in power system. When captured in low-light condition, the UAV images suffer from loss of details, leading to a decrease in object detection accuracy. However, the research is lacking with respect to low-light image enhancement for UAV-based overhead power

In this article, a method is proposed for the characterisation of epoxy resin thermal and hygrothermal ageing based on microwave resonator with interdigital-capacitor-shaped defected ground structure (IDCS-DGS), which can realise rapid and simple non-destructive testing of the ageing degree of epoxy resin materials. The resonant frequency of IDCS-DGS was proved to decrease with the increase of dielectric

The oil-pressboard insulation on the valve side of the converter transformer withstands pulsating square wave voltage. The voltage contains lots of DC components and high-order harmonics, which is likely to cause insulation failures. The partial discharge and space charge experiments of oil-impregnated pressboard under DC superimposed harmonic voltage are conducted to study the effects of harmonic

This letter exhibits the presence of High-Frequency (HF) current signatures of arcing in Vegetation High Impedance Fault (VeHIF) events. Zero-crossing arcing discontinuities are shown to have varying widths causing different levels of HF noise bursts depending on how aggressively the 50-Hz waveform gets distorted. The work has identified that the temporal growth in HF disturbances often occurs quicker

The loss of synchronization (LOS) is a main issue for dynamic behavior of grid-following converter (GFC) under inductive power grid. This letter reveals the underlying mechanism of insufficient damping or even negative damping during grid disturbance, and analyzes how the initial speed of angle-difference between PLL output and grid voltage affects the synchronization stability. Then a synchronization

Solid-state high voltage high repetitive pulse generators have a broad prospect in various applications. The high power and high-frequency operation of the pulse generator suffer from the massive heat dissipation problem, which limits the improvement of the output parameters and even affects the lifetime. This article focuses on heat management technology for high voltage high repetitive pulse generators

Green energies and electric mobility are considered exciting solutions to help reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This scenario has significantly promoted the use of electric drives; consequently, higher technical requirements are assumed as mandatory. Focusing on the required high-performance electric drives, the direct control of power converters and the use of integrated

In this work, electrical tree inception and ageing experiments were conducted to investigate the initiation, growth characteristics and structural characteristics of electrical trees of nano-SiO2 doped epoxy resin at different temperatures. Electrical tree inception and ageing experiments were conducted using power frequency voltage of 15 kV at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100°C. Electrical breakdown properties

The buffer layer defects of high-voltage crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable occur frequently, which makes the detection method become the focus to be studied. Here, the broadband impedance detection technology for the buffer layer defects of high-voltage XLPE cables with corrugated aluminium sheath is investigated. There are nine cable samples, including new and defective ones. Some of the defective

In [1], the incorrect version of Fig. 18 was published. The following are the correct figures. Fig. 18. Results of Case III; (a) fpu and $V_{pu}^{dc}$; active power of (b) ICs and (c) DGs.

The cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) sidelink technology, specified in the long-term evolution (LTE) and further improved in the 5G new radio (NR) standards to facilitate direct data exchange between vehicles, will play a crucial role in revolutionizing transportation systems. However, the demand for very high reliability and ultralow latency services especially challenges the sidelink resource

In a set of similar unit commitment (UC) problems, a variable is called a stable integer variable (SIV) if its optimal value is 0 or 1 on a regular basis, which reflects an inherent pattern in UC solutions. The computational complexity can be significantly reduced by fixing SIVs with a minor chance of accuracy loss. To identify SIVs, this letter proposes a method to collect internal solution information

With more renewable resources are integrated into the receiving-end AC grid through the LCC-HVDC link, a single-infeed LCC-HVDC (SIDC) system is facing a critical subsequent commutation failure (SCF), which stems from the poor dynamic reactive power support capability of the existing LCC-HVDC link's control strategies. This letter proposes a general self-adaptive DC current control (GSDC 2 ) of LCC-HVDC

The inherent large damping effect in virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control brings great challenges to its transient analysis. The recent studies mainly focus on qualitative explanation of damping effect, lacking an intuitive and quantitative assessment method. In this letter, the concept of damping area is introduced to visualize the transient damping energy in a tailored phase portrait, which

This letter proposes a two-stage heuristic approach to reconfigure a radial distribution network in the least possible computational time. All the network switches are closed in the initial stage of the operation, and a sequential switch opening strategy is suggested to obtain a near-optimal radial configuration. In the subsequent stage, a pair of switches is selected from the radial network to exchange

In this letter, the expectation-maximization-based secondary voltage control scheme is proposed to achieve the robust secondary voltage control (SVC) in the presence of stochastic measurement error under wide-area measurement system (WAMS). The proposed control scheme is implemented iteratively in the two steps, expectation and maximization steps. Since stochastic measurement error, following arbitrary

A probabilistic load forecasting method that can deal with sudden load pattern changes caused by abnormal events such as COVID-19 is proposed in this paper. The deep residual network (ResNet) is first applied to extract the load pattern for the normal period from historical data. When an abnormal event occurs, a Gaussian Process (GP) with a composite kernel is utilized to adapt to the changes on load

While $dq$ admittance models have shown to be very useful for stability analysis, extracting admittance models of inverter-based resources (IBRs) from the electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation environment using frequency scans takes time. In this letter, a new perturbation method based on Gaussian pulses in combination with the system identification algorithms shows great promise for parametric

Data-driven linear power flow (D-LPF) models are prevalent due to their excellent accuracy. Typically, D-LPF models rely on sufficient training data. However, in practice, the training data may be insufficient due to recording errors or limited measurement conditions. To address this practical and important issue, this letter presents a physical-model-aided data-driven linear power flow (PD-LPF) model

While the energy management system (EMS) has been operated with output power measurements from all generation units (GUs) in transmission system, most renewable energy sources (RESs) in distribution system have been installed behind-the-meter (BTM). As the result, the power outputs from RESs are invisible to utilities, and they are separated from the available net load in the EMS based on the assumption

In the context of constructing digital power grid, there has been significant attention on the methods to accurately and promptly obtain the physical field information of power equipment. The numerical methods, such as finite element analysis (FEA), are limited by offline computation and cannot meet the safety and timeliness requirements of the power grid. In this letter, a method based on deep neural

This letter proposes improved time-frequency maps for separating multiple partial discharge (PD) sources in cable terminations. PD signals are acquired through a digital measurement system and a high frequency current transformer. The waveform of each pulse is analyzed by synchrosqueezed wavelet transform, and six representative feature parameters are proposed to form time–frequency maps. The results

After the two last virtual conferences in 2019 and 2020 run by Prof. Pablo Arboleya from the University of Oviedo (Spain), the IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) was held for the first time in Merced, California, USA, last November. The conference was organized by a very motivated team from the University of California, Merced, led by Prof. Ricardo De Castro. With the motto “connect

I would first like to welcome Prof. Weihua Zhuang, 2023 IEEE Vehicular Technology Society (VTS) president, to the first issue of the year of IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine . Weihua is a long-standing VTS volunteer (including positions such as editor-in-chief of IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology and vice president—publications), and I had the pleasure and honor of working closely with her

I am greatly honored and committed to serve as the president of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society (VTS). The VTS serves as the association of reference for mobility professionals’ needs in the areas of lifelong learning, standards creation, dissemination of new technologies, and networking. I will work closely with VTS volunteers to enhance services and benefits to our members and to grow the Society

One of the key decisions facing mobile operators worldwide is whether to launch 5G services in nonstandalone or standalone (SA) mode. The key difference is that the former relies upon existing 4G LTE network assets, such as an LTE evolved packet core, while the latter requires the deployment of a 5G core. Besides enabling new features, such as network slicing, 5G SA provides the full range of 5G capabilities

Deutsche Bahn (DB) was on the final preparations for the commissioning of the new Wendlingen–Ulm line as drivers gained experience on the route, as shown in Figure 1 . With the timetable change on 11 December, thousands of travelers will benefit from more and faster connections between Stuttgart and Munich in Germany every day. Thanks to the new Wendlingen–Ulm route, they will save around 15 min in

While the industry is exploring the key drivers and future needs of 6G cellular communication systems, 6G research is in full swing, globally supported by large programs. As a result, many new technologies are being proposed. This could be noticed in various fora and publications that convey new visions for the verticals that 6G would serve and the key elements that could make this happen. New radio

Public road automation has been a phrase on everybody’s lips in the automotive world for more than a decade, but the challenges are misjudged, and the question is: Has public road automation only been a playground for technical nerds rather than addressing real-world pain points? Or have the real-world problems been a subterfuge for playing around with technology? For sure, increased traffic safety

The IEEE Vehicular Technology Society (VTS) is honored to have elevated seven members to the distinction of IEEE Fellow for 2023.

Mineral oil is the most frequent insulating liquid used in oil-immersed transformers for electrical insulation and heat dissipation. However, oil-based nanofluids are becoming more popular in scientific research as they have proved to have better dielectric and thermal characteristics. When applying these nanofluids into actual transformers, they would be exposed to thermal and electrical stresses

Dynamic ageing process of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation under combined electro-thermal effect is investigated by the construction of theoretical analysis model and the practice of operation-simulated ageing test. Firstly, theoretical analysis model is constructed from time and spatial dimensions. From the time dimension, in the light of the impeding trend of internal stress to external

Composited cable terminals are critical for reliable power delivery of traditional and traction power supply systems. During its operation, the cable terminal continually undergoes complex circumstances where humidity, temperature, field strength, mechanical stress and other factors continuously change at different levels. In extreme cases, defects or even failures may occur in the cable terminals

For beyond-5G and 6G communications, the satellite-terrestrial integrated network (STIN) is expected to provide diverse services with global coverage. The first step in implementing a successful STIN is to make the satellite network capable of functioning seamlessly with its terrestrial counterpart. However, as satellites rotate around Earth at very high speeds and are connected over very long wireless

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm is widely applied in many fields, such as disaster relief and geological exploration. However, it is highly vulnerable when facing an attack from internal malicious UAVs due to the underlying disconnected, intermittent, and limited (DIL) network environment. Recently, building trusted networks has been considered as a strategy to address security issues. Nevertheless

Partial discharges (PD) are the ‘cancer’ of electrical insulation. Insulation design and mitigation of PD-induced degradation should be based on good knowledge of PD phenomena. In that regard, a significant body of knowledge has been built up from concerted research across the world in past decades and on various aspects of PD phenomena under various conditions. However, the work is far from being

Integration of self-driving functions in electric vehicles is radically changing the transportation systems, and representing an opportunity for power utilities to develop innovative solutions for harnessing the spatio-temporal charging flexibility of autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). This paper develops a multi-agent reinforcement learning model for intelligent real-time coordinated operation of

Driven by the goals of clean energy and zero carbon emissions, the power industry is undergoing significant transformations. The rapid growth of diverse distributed energy resources (DERs) at grid edge such as rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) and electric vehicles is transforming the traditional centralized power grid management to a decentralized, bottom-up, and localized control paradigm. Establishing

This letter presents an initial investigation of static voltage stability margin (VSM) in the context of a heat and electricity integrated energy system (HE-IES). The integration of diverse energy sources into power systems presents challenges in terms of voltage stability. To address this, we propose a novel static VSM model that incorporates thermal dynamics for HE-IES. The model is accompanied by